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</nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Huppah" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Hupa_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Hupa (disambiguation)">Hupa (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p>A <i><b>chuppah</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">חֻפָּה</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">ḥuppā</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'canopy, covering', <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>: <span lang="yi" dir="rtl">חֻפָּה</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Yiddish">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Yiddish-language romanization"><i lang="yi-Latn">khupe~khipe</i></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a canopy under which a <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish</a> couple stand during their <a href="/wiki/Jewish_wedding" title="Jewish wedding">wedding ceremony</a>. It consists of a cloth or sheet, sometimes a <a href="/wiki/Tallit" title="Tallit">tallit</a>, stretched or supported over four poles, or sometimes manually held up by attendants to the ceremony. A chuppah symbolizes the home that the couple will build together. </p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chupah_closeup.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Chupah_closeup.JPG/220px-Chupah_closeup.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Chupah_closeup.JPG/330px-Chupah_closeup.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Chupah_closeup.JPG/440px-Chupah_closeup.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816"></a><figcaption>A <i>chuppah</i> at the <a href="/wiki/Sixth_%26_I_Historic_Synagogue" title="Sixth & I Historic Synagogue">Sixth & I Synagogue</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_5230_Events_in_Israel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/PikiWiki_Israel_5230_Events_in_Israel.jpg/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_5230_Events_in_Israel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/PikiWiki_Israel_5230_Events_in_Israel.jpg/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_5230_Events_in_Israel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/PikiWiki_Israel_5230_Events_in_Israel.jpg/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_5230_Events_in_Israel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1172" data-file-height="790"></a><figcaption>A <i>chuppah</i> wedding in <a href="/wiki/Kibbutz" title="Kibbutz">kibbutz</a> <a href="/wiki/Eilot" title="Eilot">Eilot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jewish_wedding_Vienna_Jan_2007_005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Jewish_wedding_Vienna_Jan_2007_005.jpg/220px-Jewish_wedding_Vienna_Jan_2007_005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Jewish_wedding_Vienna_Jan_2007_005.jpg/330px-Jewish_wedding_Vienna_Jan_2007_005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Jewish_wedding_Vienna_Jan_2007_005.jpg/440px-Jewish_wedding_Vienna_Jan_2007_005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Jewish</a> wedding with <i>chuppah</i> in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>'s first district, 2007</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ShshChuppah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9c/ShshChuppah.jpg/220px-ShshChuppah.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9c/ShshChuppah.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="340"></a><figcaption>Chuppa at a <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogue</a> in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, Canada</figcaption></figure> <p>In a more general sense, <i>chuppah</i> refers to the method by which <i>nessuin</i>, the second stage of a <a href="/wiki/Jewish_wedding" title="Jewish wedding">Jewish wedding</a>, is accomplished. According to some opinions, it is accomplished by the couple standing under the canopy along with the <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbi</a> who weds them; however, there are other views.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaplan18_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaplan18-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Customs"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Customs</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History_and_legal_aspects"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History and legal aspects</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Symbolism"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Symbolism</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Modern_trends"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Modern trends</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Customs">Customs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Chuppah&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Customs" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>A traditional chuppah, especially in <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Judaism</a>, recommends that there be open sky exactly above the chuppah,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although this is not mandatory among Sephardic communities. If the wedding ceremony is held indoors in a hall, sometimes a special opening is built to be opened during the ceremony. Many <a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidim</a> prefer to conduct the entire ceremony outdoors. It is said that the couple's ancestors are present at the chuppah ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Jews" title="Yemenite Jews">Yemenite</a> communities, the practice was not for the groom and his bride to stand under a canopy (<i>chuppah</i>) hung on four poles, as is widely practised today in Jewish weddings, but rather to be secluded in a bridal chamber that was, in effect, a highly decorated room in the house of the groom, known as the <i>chuppah</i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (see <a href="/wiki/Jewish_wedding#Yichud" title="Jewish wedding">Yichud</a>). </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History_and_legal_aspects">History and legal aspects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Chuppah&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History and legal aspects" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>The word chuppah appears in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, for example in <a href="/wiki/Joel_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Joel 2">Joel 2</a>:16 and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Psalms_19&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psalms 19 (page does not exist)">Psalms 19</a>:5. Abraham P. Bloch states that the connection between the term chuppah and the wedding ceremony "can be traced to the Bible"; however, "the physical appearance of the chuppah and its religious significance have undergone many changes since then".