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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Odnos_između_sideričke_i_sinodičke_godine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odnos_između_sideričke_i_sinodičke_godine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Odnos između sideričke i sinodičke godine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Odnos_između_sideričke_i_sinodičke_godine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sunčevo_i_zvjezdano_vrijeme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sunčevo_i_zvjezdano_vrijeme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sunčevo i zvjezdano vrijeme</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sunčevo_i_zvjezdano_vrijeme-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Sunčevo i zvjezdano vrijeme</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sunčevo_i_zvjezdano_vrijeme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zvjezdano_vrijeme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zvjezdano_vrijeme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Zvjezdano vrijeme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zvjezdano_vrijeme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Srednji_Sunčev_dan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Srednji_Sunčev_dan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Srednji Sunčev dan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Srednji_Sunčev_dan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jednadžba_vremena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jednadžba_vremena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Jednadžba vremena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jednadžba_vremena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Srednje_Sunčevo_vrijeme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Srednje_Sunčevo_vrijeme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Srednje Sunčevo vrijeme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Srednje_Sunčevo_vrijeme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Koordinirano_svjetsko_vrijeme_UTC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Koordinirano_svjetsko_vrijeme_UTC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Koordinirano svjetsko vrijeme UTC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Koordinirano_svjetsko_vrijeme_UTC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pravo_Sunčevo_vrijeme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pravo_Sunčevo_vrijeme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Pravo Sunčevo vrijeme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pravo_Sunčevo_vrijeme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Datumska_granica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Datumska_granica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Datumska granica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Datumska_granica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Povezano" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povezano"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Povezano</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povezano-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Orbitalni period</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prijedi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupno je na 73 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">73 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umlaufzeit" title="Umlaufzeit — Švajcarsko nemački" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Umlaufzeit" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Švajcarsko nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodo_orbital" title="Periodo orbital — Aragonežanski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Periodo orbital" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonežanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF" title="कक्षीय अवधि — Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कक्षीय अवधि" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="دور مداري — Arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دور مداري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodu_orbital" title="Periodu orbital — Asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Periodu orbital" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_d%C3%B6vr" title="Orbital dövr — Azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Orbital dövr" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Орбитален период — Bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Орбитален период" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2" title="কক্ষীয় পর্যায়কাল — Bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কক্ষীয় পর্যায়কাল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbitalni_period" title="Orbitalni period — Bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Orbitalni period" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADode_orbital" title="Període orbital — Katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Període orbital" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doba_ob%C4%9Bhu" title="Doba oběhu — Češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Doba oběhu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siderisk_tid" title="Siderisk tid — Danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Siderisk tid" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umlaufzeit" title="Umlaufzeit — Nemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Umlaufzeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%82" title="Περίοδος περιφοράς — Grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Περίοδος περιφοράς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period — Engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Orbital period" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbita_periodo" title="Orbita periodo — Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Orbita periodo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_orbital" title="Período orbital — Španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Período orbital" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sideeriline_periood" title="Sideeriline periood — Estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sideeriline periood" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbita-periodo" title="Orbita-periodo — Baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Orbita-periodo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="تناوب مداری — Persijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تناوب مداری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiertoaika" title="Kiertoaika — Finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kiertoaika" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_de_r%C3%A9volution" title="Période