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Sharafat</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Shaheen Sharafat"> <meta name="keywords" content="Shaheen Sharafat"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Shaheen Sharafat"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 35</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Shaheen Sharafat</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Shaheen Bagh Protests: Women, Public Spaces, Citizenship and Dissent</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priyanka%20Joshi">Priyanka Joshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper traces the evolving relationship between women, public spaces, and citizenship and dissent by analyzing acts of dissent led by women. The paper outlines this relationship in the context of the protests held in Shaheen Bagh, Delhi against the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), National Registry of Citizens (NRC), and National Population Register (NPR) in 2019. Additionally, the paper aims to explore how the multiple identities of the protestors in Shaheen Bagh affected the nature, implications, and responses to the protests. To do so, the paper will analyze three key areas in relationship with women, namely, public spaces, citizenship, and dissent. In doing so, it will examine the gendered access to public spaces and its implications on the realization of one’s citizenship rights. Moreover, it will explore the historical notions of citizenship, its contemporary understanding, the exclusionary nature of citizenship, and the conflict between community rights and individual rights with respect to women’s rights. In context of dissent, it will evaluate the understanding of dissent and trace the difference in the experience of dissent based on gender by reviewing social movements led and maintained by women. This paper will utilize secondary data to explore the questions it poses. This includes a study of books and journal articles in conjunction with media reports concerning gender, public spaces, citizenship, and dissent. It will apply an intersectional lens in its analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citizenship" title="citizenship">citizenship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissent" title=" dissent"> dissent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20spaces" title=" public spaces"> public spaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaheen%20Bagh" title=" Shaheen Bagh"> Shaheen Bagh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title=" women"> women</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137388/shaheen-bagh-protests-women-public-spaces-citizenship-and-dissent" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137388.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Serosurveillance of Measles Virus amongst Vaccinated Children of a Rural Population of Sindh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeb%20Hussain">Zeb Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Asif%20Qureshi"> Muhammad Asif Qureshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaheen%20Sharafat"> Shaheen Sharafat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Measles is a contagious viral infection common in childhood. Vaccination against measles is included in the expanded program of immunization (EPI). However, and alarmingly, a high mortality rate is observed due to measles infection in Pakistan. Moreover a recent outbreak of measles in various areas of Pakistan further highlights the problem. It is therefore important to investigate measles specific IgG (antibody) levels in our population. Objective: To quantify measles specific IgG antibodies amongst vaccinated children in district Qamber Shahdadkot, Sindh. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Microbiology section of the Dow-Diagnostic-Research-and-Reference-Laboratory (DDRRL), DUHS after Institutional Review Board approval (IRB-516/DUHS/-14) during August-December-2014. A total of 173 participants (residents of district Qamber Shahdadkot, Sindh) aged between 1-5 years were recruited in the study. Blood samples were collected as per standard phlebotomy guidelines. Blood was stored at 4 °C overnight. Samples were subsequently spun at a speed of 10000rpm to separate sera, which were divided into small aliquots to be frozen at -20 °C. Frozen sera were transported to the DDRRL on dry ice. Measles specific IgG (antibody) titers were quantified using enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Results: Blood was collected from a total of 173 individuals ranging between 1-5 years of age. Of these, a total of 88 participants were males and 85 were females. Of the 173 investigated samples, only 53 (30.6%) showed protective IgG titers against measles while 120 (69%) were sero-negative. Measles specific IgG antibodies titers were higher in female participants compared to the males. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that a substantial percentage of vaccinated children in district Qamber-Shahdadkot did not have protective antibody titres against measles. It is therefore extremely important to investigate measles specific IgG levels in various parts of Pakistan in order to implement appropriate protective measures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sero-surveillance" title="sero-surveillance">sero-surveillance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measles" title=" measles"> measles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccinated%20children" title=" vaccinated children"> vaccinated children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40818/serosurveillance-of-measles-virus-amongst-vaccinated-children-of-a-rural-population-of-sindh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40818.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Khaya Cellulose Supported Copper Nanoparticles for Chemo Selective Aza-Michael Reactions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Shaheen%20Sarkar">M. Shaheen Sarkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Lutfor%20Rahman"> M. Lutfor Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mashitah%20Mohd%20Yusoff"> Mashitah Mohd Yusoff</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We prepared a highly active Khaya cellulose supported poly(hydroxamic acid) copper nanoparticles by the surface modification of Khaya cellulose through graft co-polymerization and subsequently amidoximation. The Cu-nanoparticle (0.05 mol% to 50 mol ppm) was selectively promoted Aza-Michael reaction of aliphatic amines to give the corresponding alkylated products at room temperature in methanol. The supported nanoparticle was easy to recover and reused seven times without significance loss of its activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aza-Michael" title="Aza-Michael">Aza-Michael</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper" title=" copper"> copper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose" title=" cellulose"> cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poly%28hydroxamic%20acid%29" title=" poly(hydroxamic acid)"> poly(hydroxamic acid)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48532/khaya-cellulose-supported-copper-nanoparticles-for-chemo-selective-aza-michael-reactions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48532.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Tourism Industry in Pakistan: Challenges Faced and Future Prospects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Misbah%20Shaheen">Misbah Shaheen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anam%20Qureshi"> Anam Qureshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work we will discuss the challenges faced by tourism industry in Pakistan. Tourism plays vital role in the socio-economic growth of a country. The countries of world, with less tourism opportunities are lagging behind from other nations of the world. Pakistan is one of those countries which rich in historical places, natural beauty, and uniqueness in handmade items and also of green forests. Present study will discuss the challenges being faced by tourism industry with special focus on hotel industry and law and order situation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism" title=" tourism"> tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=handmade%20items" title=" handmade items"> handmade items</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hotel%20industry" title=" hotel industry"> hotel industry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25780/tourism-industry-in-pakistan-challenges-faced-and-future-prospects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> An Analytic Comparison between Arabic and English Prosodies: Poetical Feet and Meters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamil%20Jafari">Jamil Jafari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharafat%20Karimi"> Sharafat Karimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Arabic Language has a complicated system of prosody invented by the great grammarian Khalil Ibn Ahmad Farahidi. He could extract 15 meters out of his innovative five circles, which were used in Arabic poetry of the 7th and 8th centuries. Then after a while, his student Akhfash added or compensated another meter to his tutor's meters, so overall, we now have 16 different meters in Arabic poetry. These meters have been formed by various combinations of 8 different feet and each foot is combined of rudimentary units called Sabab and Wated which are combinations of movement (/) and silent (ʘ) letters. On the other hand in English, we are dealing with another system of metrical prosody. In this language, feet are consisted of stressed and unstressed syllables and are of six types: iamb, trochee, dactyl, anapest, spondee, and pyrrhic. Using the descriptive-analytic method, in this research we aim at making a comparison between Arabic and English systems of metrical prosody to investigate their similarities and differences. The results show that both of them are quantitative and both of them rely on syllables in afoot. But unlike Arabic, English is utilizing another rhyme system and the number of feet in a line differs from Arabic; also, its feet are combined of stressed and unstressed syllables, while those of Arabic is a combination of movement and silent letters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic%20prosody" title="Arabic prosody">Arabic prosody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20prosody" title=" English prosody"> English prosody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foot" title=" foot"> foot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meter" title=" meter"> meter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poetry" title=" poetry"> poetry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109020/an-analytic-comparison-between-arabic-and-english-prosodies-poetical-feet-and-meters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109020.