<sup id="cite_ref-Bloch32_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloch32-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There were for centuries regional differences in what constituted a huppah. Indeed, <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Freehof" title="Solomon Freehof">Solomon Freehof</a> finds that the wedding canopy was unknown before the 16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_J._Kolatch" title="Alfred J. Kolatch">Alfred J. Kolatch</a> notes that it was during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> that the "chupa ... in use today" became customary.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Sperber" title="Daniel Sperber">Daniel Sperber</a> notes that for many communities before the 16th century, the huppah consisted of a veil worn by the bride.<sup id="cite_ref-DS_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DS-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In others, it was a cloth spread over the shoulders of the bride and groom.<sup id="cite_ref-DS_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DS-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Numerous illustrations of Jewish weddings in medieval Europe, North Africa and Italy show no evidence of a huppah as it is known today. <a href="/wiki/Moses_Isserles" title="Moses Isserles">Moses Isserles</a> (1520–1572) notes that the portable marriage canopy was widely adopted by <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi Jews</a> as a symbol of the chamber within which marriages originally took place in the generation before he composed his commentary to the <i><a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-DS_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DS-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Biblical times, a couple consummated their marriage in a room or tent.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmudic</a> times, the room where the marriage was consummated was called the chuppah.<sup id="cite_ref-Bloch32_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloch32-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is however a reference of a wedding canopy in the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gittin" title="Gittin">Gittin</a> 57a: "It was the custom when a boy was born to plant a cedar tree and when a girl was born to plant a pine tree, and when they married, the tree was cut down and a canopy made of the branches". </p><p>Jewish weddings consist of two separate parts: the <a href="/wiki/Erusin" title="Erusin">erusin</a> or betrothan, and the actual ceremony, known as the <i>nessuin</i>. The betrothal ceremony, which is today accomplished when the groom gives a wedding ring to the bride, prohibits her to all other men and cannot be dissolved without a <a href="/wiki/Get_(conflict)" class="mw-redirect" title="Get (conflict)">get</a> or religious divorce. The second ceremony, the nessuin, permits the bride to her husband. </p><p>Originally, the two ceremonies usually took place separately.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaplan18_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaplan18-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the betrothal, the bride lived with her parents until the day the actual marriage ceremony arrived; the wedding ceremony would then take place in a room or tent that the groom had set up for her. After the ceremony the bride and groom would spend an hour together in an ordinary room, and then the bride would enter the chuppah and, after gaining her permission, the groom would join her.<sup id="cite_ref-Bloch32_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloch32-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> these two stages were increasingly combined into a single ceremony (which, from the 16th century, became the "all but universal Jewish custom" and the chuppah lost its original meaning, with various other customs replacing it.<sup id="cite_ref-Rayner_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rayner-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, in post-talmudic times the use of the chuppa chamber ceased;<sup id="cite_ref-Bloch32_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloch32-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the custom that became most common instead was to "perform the whole combined ceremony under a canopy, to which the term chuppah was then applied, and to regard the bride's entry under the canopy as a symbol of the consummation of the marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-Rayner_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rayner-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The canopy "created the semblance of a room".<sup id="cite_ref-Bloch32_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloch32-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are varying legal opinions as to how the chuppah ceremony is to be performed today. Major opinions include standing under the canopy, and secluding the couple together in a room (<i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_wedding#Yichud" title="Jewish wedding">yichud</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Kaplan18_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaplan18-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The betrothal and chuppah ceremonies are separated by the reading of the <i><a href="/wiki/Ketubah" title="Ketubah">ketubah</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaplan21_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaplan21-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This <i>chuppah</i> ceremony is connected to the seven blessings which are recited over a cup of wine after the ceremony (<i>birchat nisuin</i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Sheva_brachot" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheva brachot">sheva brachot</a></i>). </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Symbolism">Symbolism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Chuppah&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Symbolism" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>The chuppah represents a Jewish home symbolized by the cloth canopy and the four poles. Just as a chuppah is open on all four sides, so was the tent of <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> open for hospitality. Thus, the chuppah represents hospitality to one's guests. This "home" initially lacks furniture as a reminder that the basis of a Jewish home is the people within it, not the possessions. In a spiritual sense, the covering of the chuppah represents the presence of God over the covenant of marriage. As the <a href="/wiki/Kippah" title="Kippah">kippah</a> served as a reminder of the Creator above all, (also a symbol of separation from God), so the chuppah was erected to signify that the ceremony and institution of marriage has divine origins.