de révolution — Francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Période de révolution" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A9imhse_fhithiseach" title="Tréimhse fhithiseach — Irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tréimhse fhithiseach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_orbital" title="Período orbital — Galski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Período orbital" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%94" title="זמן הקפה — Hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זמן הקפה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF" title="कक्षीय अवधि — Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कक्षीय अवधि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophodno_vrijeme" title="Ophodno vrijeme — Hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ophodno vrijeme" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kering%C3%A9si_id%C5%91" title="Keringési idő — Mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Keringési idő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%AB%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Սիդերիկ պարբերություն — Jermenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սիդերիկ պարբերություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Jermenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periode_orbit" title="Periode orbit — Indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Periode orbit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oge_Orbital" title="Oge Orbital — Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Oge Orbital" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodo_di_rivoluzione" title="Periodo di rivoluzione — Italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Periodo di rivoluzione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E8%BB%A2%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F" title="公転周期 — Japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="公転周期" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ორბიტალური პერიოდი — Gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ორბიტალური პერიოდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallit_tamezzayt" title="Tallit tamezzayt — Kabile" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tallit tamezzayt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabile" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EC%A0%84_%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0" title="공전 주기 — Korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="공전 주기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Сидерикалык мезгил — Kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Сидерикалык мезгил" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodus_orbitalis" title="Periodus orbitalis — Latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Periodus orbitalis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Bmlafz%C3%A4it" title="Ëmlafzäit — Luksemburški" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ëmlafzäit" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDvaig%C5%BEdinis_periodas" title="Žvaigždinis periodas — Litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žvaigždinis periodas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apri%C5%86%C4%B7ojuma_periods" title="Apriņķojuma periods — Letonski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Apriņķojuma periods" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Орбитален период — Makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Орбитален период" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B3" title="परिभ्रमण काळ — Marati" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="परिभ्रमण काळ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempoh_orbit" title="Tempoh orbit — Malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tempoh orbit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cmlooptiet" title="Ümlooptiet — Niski nemački" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ümlooptiet" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Niski nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omlooptijd_(astronomie)" title="Omlooptijd (astronomie) — Holandski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Omlooptijd (astronomie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Holandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baneperiode" title="Baneperiode — Norveški njorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Baneperiode" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveški njorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oml%C3%B8pstid" title="Omløpstid — Norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Omløpstid" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peri%C3%B2de_de_revolucion" title="Periòde de revolucion — Provansalski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Periòde de revolucion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Provansalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okres_orbitalny" title="Okres orbitalny — Poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Okres orbitalny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_orbital" title="Período orbital — Portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Período orbital" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioad%C4%83_sinodic%C4%83" title="Perioadă sinodică — Rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Perioadă sinodică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Орбитальный период — Ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Орбитальный период" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piriudu_di_rivuluzzioni" title="Piriudu di rivuluzzioni — Sicilijanski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Piriudu di rivuluzzioni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA" title="කක්ෂීය කාලාවර්තය — Singaleski" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කක්ෂීය කාලාවර්තය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singaleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Orbital period" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obe%C5%BEn%C3%A1_doba_(astron%C3%B3mia)" title="Obežná doba (astronómia) — Slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Obežná doba (astronómia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbitalna_perioda" title="Orbitalna perioda — Slovenački" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Orbitalna perioda" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periudha_orbitale" title="Periudha orbitale — Albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Periudha orbitale" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Орбитални период — Srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Орбитални период" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siderisk_omloppstid" title="Siderisk