CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: saturation point</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: saturation point"> <meta name="keywords" content="saturation point"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="saturation point" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="saturation point"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 5340</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: saturation point</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5340</span> A Method for Calculating Dew Point Temperature in the Humidity Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wu%20Sa">Wu Sa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhang%20Qian"> Zhang Qian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Qi"> Li Qi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Ye"> Wang Ye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently in humidity tests having not put the Dew point temperature as a control parameter, this paper selects wet and dry bulb thermometer to measure the vapor pressure, and introduces several the saturation vapor pressure formulas easily calculated on the controller. Then establish the Dew point temperature calculation model to obtain the relationship between the Dew point temperature and vapor pressure. Finally check through the 100 groups of sample in the range of 0-100 ℃ from "Psychrometric handbook", find that the average error is small. This formula can be applied to calculate the Dew point temperature in the humidity test. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dew%20point%20temperature" title="dew point temperature">dew point temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychrometric%20handbook" title=" psychrometric handbook"> psychrometric handbook</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation%20vapor%20pressure" title=" saturation vapor pressure"> saturation vapor pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wet%20and%20dry%20bulb%20thermometer" title=" wet and dry bulb thermometer"> wet and dry bulb thermometer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30022/a-method-for-calculating-dew-point-temperature-in-the-humidity-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30022.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">489</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5339</span> Assessment of Petrophysical Parameters Using Well Log and Core Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khulud%20M.%20Rahuma">Khulud M. Rahuma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20B.%20Younis"> Ibrahim B. Younis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Assessment of petrophysical parameters are very essential for reservoir engineer. Three techniques can be used to predict reservoir properties: well logging, well testing, and core analysis. Cementation factor and saturation exponent are very required for calculation, and their values role a great effect on water saturation estimation. In this study a sensitive analysis was performed to investigate the influence of cementation factor and saturation exponent variation applying logs, and core analysis. Measurements of water saturation resulted in a maximum difference around fifteen percent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porosity" title="porosity">porosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cementation%20factor" title=" cementation factor"> cementation factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation%20exponent" title=" saturation exponent"> saturation exponent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formation%20factor" title=" formation factor"> formation factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20saturation" title=" water saturation"> water saturation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11077/assessment-of-petrophysical-parameters-using-well-log-and-core-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11077.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">693</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5338</span> Field Saturation Flow Measurement Using Dynamic Passenger Car Unit under Mixed Traffic Condition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramesh%20Chandra%20Majhi">Ramesh Chandra Majhi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Saturation flow is a very important input variable for the design of signalized intersections. Saturation flow measurement is well established for homogeneous traffic. However, saturation flow measurement and modeling is a challenging task in heterogeneous characterized by multiple vehicle types and non-lane based movement. Present study focuses on proposing a field procedure for Saturation flow measurement and the effect of typical mixed traffic behavior at the signal as far as non-lane based traffic movement is concerned. Data collected during peak and off-peak hour from five intersections with varying approach width is used for validating the saturation flow model. The insights from the study can be used for modeling saturation flow and delay at signalized intersection in heterogeneous traffic conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title="optimization">optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passenger%20car%20unit" title=" passenger car unit"> passenger car unit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation%20flow" title=" saturation flow"> saturation flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signalized%20intersection" title=" signalized intersection"> signalized intersection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63968/field-saturation-flow-measurement-using-dynamic-passenger-car-unit-under-mixed-traffic-condition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63968.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5337</span> Saturation Misbehavior and Field Activation of the Mobility in Polymer-Based OTFTs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Giraudet">L. Giraudet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Simonetti"> O. Simonetti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20de%20Tournadre"> G. de Tournadre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Dumeli%C3%A9"> N. Dumelié</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Clarenc"> B. Clarenc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Reisdorffer"> F. Reisdorffer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper we intend to give a comprehensive view of the saturation misbehavior of thin film transistors (TFTs) based on disordered semiconductors, such as most organic TFTs, and its link to the field activation of the mobility. Experimental evidence of the field activation of the mobility is given for disordered semiconductor based TFTs, when reducing the gate length. Saturation misbehavior is observed simultaneously. Advanced transport models have been implemented in a quasi-2D numerical TFT simulation software. From the numerical simulations it is clearly established that field activation of the mobility alone cannot explain the saturation misbehavior. Evidence is given that high longitudinal field gradient at the drain end of the channel is responsible for an excess charge accumulation, preventing saturation. The two combined effects allow reproducing the experimental output characteristics of short channel TFTs, with S-shaped characteristics and saturation failure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobility%20field%20activation" title="mobility field activation">mobility field activation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OTFT" title=" OTFT"> OTFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation%20failure" title=" saturation failure "> saturation failure </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19411/saturation-misbehavior-and-field-activation-of-the-mobility-in-polymer-based-otfts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19411.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">520</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5336</span> Blood Oxygen Saturation Measurement System Using Broad-Band Light Source with LabVIEW Program</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myoung%20Ah%20Kim">Myoung Ah Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Ho%20Sin"> Dong Ho Sin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chul%20Gyu%20Song"> Chul Gyu Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Blood oxygen saturation system is a well-established, noninvasive photoplethysmographic method to monitor vital signs. Conventional blood oxygen saturation measurements for the two LED light source is the ambiguity of the oxygen saturation measurement principle and the measurement results greatly influenced and heat and motion artifact. A high accuracy in order to solve these problems blood oxygen saturation measuring method has been proposed using a broadband light source that can be easily understood by the algorithm. The measurement of blood oxygen saturation based on broad-band light source has advantage of simple testing facility and easy understanding. Broadband light source based on blood oxygen saturation measuring program proposed in this paper is a combination of LabVIEW and MATLAB. Using the wavelength range of 450 nm-750 nm using a floating light absorption of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin to measure the blood oxygen saturation. Hand movement is to fix the probe to the motor stage in order to prevent oxygen saturation measurement that affect the sample and probe kept constant interval. Experimental results show that the proposed method noticeably increases the accuracy and saves time compared with the conventional methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20saturation" title="oxygen saturation">oxygen saturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broad-band%20light%20source" title=" broad-band light source"> broad-band light source</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CCD" title=" CCD"> CCD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20reflectance%20theory" title=" light reflectance theory"> light reflectance theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40627/blood-oxygen-saturation-measurement-system-using-broad-band-light-source-with-labview-program" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40627.