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wimpel_from_Lengnau,_1886.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wimpel_from_Lengnau%2C_1886.jpg/220px-Wimpel_from_Lengnau%2C_1886.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2680"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 149px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wimpel_from_Lengnau%2C_1886.jpg/220px-Wimpel_from_Lengnau%2C_1886.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="149" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wimpel_from_Lengnau%2C_1886.jpg/330px-Wimpel_from_Lengnau%2C_1886.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wimpel_from_Lengnau%2C_1886.jpg/440px-Wimpel_from_Lengnau%2C_1886.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Detail of Chuppah and <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> scroll on a painted wimpel from the <a href="/wiki/Lengnau_Mappot" title="Lengnau Mappot">Lengnau collection</a>, 1886, in the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Museum_of_Switzerland" title="Jewish Museum of Switzerland">Jewish Museum of Switzerland</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The symbol of the chuppah is often painted or embroidered onto <a href="/wiki/Wimpel" title="Wimpel">wimpels</a> after a boy’s <a href="/wiki/Brit_milah" title="Brit milah">Brit Milah</a> ceremony. Here, the chuppah is a reference to a wish for the boy’s life to be under the guidance of God and for him to have a traditional marriage and family (also expressed in a blessing). </p><p>In Ashkenazic communities, before going under the <i>chuppah</i> the groom covers the bride's face with a <a href="/wiki/Veil" title="Veil">veil</a>, known as the <a href="/wiki/Badeken" title="Badeken">badeken</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a>) or hinuma (in <a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a>). The origin of this tradition and its original purpose are in dispute. There are opinions that the chuppah means "covering the bride's face", hence covering the couple to be married. Others suggest that the purpose was for others to witness the act of covering, formalizing the family's home in a community, as it is a public part of the wedding. In Sephardic communities, this custom is not practiced. Instead, underneath the chuppah, the couple is wrapped together underneath a <a href="/wiki/Tallit" title="Tallit">tallit</a>, which is a fringed garment. </p><p>The groom enters the chuppah first to represent his ownership of the home on behalf of the couple. When the bride then enters the chuppah it is as though the groom is providing her with shelter or clothing, and he thus publicly demonstrates his new responsibilities toward her.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Modern_trends">Modern trends</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Chuppah&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Modern trends" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>A chuppah can be made of any material. A tallit or embroidered velvet cloth are commonly used. Silk or quilted chuppot are increasingly common, and can often be customized or personalized to suit the couple's unique interests and occupations.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Chuppah&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Care_cloth" title="Care cloth">Care cloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_wedding" title="Jewish wedding">Jewish wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_mandap" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedding mandap">Mandap</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Chuppah&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">also <b>huppah</b>, <b>chipe</b>, <b>chupah</b>, or <b>chuppa</b></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Chuppah&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Kaplan18-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kaplan18_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaplan18_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaplan18_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKaplan1983" class="citation book cs1">Kaplan, Rabbi Aryeh (1983). <i>Made in Heaven, A Jewish Wedding Guide</i>. New York / Jerusalem: Moznaim Publishers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Made+in+Heaven%2C+A+Jewish+Wedding+Guide&rft.place=New+York+%2F+Jerusalem&rft.pub=Moznaim+Publishers&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Rabbi+Aryeh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChuppah" class="Z3988"></span>, Chapter 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aside from Chuppah, it can also be accomplished by consummation; however, this is discouraged (Kaplan, Ibid.).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/481263/jewish/The-Chupah-Marriage-Canopy.htm">The Chupah -- Marriage Canopy</a> on Chabad.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBar-Yochai" class="citation book cs1">Bar-Yochai, Rabbi Shimon. <i>Zohar (III)</i>. Israel. pp. Page 219B.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zohar+%28III%29&rft.place=Israel&rft.pages=Page+219B&rft.aulast=Bar-Yochai&rft.aufirst=Rabbi+Shimon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChuppah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQafih1982" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Qafih" title="Yosef Qafih">Qafih, Y.</a> (1982). <i>Halichot Teman (Jewish Life in Sanà)</i> (in Hebrew). Jerusalem: <a href="/wiki/Ben-Zvi_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben-Zvi Institute">Ben-Zvi Institute</a>. pp. 143, 148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/965-17-0137-4" title="Special:BookSources/965-17-0137-4"><bdi>965-17-0137-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/863513860">863513860</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Halichot+Teman+%28Jewish+Life+in+San%C3%A0%29&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pages=143%2C+148&rft.pub=Ben-Zvi+Institute&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F863513860&rft.isbn=965-17-0137-4&rft.aulast=Qafih&rft.aufirst=Y.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChuppah" class="Z3988"></span>; Yehuda Levi Nahum, <i>Mitzefunot Yehudei Teman</i>, Tel-Aviv 1962, p. 149 (Hebrew). The practice is reminiscent of <a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a> (<i>Sotah</i> 15:9), "What are they 'the bridal chambers'? They are [the rooms fitted with sheets of] scarlet overlaid with gold."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bloch32-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bloch32_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bloch32_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bloch32_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bloch32_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bloch32_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloch, Abraham P. "The Biblical and historical background of Jewish customs and ceremonies". KTAV Publishing House, Inc., 1980, pp. 31-32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Freehof, S. B. 