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Dissatisfaction as a Cause of Social Uprisings: An Empirical Analysis Utilizing the Social Uprisings Composite Indicator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sondos%20Shaheen">Sondos Shaheen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper employs a newly constructed composite indicator of social uprisings (SUCI) to analyze the causes of their occurrence. This empirical study is based on an unbalanced panel of 45 countries over the period of 1982–2007. The paper’s contribution to the literature is distinguishing between the causes of violent and nonviolent uprisings. The analysis shows that that certain variables have a significant impact on both violent and nonviolent uprisings in terms of relative SUCI values, for example, ethnic fractionalization and mountainous terrain. Nevertheless, differences between the causes of violent and nonviolent uprisings can be found. For example, life dissatisfaction is related to nonviolent social uprisings, but when life dissatisfaction is accompanied by democratic dissatisfaction, violent social uprisings are more likely. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20uprisings" title="social uprisings">social uprisings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relative%20deprivation" title=" relative deprivation"> relative deprivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissatisfaction" title=" dissatisfaction"> dissatisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobilization" title=" mobilization"> mobilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-government%20movements" title=" anti-government movements"> anti-government movements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=causes" title=" causes"> causes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61723/dissatisfaction-as-a-cause-of-social-uprisings-an-empirical-analysis-utilizing-the-social-uprisings-composite-indicator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Nuclear Decay Data Evaluation for 217Po</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20Nafee">S. S. Nafee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Al-Ramady"> A. M. Al-Ramady</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Shaheen"> S. A. Shaheen </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Evaluated nuclear decay data for the 217Po nuclide ispresented in the present work. These data include recommended values for the half-life T1/2, α-, β--, and γ-ray emission energies and probabilities. Decay data from 221Rn α and 217Bi β—decays are presented. Q(α) has been updated based on the recent published work of the Atomic Mass Evaluation AME2012. In addition, the logft values were calculated using the Logft program from the ENSDF evaluation package. Moreover, the total internal conversion electrons has been calculated using Bricc program. Meanwhile, recommendation values or the multi-polarities have been assigned based on recently measurement yield a better intensity balance at the 254 keV and 264 keV gamma transitions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nuclear%20decay%20data%20evaluation" title="nuclear decay data evaluation">nuclear decay data evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20evaluation" title=" mass evaluation"> mass evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20converison%20coefficients" title=" total converison coefficients"> total converison coefficients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atomic%20mass%20evaluation" title=" atomic mass evaluation"> atomic mass evaluation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26981/nuclear-decay-data-evaluation-for-217po" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Financial Instruments of Islamic Banking: A Critical Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rukhsana%20Shaheen">Rukhsana Shaheen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahira%20Ifraq">Tahira Ifraq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Interest based transactions led the advent of Islamic banking. In order to provide an alternative to Interest based banking, financial transactions found in classical books of fiqh were employed. Musharakah, Mudarabah, Murabahah Salam, Ijara, and some other modes were adopted. These modes were modified so that they can be adopted for banking and satisfy the needs of customers. Since the inception of Islamic banking, these modes are being used and with the passage of time, are being molded and experimented with to cater different kinds of customers and requirements. Human efforts cannot be errorless. These modes too bear legal defects which need an in-depth scrutiny and refinement. The aim of this paper is to dig the basis and rulings of these modes in classical books of fiqh and analyze its modification and adoption in Islamic banking and the legal defects that these modes are bearing. Paper will prove itself fruitful by providing remedies for the legal defects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20instruments" title="financial instruments">financial instruments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal%20defects" title=" legal defects"> legal defects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remedies" title=" remedies"> remedies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20banking" title=" Islamic banking"> Islamic banking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4375/financial-instruments-of-islamic-banking-a-critical-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4375.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Normal Meniscal Extrusion Using Ultrasonography during the Different Range of Motion Running Head: Sonography for Meniscal Extrusion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arash%20Sharafat%20Vaziri">Arash Sharafat Vaziri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leila%20Aghaghazvini"> Leila Aghaghazvini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soodeh%20Jahangiri"> Soodeh Jahangiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Tahami"> Mohammad Tahami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roham%20Borazjani"> Roham Borazjani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Naghi%20Tahmasebi"> Mohammad Naghi Tahmasebi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Rabie"> Hamid Rabie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hesan%20Jelodari%20Mamaghani"> Hesan Jelodari Mamaghani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fardis%20Vosoughi"> Fardis Vosoughi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Salimi"> Maryam Salimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aims: It is essential to know the normal extrusion measures in order to detect pathological ones. In this study, we aimed to define some normal reference values for meniscal extrusion in the normal knees during different ranges of motion. Methods: The amount of anterior and posterior portion of meniscal extrusion among twenty-one asymptomatic volunteers (42 knees) were tracked at 0, 45, and 90 degrees of knee flexion using an ultrasound machine. The repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to show the interaction between the amounts of meniscal extrusion and the different degrees of knee flexion. Result: The anterior portion of the lateral menisci at full knee extension (0.59±1.40) and the posterior portion of the medial menisci during 90° flexion (3.06±2.36) showed the smallest and the highest mean amount of extrusion, respectively. The normal average amounts of anterior extrusion were 1.12± 1.17 mm and 0.99± 1.34 mm for medial and lateral menisci, respectively. The posterior meniscal normal extrusions were significantly increasing in both medial and lateral menisci during the survey (F= 20.250 and 11.298; both P-values< 0.001) as they were measured at 2.37± 2.16 mm and 1.53± 2.18 mm in order. Conclusion: The medial meniscus can extrude 1.74± 1.84 mm normally, while this amount was 1.26± 1.82 mm for the lateral meniscus. These measures commonly increased with the rising of knee flexion motion. Likewise, the posterior portion showed more extrusion than the anterior portion on both sides. These measures commonly increased with higher knee flexion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meniscal%20extrusion" title="meniscal extrusion">meniscal extrusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonography" title=" ultrasonography"> ultrasonography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knee" title=" knee"> knee</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154526/normal-meniscal-extrusion-using-ultrasonography-during-the-different-range-of-motion-running-head-sonography-for-meniscal-extrusion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154526.