omloppstid — Švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Siderisk omloppstid" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipindi_cha_mzunguko" title="Kipindi cha mzunguko — Svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kipindi cha mzunguko" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%94kres_%C3%B4rbitalny" title="Ôkres ôrbitalny — Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Ôkres ôrbitalny" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சுற்றுக்காலம் — Tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சுற்றுக்காலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%BF" title="కక్ష్యా వ్యవధి — Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కక్ష్యా వ్యవధి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A3" title="คาบการโคจร — Tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คาบการโคจร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%B6r%C3%BCnge_periyodu" title="Yörünge periyodu — Turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yörünge periyodu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Орбітальний період — Ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Орбітальний період" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_davr" title="Orbital davr — Uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Orbital davr" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu_k%E1%BB%B3_qu%E1%BB%B9_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1o" title="Chu kỳ quỹ đạo — Vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chu kỳ quỹ đạo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F" title="轨道周期 — Wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="轨道周期" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F" title="轨道周期 — Kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="轨道周期" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F" title="軌道週期 — kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="軌道週期" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37640#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezične poveznice" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Sidereal_day_%28prograde%29.png/250px-Sidereal_day_%28prograde%29.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Sidereal_day_%28prograde%29.png/375px-Sidereal_day_%28prograde%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Sidereal_day_%28prograde%29.png 2x" data-file-width="481" data-file-height="359" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinodi%C4%8Dki_dan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinodički dan (stranica ne postoji)">Sinodički dan</a> (<b>Sunčev dan</b>) je duži od <a href="/wiki/Sideri%C4%8Dki_dan" class="mw-redirect" title="Siderički dan">sideričkog dana</a> (<b>zvjezdani dan</b>). U vremenu od 1 do 2, <a href="/wiki/Zemlja" title="Zemlja">Zemlja</a> se potpuno <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_rotacija" title="Zemljina rotacija">okrene oko svoje osi</a> vrtnje za 360° (1→2 = siderički ili zvjezdani dan). Ali tek otprilike 4 minute kasnije u položaju 3, Zemlja je dosegla <a href="/wiki/Kulminacija" title="Kulminacija">kulminaciju</a> (podne) u odnosu na Sunce (1→3 = sinodički ili Sunčev dan).</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Orbitalni period</b> ili <b>ophodno vrijeme</b> je <a href="/wiki/Vrijeme_(fizika)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrijeme (fizika)">vrijeme</a> potrebno da <a href="/wiki/Planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Planet">planet</a> ili drugo <a href="/wiki/Nebesko_tijelo" title="Nebesko tijelo">nebesko tijelo</a> napravi jednu punu <a href="/wiki/Orbita" title="Orbita">orbitu</a> oko matičnog tijela (ustvari oko zajedničkoga <a href="/wiki/Te%C5%BEi%C5%A1te" title="Težište">središta mase</a>). Za nebeska tijela koji se okreću oko <a href="/wiki/Sunce" title="Sunce">Sunca</a> razlikujemo više vrsta ophodnih vremena: </p> <ul><li><b>siderički (zvjezdani) period</b> ili pravo ophodno vrijeme je vrijeme u kojem tijelo napravi puni okret oko Sunca (<a href="/wiki/Kut" class="mw-redirect" title="Kut">kut</a> od 360°), relativno u odnosu na položaj <a href="/wiki/Zvijezda" title="Zvijezda">zvijezda</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sideri%C4%8Dki_dan" class="mw-redirect" title="Siderički dan">siderički dan</a> ili <b>zvjezdani dan</b> je <a href="/wiki/Period_rotacije" title="Period rotacije">period rotacije</a> <a href="/wiki/Planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Planet">planeta</a> u odnosu na udaljene <a href="/wiki/Zvijezde" class="mw-redirect" title="Zvijezde">zvijezde</a>. Zemljin siderički dan određuje se kao vrijeme između dva prolaska <a href="/wiki/Proljetna_to%C4%8Dka" title="Proljetna točka">proljetne točke</a> kroz <a href="/wiki/Nebeski_meridijan" title="Nebeski meridijan">nebeski meridijan</a> i iznosi 23 sati 56 minuta i 4 sekunde.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sideri%C4%8Dki_mjesec" class="mw-redirect" title="Siderički mjesec">siderički mjesec</a> ili <b>zvjezdani mjesec</b> je razdoblje <a href="/wiki/Mjese%C4%8Deve_mijene" class="mw-redirect" title="Mjesečeve mijene">Mjesečeva obilaska Zemlje</a> s obzirom na <a href="/wiki/Zvijezde" class="mw-redirect" title="Zvijezde">zvijezde</a> (27.321 662 <a href="/wiki/Dan" title="Dan">d</a> = 27 <a href="/wiki/Dan" title="Dan">d</a> 7 <a href="/wiki/Sat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sat">h</a> 43 <a href="/wiki/Minuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Minuta">min</a> 11.6 <a href="/wiki/Sekunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekunda">s</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvjezdana_godina" class="mw-redirect" title="Zvjezdana godina">zvjezdana godina</a> ili <b>siderička godina</b> (365 <a href="/wiki/Dan" title="Dan">d</a> 6 <a href="/wiki/Sat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sat">h</a> 9 <a href="/wiki/Minuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Minuta">min</a> 9,76 <a href="/wiki/Sekunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekunda">s</a> = 365,256363 <a href="/wiki/Dan" title="Dan">d</a>) je <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_putanja" title="Zemljina putanja">vrijeme obilaska Zemlje oko Sunca</a> s obzirom na sustav dalekih <a href="/wiki/Zvijezda" title="Zvijezda">zvijezda</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><b>sinodički period</b> je vrijeme potrebno da se tijelo nađe u istoj točki neba, promatrano sa <a href="/wiki/Zemlja_(planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zemlja (planet)">Zemlje</a>. Zbog Zemljinog kretanja oko Sunca siderički i sinodički periodi nebeskih tijela se razlikuju. <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinodi%C4%8Dki_dan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinodički dan (stranica ne postoji)">sinodički dan</a> ili <b>Sunčev dan</b> je vrijeme koje proteče između Sunčeve dvije uzastopne istovjetne <a href="/wiki/Kulminacija" title="Kulminacija">kulminacije</a> (gornje u podne ili donje u ponoć). Zemljin sinodički dan definiran kao prosječno vrijeme između dva podneva i iznosi 24 <a href="/wiki/Sat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sat">sata</a>.