'Chuppah' in D. J. Silver, <i>In the Time of Harvest</i> NY: Macmillan, 1963, p. 193</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kolatch, Alfred J. "The Jewish Book of Why" Middle Village: Jonathan David Publishers, Inc., 2000), p. 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DS-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DS_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DS_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DS_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Jewish Lifecycle, pp. 194–264</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eisenberg, Ronald L. "Jewish Traditions: A JPS Guide". (JPS, Philadelphia: 2004, p. 35; cf. Genesis 24:67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rayner-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rayner_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rayner_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRayner1975" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Rayner" title="John Rayner">Rayner, Rabbi John</a> (1975). <i>Guide to Jewish Marriage</i>. London. pp. 19–20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+to+Jewish+Marriage&rft.place=London&rft.pages=19-20&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Rayner&rft.aufirst=Rabbi+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChuppah" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaplan21-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kaplan21_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaplan1983" class="citation book cs1">Kaplan, Rabbi Aryeh (1983). "21". <i>Made in Heaven, A Jewish Wedding Guide</i>. New York / Jerusalem: Moznaim Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0940118126" title="Special:BookSources/978-0940118126"><bdi>978-0940118126</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=21&rft.btitle=Made+in+Heaven%2C+A+Jewish+Wedding+Guide&rft.place=New+York+%2F+Jerusalem&rft.pub=Moznaim+Publishers&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0940118126&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Rabbi+Aryeh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChuppah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Levush, 54:1; Aruch HaShulchan, 55:18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2002" class="citation news cs1">Davis, Carin (February 7, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jewishjournal.com/culture/special_sections/celebrations_simchas/5500/">"My Very Own Chuppah"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Journal_of_Greater_Los_Angeles" title="The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles">The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jewish+Journal+of+Greater+Los+Angeles&rft.atitle=My+Very+Own+Chuppah&rft.date=2002-02-07&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Carin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjewishjournal.com%2Fculture%2Fspecial_sections%2Fcelebrations_simchas%2F5500%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChuppah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kuvinoren.com/#!huppah/cfau">"Home Page"</a>. <i>Jeanette Kuvin Oren</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jeanette+Kuvin+Oren&rft.atitle=Home+Page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kuvinoren.com%2F%23%21huppah%2Fcfau&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChuppah" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Chuppah&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul><li>Bloch, Abraham P. <i>The Biblical and historical background of Jewish customs and ceremonies</i> (KTAV Publishing House, Inc., 1980 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87068-658-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87068-658-0">978-0-87068-658-0</a>)</li> <li>Klein, Isaac. <i>A guide to Jewish religious practice</i> (KTAV Publishing House, Inc., 1979 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87334-004-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87334-004-5">978-0-87334-004-5</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rayner" title="John Rayner">Rayner, Rabbi John</a>, <i>Guide to Jewish Marriage</i> (London: 1975)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chuppah&oldid=1253295967">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chuppah&oldid=1253295967</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Chuppah&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Monkbot" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1729840237"> <span>Last edited on 25 October 2024, at 07:10</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chupa" title="Chupa – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chupa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuppa" title="Chuppa – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chuppa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jup%C3%A1" title="Jupá – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jupá" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A4upah" title="Ĥupah – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĥupah" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="خوپا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خوپا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houppa" title="Houppa – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Houppa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khuppah" title="Khuppah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Khuppah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94" title="חופה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חופה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choepa" title="Choepa – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Choepa" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%83%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC" title="フッパー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フッパー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chupa" title="Chupa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chupa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chup%C3%A1" title="Chupá – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chupá" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Хупа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хупа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huppa" title="Huppa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Huppa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuppa" title="Chuppa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Chuppa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Хупа – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хупа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94" title="חופה – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="חופה" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 October 2024, at 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