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">459</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5335</span> FPGA Based Vector Control of PM Motor Using Sliding Mode Observer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20Mikhael%20Dawood">Hanan Mikhael Dawood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afaneen%20Anwer%20Abood%20Al-Khazraji"> Afaneen Anwer Abood Al-Khazraji </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper presents an investigation of field oriented control strategy of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) based on hardware in the loop simulation (HIL) over a wide speed range. A sensorless rotor position estimation using sliding mode observer for permanent magnet synchronous motor is illustrated considering the effects of magnetic saturation between the d and q axes. The cross saturation between d and q axes has been calculated by finite-element analysis. Therefore, the inductance measurement regards the saturation and cross saturation which are used to obtain the suitable id-characteristics in base and flux weakening regions. Real time matrix multiplication in Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) using floating point number system is used utilizing Quartus-II environment to develop FPGA designs and then download these designs files into development kit. dSPACE DS1103 is utilized for Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) switching and the controller. The hardware in the loop results conducted to that from the Matlab simulation. Various dynamic conditions have been investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20saturation" title="magnetic saturation">magnetic saturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotor%20position%20estimation" title=" rotor position estimation"> rotor position estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20mode%20observer" title=" sliding mode observer"> sliding mode observer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardware%20in%20the%20loop%20%28HIL%29" title=" hardware in the loop (HIL)"> hardware in the loop (HIL)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18977/fpga-based-vector-control-of-pm-motor-using-sliding-mode-observer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18977.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">528</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5334</span> Behavior of Clay effect on Electrical Parameter of Reservoir Rock Using Global Hydraulic Elements (GHEs) Approach </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noreddin%20Mousa">Noreddin Mousa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this study is to estimate which type of clay minerals that more effect on saturation exponent using Global Hydraulic Elements (GHEs) approach to estimating the distribution of saturation exponent factor. Two wells and seven core samples have been selected from various (GHEs) for detailed study. There are many factors affecting saturation exponent such as wettability, grain pattern pressure of certain authigenic clays, which may promote oil wet characteristics of history of fluid displacement. The saturation exponent is related to the texture and affected by wettability and clay minerals. Capillary pressure (mercury injection) has been used to confirm GHEs which are selected to define rock types; the porous plate method is used to derive the saturation exponent in the laboratory. The petrography is very important in order to study the mineralogy and texture. In this study the results showing excellent relation between saturation exponent and the type of clay minerals which was observed that the Global Hydraulic Elements GHE-2 and GHE-5 which are containing Chlorite is more affect on saturation exponent comparing with the other GHE’s. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GHEs" title="GHEs">GHEs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wettability" title=" wettability"> wettability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20hydraulic%20elements" title=" global hydraulic elements"> global hydraulic elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petrography" title=" petrography "> petrography </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3162/behavior-of-clay-effect-on-electrical-parameter-of-reservoir-rock-using-global-hydraulic-elements-ghes-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3162.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5333</span> Effect of Traffic Composition on Delay and Saturation Flow at Signal Controlled Intersections</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arpita%20Saha">Arpita Saha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Apoorv%20Jain"> Apoorv Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satish%20Chandra"> Satish Chandra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indrajit%20Ghosh"> Indrajit Ghosh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Level of service at a signal controlled intersection is directly measured from the delay. Similarly, saturation flow rate is a fundamental parameter to measure the intersection capacity. The present study calculates vehicle arrival rate, departure rate, and queue length for every five seconds interval in each cycle. Based on the queue lengths, the total delay of the cycle has been calculated using Simpson’s 1/3rd rule. Saturation flow has been estimated in terms of veh/hr of green/lane for every five seconds interval of the green period until at least three vehicles are left to cross the stop line. Vehicle composition shows an immense effect on total delay and saturation flow rate. The increase in two-wheeler proportion increases the saturation flow rate and reduces the total delay per vehicle significantly. Additionally, an increase in the heavy vehicle proportion reduces the saturation flow rate and increases the total delay for each vehicle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delay" title="delay">delay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation%20flow" title=" saturation flow"> saturation flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signalised%20intersection" title=" signalised intersection"> signalised intersection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20composition" title=" vehicle composition"> vehicle composition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62341/effect-of-traffic-composition-on-delay-and-saturation-flow-at-signal-controlled-intersections" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62341.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5332</span> Effect of Compaction and Degree of Saturation on the Unconsolidated Undrained Shear Strength of Sandy Clay</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatima%20Mehmood">Fatima Mehmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Farooq"> Khalid Farooq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabeea%20Bakhtawer"> Rabeea Bakhtawer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For geotechnical engineers, one of the most important properties of soil to consider in various stability analyses is its shear strength which is governed by a number of factors. The objective of this research is to ascertain the effect of compaction and degree of saturation on the shear strength of fine-grained soil. For this purpose, three different dry densities such as in-situ, maximum standard proctor, and maximum modified proctor, were determined for the sandy clay soil. The soil samples were then prepared to keep dry density constant and varying degrees of saturation. These samples were tested for (UU) unconsolidated undrained shear strength in triaxial compression tests. The decrease in shear strength was observed with the decrease in density and increase in the saturation. The values of the angle of internal friction followed the same trend. However, the change in cohesion with the increase in saturation showed a different behavior, analogous to the compaction curve. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compaction" title="compaction">compaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degree%20of%20saturation" title=" degree of saturation"> degree of saturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20density" title=" dry density"> dry density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geotechnical%20investigation" title=" geotechnical investigation"> geotechnical investigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laboratory%20testing" title=" laboratory testing"> laboratory testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20strength" title=" shear strength"> shear strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112365/effect-of-compaction-and-degree-of-saturation-on-the-unconsolidated-undrained-shear-strength-of-sandy-clay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112365.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5331</span> Parallel Self Organizing Neural Network Based Estimation of Archie’s Parameters and Water Saturation in Sandstone Reservoir</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20M.%20Hamada">G. M. Hamada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Al-Gathe"> A. A. Al-Gathe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Al-Khudafi"> A. M. Al-Khudafi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Determination of water saturation in sandstone is a vital question to determine the initial oil or gas in place in reservoir rocks. Water saturation determination using electrical measurements is mainly on Archie’s formula. Consequently accuracy of Archie’s formula parameters affects water saturation values rigorously. Determination of Archie’s parameters a, m, and n is proceeded by three conventional techniques, Core Archie-Parameter Estimation (CAPE) and 3-D. This work introduces the hybrid system of parallel self-organizing neural network (PSONN) targeting accepted values of Archie’s parameters and, consequently, reliable water saturation values. This work focuses on Archie’s parameters determination techniques; conventional technique, CAPE technique, and 3-D technique, and then the calculation of water saturation using current. Using the same data, a hybrid parallel self-organizing neural network (PSONN) algorithm is used to estimate Archie’s parameters and predict water saturation. Results have shown that estimated Arche’s parameters m, a, and n are highly accepted with statistical analysis, indicating that the PSONN model has a lower statistical error and higher correlation coefficient. This study was conducted using a high number of measurement points for 144 core plugs from a sandstone reservoir. PSONN algorithm can provide reliable water saturation values, and it can supplement or even replace the conventional techniques to determine Archie’s parameters and thereby calculate water saturation profiles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20saturation" title="water saturation">water saturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Archie%E2%80%99s%20parameters" title=" Archie’s parameters"> Archie’s parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title=" artificial intelligence"> artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSONN" title=" PSONN"> PSONN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sandstone%20reservoir" title=" sandstone reservoir"> sandstone reservoir</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149641/parallel-self-organizing-neural-network-based-estimation-of-archies-parameters-and-water-saturation-in-sandstone-reservoir" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149641.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5330</span> Variability in Saturation Flow and Traffic Performance at Urban Signalized Intersection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20N.%20Salini">P. N. Salini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Anish%20Kini"> B. Anish Kini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ashalatha"> R. Ashalatha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> At signalized intersections with heterogeneous traffic, the percentage share of different vehicle categories have a bearing on the inter-vehicle space utilization, which eventually impacts the saturation flow. This paper analyzed the impact of the percentage share of various vehicle categories in the traffic stream on the saturation flow at signalized intersections by video graphing major intersections with varying geometry in Kerala, India. It was found that as the percentage share of two-wheelers increases, the saturation flow at signalized intersections increases and vice-versa for the percentage share of cars. The effect of bus blockage and parking maneuvers on the saturation flow were also studied. As the distance of bus blockage increases from the stop line, the effect on the saturation flow decreases, while with more buses stopping at the same bus stop, the saturation flow reduces further. The study revealed that with higher kerbside parking maneuvers on the upstream, the saturation flow reduces, and with an increase in the distance of the parking maneuver from the stop line, the effect on the saturation flow decreases. The adjustment factors for bus blockage due to bus stops within 75m downstream and parking maneuvers within 75m upstream of the intersection have been established for mixed traffic conditions. These adjustment factors could empower the urban planners, enforcement personnel and decision-makers to estimate the reduction in the capacity of signalized intersections for suggesting improvements in the form of parking restrictions/ bus stop relocation for existing intersections or make design changes for planned intersections. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signalized%20intersection" title="signalized intersection">signalized intersection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation%20flow" title=" saturation flow"> saturation flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adjustment%20factors" title=" adjustment factors"> adjustment factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacity" title=" capacity"> capacity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131466/variability-in-saturation-flow-and-traffic-performance-at-urban-signalized-intersection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131466.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5329</span> Oil Displacement by Water in Hauterivian Sandstone Reservoir of Kashkari Oil Field</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20J.%20Nazari">A. J. Nazari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Honma"> S. Honma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper evaluates oil displacement by water in Hauterivian sandstone reservoir of Kashkari oil field in North of Afghanistan. The core samples of this oil field were taken out from well No-21<sup>st</sup>, and the relative permeability and fractional flow are analyzed. Steady state flow laboratory experiments are performed to empirically obtain the fractional flow curves and relative permeability in different water saturation ratio. The relative permeability represents the simultaneous flow behavior in the reservoir. The fractional flow approach describes the individual phases as fractional of the total flow. The fractional flow curve interprets oil displacement by water, and from the tangent of fractional flow curve can find out the average saturation behind the water front flow saturation. Therefore, relative permeability and fractional flow curves are suitable for describing the displacement of oil by water in a petroleum reservoir. The effects of irreducible water saturation, residual oil saturation on the displaceable amount of oil are investigated through Buckley-Leveret analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractional%20flow" title="fractional flow">fractional flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20displacement" title=" oil displacement"> oil displacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relative%20permeability" title=" relative permeability"> relative permeability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simultaneously%20flow" title=" simultaneously flow"> simultaneously flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59190/oil-displacement-by-water-in-hauterivian-sandstone-reservoir-of-kashkari-oil-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59190.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5328</span> Power MOSFET Models Including Quasi-Saturation Effect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelghafour%20Galadi">Abdelghafour Galadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, accurate power MOSFET models including quasi-saturation effect are presented. These models have no internal node voltages determined by the circuit simulator and use one JFET or one depletion mode MOSFET transistors controlled by an “effective” gate voltage taking into account the quasi-saturation effect. The proposed models achieve accurate simulation results with an average error percentage less than 9%, which is an improvement of 21 percentage points compared to the commonly used standard power MOSFET model. In addition, the models can be integrated in any available commercial circuit simulators by using their analytical equations. A description of the models will be provided along with the parameter extraction procedure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20MOSFET" title="power MOSFET">power MOSFET</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drift%20layer" title=" drift layer"> drift layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quasi-saturation%20effect" title=" quasi-saturation effect"> quasi-saturation effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPICE%20model" title=" SPICE model"> SPICE model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54686/power-mosfet-models-including-quasi-saturation-effect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54686.