</li> <li>sinodički mjesec je razdoblje promjene <a href="/wiki/Mjese%C4%8Deve_mijene" class="mw-redirect" title="Mjesečeve mijene">Mjesečevih mijena</a> koje odražava položaj <a href="/wiki/Mjesec" title="Mjesec">Mjeseca</a> prema <a href="/wiki/Sunce" title="Sunce">Suncu</a>, a iznosi 29.530 59 d = 29 d 12 h 44 min 3 s.</li> <li>tropska godina ili <b>Sunčeva godina</b> (365 <a href="/wiki/Dan" title="Dan">d</a> 5 <a href="/wiki/Sat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sat">h</a> 48 <a href="/wiki/Minuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Minuta">min</a> 46 <a href="/wiki/Sekunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekunda">s</a> = 365,24219 <a href="/wiki/Dan" title="Dan">d</a>) je <a href="/wiki/Vrijeme_(fizika)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrijeme (fizika)">vrijeme</a> između dvaju uzastopnih prolazaka Sunca <a href="/wiki/Proljetna_to%C4%8Dka" title="Proljetna točka">proljetnom točkom</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><b>anomalistička perioda</b> vrijeme je između dvaju uzastopnih prolazaka tijela <a href="/wiki/Perihel" title="Perihel">perihelom</a>.</li> <li><b>drakonička</b> ili <b>nodička perioda</b> vrijeme je između dvaju prolaza istim čvorom staze <a href="/wiki/Prirodni_satelit" class="mw-redirect" title="Prirodni satelit">prirodnog satelita</a>, koja je nagnuta prema ravnini u kojoj se giba planet. <b>Drakonički mjesec</b> ima važnu ulogu u ponavljanju <a href="/wiki/Pomr%C4%8Dina_Sunca" title="Pomrčina Sunca">pomrčina Sunca</a> i <a href="/wiki/Pomr%C4%8Dina_Mjeseca" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomrčina Mjeseca">Mjeseca</a>).</li> <li><b>tropska perioda</b> vrijeme je između dvaju uzastopnih prolazaka istom <a href="/wiki/Ekliptika" title="Ekliptika">ekliptičkom</a> <a href="/wiki/Zemljopisna_du%C5%BEina" class="mw-redirect" title="Zemljopisna dužina">longitudom</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Moon_phases_en.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Moon_phases_en.jpg/700px-Moon_phases_en.jpg" decoding="async" width="700" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Moon_phases_en.jpg/1050px-Moon_phases_en.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Moon_phases_en.jpg/1400px-Moon_phases_en.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Razlika između <a href="/wiki/Sideri%C4%8Dki_mjesec" class="mw-redirect" title="Siderički mjesec">sideričkog</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sinodi%C4%8Dki_mjesec" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinodički mjesec">sinodičkog mjeseca</a>.</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Odnos_između_sideričke_i_sinodičke_godine"><span id="Odnos_izme.C4.91u_sideri.C4.8Dke_i_sinodi.C4.8Dke_godine"></span>Odnos između sideričke i sinodičke godine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbitalni_period&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odjeljak Odnos između sideričke i sinodičke godine" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbitalni_period&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Odnos između sideričke i sinodičke godine"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Kopernik" title="Nikola Kopernik">Nikola Kopernik</a> je u novom <a href="/wiki/Heliocentri%C4%8Dni_sustav" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliocentrični sustav">heliocentričnom sustavu</a> trebao uvesti novu <a href="/wiki/Astronomija" title="Astronomija">astronomsku</a> veličinu, a to je <a href="/wiki/Zvjezdana_godina" class="mw-redirect" title="Zvjezdana godina">zvjezdana ili siderička godina</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tropska_godina" title="Tropska godina">Sinodička godina</a> je ophodno vrijeme u kojem se ponovi isti položaj planeta i Zemlje u odnosu na Sunce, dakle razdoblje ponavljanja istih položaja tih triju tijela, i neposredno se mjeri kao osobina prividnog <a href="/wiki/Planetarna_putanja" class="mw-redirect" title="Planetarna putanja">planetskog kretanja</a>. Zbog Zemljinog kretanja oko Sunca, siderički i sinodički periodi nebeskih tijela se razlikuju. Dakle sinodička godina ne prestavlja samo osobinu nekog planeta, već ovisi i o tome kako se Zemlja giba oko Sunca. Siderička godina je vrijeme ophoda planeta oko Sunca u <a href="/wiki/Koordinatni_sustav" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Koordinatni sustav">koordinatnom sustavu</a> koji je vezan za daleke <a href="/wiki/Zvijezde" class="mw-redirect" title="Zvijezde">zvijezde</a>, a centar ima u Suncu. Takav je period istinska <a href="/wiki/Fizikalna_veli%C4%8Dina" class="mw-redirect" title="Fizikalna veličina">fizikalna veličina</a> koja pripada samo planetu. S druge strane siderička godina se ne može mjeriti izravno, pa je treba računski odrediti. </p><p>Pretpostavimo da se <a href="/wiki/Planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Planet">planeti</a> gibaju stalnim <a href="/wiki/Brzina" title="Brzina">brzinama</a> po <a href="/wiki/Kru%C5%BEnica" title="Kružnica">kružnici</a> (vidi sliku desno). Zamislimo unutarnji planet (npr. <a href="/wiki/Venera" class="mw-redirect" title="Venera">Venera</a>) u donjoj <a href="/wiki/Konjunkcija_(astronomija)" title="Konjunkcija (astronomija)">konjukciji</a> (položaj 1) i pratimo njegovo kretanje i kretanje Zemlje oko Sunca, sve do trenutka iduće donje konjukcije. Planet se nalazi na kraćoj stazi i giba se brže, pa će prevaliti puni kut i još kut <i>A</i> do ponovne donje konjukcije (položaj 2). Do tog položaja protekla je jedna sinodička godina planeta <i>S</i>. Zemlja se u isto vrijeme <i>S</i> putanjom pomakla samo za kut <i>A</i>, a za vlastitu sideričku godinu <i>Z</i> imala bi prevaliti puni <a href="/wiki/Kut" class="mw-redirect" title="Kut">kut</a>. Tom tvrdnjom iskazali smo odnos: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {A}{360^{o}}}\,=\,{\frac {S}{Z}}\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>A</mi> <msup> <mn>360</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>o</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>S</mi> <mi>Z</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {A}{360^{o}}}\,=\,{\frac {S}{Z}}\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3bbaad3df6f89eec8b2be1e1ccba948c4d483353" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; margin-right: -0.108ex; width:11.464ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {A}{360^{o}}}\,=\,{\frac {S}{Z}}\!