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Multi-Criteria Decision Support System for Modeling of Civic Facilities Using GIS Applications: A Case Study of F-11, Islamabad</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20Shaheen%20Hashmi">Asma Shaheen Hashmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omer%20Riaz"> Omer Riaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Mahmood"> Khalid Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahad%20Ullah"> Fahad Ullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanveer%20Ahmad"> Tanveer Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The urban landscapes are being change with the population growth and advancements in new technologies. The urban sprawl pattern and utilizes are related to the local socioeconomic and physical condition. Urban policy decisions are executed mostly through spatial planning. A decision support system (DSS) is very powerful tool which provides flexible knowledge base method for urban planning. An application was developed using geographical information system (GIS) for urban planning. A scenario based DSS was developed to integrate the hierarchical muti-criteria data of different aspects of urban landscape. These were physical environment, the dumping site, spatial distribution of road network, gas and water supply lines, and urban watershed management, selection criteria for new residential, recreational, commercial and industrial sites. The model provided a framework to incorporate the sustainable future development. The data can be entered dynamically by planners according to the appropriate criteria for the management of urban landscapes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban" title="urban">urban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial" title=" spatial"> spatial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criteria" title=" criteria"> criteria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1532/multi-criteria-decision-support-system-for-modeling-of-civic-facilities-using-gis-applications-a-case-study-of-f-11-islamabad" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1532.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">637</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> An Analytical Study on the Impact of Cultural and Literary Heritage on the Contemporary Arabic Novel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharafat%20Karimi">Sharafat Karimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamil%20Jafari"> Jamil Jafari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The impact of Western Literature on other nations' pieces of literature (including Arabic) has caused critics to ignore the importance of Arabic cultural & literary heritage in the formation of contemporary Arabic fiction; but on the contrary, an important part of literary genres in any society, especially fiction has been formed in the past and depends on ancient literary events. The current paper, utilizing the descriptive-analytical method and by means of library studies, tries to challenge those critics who regard Western Literature as the only effective factor on the appearance of Arabic fiction. Furthermore, this research tries to find out effective Islamic-Arabic elements on the development of Arabic novel by the investigation of some fictional works. The results show that in addition to regarding Western literature as an important factor, Arab novelists have applied their heritage, culture, and ancient history, either written or orally transmitted to the current generation, in their innovations. Among great historical works containing moral stories, allegorical legends, myths, tales of heroes, and folklore, we can refer to Arabian Nights, Kalila & Dimna, romantic stories, historical puzzles, history of Islam, history of ancient Egypt, Maqama, and Quranic stories. Famous novels like 'Hadith Isa ibn-Hisham', 'Layali Alif Layla', 'Abas al-Aqdar', 'Radoubis', 'Ahlam Shahrzad, and 'Alam Bela Kharaet' were compiled on the basis of ancient literary heritage not only in the theme but also in the structure; so one can conclude that the ancient literary-cultural heritage and Islamic-Arabian history have been influential on Arabic novel appearance and development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arabic%20fictional%20literature" title="Arabic fictional literature">Arabic fictional literature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title=" culture"> culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heritage" title=" heritage"> heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=history" title=" history"> history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language" title=" language"> language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=novel" title=" novel"> novel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109383/an-analytical-study-on-the-impact-of-cultural-and-literary-heritage-on-the-contemporary-arabic-novel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109383.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Interior Design Pedagogy in the 21st Century: Personalised Design Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roba%20Zakariah%20Shaheen">Roba Zakariah Shaheen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the 21st-century Interior, design pedagogy has developed rapidly due to social and economical factors. Socially, this paper presents research findings that shows a significant relationship between educators and students in interior design education. It shows that students’ personal traits, design process, and thinking process are significantly interrelated. Constructively, this paper presented how personal traits can guide educators in the interior design education domain to develop students’ thinking process. In the same time, it demonstrated how students should use their own personal traits to create their own design process. Constructivism was the theory underneath this research, as it supports the grounded theory, which is the methodological approach of this research. Moreover, Mayer’s Briggs Type Indicator strategy was used to investigate the personality traits scientifically, as a psychological strategy that related to cognitive ability. Conclusions from this research strongly recommends that educators and students should utilize their personal traits to foster interior design education. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interior%20design" title="interior design">interior design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedagogy" title=" pedagogy"> pedagogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constructivism" title=" constructivism"> constructivism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grounded%20theory" title=" grounded theory"> grounded theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personality%20traits" title=" personality traits"> personality traits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creativity" title=" creativity"> creativity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139918/interior-design-pedagogy-in-the-21st-century-personalised-design-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139918.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Klotho Level as a Marker of Low Bone Mineral Density in Egyptian Sickle Cell Disease Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20Hamdy">Mona Hamdy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iman%20Shaheen"> Iman Shaheen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadeel%20Seif%20Eldin"> Hadeel Seif Eldin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basma%20Ali"> Basma Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omnia%20Abdeldayem"> Omnia Abdeldayem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Summary: Bone involvement of sickle cell disease (SCD) patients varies from acute clinical manifestations of painful vaso-occlusive crises or osteomyelitis to more chronic affection of bone mineral density (BMD) and debilitating osteonecrosis and osteoporosis. Secreted klotho protein is involved in calcium (Ca) reabsorption in the kidney. This study aimed to measure serum klotho levels in children with SCD to determine the possibility of using it as a marker of low BMD in children with SCD in correlation with a dual-energy radiograph absorptiometry scan. This study included 60 sickle disease patients and 30 age-matched and sex-matched control participants without SCD. A highly statistically significant difference was found between patients with normal BMD and those with low BMD, with serum Ca and klotho levels being lower in the latter group. Klotho serum level correlated positively with both serum Ca and BMD. Serum klotho level showed 94.9% sensitivity and 95.2% specificity in the detection of low BMD. Both serum Ca and klotho serum levels may be useful markers for detection of low BMD related to SCD with high sensitivity and specificity; however, klotho may be a better indicator as it is less affected by the nutritional and endocrinal status of patients or by intake of Ca supplements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sickle%20cell%20disease" title="sickle cell disease">sickle cell disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BMD" title=" BMD"> BMD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osteoporosis" title=" osteoporosis"> osteoporosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DEXA" title=" DEXA"> DEXA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=klotho" title=" klotho"> klotho</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158427/klotho-level-as-a-marker-of-low-bone-mineral-density-in-egyptian-sickle-cell-disease-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158427.