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5327</span> A Method to Saturation Modeling of Synchronous Machines in d-q Axes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Arbi%20Khlifi">Mohamed Arbi Khlifi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badr%20M.%20Alshammari"> Badr M. Alshammari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses the general methods to saturation in the steady-state, two axis (d & q) frame models of synchronous machines. In particular, the important role of the magnetic coupling between the d-q axes (cross-magnetizing phenomenon), is demonstrated. For that purpose, distinct methods of saturation modeling of dumper synchronous machine with cross-saturation are identified, and detailed models synthesis in d-q axes. A number of models are given in the final developed form. The procedure and the novel models are verified by a critical application to prove the validity of the method and the equivalence between all developed models is reported. Advantages of some of the models over the existing ones and their applicability are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-magnetizing" title="cross-magnetizing">cross-magnetizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=models%20synthesis" title=" models synthesis"> models synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synchronous%20machine" title=" synchronous machine"> synchronous machine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturated%20modeling" title=" saturated modeling"> saturated modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state-space%20vectors" title=" state-space vectors"> state-space vectors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31947/a-method-to-saturation-modeling-of-synchronous-machines-in-d-q-axes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5326</span> Development of Soft-Core System for Heart Rate and Oxygen Saturation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caje%20F.%20Pinto">Caje F. Pinto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jivan%20S.%20Parab"> Jivan S. Parab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gourish%20M.%20Naik"> Gourish M. Naik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is about the development of non-invasive heart rate and oxygen saturation in human blood using Altera NIOS II soft-core processor system. In today's world, monitoring oxygen saturation and heart rate is very important in hospitals to keep track of low oxygen levels in blood. We have designed an Embedded System On Peripheral Chip (SOPC) reconfigurable system by interfacing two LED’s of different wavelengths (660 nm/940 nm) with a single photo-detector to measure the absorptions of hemoglobin species at different wavelengths. The implementation of the interface with Finger Probe and Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) was carried out using NIOS II soft-core system running on Altera NANO DE0 board having target as Cyclone IVE. This designed system is used to monitor oxygen saturation in blood and heart rate for different test subjects. The designed NIOS II processor based non-invasive heart rate and oxygen saturation was verified with another Operon Pulse oximeter for 50 measurements on 10 different subjects. It was found that the readings taken were very close to the Operon Pulse oximeter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heart%20rate" title="heart rate">heart rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NIOS%20II" title=" NIOS II"> NIOS II</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20saturation" title=" oxygen saturation"> oxygen saturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoplethysmography" title=" photoplethysmography"> photoplethysmography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft-core" title=" soft-core"> soft-core</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SOPC" title=" SOPC"> SOPC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82788/development-of-soft-core-system-for-heart-rate-and-oxygen-saturation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82788.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5325</span> Current Status of Nitrogen Saturation in the Upper Reaches of the Kanna River, Japan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakura%20Yoshii">Sakura Yoshii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masakazu%20Abe"> Masakazu Abe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akihiro%20Iijima"> Akihiro Iijima</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nitrogen saturation has become one of the serious issues in the field of forest environment. The watershed protection forests located in the downwind hinterland of Tokyo Metropolitan Area are believed to be facing nitrogen saturation. In this study, we carefully focus on the balance of nitrogen between load and runoff. Annual nitrogen load via atmospheric deposition was estimated to 461.1 t-N/year in the upper reaches of the Kanna River. Annual nitrogen runoff to the forested headwater stream of the Kanna River was determined to 184.9 t-N/year, corresponding to 40.1% of the total nitrogen load. Clear seasonal change in NO3-N concentration was still observed. Therefore, watershed protection forest of the Kanna River is most likely to be in Stage-1 on the status of nitrogen saturation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atmospheric%20deposition" title="atmospheric deposition">atmospheric deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20accumulation" title=" nitrogen accumulation"> nitrogen accumulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=denitrification" title=" denitrification"> denitrification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20ecosystems" title=" forest ecosystems"> forest ecosystems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3246/current-status-of-nitrogen-saturation-in-the-upper-reaches-of-the-kanna-river-japan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3246.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5324</span> Factors Affecting Special Core Analysis Resistivity Parameters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Sbiga">Hassan Sbiga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Laboratory measurements methods were undertaken on core samples selected from three different fields (A, B, and C) from the Nubian Sandstone Formation of the central graben reservoirs in Libya. These measurements were conducted in order to determine the factors which affect resistivity parameters, and to investigate the effect of rock heterogeneity and wettability on these parameters. This included determining the saturation exponent (n) in the laboratory at two stages. The first stage was before wettability measurements were conducted on the samples, and the second stage was after the wettability measurements in order to find any effect on the saturation exponent. Another objective of this work was to quantify experimentally pores and porosity types (macro- and micro-porosity), which have an affect on the electrical properties, by integrating capillary pressure curves with other routine and special core analysis. These experiments were made for the first time to obtain a relation between pore size distribution and saturation exponent n. Changes were observed in the formation resistivity factor and cementation exponent due to ambient conditions and changes of overburden pressure. The cementation exponent also decreased from GHE-5 to GHE-8. Changes were also observed in the saturation exponent (n) and water saturation (Sw) before and after wettability measurement. Samples with an oil-wet tendency have higher irreducible brine saturation and higher Archie saturation exponent values than samples with an uniform water-wet surface. The experimental results indicate that there is a good relation between resistivity and pore type depending on the pore size. When oil begins to penetrate micro-pore systems in measurements of resistivity index versus brine saturation (after wettability measurement), a significant change in slope of the resistivity index relationship occurs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=part%20of%20thesis" title="part of thesis">part of thesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cementation" title=" cementation"> cementation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wettability" title=" wettability"> wettability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistivity" title=" resistivity"> resistivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3160/factors-affecting-special-core-analysis-resistivity-parameters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3160.