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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#阿爾卑斯造山運動"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>阿爾卑斯造山運動</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-阿爾卑斯造山運動-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-河流襲奪" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#河流襲奪"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>河流襲奪</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-河流襲奪-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-最後冰期嘅結束" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#最後冰期嘅結束"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>最後冰期嘅結束</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-最後冰期嘅結束-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-全新世三角洲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#全新世三角洲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>全新世三角洲</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-全新世三角洲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-軍事同文化歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#軍事同文化歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>軍事同文化歷史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-軍事同文化歷史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換去軍事同文化歷史細章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-軍事同文化歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-古代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#古代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>古代</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-古代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中世紀同現代歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中世紀同現代歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>中世紀同現代歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中世紀同現代歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>註</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-疏仕" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#疏仕"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>疏仕</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-疏仕-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目錄" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="開/收內容一覽" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">開/收內容一覽</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">萊茵河</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="去睇另一種語文嘅文章。有164種語言版本。" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-164" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">164種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryn" title="Ryn – 南非荷蘭文" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ryn" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhein" title="Rhein – 德文（瑞士）" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Rhein" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="德文（瑞士）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%AB%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%95_%E1%8B%88%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%9D" title="ራይን ወንዝ – 阿姆哈拉文" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ራይን ወንዝ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Rin" title="Río Rin – 阿拉貢文" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Río Rin" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉貢文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%ABn" title="Rīn – 古英文" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Rīn" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86" title="راين – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="راين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86" title="نهر الراين – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نهر الراين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="ৰাইন – 阿薩姆文" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰাইন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿薩姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADu_Rin" title="Ríu Rin – 阿斯圖里亞文" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ríu Rin" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯圖里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Райн – 阿瓦爾文" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Райн" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reyn" title="Reyn – 亞塞拜然文" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Reyn" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="亞塞拜然文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="راین چایی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="راین چایی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Рейн – 巴什客爾文" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Рейн" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什客爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tukad_Rhine" title="Tukad Rhine – 峇里文" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Tukad Rhine" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="峇里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhein" title="Rhein – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Rhein" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reins" title="Reins – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Reins" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Рэйн – 白俄羅斯文" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рэйн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄羅斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Райн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Райн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Рейн – 保加利亞文" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рейн" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="राइन नदी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="राइन नदी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80" title="রাইন নদী – 孟加拉文" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাইন নদী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%99%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="རེན་གཙང་པོ། – 藏文" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རེན་གཙང་པོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roen" title="Roen – 布列塔尼文" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Roen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajna" title="Rajna – 波士尼亞文" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rajna" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波士尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Райн мүрэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Райн мүрэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rin" title="Rin – 加泰羅尼亞文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰羅尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Рейн – 車臣文" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Рейн" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="車臣文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rin" title="Rin – 宿霧文" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rin" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿霧文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ڕاین – 索拉尼庫爾德文" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕاین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="索拉尼庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renu" title="Renu – 科西嘉文" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Renu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reyn" title="Reyn – 克里米亞半島的土耳其文；克里米亞半島的塔塔爾文" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Reyn" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亞半島的土耳其文；克里米亞半島的塔塔爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BDn" title="Rýn – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rýn" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Рейн – 楚瓦什文" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Рейн" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afon_Rhein" title="Afon Rhein – 威爾斯文" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Afon Rhein" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威爾斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推薦文章"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinen" title="Rhinen – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rhinen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhein" title="Rhein – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rhein" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy%C3%AA_Reni" title="Royê Reni – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Royê Reni" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryn" title="Ryn – 下索布文" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Ryn" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Ρήνος – 希臘文" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρήνος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Rhine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="好文"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rejno" title="Rejno – 世界文" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rejno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rin" title="Rin – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rein" title="Rein – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rein" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhin" title="Rhin – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Rhin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86_(%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF)" title="راین (رود) – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راین (رود)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rein" title="Rein – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rein" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhin" title="Rhin – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rhin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rin" title="Rin – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Rin" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhein" title="Rhein – 北弗里西亞文" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Rhein" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryn" title="Ryn – 西弗里西亞文" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ryn" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_R%C3%A9in" title="An Réin – 愛爾蘭文" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Réin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="愛爾蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Rin" title="Río Rin – 加里西亞文" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Río Rin" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加里西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADno" title="Ríno – 瓜拉尼文" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ríno" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8" title="ऱ्हायन – 孔卡尼文" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="ऱ्हायन" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="孔卡尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 – 哥德文" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="哥德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Rhine" title="Yn Rhine – 曼島文" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Rhine" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="曼島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhine-h%C3%B2" title="Rhine-hò – 客家話" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Rhine-hò" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家話" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="ריין – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="राइन नदी – 北印度文" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="राइन नदी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="北印度文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhine_Naddi" title="Rhine Naddi – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Rhine Naddi" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajna" title="Rajna – 克羅埃西亞文" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rajna" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryn" title="Ryn – 上索布文" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Ryn" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajna" title="Rajna – 匈牙利文" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rajna" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%BC%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Հռենոս – 亞美尼亞文" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հռենոս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亞美尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheno" title="Rheno – 國際文" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Rheno" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="國際文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhein" title="Rhein – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rhein" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhen" title="Rhen – 國際文（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Rhen" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="國際文（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rin" title="Rin – 伊洛闊文" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Rin" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛闊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheno" title="Rheno – 伊多文" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rheno" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADn" title="Rín – 冰島文" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰島文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reno" title="Reno – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Reno" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E5%B7%9D" title="ライン川 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ライン川" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali_Rhein" title="Kali Rhein – 爪哇文" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kali Rhein" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="რაინი – 喬治亞文" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რაინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="喬治亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C9%9B%C9%9B_p%C9%94%C9%94" title="Rɛɛ pɔɔ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Rɛɛ pɔɔ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Рейн – 哈薩克文" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Рейн" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈薩克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%95" title="라인강 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라인강" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhing" title="Rhing – 科隆文" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Rhing" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="科隆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reyn" title="Reyn – 庫爾德文" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Reyn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="庫爾德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dowr_Ryn" title="Dowr Ryn – 康瓦耳文" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Dowr Ryn" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康瓦耳文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Рейн – 吉爾吉斯文" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Рейн" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="吉爾吉斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhenus" title="Rhenus – 拉丁文" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Rhenus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rh%C3%A4in" title="Rhäin – 盧森堡文" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Rhäin" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="盧森堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Рейн – 列茲干文" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Рейн" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列茲干文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Reno" title="Rio Reno – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Rio Reno" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rien" title="Rien – 林堡文" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Rien" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren" title="Ren – 利古里亞文" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Ren" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain" title="Rain – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Rain" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renu" title="Renu – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Renu" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rein" title="Rein – 林加拉文" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Rein" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinas" title="Reinas – 立陶宛文" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Reinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reina" title="Reina – 拉脫維亞文" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Reina" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脫維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="राइन नदी – 邁蒂利文" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="राइन नदी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="邁蒂利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhin" title="Rhin – 馬拉加什文" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Rhin" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="馬拉加什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Рейн – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Рейн" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рајна – 馬其頓文" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рајна" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="馬其頓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%88%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF" title="റൈൻ നദി – 馬來亞拉姆文" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റൈൻ നദി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="馬來亞拉姆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%BD" title="Райн мөрөн – 蒙古文" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Райн мөрөн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="ऱ्हाइन नदी – 馬拉地文" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ऱ्हाइन नदी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="馬拉地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai_Rhine" title="Sungai Rhine – 馬來文" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sungai Rhine" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="馬來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riu_Reno" title="Riu Reno – 米蘭德斯文" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Riu Reno" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米蘭德斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ရိုင်းမြစ် – 緬甸文" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရိုင်းမြစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="緬甸文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86" title="راین – 