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Critical Discourse Analysis of Political TV Talk Show of Pakistani Media </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumaira%20Saleem">Sumaira Saleem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajjad%20Hussain"> Sajjad Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20Kashif%20Shahzad"> Asma Kashif Shahzad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hina%20Shaheen"> Hina Shaheen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims at exploring the relationship between language and ideology and how such relationships are represented in the analysis of spoken texts, following Van Dijk’s Socio Cognitive Model (2002). In this study, it is tried to show that political Talk shows broadcast by Private TV channels are working apparatuses of ideology and store meanings which are not always obvious for readers. This analysis was about the situation created by Arslan Iftkhar, the son of ex-Chief Justice of Pakistan, Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudry and PTI Chief Imran Khan. Arslan Iftikhar submitted an application against Imran Khan that he is not able to become a member of parliament of Pakistan. In the application, he demanded the documents, which are submitted by Imran Khan at the time of Election to the Election Commission of Pakistan. Murad Ali from PTI also submitted an application against PM Nawaz Sharif to the Election Commission of Pakistan for providing the copies. It also suggests that these talk shows mystify the agency of processes by using various strategies. In other words, critical text analyses reveal how these choices enable speakers to manipulate the realizations of agency and power in the representation of action to produce particular meanings which are not always explicit for all readers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ECP" title="ECP">ECP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CDA" title=" CDA"> CDA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio%20cognitive%20model" title=" socio cognitive model"> socio cognitive model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ideology" title=" ideology"> ideology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TV%20channels" title=" TV channels"> TV channels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power" title=" power"> power</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17046/critical-discourse-analysis-of-political-tv-talk-show-of-pakistani-media" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17046.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">737</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Parental Perceptions and Practices toward Childhood Asthma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amani%20K.%20Abu-Shaheen">Amani K. Abu-Shaheen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Nofal"> Abdullah Nofal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Humariya%20Heena"> Humariya Heena</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Parental perceptions and practices are important for improving the asthma outcomes in children; indeed, evidence shows that parents of asthmatic children harbor considerable misperceptions of the disease. Objective: To identify the prevalence of asthma and to investigate the perceptions and practices of parents toward asthma and its management in Saudi children. Methods: A two-stage cross-sectional survey of 2000 parents of children aged 3–15 years from schools located in all five districts of Riyadh province located in central Saudi Arabia, was conducted. Data collection was accomplished using a self-administered questionnaire based on information obtained from the literature. Results: Of 1450 children whose parents participated in the study, 600 had asthma, dyspnea, or chest allergy. The overall number of children with parental reports of ever having been diagnosed with asthma was 478 (32.9%). The majority of parents (321, 53.5%) believed that asthma was a hereditary disease. Of these parents, 361 (60.3%) were concerned about side effects of inhaled steroids, and 192 (32%) about development of dependency on asthma medications. Three hundred sixty seven (61.2%) parents reported that they could treat the asthma attack at home and almost 76% of parents went to pediatric emergency department during asthma attack. Conclusions: In this study, the overall prevalence of children whose parents reported that they were diagnosed with asthma was high (32.9%). Furthermore, parents of children with asthma had misperceptions regarding asthma and exhibited ineffective practices in its management. To improve asthma care and compliance, adequate education should be provided to parents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asthma" title="asthma">asthma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parents" title=" parents"> parents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20life" title=" quality of life"> quality of life</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45901/parental-perceptions-and-practices-toward-childhood-asthma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45901.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Evaluation of Drilling Performance through Bit-Rock Interaction Using Passive Vibration Assisted Rotation Drilling (PVARD) Tool </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Shaheen%20Shah">Md. Shaheen Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelsalam%20Abugharara"> Abdelsalam Abugharara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dipesh%20Maharjan"> Dipesh Maharjan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Imtiaz"> Syed Imtiaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20Butt"> Stephen Butt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drilling performance is an essential goal in petroleum and mining industry. Drilling rate of penetration (ROP), which is inversely proportional to the mechanical specific energy (MSE) is influenced by numerous factors among which are the applied parameter: torque (T), weight on bit (WOB), fluid flow rate, revolution per minute (rpm), rock related parameters: rock type, rock homogeneousness, rock anisotropy orientation, and mechanical parameters: bit type, configuration of the bottom hole assembly (BHA). This paper is focused on studying the drilling performance by implementing a passive vibration assisted rotary drilling tool (pVARD) as part of the BHA through using different bit types: coring bit, roller cone bit, and PDC bit and various rock types: rock-like material, granite, sandstone, etc. The results of this study aim to produce a pVARD index for optimal drilling performance considering the recommendations of the pVARD’s spring compression tests and stress-strain analysis of rock samples conducted prior to drilling experiments, analyzing the cutting size distribution, and evaluating the applied drilling parameters as a function of WOB. These results are compared with those obtained from drilling without pVARD, which represents the typical rigid BHA of the conventional drilling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BHA" title="BHA">BHA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drilling%20performance" title=" drilling performance"> drilling performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MSE" title=" MSE"> MSE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pVARD" title=" pVARD"> pVARD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rate%20of%20penetration" title=" rate of penetration"> rate of penetration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ROP" title=" ROP"> ROP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20and%20shear%20fractures" title=" tensile and shear fractures"> tensile and shear fractures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconfined%20compressive%20strength" title=" unconfined compressive strength"> unconfined compressive strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125086/evaluation-of-drilling-performance-through-bit-rock-interaction-using-passive-vibration-assisted-rotation-drilling-pvard-tool" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125086.