}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Kut od 360° planet prelazi u svojoj sideričkoj godini <i>P</i>. Kut 360° + <i>A</i> planet je prešao za vrijeme sinodičke godine, a sam kut <i>A</i> prešao je za vrijeme koje je jednako razlici sinodičke i sideričke godine. Time je izražen odnos: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {A}{360^{o}}}\,=\,{\frac {S-P}{Z}}\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>A</mi> <msup> <mn>360</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>o</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>P</mi> </mrow> <mi>Z</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {A}{360^{o}}}\,=\,{\frac {S-P}{Z}}\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8f76493655c494fc70909a7ecf8d0c4e24336098" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; margin-right: -0.108ex; width:15.868ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {A}{360^{o}}}\,=\,{\frac {S-P}{Z}}\!}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Izjednače li se desne strane tih odnosa, izlazi za donje ili unutarnje planete: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{P}}\,=\,{\frac {1}{Z}}\,+\,{\frac {1}{S}}\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>P</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>Z</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>+</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>S</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{P}}\,=\,{\frac {1}{Z}}\,+\,{\frac {1}{S}}\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/56e11fb9440afb62e71363747612de2c692ae88a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; margin-right: -0.108ex; width:14.642ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{P}}\,=\,{\frac {1}{Z}}\,+\,{\frac {1}{S}}\!}"></span></dd></dl> <p>gdje je: <i>P</i> - siderička godina unutarnjeg planeta; <i>Z</i> - siderička godina Zemlje; <i>S</i> - sinodička godina unutarnjeg planeta. </p><p>Za izračunavanje sideričke godine vanjskih (gornjih) planeta treba da u jednadžbi zamijenimo mjesta Zemlje i planeta. Ono što je Zemlja za unutarnji planet, to je vanjski planet za Zemlju! Tada se dobiva za gornje ili vanjske planete: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{P}}\,=\,{\frac {1}{Z}}\,-\,{\frac {1}{S}}\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>P</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>=</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>Z</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>−</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>S</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{P}}\,=\,{\frac {1}{Z}}\,-\,{\frac {1}{S}}\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e809a2c75f7927ba75242a95393339935d48c40a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; margin-right: -0.108ex; width:14.642ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{P}}\,=\,{\frac {1}{Z}}\,-\,{\frac {1}{S}}\!}"></span></dd></dl> <p>gdje je: <i>P</i> - siderička godina vanjskog planeta; <i>Z</i> - siderička godina Zemlje; <i>S</i> - sinodička godina vanjskog planeta. </p><p>Sinodička godina u tim odnosima je <b>srednja sinodička godina</b>. Inače se vrijeme između dva ista razmještaja Zemlje, planeta i Sunca mijenja zbog izduženosti staza i kretanja planeta s nejednakom brzinom po stazi. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tablica sideričkih i sinodičkih perioda za planete <a href="/wiki/Sun%C4%8Dev_sustav" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunčev sustav">Sunčevog sustava</a>, relativno u odnosu na Zemlju: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#efefef"> <th><a href="/wiki/Planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Planet">Planet</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Tropska_godina" title="Tropska godina">Sinodička (tropska) godina</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Zvjezdana_godina" class="mw-redirect" title="Zvjezdana godina">Siderička (zvjezdana) godina</a> </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Merkur" title="Merkur">Merkur</a></td> <td>115.9 <a href="/wiki/Dan" title="Dan">dana</a></td> <td>88 dana </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Venera" class="mw-redirect" title="Venera">Venera</a></td> <td>583.9 d</td> <td>224.7 d </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Zemlja" title="Zemlja">Zemlja</a></td> <td>-</td> <td>365.26 d </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a></td> <td>780 d</td> <td>687 d </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a></td> <td>399 d</td> <td>11.86 <a href="/wiki/Godina" title="Godina">godina</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a></td> <td>378 d</td> <td>29.46 g </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Uran" class="mw-disambig" title="Uran">Uran</a></td> <td>370 d</td> <td>84.01 g </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Neptun" class="mw-redirect" title="Neptun">Neptun</a></td> <td>367.5 d</td> <td>164.8 g </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Pluton" title="Pluton">Pluton</a></td> <td>366.7 d</td> <td>247.7 g </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sunčevo_i_zvjezdano_vrijeme"><span id="Sun.C4.8Devo_i_zvjezdano_vrijeme"></span>Sunčevo i zvjezdano vrijeme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbitalni_period&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odjeljak Sunčevo i zvjezdano vrijeme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbitalni_period&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Sunčevo i zvjezdano vrijeme"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Equinox-50.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Equinox-50.jpg/250px-Equinox-50.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Equinox-50.jpg/375px-Equinox-50.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Equinox-50.jpg/500px-Equinox-50.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zemljina_rotacija" title="Zemljina rotacija">Zemljina vrtnja</a> uzrok je prividnom okretanju nebeske sfere i izmjene dana i noći.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Four_season_croatian_infotext.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Four_season_croatian_infotext.svg/250px-Four_season_croatian_infotext.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Four_season_croatian_infotext.svg/375px-Four_season_croatian_infotext.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Four_season_croatian_infotext.svg/500px-Four_season_croatian_infotext.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1274" data-file-height="780" /></a><figcaption>Prikaz položaja <a href="/wiki/Zemlja" title="Zemlja">Zemlje</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sunce" title="Sunce">Sunca</a> za 4 <a href="/wiki/Godi%C5%A1nja_doba" class="mw-redirect" title="Godišnja doba">godišnja doba</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Nebeski_ekvator_i_ekliptika.