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5323</span> Analyzing Current Transformers Saturation Characteristics for Different Connected Burden Using LabVIEW Data Acquisition Tool</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Subedi">D. Subedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Pradhan"> S. Pradhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current transformers are an integral part of power system because it provides a proportional safe amount of current for protection and measurement applications. However when the power system experiences an abnormal situation leading to huge current flow, then this huge current is proportionally injected to the protection and metering circuit. Since the protection and metering equipment’s are designed to withstand only certain amount of current with respect to time, these high currents pose a risk to man and equipment. Therefore during such instances, the CT saturation characteristics have a huge influence on the safety of both man and equipment and also on the reliability of the protection and metering system. This paper shows the effect of burden on the Accuracy Limiting factor/ Instrument security factor of current transformers and also the change in saturation characteristics of the CT’s. The response of the CT to varying levels of overcurrent at different connected burden will be captured using the data acquisition software LabVIEW. Analysis is done on the real time data gathered using LabVIEW. Variation of current transformer saturation characteristics with changes in burden will be discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accuracy%20limiting%20factor" title="accuracy limiting factor">accuracy limiting factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=burden" title=" burden"> burden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20transformer" title=" current transformer"> current transformer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instrument%20security%20factor" title=" instrument security factor"> instrument security factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation%20characteristics" title=" saturation characteristics"> saturation characteristics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37462/analyzing-current-transformers-saturation-characteristics-for-different-connected-burden-using-labview-data-acquisition-tool" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37462.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5322</span> Determination of Lithology, Porosity and Water Saturation for Mishrif Carbonate Formation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20S.%20Kadhim">F. S. Kadhim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Samsuri"> A. Samsuri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Alwan"> H. Alwan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Well logging records can help to answer many questions from a wide range of special interested information and basic petrophysical properties to formation evaluation of oil and gas reservoirs. The accurate calculations of porosity in carbonate reservoirs are the most challenging aspects of well log analysis. Many equations have been developed over the years based on known physical principles or on empirically derived relationships, which are used to calculate porosity, estimate lithology and water saturation; however these parameters are calculated from well logs by using modern technique in a current study. Nasiriya (NS) oilfield is one of giant oilfields in the Middle East, and the formation under study is the Mishrif carbonate formation which is the shallowest hydrocarbon bearing zone in the NS oilfield. Neurolog software (V5, 2008) was used to digitize the scanned copies of the available logs. Environmental corrections had been made as per Schlumberger charts 2005, which supplied in the Interactive Petrophysics software (IP, V3.5, 2008). Three saturation models have been used to calculate water saturation of carbonate formations, which are simple Archie equation, Dual water model, and Indonesia model. Results indicate that the Mishrif formation consists mainly of limestone, some dolomite and shale. The porosity interpretation shows that the logging tools have a good quality after making the environmental corrections. The average formation water saturation for Mishrif formation is around 0.4-0.6.This study is provided accurate behavior of petrophysical properties with depth for this formation by using modern software. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithology" title="lithology">lithology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porosity" title=" porosity"> porosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20saturation" title=" water saturation"> water saturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbonate%20formation" title=" carbonate formation"> carbonate formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mishrif%20formation" title=" mishrif formation"> mishrif formation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27926/determination-of-lithology-porosity-and-water-saturation-for-mishrif-carbonate-formation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27926.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">373</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5321</span> Effects of Moisture on Fatigue Behavior of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures Using Four-Point Bending Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohit%20Chauhan">Mohit Chauhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atul%20Narayan"> Atul Narayan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Moisture damage is the continuous deterioration of asphalt concrete mixtures by the loss of adhesive bond between the asphalt binder and aggregates, or loss of cohesive bonds within the asphalt binder in the presence of moisture. Moisture has been known to either cause or exacerbates distresses in asphalt concrete pavements. Since moisture would often retain for a relatively long duration at the bottom of asphalt concrete layer, the movement of traffic loading in this saturated condition would cause excess stresses or strains within the mixture. This would accelerate the degradation of the adhesion and cohesion within the mixture and likely to contribute the development of fatigue cracking in asphalt concrete pavements. In view of this, it is important to investigate the effect of moisture on the fatigue behavior of asphalt concrete mixtures. In this study, changes in fatigue characteristics after moisture conditioning were evaluated by conducting four-point beam fatigue tests on dry and moisture conditioned specimens. For this purpose, mixtures with two different types of binders were prepared and saturated with moisture using 700 mm Hg vacuum. Beam specimens, in this way, were taken to a saturation level of 65-75 percent. After preconditioning specimens in this degree of saturation and 60°C for a period of 24 hours, they were subjected to four point beam fatigue tests in strain-controlled mode with a strain amplitude of 400 microstrain. The results were then compared with the fatigue test results obtained with beam specimens that were not subjected to moisture conditioning. Test results show that the conditioning reduces both fatigue life and initial flexural stiffness of specimen significantly. The moisture conditioning was also found to increase the rate of reduction of flexural stiffness. Moreover, it was observed that the fatigue life ratio (FLR), the ratio of the fatigue life of the moisture conditioned sample to that of the dry sample, is significantly lower than the flexural stiffness ratio (FSR). The study indicates that four-point bending test is an appropriate tool with FLR and FSR as the potential parameters for moisture-sensitivity evaluation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asphalt%20concrete" title="asphalt concrete">asphalt concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatigue%20cracking" title=" fatigue cracking"> fatigue cracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20damage" title=" moisture damage"> moisture damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preconditioning" title=" preconditioning"> preconditioning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95512/effects-of-moisture-on-fatigue-behavior-of-asphalt-concrete-mixtures-using-four-point-bending-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95512.