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Future of E-Democracy in Polarized Politics and Role of Government with Perspective of E-Leadership in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kousar%20Shaheen">Kousar Shaheen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The electoral process of Pakistan always remains underestimated due to malpractices claimed by the political leaders. The democratic system relies on public decision, selectorial process, transparent arrangements made by public administration, and governance system. Political polarization plays a vital role in any democratic system, which depends upon the way of applying leadership capabilities. In modern societies, public engagement is playing a key role in changing political polarization and implementation of the newest technologies, e-leadership and e-governance to bring e-democracy. The Overseas Pakistanis are unable to cast their votes in the selectorial process of Pakistan. To align this issue with civil society, efforts were made to implement modernized services and facilities by intervening in the Supreme Court. However, the results were found insignificant because of ineffective citizen engagement, IT-based, governance and public administration. which proved that the shifting to advanced society is crucial in Pakistan due to the elected Officials of current democratic system. It is an empirical study to involve Pakistani nationals (overseas) in the democratic process by utilizing the digital facility of vote casting. The role of Government. The role of e-leadership in changing the political polarization for the implementation of e-election will be measured by collecting data from different sources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-democracy" title="e-democracy">e-democracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-leadership" title=" e-leadership"> e-leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20polarization" title=" political polarization"> political polarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20engagement" title=" public engagement"> public engagement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185667/future-of-e-democracy-in-polarized-politics-and-role-of-government-with-perspective-of-e-leadership-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185667.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">39</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Estimating Air Particulate Matter 10 Using Satellite Data and Analyzing Its Annual Temporal Pattern over Gaza Strip, Palestine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%D9%90Abdallah%20A.%20A.%20Shaheen">ِAbdallah A. A. Shaheen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gaza Strip faces economic and political issues such as conflict, siege and urbanization; all these have led to an increase in the air pollution over Gaza Strip. In this study, Particulate matter 10 (PM10) concentration over Gaza Strip has been estimated by Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data, based on a multispectral algorithm. Simultaneously, in-situ measurements for the corresponding particulate are acquired for selected time period. Landsat and ground data for eleven years are used to develop the algorithm while four years data (2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014) have been used to validate the results of algorithm. The developed algorithm gives highest regression, R coefficient value i.e. 0.86; RMSE value as 9.71 µg/m³; P values as 0. Average validation of algorithm show that calculated PM10 strongly correlates with measured PM10, indicating high efficiency of algorithm for the mapping of PM10 concentration during the years 2000 to 2014. Overall results show increase in minimum, maximum and average yearly PM10 concentrations, also presents similar trend over urban area. The rate of urbanization has been evaluated by supervised classification of the Landsat image. Urban sprawl from year 2000 to 2014 results in a high concentration of PM10 in the study area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PM10" title="PM10">PM10</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landsat" title=" landsat"> landsat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atmospheric%20reflectance" title=" atmospheric reflectance"> atmospheric reflectance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaza%20strip" title=" Gaza strip"> Gaza strip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization "> urbanization </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69422/estimating-air-particulate-matter-10-using-satellite-data-and-analyzing-its-annual-temporal-pattern-over-gaza-strip-palestine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69422.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Relations between Psychological Adjustment and Perceived Parental, Teacher and Best Friend Acceptance among Bangladeshi Adolescents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tariqul%20Islam">Tariqul Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaheen%20Mollah"> Shaheen Mollah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study's main objective is to assess the relationship between psychological adjustment and parental acceptance-rejection, teacher acceptance-rejection, and best friend acceptance-rejection among secondary school students. This study was conducted on a sample of 300 (6th through 10th-grade students) recruited from over ten schools in Dhaka. While the schools were selected purposively, the respondents within each school were selected conveniently. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson product-moment correlation, hierarchical regression, and simultaneous regression analysis. The results showed that psychological adjustment is positively correlated with paternal, maternal, teacher, and best friend acceptance. The paternal acceptance was significantly connected with maternal acceptance. The teacher and best friend acceptance are correlated substantially with paternal and maternal acceptance. The hierarchical multiple regressions indicated that maternal, paternal, teacher, and best friend acceptance-rejection contributed significantly to students' psychological adjustment. The results revealed substantial independent contributions of maternal, paternal, teacher, and best friend acceptance on the students' psychological adjustment. The simultaneous regression analysis indicates that the maternal and best friend acceptances (but not paternal acceptance) were significant predictors of psychological adjustments. It showed that 41.7% variability in psychological adjustment could be explained by paternal, maternal, and best friend acceptance. The findings of the present study are exciting. They may contribute to developing insight in parents and best friends for behaving properly with their offspring and friend, respectively, for better psychological adjustment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adjustment" title="adjustment">adjustment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parenting" title=" parenting"> parenting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rejection" title=" rejection"> rejection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acceptance" title=" acceptance"> acceptance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145696/relations-between-psychological-adjustment-and-perceived-parental-teacher-and-best-friend-acceptance-among-bangladeshi-adolescents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145696.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Simulation of Laser Structuring by Three Dimensional Heat Transfer Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bassim%20Shaheen%20Bachy">Bassim Shaheen Bachy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J%C3%B6rg%20Franke"> Jörg Franke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a three dimensional numerical heat transfer model has been used to simulate the laser structuring of polymer substrate material in the Three-Dimensional Molded Interconnect Device (3D MID) which is used in the advanced multi-functional applications. A finite element method (FEM) transient thermal analysis is performed using APDL (ANSYS Parametric Design Language) provided by ANSYS. In this model, the effect of surface heat source was modeled with Gaussian distribution, also the effect of the mixed boundary conditions which consist of convection and radiation heat transfers have been considered in this analysis. The model provides a full description of the temperature distribution, as well as calculates the depth and the width of the groove upon material removal at different set of laser parameters such as laser power and laser speed. This study also includes the experimental procedure to study the effect of laser parameters on the depth and width of the removal groove metal as verification to the modeled results. Good agreement between the experimental and the model results is achieved for a wide range of laser powers. It is found that the quality of the laser structure process is affected by the laser scan speed and laser power. For a high laser structured quality, it is suggested to use laser with high speed and moderate to high laser power. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20structuring" title="laser structuring">laser structuring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20modeling" title=" thermal modeling"> thermal modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12614/simulation-of-laser-structuring-by-three-dimensional-heat-transfer-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12614.