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Nebeski_ekvator_i_ekliptika.svg/250px-Nebeski_ekvator_i_ekliptika.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Nebeski_ekvator_i_ekliptika.svg/375px-Nebeski_ekvator_i_ekliptika.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Nebeski_ekvator_i_ekliptika.svg/500px-Nebeski_ekvator_i_ekliptika.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="353" data-file-height="373" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nebeski_ekvator" title="Nebeski ekvator">Nebeski ekvator</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ekliptika" title="Ekliptika">ekliptika</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Equation_of_time.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Equation_of_time.svg/250px-Equation_of_time.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Equation_of_time.svg/375px-Equation_of_time.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Equation_of_time.svg/500px-Equation_of_time.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="439" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednad%C5%BEba_vremena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jednadžba vremena (stranica ne postoji)">Jednadžba vremena</a> prikazuje razliku pravog i srednjeg Sunčeva vremena.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Standard_time_zones_of_the_world.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Standard_time_zones_of_the_world.png/250px-Standard_time_zones_of_the_world.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Standard_time_zones_of_the_world.png/375px-Standard_time_zones_of_the_world.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Standard_time_zones_of_the_world.png/500px-Standard_time_zones_of_the_world.png 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2156" /></a><figcaption>Karta <a href="/wiki/Vremenska_zona" title="Vremenska zona">vremenskih zona</a> svijeta (od rujna 2011.).</figcaption></figure> <p>U svakodnevnom djelovanju najvažnije razdoblje vremena određeno je izmjenom <a href="/wiki/Svjetlost" class="mw-redirect" title="Svjetlost">svjetlosti</a> i tame (dnevnom izmjenom osunčenja ili <a href="/wiki/Insolacija" title="Insolacija">insolacije</a>). Položaj <a href="/wiki/Sunce" title="Sunce">Sunca</a> na <a href="/wiki/Nebeska_sfera" title="Nebeska sfera">nebeskoj sferi</a> prestavlja kazaljku pomoću koje se ustanovljuje doba dana. Računanje <a href="/wiki/Vrijeme_(fizika)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrijeme (fizika)">vremena</a> dana počinje u ponoć, u času kada se Sunce nalazi u <a href="/wiki/Kulminacija" title="Kulminacija">donjoj kulminaciji</a>. <b>Sunčev dan</b> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinodi%C4%8Dki_dan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinodički dan (stranica ne postoji)">sinodički dan</a>) je vrijeme koje proteče između Sunčeve dvije uzastopne istovjetne <a href="/wiki/Kulminacija" title="Kulminacija">kulminacije</a> (gornje u podne ili donje u ponoć). Slično tome, <b>zvjezdani dan</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sideri%C4%8Dki_dan" class="mw-redirect" title="Siderički dan">siderički dan</a>) je vrijeme u kojemu puni okret učini neka <a href="/wiki/Zvijezda" title="Zvijezda">zvijezda</a>, ili točnije rečeno <a href="/wiki/Proljetna_to%C4%8Dka" title="Proljetna točka">proljetna točka</a>. Sunčevo vrijeme služi za svakodnevne životne djelatnosti. Znajući trenutak Sunčeva vremena, u stanju smo odrediti položaj Sunca na nebu. Možda nam se čini da to nije problem, jer se Sunce iznad <a href="/wiki/Obzor" class="mw-redirect" title="Obzor">obzora</a> lako ugleda. No kod zvijezda nije tako. Zvijezde su mnogo manjeg sjaja nego Sunce. Zvjezdano vrijeme potrebno je da bi se odredio položaj zvijezda, a osim u <a href="/wiki/Astronomija" title="Astronomija">astronomiji</a>, primjenjuje se u <a href="/wiki/Geodezija" title="Geodezija">geodeziji</a> i <a href="/wiki/Navigacija" title="Navigacija">navigaciji</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zvjezdano_vrijeme">Zvjezdano vrijeme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbitalni_period&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odjeljak Zvjezdano vrijeme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbitalni_period&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Zvjezdano vrijeme"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kazaljka zvjezdanog vremena je <a href="/wiki/Proljetna_to%C4%8Dka" title="Proljetna točka">proljetna točka</a>. Zvjezdano vrijeme jednako je satnom kutu proljetne točke. Zvjezdani dan počinje kada se proljetna točka nalazi u gornjoj kulminaciji. Zvjezdano vrijeme povezano je u svakom času sa satnim kutom i <a href="/wiki/Rektascenzija" title="Rektascenzija">rektascenzijom</a> zvijezde. Ono je ograničeno time na razdoblje od 0 do 24h. Zvjezdano vrijeme teče onoliko jednoliko koliko se jednoliko <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_rotacija" title="Zemljina rotacija">Zemlja okreće</a>. Tok zvjezdanog vremena određen je samo Zemljinom vrtnjom u odnosu na zvijezde. U toku vremena postoje male promjene. Razlozi tih promjena trojaki su. Jedan je učinak <a href="/wiki/Morske_mijene" class="mw-redirect" title="Morske mijene">plime</a>. Pri gibanju plimnih valova dolazi do <a href="/wiki/Trenje" title="Trenje">trenja</a> između <a href="/wiki/More" title="More">vodenih masa</a> i dna. Trenjem se gubi dio <a href="/wiki/Kineti%C4%8Dka_energija" title="Kinetička energija">kinetičke energije</a> vrtnje pa se ona usporava. Pojava se očituje u stoljetnim razmacima. Zatim, postoje sezonske promjene brzine vrtnje jer se ovisno o <a href="/wiki/Godi%C5%A1nja_doba" class="mw-redirect" title="Godišnja doba">godišnjem dobu</a> mijenjaju jačine i smjerovi <a href="/wiki/Vjetar" title="Vjetar">vjetrova</a> te <a href="/wiki/Morska_struja" title="Morska struja">morskih struja</a>. Stoga se vrtnja i usporava i ubrzava u toku godine, ovisno o tome pomažu li strujanja Zemljinoj vrtnji ili odmažu. Treći razlog krije se u gibanjima u <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_jezgra" title="Zemljina jezgra">Zemljinoj unutrašnjosti</a> i u fizičkom prostoru Zemljine okoline. </p><p>Sunčev dan zadan je ne samo Zemljinom vrtnjom oko vlastite osi, već i <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_putanja" title="Zemljina putanja">Zemljinom godišnjom putanjom</a> oko Sunca. Pritom Zemlja učini jedan okret više oko svoje osi, s obzirom na proljetnu točku (ili zvijezde) nego s obzirom na Sunce. Obilaženje oko Sunca čini jedan dodatni okret Zemlje prema sustavu zvijezda. To znači da će broj zvjezdanih dana u Sunčevoj (tropskoj) godini biti za jedinicu veći od broja Sunčevih dana u Sunčevoj godini : </p> <dl><dd><b>(<i>T</i> + 1) zvjezdani dan = <i>T</i> Sunčev dan</b></dd></dl> <p>gdje je <i>T</i> - <a href="/wiki/Tropska_godina" title="Tropska