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5320</span> Derivation of a Risk-Based Level of Service Index for Surface Street Network Using Reliability Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang-Jen%20Lan">Chang-Jen Lan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current Level of Service (LOS) index adopted in Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) for signalized intersections on surface streets is based on the intersection average delay. The delay thresholds for defining LOS grades are subjective and is unrelated to critical traffic condition. For example, an intersection delay of 80 sec per vehicle for failing LOS grade F does not necessarily correspond to the intersection capacity. Also, a specific measure of average delay may result from delay minimization, delay equality, or other meaningful optimization criteria. To that end, a reliability version of the intersection critical degree of saturation (v/c) as the LOS index is introduced. Traditionally, the level of saturation at a signalized intersection is defined as the ratio of critical volume sum (per lane) to the average saturation flow (per lane) during all available effective green time within a cycle. The critical sum is the sum of the maximal conflicting movement-pair volumes in northbound-southbound and eastbound/westbound right of ways. In this study, both movement volume and saturation flow are assumed log-normal distributions. Because, when the conditions of central limit theorem obtain, multiplication of the independent, positive random variables tends to result in a log-normal distributed outcome in the limit, the critical degree of saturation is expected to be a log-normal distribution as well. Derivation of the risk index predictive limits is complex due to the maximum and absolute value operators, as well as the ratio of random variables. A fairly accurate functional form for the predictive limit at a user-specified significant level is yielded. The predictive limit is then compared with the designated LOS thresholds for the intersection critical degree of saturation (denoted as X <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability%20analysis" title="reliability analysis">reliability analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=level%20of%20service" title=" level of service"> level of service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intersection%20critical%20degree%20of%20saturation" title=" intersection critical degree of saturation"> intersection critical degree of saturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20based%20index" title=" risk based index"> risk based index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112749/derivation-of-a-risk-based-level-of-service-index-for-surface-street-network-using-reliability-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112749.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5319</span> Effect of Oil Viscosity and Brine Salinity/Viscosity on Water/Oil Relative Permeability and Residual Saturations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sami%20Aboujafar">Sami Aboujafar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Oil recovery in petroleum reservoirs is greatly affected by fluid-rock and fluid-fluid interactions. These interactions directly control rock wettability, capillary pressure and relative permeability curves. Laboratory core-floods and centrifuge experiments were conducted on sandstone and carbonate cores to study the effect of low and high brine salinity and viscosity and oil viscosity on residual saturations and relative permeability. Drainage and imbibition relative permeability in two phase system were measured, refined lab oils with different viscosities, heavy and light, and several brine salinities were used. Sensitivity analysis with different values for the salinity and viscosity of the fluids,, oil and water, were done to investigate the effect of these properties on water/oil relative permeability, residual oil saturation and oil recovery. Experiments were conducted on core material from viscous/heavy and light oil fields. History matching core flood simulator was used to study how the relative permeability curves and end point saturations were affected by different fluid properties using several correlations. Results were compared with field data and literature data. The results indicate that there is a correlation between the oil viscosity and/or brine salinity and residual oil saturation and water relative permeability end point. Increasing oil viscosity reduces the Krw@Sor and increases Sor. The remaining oil saturation from laboratory measurements might be too high due to experimental procedures, capillary end effect and early termination of the experiment, especially when using heavy/viscous oil. Similarly the Krw@Sor may be too low. The effect of wettability on the observed results is also discussed. A consistent relationship has been drawn between the fluid parameters, water/oil relative permeability and residual saturations, and a descriptor may be derived to define different flow behaviors. The results of this work will have application to producing fields and the methodologies developed could have wider application to sandstone and carbonate reservoirs worldwide. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=history%20matching%20core%20flood%20simulator" title="history matching core flood simulator">history matching core flood simulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20recovery" title=" oil recovery"> oil recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relative%20permeability" title=" relative permeability"> relative permeability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residual%20saturations" title=" residual saturations "> residual saturations </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59783/effect-of-oil-viscosity-and-brine-salinityviscosity-on-wateroil-relative-permeability-and-residual-saturations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59783.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5318</span> Slip Suppression Sliding Mode Control with Various Chattering Functions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shun%20Horikoshi">Shun Horikoshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tohru%20Kawabe"> Tohru Kawabe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presents performance analysis results of SMC (Sliding mode control) with changing the chattering functions applied to slip suppression problem of electric vehicles (EVs). In SMC, chattering phenomenon always occurs through high frequency switching of the control inputs. It is undesirable phenomenon and degrade the control performance, since it causes the oscillations of the control inputs. Several studies have been conducted on this problem by introducing some general saturation function. However, study about whether saturation function was really best and the performance analysis when using the other functions, weren’t being done so much. Therefore, in this paper, several candidate functions for SMC are selected and control performance of candidate functions is analyzed. In the analysis, evaluation function based on the trade-off between slip suppression performance and chattering reduction performance is proposed. The analyses are conducted in several numerical simulations of slip suppression problem of EVs. Then, we can see that there is no difference of employed candidate functions in chattering reduction performance. On the other hand, in slip suppression performance, the saturation function is excellent overall. So, we conclude the saturation function is most suitable for slip suppression sliding mode control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20mode%20control" title="sliding mode control">sliding mode control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chattering%20function" title=" chattering function"> chattering function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicle" title=" electric vehicle"> electric vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slip%20suppression" title=" slip suppression"> slip suppression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20analysis" title=" performance analysis"> performance analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75656/slip-suppression-sliding-mode-control-with-various-chattering-functions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75656.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5317</span> Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO) Modeling as a Tool for Seismic Reservoir Characterization of the Semliki Basin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hillary%20Mwongyera">Hillary Mwongyera</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Semliki basin has become a frontier for petroleum exploration in recent years. Exploration efforts have resulted into extensive seismic data acquisition and drilling of three wells namely; Turaco 1, Turaco 2 and Turaco 3. A petrophysical analysis of the Turaco 1 well was carried out to identify two reservoir zones on which AVO modeling was performed. A combination of seismic modeling and rock physics modeling was applied during reservoir characterization and monitoring to determine variations of seismic responses with amplitude characteristics. AVO intercept gradient analysis applied on AVO synthetic CDP gathers classified AVO anomalies associated with both reservoir zones as Class 1 AVO anomalies. Fluid replacement modeling was carried out on both reservoir zones using homogeneous mixing and patchy saturation patterns to determine effects of fluid substitution on rock property interactions. For both homogeneous mixing and saturation patterns, density (ρ) showed an increasing trend with increasing brine substitution while Shear wave velocity (Vs) decreased with increasing brine substitution. A study of compressional wave velocity (Vp) with increasing brine substitution for both homogeneous mixing and patchy saturation gave quite interesting