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Clarification of Taxonomic Confusions among Adulterated Drugs Coffee Seena and Seena Weed through Systematic and Pharmaceutical Markers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shabnum%20Shaheen">Shabnum Shaheen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nida%20Haroon"> Nida Haroon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farah%20Khan"> Farah Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumera%20Javad"> Sumera Javad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehreen%20Jalal"> Mehreen Jalal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samina%20Sarwar"> Samina Sarwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Coffee Senna is pharmaceutically very important and used for multiple health disorders such as gastric pains, indigestion, snakebites, asthma and fever, tuberculosis and menstrual problems. However, its immense medicinal value and great demand lead to adulteration issue which could be injurious for users. Some times its adulterant Seena weed (Senna occidentalis L.) is used as its substitute which definitely not as effective as Coffee Senna. Hence, the present study was undertaken to provide some tools for systematic and pharmaceutical authentication of a shrubby plant Coffee Senna (Cassia occidentalis Linn.). These parameters included macro and micro morphological characters, anatomical and palynomorph characterization, solubility, fluorescence and phytochemical analysis. By the application of these parameters acquired results revealed that, these two plants are distinct from each other. The Coffee Seena was found to be an annual shrub with trilobed pollen, diacytic, paracytic and anisocytic stomata whereas the Seena weed stands out as an annual or perennial herb with spheroidal and circular pollen and paracytic type of stomata. The powdered drug of Coffee seena is dark grayish green whereas the powdered drug of Seena weed is light green in color. These findings are constructive in authentic identification of these plants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coffee%20senna" title="coffee senna">coffee senna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Senna%20weed" title=" Senna weed"> Senna weed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taxonomic%20evaluation" title=" taxonomic evaluation"> taxonomic evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pharmaceutical%20markers" title=" pharmaceutical markers"> pharmaceutical markers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47696/clarification-of-taxonomic-confusions-among-adulterated-drugs-coffee-seena-and-seena-weed-through-systematic-and-pharmaceutical-markers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47696.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">513</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Cloning and Functional Analysis of NtPIN1a Promoter Under Various Abiotic Stresses in Nicotiana Tabacum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zia%20Ullah">Zia Ullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Asim"> Muhammad Asim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shi%20Sujuan"> Shi Sujuan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rayyan%20Khan"> Rayyan Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aaqib%20Shaheen"> Aaqib Shaheen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LIU%20Haobao"> LIU Haobao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The plant-specific auxin efflux proteins PIN-FORMED (PIN) have been well depicted in many plant species for their essential roles in regulating the transport of auxins in several phases of plant growth. Little is known about the various functions of the PIN family genes in the Nicotiana tabacum (N. tabacum) species during plant growth. To define the expression pattern of the NtPIN1a gene under abiotic stresses and hormone treatment, transgenic tobacco with promoterNtPIN1a::GUS construct was employed. Comprehensive computational analyses of the NtPIN1a promoter confirmed the existence of common core promoter elements including CAAT-box, TATA-box, hormone, and abiotic stress-responsive elements such as ABRE, P-box, MYC, MYB, ARE, and GC-motifs. The transgenic plants with the promoter of NtPIN1a displayed a promising expression of β-glucuronidase (GUS) in germinating seeds, root tips, shoot-apex, and developing leaves under optimal conditions. While the differential expression of GUS in moderate salt, drought, low potassium stresses, and externally high auxin level at two different time points, suggested NtPIN1a played a key role in growth processes and the plants’ response to abiotic stresses. This analysis provides a foundation for more in-depth discoveries of the biological functions of NtPIN1a in Nicotiana species and this promoter may be employed in genetic engineering of other crops for enhanced stress tolerance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tobacco" title="tobacco">tobacco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nicotiana%20tabacum" title=" nicotiana tabacum"> nicotiana tabacum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pin" title=" pin"> pin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=promoter" title=" promoter"> promoter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GUS" title=" GUS"> GUS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abiotic%20stresses" title=" abiotic stresses"> abiotic stresses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auxin" title=" auxin"> auxin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156941/cloning-and-functional-analysis-of-ntpin1a-promoter-under-various-abiotic-stresses-in-nicotiana-tabacum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156941.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Writing Hybridized Narratives to Enact Scientific Literacy and the Myth of the Scientific Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajaz%20Shaheen">Ajaz Shaheen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jawaid%20Ahmed%20Siddqui"> Jawaid Ahmed Siddqui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This world has purely become scientific and technological, and therefore it demands more from our young learners to be more intellectual in learning sciences. A point of concern that is dragging the attention of educationists is that young learners are gradually detaching from science and scientific theory. To deal with this matter, we must arrange such engaging activities that may improve the imaginative skills of our young learners. Our ongoing research program highlights the effects of such activities that demand the learners to interpret scientific information in the form of text they possess. These mixed stories are also known as what we call BioStories. Learners upload their narratives on different websites to let their peers go through their manuscripts. That, as a result, brings more refinement to their works. Moreover, stories allow the learners to read, understand and learn on a broader spectrum. We have conducted separate studies with learners from Grades 6, 9, and 12 that involve case studies and quasi-experimental designs. The conclusion we drew from the analysis of Grade 6 learners was that the alignment of stories helped them become more familiar with the scientific issue. Not only this but also the learners of the respective grade built up their interest in the subject and also developed a clear understanding of related subject topics. On the other hand, results from the 8th and 9th grades study support the argument that learners reflected a positive attitude toward writing scientific information. Lastly, we concluded from the 12th-grade learners that they took pride in their writing skills and built up their strength, determination, and interest. The students became self-conscious as they wrote hybridized scientific narratives in science. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BioStories" title="BioStories">BioStories</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybridized%20writing" title=" hybridized writing"> hybridized writing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scientific%20literacy" title=" scientific literacy"> scientific literacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scientific%20method" title=" scientific method"> scientific method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161158/writing-hybridized-narratives-to-enact-scientific-literacy-and-the-myth-of-the-scientific-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161158.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Expression of Gro-El under Phloem-Specific Promoter Protects Transgenic Plants against Diverse Begomovirus-Beta Satellite Complex</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Yousaf%20Ali">Muhammad Yousaf Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahid%20Mansoor"> Shahid Mansoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javeria%20Qazi"> Javeria Qazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imran%20Amin"> Imran Amin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Musarrat%20Shaheen"> Musarrat Shaheen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) is the major threat to the cotton crop and is transmitted by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). Since multiple begomoviruses and associated satellites are involved in CLCuD, approaches based on the concept of broad-spectrum resistance are essential for effective disease control. Gro-El and G5 are two proteins from whitefly endosymbiont and M13 bacteriophage origin, respectively. Gro-El encapsulates the virus particle when it enters the whitefly and protects the virus from the immune system of the whitefly as well as prevents viral expression in it. This characteristic of Gro-El can be exploited to get resistance against viruses if expressed in plants. G5 is a single-stranded DNA binding protein, expression of which in transgenic plants will stop viral expression on its binding with ssDNA. The use of tissue-specific promoters is more efficient than constitutive promoters. Transgenics of Nicotiana benthamiana for Gro-El under constitutive promoter and Gro-El under phloem specific promoter were made. In comparison to non-transgenic plants, transgenic plants with Gro-El under NSP promoter showed promising results when challenged against cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV) along with cotton leaf curl Multan beta satellite (CLCuMB), cotton leaf curl Khokhran virus (CLCuKoV) along with cotton leaf curl Multan beta satellite (CLCuMB) and Pedilenthus leaf curl virus (PedLCV) along with Tobacco leaf curl beta satellite (TbLCB). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton%20leaf%20curl%20disease" title="cotton leaf curl disease">cotton leaf curl disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whitefly" title=" whitefly"> whitefly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endosymbionts" title=" endosymbionts"> endosymbionts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transgenic" title=" transgenic"> transgenic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance" title=" resistance"> resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149808/expression-of-gro-el-under-phloem-specific-promoter-protects-transgenic-plants-against-diverse-begomovirus-beta-satellite-complex" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149808.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Hepatoprotective Activity of Sharbat Deenar, against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazmul%20Huda">Nazmul Huda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashik%20Mosaddik"> Ashik Mosaddik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Awal"> Abdul Awal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shafiqur%20Rahman"> Shafiqur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rukhsana%20Shaheen"> Rukhsana Shaheen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustofa%20Nabi"> Mustofa Nabi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polyherbal formulation <em>Sharbat Deenar</em> is a very popular unani medicine in Bangladesh. It is usually used for different kinds of liver disorders. In absence of reliable and inadequate hepatoprotective agents in conventional medicine, the herbal preparations are preferred for liver diseases. The present study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of <em>Sharbat Deenar </em>on carbon tetrachloride (CCl<sub>4</sub>) induced hepatotoxicity in male Long-Evans albino rats. Group I served as normal control and received neither formulation nor carbon tetrachloride. Group II received only CCl<sub>4</sub> 1mL/kg body weight of rat intraperitoneally for consecutive 14 days. Group III received CCl<sub>4</sub> 1mL/kg body weight of rat intraperitoneally and <em>Silymarin</em>, in dose 50mg/kg body weight of rat orally. Group IV received CCl<sub>4</sub> 1mL/kg body weight of rat intraperitoneally and <em>Sharbat Deenar </em>1mL/kg body weight of rat for the same 14 consecutive days. At the end of the study, hepatoprotective activity was evaluated by the levels of total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Histopathological study of rat liver was also carried out. The results showed that polyherbal formulation <em>Sharbat Deenar </em>exhibited a significant hepatoprotective effect. Such an outcome seems to be the synergistic effect of all ingredients of tested herbal formulation. Although this study suggests that <em>Sharbat Deenar </em>may be used to cure or minimize various liver diseases, it needs further study to attain the clarity of mechanism and safety. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyherbal%20formulation" title="polyherbal formulation">polyherbal formulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sharbat%20deenar" title=" sharbat deenar"> sharbat deenar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20tetrachloride" title=" carbon tetrachloride"> carbon tetrachloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silymarin" title=" silymarin"> silymarin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatoprotective" title=" hepatoprotective"> hepatoprotective</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16695/hepatoprotective-activity-of-sharbat-deenar-against-carbon-tetrachloride-induced-hepatotoxicity-in-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16695.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">550</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Geostatistical Simulation of Carcinogenic Industrial Effluent on the Irrigated Soil and Groundwater, District Sheikhupura, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20Shaheen">Asma Shaheen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javed%20Iqbal"> Javed Iqbal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The water resources are depleting due to an intrusion of industrial pollution. There are clusters of industries including leather tanning, textiles, batteries, and chemical causing contamination. These industries use bulk quantity of water and discharge it with toxic effluents. The penetration of heavy metals through irrigation from industrial effluent has toxic effect on soil and groundwater. There was strong positive significant correlation between all the heavy metals in three media of industrial effluent, soil and groundwater (P < 0.001). The metal to the metal association was supported by dendrograms using cluster analysis. The geospatial variability was assessed by using geographically weighted regression (GWR) and pollution model to identify the simulation of carcinogenic elements in soil and groundwater. The principal component analysis identified the metals source, 48.8% variation in factor 1 have significant loading for sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) of tannery effluent-based process. In soil and groundwater, the metals have significant loading in factor 1 representing more than half of the total variation with 51.3 % and 53.6 % respectively which showed that pollutants in soil and water were driven by industrial effluent. The cumulative eigen values for the three media were also found to be greater than 1 representing significant clustering of related heavy metals. The results showed that heavy metals from industrial processes are seeping up toxic trace metals in the soil and groundwater. The poisonous pollutants from heavy metals turned the fresh resources of groundwater into unusable water. The availability of fresh water for irrigation and domestic use is being alarming. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater" title="groundwater">groundwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geostatistical" title=" geostatistical"> geostatistical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20effluent" title=" industrial effluent"> industrial effluent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76014/geostatistical-simulation-of-carcinogenic-industrial-effluent-on-the-irrigated-soil-and-groundwater-district-sheikhupura-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76014.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Levansucrase from Zymomonas Mobilis KIBGE-IB14: Production Optimization and Characterization for High Enzyme Yield</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sidra%20Shaheen">Sidra Shaheen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadir%20Naveed%20Siddiqui"> Nadir Naveed Siddiqui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shah%20Ali%20Ul%20Qader"> Shah Ali Ul Qader</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, significant progress has been made in discovering and developing new bacterial polysaccharides producing organisms possessing extremely functional properties. Levan is a natural biopolymer of fructose which is produced by transfructosylation reaction in the presence of levansucrase. It is one of the industrially promising enzymes that offer a variety of industrial applications in the field of cosmetics, foods and pharmaceuticals. Although levan has significant applications but the yield of levan produced is not equal to other biopolymers due to the inefficiency of producer microorganism. Among wide range of levansucrase producing microorganisms, Zymomonas mobilis is considered as a potential candidate for large scale production of this natural polysaccharide. The present investigation is concerned with the isolation of levansucrase producing natural isolate having maximum enzyme production. Furthermore, production parameters were optimized to get higher enzyme yield. Levansucrase was partially purified and characterized to study its applicability on industrial scale. The results of this study revealed that the bacterial strain Z. mobilis KIBGE-IB14 was the best producer of levansucrase. Bacterial growth and enzyme production was greatly influenced by physical and chemical parameters. Maximum levansucrase production was achieved after 24 hours of fermentation at 30°C using modified medium of pH-6.5. Contrary to other levansucrases, the one presented in the current study is able to produce high amount of products in relatively short period of time with optimum temperature at 35°C. Due to these advantages, this enzyme can be used on large scale for commercial production of levan and other important metabolites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=levansucrase" title="levansucrase">levansucrase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolites" title=" metabolites"> metabolites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polysaccharides" title=" polysaccharides"> polysaccharides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transfructosylation" title=" transfructosylation"> transfructosylation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23050/levansucrase-from-zymomonas-mobilis-kibge-ib14-production-optimization-and-characterization-for-high-enzyme-yield" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">497</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> The