godina">Sunčeva ili tropska godina</a> koja iznosi 365 d 5 h 48 min 46 s = 365,24219 d, pa dobivamo : </p> <dl><dd>1 zvjezdani dan = 23 h 56 min 4 s</dd></dl> <p>Zvjezdani dan dijeli se sam po sebi u 24h zvjezdanog vremena, a sati, minute i sekunde zvjezdanog vremena također traju kraće od sata, minuta i sekundi Sunčeva vremena: </p> <dl><dd>1 zvjezdani sat = 59 min 50 s</dd> <dd>1 zvjezdana minuta = 59.8 s</dd></dl> <p>Zvjezdano vrijeme ovisi o tome u kojem se godišnjem dobu nalazimo. Onog časa kada je Sunce u proljetnoj točki s kojom zajedno prolazi kroz gornju kulminaciju podne je (12h Sunčeva vremena), no istodobno je i početak zvjezdanog dana (0h zvjezdanog vremena). Narednog će se dana Sunce naći istočnije od proljetne točke jer ono među zvijezdama odmiče na <a href="/wiki/Istok" title="Istok">istok</a>, pa će u dnevnoj vrtnji neba "zaostajati" za zvijezdama i kasnije proći nego proljetna točka. Kada <a href="/wiki/Kut" class="mw-redirect" title="Kut">kut</a> između satnog kruga proljetne točke i Sunca poraste na 90° (<a href="/wiki/Suncostaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Suncostaj">početak ljeta</a>), zvjezdano će vrijeme biti "mlađe" od Sunčeva za 6h; kada poraste na 180° (početak <a href="/wiki/Jesen" title="Jesen">jeseni</a>), zvjezdano vrijeme jednako je Sunčevom; kada razlika dosegne 270° (početak <a href="/wiki/Zima" title="Zima">zime</a>), zvjezdano će vrijeme biti za 6h "starije" od Sunčevog. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Srednji_Sunčev_dan"><span id="Srednji_Sun.C4.8Dev_dan"></span>Srednji Sunčev dan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbitalni_period&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odjeljak Srednji Sunčev dan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbitalni_period&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Srednji Sunčev dan"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sunce se ne giba jednolikom brzinom po ekliptici, a <a href="/wiki/Ekliptika" title="Ekliptika">ekliptika</a> se ne podudara s <a href="/wiki/Nebeski_ekvator" title="Nebeski ekvator">nebeskim ekvatorom</a>. Po ekliptici se Sunce ne giba jednoliko jer njegovo prividno gibanje samo odražava pravo gibanje Zemlje oko Sunca; Zemlja se po ekliptičnoj stazi giba promjenjivom <a href="/wiki/Brzina" title="Brzina">brzinom</a>. Stoga Sunce ne prelazi svakog dana jednake kutove po ekliptici. Sunce isto mijenja svoju kutnu udaljenost od nebeskog ekvatora. To znači da ono osim gibanja usporedo s nebeskim ekvatorom izvodi još i gibanje u smjeru okomitom na <a href="/wiki/Ekvator" title="Ekvator">ekvator</a>. Na primjer, dan poslije početka <a href="/wiki/Prolje%C4%87e" title="Proljeće">proljeća</a>, Sunce će se naći nešto sjevernije od nebeskog ekvatora. Dnevni pomaci na sjever ili na jug od nebeskog ekvatora najveći su u doba <a href="/wiki/Ravnodnevnica" class="mw-redirect" title="Ravnodnevnica">ravnodnevnica</a>, a u doba oko <a href="/wiki/Suncostaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Suncostaj">suncostaja</a> Sunce se giba usporedo s nebeskim ekvatorom. To znači, i kada bi se Sunce ekliptikom i gibalo ravnomjerno, njegova se projekcija na nebeski ekvator ne bi gibala ravnomjerno. </p><p>Pravi Sunčevi dani ne traju zato jednako. <b>Srednji Sunčev dan</b> (ili naprosto <a href="/wiki/Dan" title="Dan">dan</a>) je prosjek svih pravih Sunčevih dana u toku tropske ili Sunčeve godine. Danas se trajanje srednjeg Sunčevog dana prati pomoću <a href="/wiki/Atomski_sat" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomski sat">atomskih satova</a>. 1967. dogovoreno je da se umjesto sekunde određene iz gibanja Zemlje, kao jedinica vremena iskoristi atomska sekunda ili sekunda određena atomskim satom. Ta je sekunda povezana s trajanjem tropske ili Sunčeve godine 1900. Sekundom se smatra razdoblje vremena koji je bio 31 556 925.9747 puta sadržan u toj tropskoj godini. Kako se duljina dana i tropske godine s vremenom mijenjaju, to se radi usklađenja vremena dana s kalendarom ubacuje u <a href="/wiki/Kalendar" title="Kalendar">kalendarski</a> dan dodatna (prekobrojna) <a href="/wiki/Sekunda" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekunda">sekunda</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jednadžba_vremena"><span id="Jednad.C5.BEba_vremena"></span>Jednadžba vremena</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbitalni_period&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odjeljak Jednadžba vremena" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbitalni_period&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Jednadžba vremena"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prirodne pojave, kao što su izlazak i zalazak Sunca, te gornja <a href="/wiki/Kulminacija" title="Kulminacija">kulminacija</a> (pravo mjesno podne), ovise o gibanju pravog Sunca. Da bi se trenutak dana povezao sa satnom kružnicom na kojoj se nalazi Sunce, ustanovljena je razlika pravog i srednjeg Sunčeva vremena. Razlika je poznata pod nazivom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jednad%C5%BEba_vremena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jednadžba vremena (stranica ne postoji)">jednadžba vremena</a>: </p> <dl><dd><b>jednadžba vremena = pravo Sunčevo vrijeme - srednje Sunčevo vrijeme</b></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Srednje_Sunčevo_vrijeme"><span id="Srednje_Sun.C4.8Devo_vrijeme"></span>Srednje Sunčevo vrijeme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbitalni_period&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odjeljak Srednje Sunčevo vrijeme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbitalni_period&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Srednje Sunčevo vrijeme"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pošto se svako vrijeme, i zvjezdano i Sunčevo, mjeri <a href="/wiki/Satni_kut" title="Satni kut">satnim kutom</a> (u odnosu na <a href="/wiki/Meridijan" title="Meridijan">meridijan</a> promatrača), ono je <a href="/wiki/Mjesni_ekvatorski_koordinatni_sustav" class="mw-redirect" title="Mjesni ekvatorski koordinatni sustav">lokalnog karaktera</a>. Svaka <a href="/wiki/Zemljopisna_du%C5%BEina" class="mw-redirect" title="Zemljopisna dužina">zemljopisna dužina</a> ima svoje vrijeme. Ako je kod nas podne, zapadno od nas bit će još jutro, a istočnije od nas bit će popodne. Svakih 15° zemljopisne dužine donosi razliku mjesnih vremena od 1 <a href="/wiki/Sat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sat">sat</a>. Zato je na nekoj zemljopisnoj dužini <i>λ</i>, srednje Sunčevo vrijeme jednako: </p> <dl><dd><i>T<sub>m</sub> = UT ± λ</i></dd></dl> <p>Kod istočnih zemljopisnih dužina predznak je pozitivan, kod zapadnih negativan. Svjetsko ili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Univerzalno_vrijeme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Univerzalno vrijeme (stranica ne