results. During patchy saturation, Vp increased with increasing brine substitution. During homogeneous mixing however, Vp showed a slightly decreasing trend with increasing brine substitution but increased tremendously towards and at full brine saturation. A sensitivity analysis carried out showed that density was a very sensitive rock property responding to brine saturation except at full brine saturation during homogeneous mixing where Vp showed greater sensitivity with brine saturation. Rock physics modeling was performed to predict diagnostics of reservoir quality using an inverse deterministic approach which showed low shale content and a high degree of shale stiffness within reservoir zones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amplitude%20Versus%20Offset%20%28AVO%29" title="Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO)">Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid%20replacement%20modelling" title=" fluid replacement modelling"> fluid replacement modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reservoir%20characterization" title=" reservoir characterization"> reservoir characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AVO%20attributes" title=" AVO attributes"> AVO attributes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rock%20physics%20modelling" title=" rock physics modelling"> rock physics modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reservoir%20monitoring" title=" reservoir monitoring"> reservoir monitoring</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14925/amplitude-versus-offset-avo-modeling-as-a-tool-for-seismic-reservoir-characterization-of-the-semliki-basin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14925.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">531</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5316</span> A Robust Model Predictive Control for a Photovoltaic Pumping System Subject to Actuator Saturation Nonlinearity and Parameter Uncertainties: A Linear Matrix Inequality Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofiane%20Bououden">Sofiane Bououden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilyes%20Boulkaibet"> Ilyes Boulkaibet</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a robust model predictive controller (RMPC) for uncertain nonlinear system under actuator saturation is designed to control a DC-DC buck converter in PV pumping application, where this system is subject to actuator saturation and parameter uncertainties. The considered nonlinear system contains a linear constant part perturbed by an additive state-dependent nonlinear term. Based on the saturating actuator property, an appropriate linear feedback control law is constructed and used to minimize an infinite horizon cost function within the framework of linear matrix inequalities. The proposed approach has successfully provided a solution to the optimization problem that can stabilize the nonlinear plants. Furthermore, sufficient conditions for the existence of the proposed controller guarantee the robust stability of the system in the presence of polytypic uncertainties. In addition, the simulation results have demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed control scheme. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV%20pumping%20system" title="PV pumping system">PV pumping system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DC-DC%20buck%20converter" title=" DC-DC buck converter"> DC-DC buck converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robust%20model%20predictive%20controller" title=" robust model predictive controller"> robust model predictive controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20system" title=" nonlinear system"> nonlinear system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=actuator%20saturation" title=" actuator saturation"> actuator saturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20matrix%20inequality" title=" linear matrix inequality"> linear matrix inequality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141317/a-robust-model-predictive-control-for-a-photovoltaic-pumping-system-subject-to-actuator-saturation-nonlinearity-and-parameter-uncertainties-a-linear-matrix-inequality-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141317.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5315</span> Effect of Saturation and Deformation Rate on Split Tensile Strength for Various Sedimentary Rocks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20K.%20Soni">D. K. Soni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A study of engineering properties of stones, i.e. compressive strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, density, hardness were carried out to explore the possibility of optimum utilization of stone. The laboratory test results on equally dimensioned discs of the stone show a considerable variation in computed split tensile strength with varied rates of deformation. Hence, the effect of strain rate on the tensile strength of a sand stone and lime stone under wet and dry conditions has been studied experimentally using the split tensile strength test technique. It has been observed that the tensile strength of these stone is very much dependent on the rate of deformation particularly in a dry state. On saturation the value of split tensile strength reduced considerably depending upon the structure of rock and amount of water absorption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sedimentary%20rocks" title="sedimentary rocks">sedimentary rocks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=split%20tensile%20test" title=" split tensile test"> split tensile test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deformation%20rate" title=" deformation rate"> deformation rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation%20rate" title=" saturation rate"> saturation rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand%20stone" title=" sand stone"> sand stone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lime%20stone" title=" lime stone"> lime stone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7251/effect-of-saturation-and-deformation-rate-on-split-tensile-strength-for-various-sedimentary-rocks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7251.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5314</span> Sensitivity Assessment of Spectral Salinity Indices over Desert Sabkha of Western UAE</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rubab%20Ammad">Rubab Ammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelgadir%20Abuelgasim"> Abdelgadir Abuelgasim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> UAE typically lies in one of the aridest regions of the world and is thus home to geologic features common to such climatic conditions including vast open deserts, sand dunes, saline soils, inland Sabkha and coastal Sabkha. Sabkha are characteristic salt flats formed in arid environment due to deposition and precipitation of salt and silt over sand surface because of low laying water table and rates of evaporation exceeding rates of precipitation. The study area, which comprises of western UAE, is heavily concentrated with inland Sabkha. Remote sensing is conventionally used to study the soil salinity of agriculturally degraded lands but not so broadly for Sabkha. The focus of this study was to identify these highly saline Sabkha areas on remotely sensed data, using salinity indices. The existing salinity indices in the literature have been designed for agricultural soils and they have not frequently used the spectral response of short-wave infra-red (SWIR1 and SWIR2) parts of electromagnetic spectrum. Using Landsat 8 OLI data and field ground truthing, this study formulated indices utilizing NIR-SWIR parts of spectrum and compared the results with existing salinity indices. Most indices depict reasonably good relationship between salinity and spectral index up until a certain value of salinity after which the reflectance reaches a saturation point. This saturation point varies with index. However, the study findings suggest a role of incorporating near infra-red and short-wave infra-red in salinity index with a potential of showing a positive relationship between salinity and reflectance up to a higher salinity value, compared to rest. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabkha" title="Sabkha">Sabkha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salinity%20index" title=" salinity index"> salinity index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saline%20soils" title=" saline soils"> saline soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Landsat%208" title=" Landsat 8"> Landsat 8</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWIR1" title=" SWIR1"> SWIR1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWIR2" title=" SWIR2"> SWIR2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UAE%20desert" title=" UAE desert"> UAE desert</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77468/sensitivity-assessment-of-spectral-salinity-indices-over-desert-sabkha-of-western-uae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77468.