馬贊德蘭文" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="راین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="馬贊德蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhien" title="Rhien – 低地德文" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Rhien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rien" title="Rien – 低地薩克遜文" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Rien" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低地薩克遜文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8" title="राइन – 尼瓦爾文" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="राइन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rijn" title="Rijn – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rijn" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinen" title="Rhinen – 耐諾斯克挪威文" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rhinen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="耐諾斯克挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinen" title="Rhinen – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rhinen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtsinje_wa_Rhine" title="Mtsinje wa Rhine – 尼揚賈文" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Mtsinje wa Rhine" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="尼揚賈文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren_(fluvi)" title="Ren (fluvi) – 奧克西坦文" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ren (fluvi)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奧克西坦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Рейн – 奧塞提文" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Рейн" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奧塞提文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86" title="ਰਾਈਨ ਦਰਿਆ – 旁遮普文" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਾਈਨ ਦਰਿਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhein" title="Rhein – 普法爾茨德文" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Rhein" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="普法爾茨德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren" title="Ren – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ren" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren" title="Ren – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ren" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86" title="دریائے رائن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دریائے رائن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Reno" title="Rio Reno – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rio Reno" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhein" title="Rhein – 蓋楚瓦文" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rhein" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="蓋楚瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain" title="Rain – 羅曼斯文" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Rain" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="羅曼斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rin" title="Rin – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9ne,_jume" title="Réne, jume – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Réne, jume" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Рейн – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рейн" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Рін – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Рін" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renu" title="Renu – 西西里文" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Renu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine – 蘇格蘭文" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Rhine" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="蘇格蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86_%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="رائن ندي – 信德文" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="رائن ندي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajna" title="Rajna – 塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rajna" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhine_River" title="Rhine River – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rhine River" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BDn" title="Rýn – 斯洛伐克文" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rýn" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren" title="Ren – 斯洛維尼亞文" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ren" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛維尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumi_i_Rinit" title="Lumi i Rinit – 阿爾巴尼亞文" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lumi i Rinit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿爾巴尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рајна – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рајна" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhien" title="Rhien – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Rhien" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhen" title="Rhen – 瑞典文" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rhen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine – 史瓦希里文" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Rhine" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="史瓦希里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryn_(rzyka)" title="Ryn (rzyka) – 西利西亞文" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Ryn (rzyka)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西利西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81" title="ரைன் ஆறு – 坦米爾文" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரைன் ஆறு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="坦米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Рейн – 塔吉克文" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Рейн" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C" title="แม่น้ำไรน์ – 泰文" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แม่น้ำไรน์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%C3%BDn" title="Reýn – 土庫曼文" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Reýn" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土庫曼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilog_Rin" title="Ilog Rin – 塔加路族文" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ilog Rin" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="塔加路族文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rejn" title="Rejn – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Rejn" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren" title="Ren – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ren" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Рейн – 韃靼文" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Рейн" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="韃靼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Рейн – 沃蒂艾克文" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Рейн" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="沃蒂艾克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Рейн – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рейн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86" title="دریائے رائن – 烏都文" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دریائے رائن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="烏都文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reyn" title="Reyn – 烏茲別克文" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Reyn" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="烏茲別克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reno" title="Reno – 威尼斯文" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Reno" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rein" title="Rein – 維普森文" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Rein" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="維普森文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhein" title="Rhein – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rhein" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reyn" title="Reyn – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Reyn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rin" title="Rin – 沃拉普克文" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Rin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiwe_do_R%C3%A9n" title="Aiwe do Rén – 瓦隆文" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Aiwe do Rén" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salog_Rin" title="Salog Rin – 瓦瑞文" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Salog Rin" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3" title="莱茵河 – 吳語" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="莱茵河" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吳語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="რაინი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რაინი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F_(%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9A)" title="ריין (טייך) – 意第緒文" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ריין (טייך)" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第緒文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rijn" title="Rijn – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Rijn" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%BC_%E2%B5%8F_%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%8F" title="ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵔⴰⵢⵏ – 標準摩洛哥塔馬塞特文" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵔⴰⵢⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="標準摩洛哥塔馬塞特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3" title="莱茵河 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="莱茵河" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3" title="萊茵河 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="萊茵河" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhein_H%C3%B4" title="Rhein Hô – 閩南語" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Rhein Hô" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="閩南語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q584#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="改跨語言拎" class="wbc-editpage">改拎</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="空間名"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3" title="睇吓內容頁[c]" accesskey="c"><span>文章</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3" rel="discussion" title="關於內容頁嘅討論[t]" accesskey="t"><span>討論</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="改語言變體" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">粵語</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="外觀"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3&action=history" title="呢一頁之前嘅修訂[h]" accesskey="h"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="架撐" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">架撐</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">架撐</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">收埋</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="多啲選項" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 動作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3&action=history"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 基本 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%82%8A%E5%BA%A6%E9%8F%88%E5%8E%BB%E5%91%A2%E7%89%88/%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3" title="列出所有連接過嚟呢度嘅頁面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>有乜連過嚟</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%A4%96%E9%8F%88%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9/%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3" rel="nofollow" title="由呢版連出去嘅版嘅最近修改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>連結頁嘅更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E8%BC%89" title="上載檔案[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上載檔案</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%B0%88%E9%96%80%E7%89%88" title="所有專門版一覽[q]" accesskey="q"><span>專門版</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3&oldid=2189097" title="呢版呢個修訂嘅永久網址"><span>固定連結</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3&action=info" title="多啲同呢版有拏褦嘅資料"><span>此版明細</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8&page=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3&id=2189097&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="點樣引用呢頁嘅資訊"><span>引用呢篇文</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%2590%258A%25E8%258C%25B5%25E6%25B2%25B3"><span>攞短網址</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%2590%258A%25E8%258C%25B5%25E6%25B2%25B3"><span>下載QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/匯出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3&action=show-download-screen"><span>下載PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="呢一版印得嘅版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>印得嘅版本</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 第啲維基項目 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Rhine" hreflang="en"><span>維基同享</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q584" title="連到接住資料儲存庫嘅項目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>維基數據項</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="閱讀設定"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">閱讀設定</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">收埋</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="yue" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mittelrhein_Burg_Katz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Mittelrhein_Burg_Katz.jpg/220px-Mittelrhein_Burg_Katz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Mittelrhein_Burg_Katz.jpg/330px-Mittelrhein_Burg_Katz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Mittelrhein_Burg_Katz.jpg/440px-Mittelrhein_Burg_Katz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>萊茵河響<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E8%98%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萊茵蘭 (無呢版)">萊茵蘭</a>嗰段</figcaption></figure> <p><b>萊茵河</b>（德文：<b>Rhein</b>，瑞士德文：<b>Rhy</b>，法文：<b>Rhin</b>，荷蘭文：<b>Rijn</b>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%82%B3%E8%AA%9E" title="羅馬傳語">羅馬傳語</a>：<b>Rein</b>）係<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>第四長嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3" title="河">河</a>，有1,230<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E9%87%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="公里">公里</a>，短過<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%B3" title="伏加河">伏加河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%91%99%E6%B2%B3" title="多瑙河">多瑙河</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B6%E4%BC%AF%E6%B2%B3" title="聶伯河">聶伯河</a>。萊茵河由<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1" title="阿爾卑斯山">阿爾卑斯山</a>區開始流，經<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%94%AF%E6%95%A6%E5%A3%AB%E7%99%BB" title="列支敦士登">列支敦士登</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奧地利">奧地利</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="德國">德國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="法國">法國</a>，最後於<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" title="荷蘭">荷蘭</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="鹿特丹">鹿特丹</a>流入<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-disambig" title="北海">北海</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地質歷史"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E8.B3.AA.E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>地質歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯小節: 地質歷史"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="阿爾卑斯造山運動"><span id=".E9.98.BF.E7.88.BE.E5.8D.91.E6.96.AF.E9.80.A0.E5.B1.B1.E9.81.8B.E5.8B.95"></span>阿爾卑斯造山運動</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯小節: 阿爾卑斯造山運動"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rhinegrabencross.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Rhinegrabencross.jpg/220px-Rhinegrabencross.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Rhinegrabencross.jpg/330px-Rhinegrabencross.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Rhinegrabencross.jpg/440px-Rhinegrabencross.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1270" data-file-height="777" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3%E4%B8%8A%E6%B8%B8%E8%A3%82%E8%B0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萊茵河上游裂谷 (無呢版)">萊茵河上游裂谷</a>嘅示意圖</figcaption></figure> <p>萊茵河由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿爾卑斯山脈 (無呢版)">阿爾卑斯山脈</a>流向<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-disambig" title="北海">北海</a>盆地。佢而家嘅流域嘅地理同地質結構係由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E9%80%A0%E5%B1%B1%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿爾卑斯造山運動 (無呢版)">阿爾卑斯造山運動</a>開始形成嘅。 </p><p>喺南歐，呢個過程係由<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%96%8A%E7%B4%80" title="三疊紀">三疊紀</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%94%9F%E4%BB%A3" title="中生代">中生代</a>）開始嘅。大約240到220百萬年前，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%8F%90%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特提斯洋 (無呢版)">特提斯洋</a>喺<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E4%BA%9E%E6%9D%BF%E5%A1%8A" title="歐亞板塊">歐亞板塊</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E6%9D%BF%E5%A1%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非洲板塊 (無呢版)">非洲板塊</a>之間形成。而家嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="地中海">地中海</a>就係由呢個較大嘅特提斯海演變而成。大約180百萬年前，喺<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%8F%E7%BE%85%E7%B4%80" title="侏羅紀">侏羅紀</a>嘅時候，兩個板塊改變咗方向，開始壓縮特提斯海嘅海床，令到佢俾歐亞板塊吞噬，同時將歐亞板塊嘅邊緣推高，形成咗<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%B8%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="漸新世">漸新世</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="中新世">中新世</a>嘅阿爾卑斯造山運動。喺呢個過程中，幾個微型板塊被夾喺中間，轉動或者橫向移動，形成咗地中海地區嘅獨特地貌：伊比利亞半島推起咗<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E7%89%9B%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" class="mw-redirect" title="比利牛斯山脈">比利牛斯山脈</a>；意大利、阿爾卑斯山脈同安納托利亞向西移動，形成咗<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" title="希臘">希臘</a>嘅山脈同島嶼。呢個壓縮同造山嘅過程到而家仲繼續緊，每年山脈都會輕微抬升，而且仲有活火山嘅存在。 </p><p>喺北歐，北海盆地係喺三疊紀同侏羅紀形成嘅，之後一直都係沉積盆地。喺阿爾卑斯造山帶同北海盆地沉降區之間，仲有一啲由早期造山運動（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E8%A5%BF%E9%80%A0%E5%B1%B1%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海西造山運動 (無呢版)">海西造山運動</a>）形成嘅高地，好似<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%99%BB%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿登高原 (無呢版)">阿登高原</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E8%8F%B2%E7%88%BE%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艾菲爾高原 (無呢版)">艾菲爾高原</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%9A%E6%97%A5%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="孚日山脈 (無呢版)">孚日山脈</a>咁。 </p><p>由<a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%8B%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="始新世">始新世</a>開始，持續嘅阿爾卑斯造山運動令到呢個區域形成咗南北向嘅裂谷系統。