postoji)">univerzalno vrijeme</a> <b>UT</b> (<a href="/wiki/Engleski_jezik" title="Engleski jezik">eng</a>. <i>Universal Time</i>) srednje je Sunčevo vrijeme na 0° meridijanu ili <a href="/wiki/Grini%C4%8Dki_meridijan" title="Grinički meridijan">griničkom meridijanu</a>. Zemljopisnu dužinu <i>λ</i> treba izraziti u vremenskim jedinicama koristeći slijedeće odnose: 1 h = 15°; 1 min = 15'; 1 s = 15"; 1° = 4 min; 1' = 4 s; 1" = 0.066 s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Koordinirano_svjetsko_vrijeme_UTC">Koordinirano svjetsko vrijeme UTC</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbitalni_period&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odjeljak Koordinirano svjetsko vrijeme UTC" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbitalni_period&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Koordinirano svjetsko vrijeme UTC"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U društvenim zajednicama uspostavljeno je pojasno ili zonsko vrijeme. Umjesto da se svako mjesto ravna po svojem srednjem Sunčevom vremenu koje započinje u mjesnu ponoć, čitave države ili njihovi dijelovi imaju zajedničko vrijeme. Cijela je Zemlja raspodijeljena na 24 <a href="/wiki/Vremenska_zona" title="Vremenska zona">vremenske zone</a> ili pojasa. Središnji meridijani vremenske zone razmaknuti su za 15°. Unutar svake zone poštuje se jedinstveno vrijeme. Pojedine države su uvele i <a href="/wiki/Ljetno_ra%C4%8Dunanje_vremena" class="mw-redirect" title="Ljetno računanje vremena">ljetno računanje vremena</a> (eng. <i>Daylight saving time</i> ili DST), kojim se tijekom ljetnih mjeseci, kazaljke prebacuju obično za jedan sat unaprijed u odnosu na <a href="/wiki/Koordinirano_svjetsko_vrijeme" class="mw-redirect" title="Koordinirano svjetsko vrijeme">koordinirano svjetsko vrijeme</a> (eng. <i>Coordinated Universal Time</i> ili <b>UTC</b>). U <a href="/wiki/Hrvatska" title="Hrvatska">Hrvatskoj</a> se primjenjuje <a href="/wiki/Srednjoeuropsko_vrijeme" class="mw-redirect" title="Srednjoeuropsko vrijeme">srednjoeuropsko vrijeme</a> ili UTC+1 (točnije rečeno srednjoeuropsko zimsko vrijeme), koje je određeno srednjim Sunčevim vremenom za istočnu zemljopisnu dužinu od 15° E, a od 1983. primjenjuje se i ljetno računanje vremena. Kada se želi iskazati vremenski slijed pojava opažanih na različitim zemljopisnim dužinama, kao i prave vremenske razlike, trenutak vremena izražava se pomoću <a href="/wiki/Koordinirano_svjetsko_vrijeme" class="mw-redirect" title="Koordinirano svjetsko vrijeme">koordiniranog svjetskog vremena</a> UTC. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pravo_Sunčevo_vrijeme"><span id="Pravo_Sun.C4.8Devo_vrijeme"></span>Pravo Sunčevo vrijeme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbitalni_period&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odjeljak Pravo Sunčevo vrijeme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbitalni_period&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Pravo Sunčevo vrijeme"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Odnosima pravog i srednjeg Sunčevog vremena, mjesnog i zonskog, koristimo se kada želimo saznati koliko je sati u trenutku pravog vremena. Građansko vrijeme koje primjenjujemo srednje je Sunčevo vrijeme samo za određeni <a href="/wiki/Meridijan" title="Meridijan">meridijan</a>. U nas je to 15° E meridijan. Nalazimo li se 1° istočnije, na 16° E meridijanu (recimo u blizini <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreba</a>), naše srednje vrijeme bit će za 4 minute "starije" (srednjem Sunčevom vremenu treba dodati 4 minute). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Datumska_granica">Datumska granica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbitalni_period&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odjeljak Datumska granica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbitalni_period&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Datumska granica"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Trenutak ponoći u nekoj vremenskoj zoni odjeljuje prošli dan od idućeg dana. Dakle, postoji jedna prirodna granica datuma (<a href="/wiki/Nadnevak" class="mw-redirect" title="Nadnevak">nadnevka</a>) koja se neprestano pokreće od vremenske zone do zone. Zato na Zemlji mora postojati još jedna granica datuma, jer dva područja na Zemlji, koja istodobno imaju dva različita datuma, moraju se sučeljavati na dvije, a ne samo na jednoj granici. Zato je postavljena čvrsta datumska granica, i to u najmanje naseljenom području <a href="/wiki/Tihi_ocean" title="Tihi ocean">Tihog oceana</a>. S obje strane granice isto je vrijeme u danu, jer je jednaka osunčanost, ali se susreću dva različita datuma. Izvodimo pravilo da prilikom prelaska datumske granice treba jedan dan oduzeti putuje li se sa zapada na istok, a dodati jedan dan putuje li se s istoka na zapad. Putovanjem na istok putnik zalazi u područje sve "starijeg" dana, mora pomicati satnu kazaljku neprestano unaprijed, pa na čitavom krugu oko Zemlje napuni jedan dan. Zato stekne jedan dan više, pa ga pri prelasku datumske granice mora odbiti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povezano">Povezano</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbitalni_period&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odjeljak Povezano" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbitalni_period&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povezano"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tre%C4%87i_Keplerov_zakon" title="Treći Keplerov zakon">Treći Keplerov zakon</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbitalni_period&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odjeljak Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbitalni_period&action=edit&section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41378145">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <b>ophodno vrijeme</b>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=45245">[1]</a> "Hrvatska enciklopedija", Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, www.enciklopedija.hr, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> [[[Vladis Vujnović]] : "Astronomija", Školska knjiga, 1989. </span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr">Izvor: <a dir="ltr" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orbitalni_period&oldid=42019690">https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Orbitalni_period&oldid=42019690</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorija</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Nebeska_mehanika" title="Kategorija:Nebeska mehanika">Nebeska mehanika</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica je posljednji put izmijenjena 25. jula 2024. u 09:58.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike</a>; mogu se primijeniti i dodatni uslovi. 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