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5313</span> Recovery of Petroleum Reservoir by Waterflooding Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zabihullah%20Mahdi">Zabihullah Mahdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khwaja%20Naweed%20Seddiqi"> Khwaja Naweed Seddiqi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shigeo%20Honma"> Shigeo Honma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Through many types of research and practical studies, it has been identified that the average oil recovery factor of a petroleum reservoir is about 30 to 35 %. This study is focused on enhanced oil recovery by laboratory experiment and graphical investigation based on Buckley-Leverett theory. Horizontal oil displacement by water, in a petroleum reservoir is analyzed under the Buckley-Leverett frontal displacement theory. The extraction and prerequisite of this theory are based and pursued focusing on the key factors that control displacement. The theory is executable to the waterflooding method, which is generally employed in petroleum engineering reservoirs to sustain oil production recovery, and the techniques for evaluating the average water saturation behind the water front and the oil recovery factors in the reservoirs are presented. In this paper, the Buckley-Leverett theory handled to an experimental model and the amount of recoverable oil are investigated to be over 35%. The irreducible water saturation, viz. connate water saturation, in the reservoir is also a significant inspiration for the recovery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buckley-Leverett%20theory" title="Buckley-Leverett theory">Buckley-Leverett theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waterflooding%20technique" title=" waterflooding technique"> waterflooding technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petroleum%20engineering" title=" petroleum engineering"> petroleum engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immiscible%20displacement" title=" immiscible displacement"> immiscible displacement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59677/recovery-of-petroleum-reservoir-by-waterflooding-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59677.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5312</span> Industrial Rock Characterization using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): A Case Study of Ewekoro Quarry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olawale%20Babatunde%20Olatinsu">Olawale Babatunde Olatinsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deborah%20Oluwaseun%20Olorode"> Deborah Oluwaseun Olorode</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Industrial rocks were collected from a quarry site at Ewekoro in south-western Nigeria and analysed using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique. NMR measurement was conducted on the samples in partial water-saturated and full brine-saturated conditions. Raw NMR data were analysed with the aid of T2 curves and T2 spectra generated by inversion of raw NMR data using conventional regularized least-squares inversion routine. Results show that NMR transverse relaxation (T2) signatures fairly adequately distinguish between the rock types. Similar T2 curve trend and rates at partial saturation suggests that the relaxation is mainly due to adsorption of water on micropores of similar sizes while T2 curves at full saturation depict relaxation decay rate as: 1/T2(shale)>1/ T2(glauconite)>1/ T2(limestone) and 1/T2(sandstone). NMR T2 distributions at full brine-saturation show: unimodal distribution in shale; bimodal distribution in sandstone and glauconite; and trimodal distribution in limestone. Full saturation T2 distributions revealed the presence of well-developed and more abundant micropores in all the samples with T2 in the range, 402-504 μs. Mesopores with amplitudes much lower than those of micropores are present in limestone, sandstone and glauconite with T2 range: 8.45-26.10 ms, 6.02-10.55 ms, and 9.45-13.26 ms respectively. Very low amplitude macropores of T2 values, 90.26-312.16 ms, are only recognizable in limestone samples. Samples with multiple peaks showed well-connected pore systems with sandstone having the highest degree of connectivity. The difference in T2 curves and distributions for the rocks at full saturation can be utilised as a potent diagnostic tool for discrimination of these rock types found at Ewekoro. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ewekoro" title="Ewekoro">Ewekoro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NMR%20techniques" title=" NMR techniques"> NMR techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20rocks" title=" industrial rocks"> industrial rocks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title=" characterization"> characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relaxation" title=" relaxation"> relaxation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2789/industrial-rock-characterization-using-nuclear-magnetic-resonance-nmr-a-case-study-of-ewekoro-quarry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2789.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5311</span> O2 Saturation Comparison Between Breast Milk Feeding and Tube Feeding in Very Low Birth Weight Neonates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashraf%20Mohammadzadeh">Ashraf Mohammadzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Shah%20Farhat"> Ahmad Shah Farhat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azin%20Vaezi"> Azin Vaezi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aradokht%20Vaezi"> Aradokht Vaezi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background & Aim: Preterm infants born at less than 34 weeks postconceptional age are not as neurologically mature as their term counterparts and thus have difficulty coordinating sucking, swallowing and breathing. As a result, they are traditionally gavage fed until they are able to oral feed successfully. The aim of study was to evaluate comparative effect of orogastric and breast feeding on oxygen saturation in very low birth weight infant (<1500gm). Patients and Methods: In this clinical trial all babies admitted in the Neonatal Research Center of Imamreza Hospital, Mashhad during a 4 months period were elected. Criteria for entrance to study included birth weight ≤ 1500 grams, exclusive breastfeeding, having no special problem after 48 hours, receivinge only routine care and intake of milk was 100cc/kg/day. Each neonate received two rounds of orogastric and breast feeding in the morning and in the afternoon, during which mean oxygen saturation was measured by pulse-oxymetry. During the study the heart rate and temperature of the neonates were monitored, and in case of hypothermia, bradycardia(less than 100 per minute) or apnea the feeding was discontinued and the study was repeated the following day. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS. Results: Fifty neonates were studied. The average birth weight was 1267.20±165.42 grams and average gestational age was 31.81±1.92 and female/male ratio was 1.2. There was no significant statistical difference in arterial oxygen saturation in orogastric and breast feeding in the morning and in the afternoon. (p=0.16 in the morning and p=0.6 in the afternoon). There was no complication of apnea, hypothermia or bradycardia. Conclusion: There was no significant statistical difference between the two methods in arterial oxygen saturation. It seems that oral feeding (which is a natural route) and skin contact between the mother and neonate causes a strong emotional bonding between the two and brings about better social adaptation for the neonate. Also shorter period of stay in hospital is more preferred, and breast feeding should be started at the earliest possible time after birth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Very%20low%20birth%20weight%20%28V.L.B.W%29" title="Very low birth weight (V.L.B.W)">Very low birth weight (V.L.B.W)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O2%20Saturation" title=" O2 Saturation"> O2 Saturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Breast%20Feeding" title=" Breast Feeding"> Breast Feeding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tube%20Feeding" title=" Tube Feeding"> Tube Feeding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162000/o2-saturation-comparison-between-breast-milk-feeding-and-tube-feeding-in-very-low-birth-weight-neonates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162000.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation%20point&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation%20point&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation%20point&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation%20point&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation%20point&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation%20point&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation%20point&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation%20point&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation%20point&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation%20point&page=177">177</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation%20point&page=178">178</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saturation%20point&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>