呢個裂谷系統嘅主要部分包括德國西南部同法國東部嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3%E4%B8%8A%E6%B8%B8%E8%A3%82%E8%B0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萊茵河上游裂谷 (無呢版)">萊茵河上游裂谷</a>，同埋德國西北部同荷蘭東南部嘅萊茵河下游凹地。到咗中新世嘅時候，萊茵河上游裂谷已經形成咗一個河流系統，向北延伸，被認為係最早嘅萊茵河。嗰陣時，佢仲未有阿爾卑斯山嘅水源；反而係<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E7%B4%8D%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅納河 (無呢版)">羅納河</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%91%99%E6%B2%B3" title="多瑙河">多瑙河</a>排走咗阿爾卑斯山北麓嘅水。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="河流襲奪"><span id=".E6.B2.B3.E6.B5.81.E8.A5.B2.E5.A5.AA"></span>河流襲奪</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯小節: 河流襲奪"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>而家萊茵河嘅流域深入到<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿爾卑斯山脈 (無呢版)">阿爾卑斯山脈</a>，但一開始唔係咁樣嘅。<sup id="cite_ref-Ber_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ber-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>喺<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="中新世">中新世</a>嘅時候，萊茵河嘅流域淨係去到<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E8%8F%B2%E7%88%BE%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艾菲爾高原 (無呢版)">艾菲爾高原</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%8B%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="韋斯特瓦爾德山脈 (無呢版)">韋斯特瓦爾德山脈</a>，大約喺阿爾卑斯山北面450公里嘅位置。嗰陣時萊茵河有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8C%AB%E6%A0%BC%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="錫格河 (無呢版)">錫格河</a>做支流，但仲未有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E6%BE%A4%E7%88%BE%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="摩澤爾河 (無呢版)">摩澤爾河</a>。北面嘅阿爾卑斯山區就由<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%91%99%E6%B2%B3" title="多瑙河">多瑙河</a>排水。 </p><p>經過<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E8%A5%B2%E5%A5%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="河流襲奪 (無呢版)">河流襲奪</a>，萊茵河嘅流域向南擴展。到咗<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="上新世">上新世</a>嘅時候，萊茵河已經襲奪咗去到<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%9A%E6%97%A5%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="孚日山脈 (無呢版)">孚日山脈</a>嘅河流，包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3" title="美茵河">美茵河</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A7%E5%8D%A1%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="內卡河 (無呢版)">內卡河</a>。北面嘅阿爾卑斯山區嗰陣時由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E7%B4%8D%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅納河 (無呢版)">羅納河</a>排水。到咗<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="更新世">更新世</a>早期，萊茵河已經由羅納河度襲奪咗大部分而家喺阿爾卑斯山嘅流域，包括<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿勒河 (無呢版)">阿勒河</a>。由嗰陣時開始，萊茵河仲加咗<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%8C%A8%E6%B9%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="康斯坦茨湖 (無呢版)">康斯坦茨湖</a>上游嘅流域（前萊茵河、後萊茵河、阿爾卑斯萊茵河；由羅納河襲奪而來），美茵河喺<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%BD%E9%9F%8B%E5%9B%A0%E5%AF%8C%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="施韋因富特 (無呢版)">施韋因富特</a>以上嘅上游，同埋喺薩勒冰期由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%98%E8%8C%B2%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="默茲河 (無呢版)">默茲河</a>襲奪嘅孚日山脈嘅摩澤爾河。 </p><p>大約250萬年前（結束於11,600年前），冰河時期開始。由大約60萬年前開始，出現過六次主要嘅冰川期，令到海平面降低多達120米，大陸邊緣嘅好多地方都暴露咗出嚟。喺<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A9%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="早更新世 (無呢版)">早更新世</a>嘅時候，萊茵河向西北方向流，穿過而家嘅北海。喺所謂嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E6%A0%BC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%86%B0%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安格利亞冰期 (無呢版)">安格利亞冰期</a>（約45萬年前，海洋氧同位素階段12），而家北海嘅北部被冰塊阻塞，形成咗一個大湖，溢出嘅水經過<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%90%89%E5%88%A9%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="英吉利海峽">英吉利海峽</a>。呢個情況令到萊茵河改道經過英吉利海峽。由嗰陣時開始，喺冰川時期，河口位置喺而家<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%B8%83%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法國布雷斯特 (無呢版)">法國布雷斯特</a>嘅離岸位置，而<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E6%99%A4%E5%A3%AB%E6%B2%B3" title="泰晤士河">泰晤士河</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%B4%8D%E6%B2%B3" title="塞納河">塞納河</a>呢啲河變成咗萊茵河嘅支流。喺間冰期，當海平面上升到差唔多而家嘅水平嘅時候，萊茵河喺而家嘅荷蘭位置形成咗三角洲。 </p><p>最近嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冰川期 (無呢版)">冰川期</a>由大約74,000年前開始，一直到<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="更新世">更新世</a>結束（約11,600年前）。喺西北歐，出現咗兩個非常寒冷嘅時期，分別係大約70,000年前同29,000至24,000年前達到頂峰。最後嘅階段稍為早過全球最後冰期嘅最盛時期（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%AB%E6%AC%A1%E5%86%B0%E7%9B%9B%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="末次冰盛期 (無呢版)">末次冰盛期</a>）。喺呢段時間，下萊茵河大致向西流經荷蘭，再向西南延伸，經過英吉利海峽，最後流入大西洋。英吉利海峽、愛爾蘭海峽同大部分嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-disambig" title="北海">北海</a>都係旱地，主要因為海平面比而家低咗大約120米。 </p><p>喺上一次冰河時期，萊茵河而家嘅大部分流域都冇被冰覆蓋；雖然咁，佢嘅源頭仲係一定係冰川。一片<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%8D%E5%8E%9F" title="凍原">凍原</a>，有冰河時期嘅動植物群，由亞洲一直延伸到大西洋，橫跨中歐。喺<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%AB%E6%AC%A1%E5%86%B0%E7%9B%9B%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="末次冰盛期 (無呢版)">末次冰盛期</a>（約22,000至14,000年前）就係咁，冰蓋覆蓋住斯堪的納維亞、波羅的海、蘇格蘭同阿爾卑斯山脈，但中間嘅空間就係開放嘅凍原。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%83%E5%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黃土 (無呢版)">黃土</a>（風吹嚟嘅表土塵埃）由南面同北海平原吹嚟，沉積喺阿爾卑斯山脈、烏拉爾山脈同萊茵河谷嘅斜坡上，令到迎風嘅山谷特別肥沃。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="最後冰期嘅結束"><span id=".E6.9C.80.E5.BE.8C.E5.86.B0.E6.9C.9F.E5.98.85.E7.B5.90.E6.9D.9F"></span>最後冰期嘅結束</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&section=4" title="編輯小節: 最後冰期嘅結束"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>當西北歐由22,000年前開始慢慢回暖，凍結咗嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E5%9C%9F%E5%B1%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地下土層 (無呢版)">地下土層</a>同擴張咗嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E5%B1%B1%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高山冰川 (無呢版)">高山冰川</a>開始融化，秋冬積雪喺春天融化。好多水都流入萊茵河同佢下游嘅延伸部分。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMénotBardRostekWeijers2006_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMénotBardRostekWeijers2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>大約喺13,000年前，溫度急劇上升，植被變成開放森林。到咗9000年前，歐洲已經全部都係森林。隨住全球冰蓋縮小，海平面上升，英吉利海峽同北海重新注滿水。融冰水加上海洋同陸地<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%AE%BC%E4%B8%8B%E6%B2%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地殼下沉 (無呢版)">地殼下沉</a>，令到歐洲以前嘅海岸線俾水淹沒，形成<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E4%BE%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海侵 (無呢版)">海侵</a>。 </p><p>大約11,000年前，萊茵河河口位於多佛海峽。南部北海仲有啲旱地，叫做<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多格蘭 (無呢版)">多格蘭</a>，連接住歐洲大陸同英國。大約9000年前，最後嘅分水嶺被淹沒或者切斷咗。當呢啲事情發生嘅時候，已經有人類喺呢個地區生活。 </p><p>由7500年前開始，潮汐、洋流同地形嘅情況就好似而家咁樣。海平面上升嘅速度減慢，令到萊茵河嘅自然沉積同海岸過程可以廣泛咁彌補海水嘅侵蝕。喺南部北海，由於持續嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0%E6%B2%89%E9%99%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="構造沉降 (無呢版)">構造沉降</a>，海岸線同海床每世紀都下沉大約1到3厘米（過去3000年下沉咗1米或者39吋）。 </p><p>大約喺7000到5000年前，整體氣候變暖，鼓勵咗所有以前被冰鎖住嘅地方嘅人口遷移，包括順住<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%91%99%E6%B2%B3" title="多瑙河">多瑙河</a>向上游同順住萊茵河向下游嘅東方人。大約7500年前，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="地中海">地中海</a>經過<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%9A%E6%96%AF%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E6%96%AF%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="博斯普魯斯海峽 (無呢版)">博斯普魯斯海峽</a>湧入<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7" title="黑海">黑海</a>，可能引起咗<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%AA%E6%B0%B4%E5%81%87%E8%AA%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黑海大洪水假說 (無呢版)">黑海嘅突然大規模擴張</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="全新世三角洲"><span id=".E5.85.A8.E6.96.B0.E4.B8.96.E4.B8.89.E8.A7.92.E6.B4.B2"></span>全新世三角洲</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&section=5" title="編輯小節: 全新世三角洲"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>喺<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="全新世">全新世</a>初期（大約11,700年前），萊茵河佔據咗佢嘅晚冰期谷地。作為一條<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B2%E6%B5%81" class="mw-redirect" title="曲流">曲流</a>河，佢重新塑造咗佢嘅冰河時期氾濫平原。隨住荷蘭嘅海平面繼續上升，全新世萊茵-默茲三角洲開始形成（大約8,000年前）。絕對海平面上升同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="構造 (無呢版)">構造</a>沉降同時發生，對三角洲嘅演變有好大影響。其他影響三角洲形狀嘅重要因素包括<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9A%AE%E7%88%BE%E9%82%8A%E7%95%8C%E6%96%B7%E5%B1%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="皮爾邊界斷層 (無呢版)">皮爾邊界斷層</a>嘅局部構造活動、從上一次冰河時期繼承嚟嘅底層同<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="地貌">地貌</a>，以及海岸-海洋動力，例如沙洲同潮汐入口嘅形成。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohenStouthamerBerendsen2002_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohenStouthamerBerendsen2002-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>由大約3000年前開始，喺三角洲地區可以見到人類嘅影響。由於上游地區（德國中部）嘅土地開墾增加（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%8A%85%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="青銅時代">青銅時代</a>農業），萊茵河嘅沉積物負荷大幅增加<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoffmannErkensCohenHouben2007_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffmannErkensCohenHouben2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，三角洲嘅生長速度加快。