Effectiveness of Water Indices in Detecting Soil Moisture as an Indicator of Mudflow in Arid Regions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahraa%20Al%20Ali">Zahraa Al Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Abulibdeh"> Ammar Abulibdeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Talal%20Al-Awadhi"> Talal Al-Awadhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Midhun%20Mohan"> Midhun Mohan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Al-Barwani"> Mohammed Al-Barwani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Al-Barwani"> Mohammed Al-Barwani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Al%20Nabbi"> Sara Al Nabbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meshal%20Abdullah"> Meshal Abdullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of six spectral water indices - derived from Multispectral sentinel-2 data - to detect soil moisture and inundated area in arid regions to be used as an indicator of mudflow phenomena to predict high-risk areas. Herein, the validation of the performance of spectral indices was conducted using threshold method, spectral curve performance, and soil-line method. These indirect validation techniques play a key role in saving time, effort, and cost, particularly for large-scale and inaccessible areas. It was observed that the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (mNDWI), and RSWIR indices have the potential to detect soil moisture and inundated areas in arid regions. According to the temporal spectral curve performance, the spectral characteristics of water and soil moisture were distinct in the Near infrared (NIR), Short-wave Infrared (SWIR1,2) bands. However, the rate and degree differed between these bands, depending on the amount of water in the soil. Furthermore, the soil line method supported the appropriate selection of threshold values to detect soil moisture. However, the threshold values varied with location, time, season, and between indices. We concluded that considering the factors influencing the behavior of water and soil reflectivity could support decision-makers in identifying high-risk mudflow locations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20reflectance%20curve" title="spectral reflectance curve">spectral reflectance curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil-line%20method" title=" soil-line method"> soil-line method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20indices" title=" spectral indices"> spectral indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaheen%20cyclone" title=" Shaheen cyclone"> Shaheen cyclone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173489/the-effectiveness-of-water-indices-in-detecting-soil-moisture-as-an-indicator-of-mudflow-in-arid-regions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173489.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Anti-Aging Effects of Retinol and Alpha Hydroxy Acid on Elastin Fibers of Artificially Photo-Aged Human Dermal Fibroblast Cell Lines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Jarrar">Mohammed Jarrar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shalini%20Behl"> Shalini Behl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20Shaheen"> Nadia Shaheen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abeer%20Fatima"> Abeer Fatima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reem%20Nasab"> Reem Nasab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Skin aging is a slow multifactorial process influenced by both internal as well as external factors. Ultra-violet radiations (UV), diet, smoking and personal habits are the most common environmental factors that affect skin aging. Fat contents and fibrous proteins as collagen and elastin are core internal structural components. The direct influence of UV on elastin integrity and health is crucial on aging of skin by time. The deposition of abnormal elastic material is a major marker in a photo-aged skin. Searching for compounds that may protect against cutaneous photo-damage is highly valued. Retinoids and Alpha Hydroxy Acids protective and or repairing effects of UV have been endorsed by some researchers. For consolidating a better understanding of anti and protective effects of such anti-aging agents, we evaluated the combinatory effects of various dosages of lactic acid and retinol on the dermal fibroblasts elastin levels exposed to UV. The UV exposed cells showed significant reduction in the elastin levels. A combination of drugs with a higher concentration of lactic acid (30-35 mM) and a lower concentration of retinol (10-15mg/mL) showed to work better in enhancing elastin concentration in UV exposed cells. We assume this enhancement could be the result of increased tropo-elastin gene expression stimulated by retinol and lactic acid probably repaired the UV irradiated damage by enhancing the amount and integrity of the elastin fibers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alpha%20hydroxy%20acid" title="alpha hydroxy acid">alpha hydroxy acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastin" title=" elastin"> elastin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retinol" title=" retinol"> retinol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultraviolet%20radiations" title=" ultraviolet radiations"> ultraviolet radiations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26855/anti-aging-effects-of-retinol-and-alpha-hydroxy-acid-on-elastin-fibers-of-artificially-photo-aged-human-dermal-fibroblast-cell-lines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26855.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Comparison Between Two Techniques (Extended Source to Surface Distance & Field Alignment) Of Craniospinal Irradiation (CSI) In the Eclipse Treatment Planning System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naima%20Jannat">Naima Jannat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ariful%20Islam"> Ariful Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharafat%20Hossain"> Sharafat Hossain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the involvement of the large target volume, Craniospinal Irradiation makes it challenging to achieve a uniform dose, and it requires different isocenters. This isocentric junction needs to shift after every five fractions to overcome the possibility of hot and cold spots. This study aims to evaluate the Planning Target Volume coverage & sparing Organ at Risk between two techniques and shows that the Field Alignment Technique does not need replanning and resetting. Planning method for Craniospinal Irradiation by Eclipse treatment planning system Field Alignment and Extended Source to Surface Distance technique was developed where 36 Gy in 20 Fraction at the rate of 1.8 Gy was prescribed. The patient was immobilized in the prone position. In the Field Alignment technique, the plan consists of half beam blocked parallel opposed cranium and a single posterior cervicospine field was developed by sharing the same isocenter, which obviates divergence matching. Further, a single field was created to treat the remaining lumbosacral spine. Matching between the inferior diverging edge of the cervicospine field and the superior diverging edge of a lumbosacral field, the field alignment option was used, which automatically matches the field edge divergence as per the field alignment rule in Eclipse Treatment Planning System where the couch was set to 2700. In the Extended Source to Surface Distance technique, two parallel opposed fields were created for the cranium, and a single posterior cervicospine field was created where the Source to Surface Distance was from 120-140 cm. Dose Volume Histograms were obtained for each organ contoured and for each technique used. In all, the patient’s maximum dose to Planning Target Volume is higher for the Extended Source to Surface Distance technique to Field Alignment technique. The dose to all surrounding structures was increased with the use of a single Extended Source to Surface Distance when compared to the Field Alignment technique. The average mean dose to Eye, Brain Steam, Kidney, Oesophagus, Heart, Liver, Lung, and Ovaries were respectively (58% & 60 %), (103% & 98%), (13% & 15%), (10% & 63%), (12% & 16%), (33% & 30%), (14% & 18%), (69% & 61%) for Field Alignment and Extended Source to Surface Distance technique. However, the clinical target volume at the spine junction site received a less homogeneous dose with the Field Alignment technique as compared to Extended Source to Surface Distance. We conclude that, although the use of a single field Extended Source to Surface Distance delivered a more homogenous, but its maximum dose is higher than the Field Alignment technique. Also, a huge advantage of the Field Alignment technique for Craniospinal Irradiation is that it doesn’t need replanning and resetting up of patients after every five fractions and 95% prescribed dose was received by more than 95% of the Planning Target Volume in all the plane with the acceptable hot spot. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=craniospinalirradiation" title="craniospinalirradiation">craniospinalirradiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cranium" title=" cranium"> cranium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cervicospine" title=" cervicospine"> cervicospine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilize" title=" immobilize"> immobilize</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lumbosacral%20spine" title=" lumbosacral spine"> lumbosacral spine</a> </p> <a 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