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGouwErkens2007_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGouwErkens2007-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>呢個情況導致洪水同沉積增加，令到三角洲嘅泥炭形成停止。喺地質學上嘅近期，分配沉積物喺三角洲嘅主要過程係河道喺氾濫平原上轉移到新位置（叫做河道改道）。喺過去6000年，大約發生過80次河道改道。<sup id="cite_ref-Ber_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ber-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>人類喺三角洲嘅直接影響由<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC" title="古羅馬">古羅馬</a>時期開始，當時開始開採<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E7%82%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="泥炭">泥炭</a>嚟製鹽同做燃料。之後喺11至13世紀，主要分流河道俾人築堤，細嘅分流河道就俾人築壩。之後，運河俾人挖掘，河道嘅彎位俾人拉直，又建造咗<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%81%E5%A3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丁壩 (無呢版)">丁壩</a>去防止河道遷移或者淤塞。 </p><p>而家，瓦爾河同內德萊茵-萊克河分支經過以前嘅默茲河<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8F%A3" title="河口">河口</a>流入北海，喺鹿特丹附近。艾瑟爾河分支向北流，流入<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E7%91%9F%E7%88%BE%E6%B9%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艾瑟爾湖 (無呢版)">艾瑟爾湖</a>（以前叫做<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A0%88%E5%BE%B7%E7%88%BE%E6%B5%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="須德爾海 (無呢版)">須德爾海</a>），一開始係半鹹水潟湖，但自1932年之後變成咗淡水湖。萊茵河嘅水量分成三個分支：瓦爾河（總水量嘅6/9）、內德萊茵-萊克河（總水量嘅2/9）同艾瑟爾河（總水量嘅1/9）。呢個水量分配自1709年以嚟一直維持，靠嘅係河流工程，包括挖掘<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%98%E7%B4%8D%E7%99%BB%E9%81%8B%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="潘納登運河 (無呢版)">潘納登運河</a>，同埋喺20世紀喺<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A7%E5%BE%B7%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="內德萊茵河 (無呢版)">內德萊茵河</a>裝置咗一系列嘅堰壩。 </p><p>萊茵河同佢嘅支流塑造咗歐洲嘅地形同歷史，而家仲係歐洲最重要嘅航運通道之一。喺工業革命期間，萊茵河沿岸發展成為歐洲最大嘅工業區之一。雖然而家仲有好多工業活動，但萊茵河嘅生態系統喺過去幾十年已經有所改善。 </p><p>萊茵河嘅地質歷史反映咗歐洲大陸嘅演變，由古老嘅造山運動到近期嘅冰河時期，再到人類活動對自然環境嘅影響。呢條河見證咗歐洲嘅地質、氣候同人類歷史嘅變遷，而家仲繼續塑造住歐洲嘅地貌同文化。 </p><p>喺將來，氣候變化可能會對萊茵河產生重大影響。全球暖化可能會令到冰川融化加快，改變河流嘅水文特徵。同時，海平面上升可能會影響三角洲地區，令到需要更多嘅防洪措施。 </p><p>總括嚟講，萊茵河嘅地質歷史係一個複雜而動態嘅過程，反映咗地球系統嘅各種相互作用，包括板塊構造、氣候變化、河流動力學同人類活動。研究呢條河嘅歷史可以幫我哋更好噉理解歐洲嘅地質演變，同為將來嘅環境變化做好準備。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="軍事同文化歷史"><span id=".E8.BB.8D.E4.BA.8B.E5.90.8C.E6.96.87.E5.8C.96.E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>軍事同文化歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&section=6" title="編輯小節: 軍事同文化歷史"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E8%98%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萊茵蘭 (無呢版)">萊茵蘭</a></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">想知多啲：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3%E4%B9%8B%E7%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萊茵河之父 (無呢版)">萊茵河之父</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2009783">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/50px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/75px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/100px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>呢一節冇引<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%B9%E6%93%9A" title="Wikipedia:根據">出處或寫低根據</a>。</b><small><i>（January 2011）</i></small><br /><small class="plainlinks">唔該加返<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B1%82%E8%AD%89%E5%BE%97%E5%88%B0" title="Wikipedia:求證得到">可靠嘅來源</a>，幫手<a class="external text" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3&action=edit">改改呢篇文</a>（<a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Contents">教我點做</a>）<br />冇根據或冇出處嘅嘢可能隨時受到質疑；經唔起質疑就會俾人剷走。</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Loreley_von_Spitznack.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Loreley_von_Spitznack.jpg/220px-Loreley_von_Spitznack.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Loreley_von_Spitznack.jpg/330px-Loreley_von_Spitznack.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Loreley_von_Spitznack.jpg/440px-Loreley_von_Spitznack.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E8%95%BE%E8%90%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅蕾萊 (無呢版)">羅蕾萊</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="古代"><span id=".E5.8F.A4.E4.BB.A3"></span>古代</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&section=7" title="編輯小節: 古代"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">想知多啲：[[:<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E7%95%8C%E7%89%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼界牆 (無呢版)">日耳曼界牆</a>]]同[[:<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%A1%E9%81%8E%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="渡過萊茵河 (無呢版)">渡過萊茵河</a>]]</div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E7%BE%85%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7" title="希羅多德">希羅多德</a>唔知萊茵河嘅存在，佢第一次喺公元前一世紀嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E5%90%8C%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="希臘同羅馬地理 (無呢版)">希臘同羅馬地理</a>入面出現。嗰陣時，萊茵河係<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%9B%A7" title="高盧">高盧</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="日耳曼尼亞">日耳曼尼亞</a>嘅分界線。「估計日耳曼部族由公元前2000年開始喺呢度居住。」<sup>[無出處]</sup> </p><p>上萊茵河地區由公元前6世紀開始係<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E7%88%BE%E6%96%BD%E5%A1%94%E7%89%B9%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈爾施塔特文化 (無呢版)">哈爾施塔特文化</a>嘅一部分，到咗公元前一世紀，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E5%A0%85%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉堅文化 (無呢版)">拉堅文化</a>幾乎覆蓋咗成條河，形成同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雅斯托夫文化 (無呢版)">雅斯托夫文化</a>嘅接觸區，即係早期<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%B1%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="凱爾特人">凱爾特人</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="日耳曼人">日耳曼人</a>文化接觸嘅地方。 </p><p>喺羅馬地理入面，萊茵河係「高盧」同「日耳曼尼亞」嘅界線。例如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%9B%E9%AD%AF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%91%9F%E7%B6%AD%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E8%AB%BE%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%96%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="毛魯斯·瑟維烏斯·霍諾拉圖斯 (無呢版)">毛魯斯·瑟維烏斯·霍諾拉圖斯</a>喺《《埃涅阿斯紀》注釋》(8.727)寫道：「（萊茵河）係高盧嘅河流，將日耳曼人同高盧人分開。」 </p><p>喺羅馬地理入面，萊茵河同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%AB%E7%88%BE%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赫爾西尼亞森林 (無呢版)">赫爾西尼亞森林</a>被視為文明世界嘅邊界；由於係一片荒野，羅馬人好想去探索。呢個觀點喺<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E9%83%BD" title="奧古斯都">奧古斯都</a>嘅長篇公開銘文《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E5%A5%A7%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E9%83%BD%E4%B9%8B%E5%8A%9F%E7%B8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神聖奧古斯都之功績 (無呢版)">神聖奧古斯都之功績</a>》入面體現出嚟，佢喺度誇耀自己嘅功績，包括派遣一支探險艦隊到萊茵河口以北嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古薩克森 (無呢版)">古薩克森</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%AD" title="日德蘭">日德蘭</a>，佢聲稱冇羅馬人試過咁做。 </p><p>奧古斯都命令佢嘅繼子羅馬將軍<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E9%AD%AF%E8%98%87%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德魯蘇斯 (無呢版)">德魯蘇斯</a>喺萊茵河沿岸建立50個<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E7%87%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="軍營">軍營</a>，喺公元前12年開始咗<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼戰爭 (無呢版)">日耳曼戰爭</a>。嗰陣時，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5" title="下萊茵">下萊茵</a>平原係<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%A4%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尤比人 (無呢版)">尤比人</a>嘅領土。第一個城市聚落喺而家嘅科隆市中心附近，喺萊茵河沿岸，係公元前38年由尤比人建立嘅「尤比人城堡」。科隆喺公元50年被羅馬人承認為城市，叫做「克勞迪亞·阿格里皮娜殖民地」。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Castellum_NigrumPullum_vogelvlucht_impressie_Stevie_Xinas_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Castellum_NigrumPullum_vogelvlucht_impressie_Stevie_Xinas_2016.jpg/220px-Castellum_NigrumPullum_vogelvlucht_impressie_Stevie_Xinas_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Castellum_NigrumPullum_vogelvlucht_impressie_Stevie_Xinas_2016.jpg/330px-Castellum_NigrumPullum_vogelvlucht_impressie_Stevie_Xinas_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Castellum_NigrumPullum_vogelvlucht_impressie_Stevie_Xinas_2016.jpg/440px-Castellum_NigrumPullum_vogelvlucht_impressie_Stevie_Xinas_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1304" /></a><figcaption>荷蘭茨瓦默丹嘅「黑色小雞城堡」，藝術家Stevie Xinas嘅印象圖</figcaption></figure> <p>由奧古斯都喺公元14年去世到公元70年之後，羅馬接受咗萊茵河同上<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%91%99%E6%B2%B3" title="多瑙河">多瑙河</a>嘅水域邊界作為佢哋嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E9%82%8A%E7%95%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼邊界 (無呢版)">日耳曼邊界</a>。喺呢啲河流以外，佢哋只係控制咗對住羅馬邊境要塞莫貢提亞庫姆（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%A0%E8%8C%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="美因茨">美因茨</a>）嘅肥沃<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F" title="法蘭克福">法蘭克福</a>平原、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97" title="黑森林">黑森林</a>最南端嘅山坡同埋幾個分散嘅橋頭堡。呢個邊界嘅北部，即係萊茵河又深又闊嘅地方，一直係羅馬嘅邊界，直到帝國滅亡。南部就唔同。上萊茵河同上多瑙河好易過。佢哋形成嘅邊界太長，喺而家嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E7%99%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴登 (無呢版)">巴登</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%A6%E9%A8%B0%E5%A0%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="符騰堡 (無呢版)">符騰堡</a>之間圍咗一個尖角形嘅外國領土。喺羅馬時期，呢啲地方嘅日耳曼人口似乎唔多，而而家<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E8%96%A9%E6%96%AF-%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿爾薩斯-洛林 (無呢版)">阿爾薩斯-洛林</a>嘅羅馬臣民已經向東跨過咗條河。 </p><p>羅馬人喺萊茵河沿岸嘅五個基地駐紮咗八個軍團。隨住更多部隊被調去多瑙河，呢個數目減到四個。每個基地或者總共有幾多軍團，要視乎當時係咪有戰爭或者戰爭威脅。大約喺公元14年到180年之間，軍團嘅分配如下： </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="下日耳曼尼亞 (無呢版)">下日耳曼尼亞</a>軍：兩個軍團喺維特拉（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A1%91%E6%BB%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="桑滕 (無呢版)">桑滕</a>），分別係「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%BB%8D%E5%9C%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第一日耳曼軍團 (無呢版)">第一日耳曼軍團</a>」同「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E7%93%A6%E8%90%8A%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E5%8B%9D%E5%88%A9%E8%BB%8D%E5%9C%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第二十瓦萊里亞勝利軍團 (無呢版)">第二十瓦萊里亞勝利軍團</a>」（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%98%E8%AB%BE%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="潘諾尼亞 (無呢版)">潘諾尼亞</a>部隊）；兩個軍團喺尤比人城堡（「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%A4%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尤比人 (無呢版)">尤比人</a>嘅城鎮」），後來改名做阿格里皮娜殖民地，即係而家嘅<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E9%9A%86" class="mw-disambig" title="科隆">科隆</a>，分別係「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E7%99%BE%E9%9D%88%E9%B3%A5%E8%BB%8D%E5%9C%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第五百靈鳥軍團 (無呢版)">第五百靈鳥軍團</a>」，係由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E7%9B%A7%E7%B4%8D%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%9A%E7%B4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高盧納爾博納 (無呢版)">高盧納爾博納</a>招募嘅凱爾特軍團，同「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E5%8A%AB%E6%8E%A0%E8%BB%8D%E5%9C%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第二十一劫掠軍團 (無呢版)">第二十一劫掠軍團</a>」，可能係嚟自帝國另一邊嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加拉太 (無呢版)">加拉太</a>軍團。 </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上日耳曼尼亞 (無呢版)">上日耳曼尼亞</a>軍：一個軍團，「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%A5%A7%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E9%83%BD%E8%BB%8D%E5%9C%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第二奧古斯都軍團 (無呢版)">第二奧古斯都軍團</a>」，喺阿爾根托拉圖姆（<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1" title="斯特拉斯堡">斯特拉斯堡</a>）；同埋一個，「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E9%9B%99%E5%AD%90%E8%BB%8D%E5%9C%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第十三雙子軍團 (無呢版)">第十三雙子軍團</a>」，喺溫多尼薩（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%AB%E8%BF%AA%E6%96%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="溫迪施 (無呢版)">溫迪施</a>）。維斯帕先未做皇帝之前曾經指揮過第二奧古斯都軍團。此外，仲有一個雙軍團，第十四同第十六，駐紮喺莫貢提亞庫姆（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%A0%E8%8C%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="美因茨">美因茨</a>）。 </p><p>原來嘅兩個軍區<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="下日耳曼尼亞 (無呢版)">下日耳曼尼亞</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上日耳曼尼亞 (無呢版)">上日耳曼尼亞</a>，開始影響到周圍嘅部落，佢哋之後喺結盟同聯盟中都尊重呢個區分。例如，上日耳曼人組成咗<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="阿勒曼尼人">阿勒曼尼人</a>。有一段時間，萊茵河唔再係邊界，因為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="法蘭克人">法蘭克人</a>過咗條河，佔領咗由羅馬統治嘅凱爾特<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%9B%A7" title="高盧">高盧</a>，遠至巴黎。 </p><p>喺<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%B7%E5%BE%99" class="mw-redirect" title="民族大遷徙">民族大遷徙</a>期間，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E9%83%A8%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼部族 (無呢版)">日耳曼部族</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%A1%E9%81%8E%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="渡過萊茵河 (無呢版)">渡過萊茵河</a>，到咗5世紀，喺<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5" title="下萊茵">下萊茵</a>建立咗<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法蘭克 (無呢版)">法蘭克</a>王國，喺<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5" title="上萊茵">上萊茵</a>建立咗<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="勃艮第王國 (無呢版)">勃艮第王國</a>，喺<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高萊茵 (無呢版)">高萊茵</a>建立咗<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿勒曼尼亞 (無呢版)">阿勒曼尼亞</a>。呢個「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%8B%B1%E9%9B%84%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼英雄時代 (無呢版)">日耳曼英雄時代</a>」反映喺中世紀傳說入面，好似《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E4%BC%AF%E9%BE%8D%E6%A0%B9%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼伯龍根之歌 (無呢版)">尼伯龍根之歌</a>》講到英雄齊格飛喺波恩附近嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BE%8D%E5%B2%A9%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%83%E5%B1%B1%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="龍岩（七山） (無呢版)">龍岩（七山）</a>（「龍岩」）殺死一條龍，仲有勃艮第人同佢哋喺萊茵河畔嘅沃爾姆斯宮廷，同埋克里姆希爾德嘅金寶藏，被哈根拋入萊茵河。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中世紀同現代歷史"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E4.B8.96.E7.B4.80.E5.90.8C.E7.8F.BE.E4.BB.A3.E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>中世紀同現代歷史</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&section=8" title="編輯小節: 中世紀同現代歷史"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">想知多啲：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B5%AA%E6%BC%AB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萊茵浪漫主義 (無呢版)">萊茵浪漫主義</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_XIV_crosses_the_Rhine_at_Lobith_-_Lodewijk_XIV_trekt_bij_het_Tolhuis_bij_Lobith_de_Rijn_over,_12_juni_1672_(Adam_Frans_van_der_Meulen).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Louis_XIV_crosses_the_Rhine_at_Lobith_-_Lodewijk_XIV_trekt_bij_het_Tolhuis_bij_Lobith_de_Rijn_over%2C_12_juni_1672_%28Adam_Frans_van_der_Meulen%29.jpg/220px-Louis_XIV_crosses_the_Rhine_at_Lobith_-_Lodewijk_XIV_trekt_bij_het_Tolhuis_bij_Lobith_de_Rijn_over%2C_12_juni_1672_%28Adam_Frans_van_der_Meulen%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Louis_XIV_crosses_the_Rhine_at_Lobith_-_Lodewijk_XIV_trekt_bij_het_Tolhuis_bij_Lobith_de_Rijn_over%2C_12_juni_1672_%28Adam_Frans_van_der_Meulen%29.jpg/330px-Louis_XIV_crosses_the_Rhine_at_Lobith_-_Lodewijk_XIV_trekt_bij_het_Tolhuis_bij_Lobith_de_Rijn_over%2C_12_juni_1672_%28Adam_Frans_van_der_Meulen%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Louis_XIV_crosses_the_Rhine_at_Lobith_-_Lodewijk_XIV_trekt_bij_het_Tolhuis_bij_Lobith_de_Rijn_over%2C_12_juni_1672_%28Adam_Frans_van_der_Meulen%29.jpg/440px-Louis_XIV_crosses_the_Rhine_at_Lobith_-_Lodewijk_XIV_trekt_bij_het_Tolhuis_bij_Lobith_de_Rijn_over%2C_12_juni_1672_%28Adam_Frans_van_der_Meulen%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7060" data-file-height="4416" /></a><figcaption>1672年，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法國路易十四 (無呢版)">法國路易十四</a>率領嘅法國軍隊喺<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%8D%B7%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法荷戰爭 (無呢版)">法荷戰爭</a>期間喺洛比特渡過萊茵河進入荷蘭。</figcaption></figure> <p>到咗6世紀，萊茵河已經喺<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="法蘭克王國">法蘭克王國</a>嘅境內。喺9世紀，佢成為咗<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中法蘭克 (無呢版)">中法蘭克</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B1%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="東法蘭克 (無呢版)">東法蘭克</a>之間嘅邊界嘅一部分，但到咗10世紀，佢完全喺<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="神聖羅馬帝國">神聖羅馬帝國</a>境內，流經<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A3%AB%E7%93%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="士瓦比亞 (無呢版)">士瓦比亞</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法蘭克尼亞 (無呢版)">法蘭克尼亞</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="下洛林 (無呢版)">下洛林</a>。萊茵河嘅河口，即係<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5%E9%A0%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷蘭伯爵領 (無呢版)">荷蘭伯爵領</a>，喺15世紀歸入<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="勃艮第尼德蘭 (無呢版)">勃艮第尼德蘭</a>；荷蘭喺整個<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐洲宗教戰爭 (無呢版)">歐洲宗教戰爭</a>期間同最終神聖羅馬帝國崩潰嘅時候一直都係有爭議嘅領土，當時成條萊茵河都歸咗<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="法蘭西第一帝國">法蘭西第一帝國</a>同佢嘅附庸國。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5" title="上萊茵">上萊茵</a>左岸嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E8%96%A9%E6%96%AF" title="阿爾薩斯">阿爾薩斯</a>喺1469年由奧地利大公<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-disambig" title="西吉斯蒙德">西吉斯蒙德</a>賣畀勃艮第，最後喺<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="三十年戰爭">三十年戰爭</a>期間歸入<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法國王國 (無呢版)">法國王國</a>。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E8%98%AD-%E6%99%AE%E6%B3%95%E7%88%BE%E8%8C%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萊茵蘭-普法爾茨 (無呢版)">萊茵蘭-普法爾茨</a>嘅眾多歷史<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E8%98%AD-%E6%99%AE%E6%B3%95%E7%88%BE%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萊茵蘭-普法爾茨城堡列表 (無呢版)">城堡</a>見證咗呢條河作為商業路線嘅重要性。 </p><p>自從<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%92%8C%E7%B4%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威斯特伐利亞和約 (無呢版)">威斯特伐利亞和約</a>之後，上萊茵河形成咗法國同德國之間有爭議嘅邊界。將萊茵河定為「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E9%82%8A%E7%95%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自然邊界 (無呢版)">自然邊界</a>」係法國對外政策由<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="中世紀">中世紀</a>以嚟嘅長期目標，儘管<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E9%82%8A%E7%95%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="語言邊界 (無呢版)">語言邊界</a>喺更加西邊。法國領袖，例如<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B" title="路易十四">路易十四</a>同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E4%BE%96%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拿破侖一世 (無呢版)">拿破侖一世</a>，都試過用唔同程度嘅成功去吞併萊茵河以西嘅土地。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萊茵聯邦 (無呢版)">萊茵聯邦</a>係拿破侖喺1806年建立嘅法國<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%99%84%E5%BA%B8%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="附庸國 (無呢版)">附庸國</a>，一直維持到1814年，喺呢段時間，佢係<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="法蘭西第一帝國">法蘭西第一帝國</a>嘅重要資源同軍事力量嚟源。1840年，由法國總理<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%A2%AF%E4%B9%9F%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿道夫·梯也爾 (無呢版)">阿道夫·梯也爾</a>想將萊茵河重新定為自然邊界而引發嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萊茵危機 (無呢版)">萊茵危機</a>，導致咗一場外交危機同德國嘅民族主義浪潮。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Newfoundland_Regiment_crossing_the_Rhine_into_Germany.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Royal_Newfoundland_Regiment_crossing_the_Rhine_into_Germany.jpg/220px-Royal_Newfoundland_Regiment_crossing_the_Rhine_into_Germany.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Royal_Newfoundland_Regiment_crossing_the_Rhine_into_Germany.jpg/330px-Royal_Newfoundland_Regiment_crossing_the_Rhine_into_Germany.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Royal_Newfoundland_Regiment_crossing_the_Rhine_into_Germany.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="269" /></a><figcaption>一戰結束後，1918年12月，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%90%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="紐芬蘭皇家團 (無呢版)">紐芬蘭皇家團</a>嘅盟軍士兵渡過萊茵河進入德國</figcaption></figure> <p>喺19世紀德國國家形成期間，萊茵河成為咗<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德國民族主義 (無呢版)">德國民族主義</a>嘅重要象徵（睇<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B5%AA%E6%BC%AB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萊茵浪漫主義 (無呢版)">萊茵浪漫主義</a>）。 </p> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%88%E8%A1%9B%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3" title="守衛萊茵河">守衛萊茵河</a>》呢首歌，差啲成為國歌。</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E7%9A%84%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萊茵的黃金 (無呢版)">萊茵的黃金</a>》－受到《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E4%BC%AF%E9%BE%8D%E6%A0%B9%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼伯龍根之歌 (無呢版)">尼伯龍根之歌</a>》嘅啟發，萊茵河係<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E6%A0%BC%E7%B4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="華格納">華格納</a>嘅《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E4%BC%AF%E9%BE%8D%E6%A0%B9%E7%9A%84%E6%8C%87%E7%92%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼伯龍根的指環 (無呢版)">尼伯龍根的指環</a>》第一齣歌劇嘅場景之一。呢個史詩嘅開頭同結尾都喺萊茵河底下，有三個萊茵少女喺度游水保護一堆金子。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E8%95%BE%E8%90%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅蕾萊 (無呢版)">羅蕾萊</a>係萊茵河東岸嘅一塊岩石，同幾個傳說、詩歌同歌曲有關。呢個河段以對冇經驗嘅航海者嚟講好有挑戰性而聞名。</li></ul> <p>喺<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" title="第一次世界大戰">第一次世界大戰</a>結束嘅時候，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E8%98%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萊茵蘭 (無呢版)">萊茵蘭</a>受到<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A1%E7%88%BE%E8%B3%BD%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="凡爾賽條約">凡爾賽條約</a>嘅規定。條約規定呢度會畀盟軍佔領到1935年，之後會成為非軍事區，禁止德國軍隊進入。凡爾賽條約同呢項特別規定通常都令到德國好唔滿。盟軍軍隊喺1930年離開咗萊茵蘭，跟住<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿道夫·希特勒 (無呢版)">阿道夫·希特勒</a>上台之後，德國軍隊喺1936年重新佔領咗呢度，呢個行動喺德國非常受歡迎。雖然盟軍可能阻止到呢次重新佔領，但英國同法國冇意願咁做，呢個係佢哋對希特勒<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%8F%E9%9D%96%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" class="mw-redirect" title="綏靖政策">綏靖政策</a>嘅一個特徵。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crossingtherhine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Crossingtherhine.jpg/220px-Crossingtherhine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Crossingtherhine.jpg/330px-Crossingtherhine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Crossingtherhine.jpg/440px-Crossingtherhine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2731" data-file-height="2196" /></a><figcaption>1945年3月24日，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D%E7%AC%AC89%E6%AD%A5%E5%85%B5%E5%B8%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美國陸軍第89步兵師 (無呢版)">美國陸軍第89步兵師</a>嘅士兵喺德軍炮火下乘坐突擊艇渡過萊茵河，係<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%A1%E6%B2%B3%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大渡河作戰 (無呢版)">大渡河作戰</a>嘅一部分。</figcaption></figure> <p>喺<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" title="第二次世界大戰">第二次世界大戰</a>期間，人哋認識到萊茵河會成為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E7%9B%9F%E8%BB%8D%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西方盟軍入侵德國 (無呢版)">西方盟軍入侵德國</a>嘅一個天然障礙。《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%AA%E6%A9%8B%E9%81%99%E9%81%99%E8%B7%AF%EF%BC%88%E6%9B%B8%E7%B1%8D%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奪橋遙遙路（書籍） (無呢版)">奪橋遙遙路</a>》同<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%AA%E6%A9%8B%E9%81%99%E9%81%99%E8%B7%AF%EF%BC%88%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奪橋遙遙路（電影） (無呢版)">同名電影</a>入面講到嘅阿納姆嘅萊茵河橋，係1944年9月失敗咗嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4%E8%8A%B1%E5%9C%92%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="市場花園行動 (無呢版)">市場花園行動</a>期間<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%B4%8D%E5%A7%86%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿納姆戰役 (無呢版)">阿納姆戰役</a>嘅中心。跨過萊茵河支流瓦爾河嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E6%A2%85%E4%BA%A8" title="奈梅亨">奈梅亨</a>橋都係市場花園行動嘅目標之一。喺另一個行動中，跨過萊茵河嘅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%80%AB%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%AB%E6%A9%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="倫多夫橋 (無呢版)">倫多夫橋</a>因為美軍意外咁完整咁佔領咗佢而出名 - 連佢哋自己都好驚訝 - 因為德軍冇成功拆咗佢。呢件事之後都拍成咗一齣電影，叫《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%B7%E9%A6%AC%E6%A0%B9%E5%A4%A7%E6%A9%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雷馬根大橋 (無呢版)">雷馬根大橋</a>》。《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%83%E6%97%A5%E5%88%B0%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="七日到萊茵河 (無呢版)">七日到萊茵河</a>》係<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8F%AF%E6%B2%99%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="華沙條約組織 (無呢版)">華沙條約組織</a>喺<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%88%B0" title="冷戰">冷戰</a>期間為入侵西歐而制定嘅一個戰爭計劃。 </p><p>直到1932年，萊茵河公認嘅長度係1,230公里（760英里）。1932年，德國百科全書《Knaurs Lexikon》將長度列為1,320公里（820英里），可能係印刷錯誤。呢個數字之後畀人放入權威嘅《布洛克豪斯百科全書》之後，就變得公認，仲進入咗好多教科書同官方出版物。2010年先發現呢個錯誤，荷蘭水利部確認真正嘅長度係1,232公里（766英里）。<sup id="cite_ref-length_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-length-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註"><span id=".E8.A8.BB"></span>註</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&section=9" title="編輯小節: 註"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-length-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-length_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="yue" dir="ltr">引用錯誤無效嘅<code><ref></code>標籤；無文字提供畀叫做<code>length</code>嘅參照</span></li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="疏仕"><span id=".E7.96.8F.E4.BB.95"></span>疏仕</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&section=10" title="編輯小節: 疏仕"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2020813">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ber-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ber_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ber_1-1">1.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerendsenStouthamer2001">Berendsen & Stouthamer 2001</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMénotBardRostekWeijers2006-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMénotBardRostekWeijers2006_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMénotBardRostekWeijers2006">Ménot et al. 2006</a>.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harv error: no target: CITEREFMénotBardRostekWeijers2006 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors (無呢版)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECohenStouthamerBerendsen2002-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohenStouthamerBerendsen2002_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCohenStouthamerBerendsen2002">Cohen, Stouthamer & Berendsen 2002</a>.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harv error: no target: CITEREFCohenStouthamerBerendsen2002 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors (無呢版)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffmannErkensCohenHouben2007-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoffmannErkensCohenHouben2007_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoffmannErkensCohenHouben2007">Hoffmann et al. 2007</a>.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harv error: no target: CITEREFHoffmannErkensCohenHouben2007 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors (無呢版)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGouwErkens2007-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGouwErkens2007_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGouwErkens2007">Gouw & Erkens 2007</a>.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harv error: no target: CITEREFGouwErkens2007 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors (無呢版)">help</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img 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