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vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-10"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_separator wpb_content_element vc_separator_align_center vc_sep_width_100 vc_sep_pos_align_center vc_separator_no_text vc_sep_color_white" ><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_l"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_r"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><strong>I’m hovering 10 metres above the surface of Mars</strong>, piloting Ingenuity – a tissue-box-sized helicopter – as it skitters and soars overs the rippled surface of Jezero Crater. Delicately engineered carbon fibre blades gently whir, barely audible against my imposing orchestral soundtrack.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-18343 size-full" src="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Edu_template_Cosmos-Magazine-tag.png?x50614" alt="" width="1920" height="1080" srcset="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Edu_template_Cosmos-Magazine-tag.png 1920w, https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Edu_template_Cosmos-Magazine-tag-300x169.png 300w, https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Edu_template_Cosmos-Magazine-tag-1024x576.png 1024w, https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Edu_template_Cosmos-Magazine-tag-768x432.png 768w, https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Edu_template_Cosmos-Magazine-tag-1536x864.png 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>I’m not wearing a spacesuit, more than 90 million kilometres from Earth. Instead, I’m wedged in the study nook of a terrace house in Melbourne, where the most uncomfortable part of my outfit is the virtual reality headset that’s plugged into a laptop. But as I guide the tiny spacecraft, alone in the expansive, unearthly vista of Mars, I feel a long way from home.</p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_separator wpb_content_element vc_separator_align_center vc_sep_width_100 vc_sep_pos_align_center vc_separator_no_text vc_sep_color_#000000" ><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_l"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_r"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h3><span style="color: #f26e23;">The 3D path to Martian learning </span></h3> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>By the time Perseverance’s carefully packed drone-copter, Ingenuity, took its first flight on 19 April 2021, gamers had been exploring the Martian surface for months. Mars Flight VR, a flight simulator by Melbourne video game developer Conor O’Kane, allows players to use the small, solar-powered helicopter to explore the neighbourhood of Jezero Crater, landing site for the rover, Perseverance.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>With controller in hand, players steer the ruler-length helicopter, nicknamed Ginny, over the planet’s landscape, sometimes completing science missions, including taking photographs of selected sites.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <figure id="attachment_18346" class="thumbnail wp-caption alignright" style="width: 300px"><img decoding="async" class="wp-image-18346 size-medium" src="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Testing-300x200.jpg?x50614" alt="" width="300" height="200" srcset="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Testing-300x200.jpg 300w, https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Testing-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Testing-768x512.jpg 768w, https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Testing-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Testing-2048x1365.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /><figcaption class="caption wp-caption-text">Image Credit: CONOR O’KANE / MARS FLIGHT VR</figcaption></figure> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Experiencing Mars in virtual reality eclipses two-dimensional video or photos, says O’Kane. Immersed in 3D, players can better appreciate the planet’s topology, gaining a sense of distance and scale.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <blockquote style="color: #045e83;"><p> <strong> “You can see, oh, we’re going to land here,” O’Kane says. “And it’s only a couple of hundred metres to the hills. You can see how high the hills are. “My hope is that people will start to think, ‘why are there hills like this on Mars?’ And then they’ll read a bit about it. And they’ll learn, actually these hills are not just hills, they’re a river delta deposited by a river flowing for millions of years.” </strong> </p></blockquote> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span class="TextRun SCXW177805183 BCX9" lang="EN-GB" xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW177805183 BCX9">Video games might seem an escapist distraction, but O’Kane thinks they have </span><span class="NormalTextRun AdvancedProofingIssueV2Themed SCXW177805183 BCX9">huge potential</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW177805183 BCX9"> as a vehicle for science advocacy. By presenting people with a simulator that makes Mars seem real, he believes a new generation will be inspired to learn more about science and planetary exploration.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW177805183 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{}"> </span></p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>They’re grand aims to grow from what started as a quirky hobby. Six years ago, O’Kane began home-making sections of the Martian landscape. Starting with digital terrain data from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment – HiRISE – he used a home 3D printer to replicate slices of Martian landscape in 1:20,000 scale before painting them in colourful acrylics.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <blockquote style="color: #045e83;"><p> <strong> “So I had been getting into this … then I thought I could take the landing site for this new mission, Perseverance … and fly around it in VR before the helicopter even gets there.” </strong> </p></blockquote> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Professionally, O’Kane has worked as a video games developer and technical artist for more than two decades. Relying on his knowledge of programming and 3D printing, he imported the Mars terrain data into the Unity video game engine and began to bring it to life in virtual reality.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Aiming for accuracy, in 2018 he toted a VR headset, laptop and game demo to the Mars Society Convention in Los Angeles with funding assistance from Film Victoria. There, he met people from NASA – even some working on the Perseverance mission – and other engineers interested in space flight, who provided feedback on details like the atmospheric density on Mars, and the properties of the helicopter.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <blockquote style="color: #045e83;"><p> <strong> “Of course, the real helicopter flies itself, you don’t directly control it, you just give it a destination and it flies. But that’s no fun in video games,” O’Kane says. “So, I tried to make it feel as much like flying on Mars as I can while still being accessible.” </strong> </p></blockquote> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <figure id="attachment_18336" class="thumbnail wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 1024px"><img decoding="async" class="wp-image-18336 size-large" src="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Screenshot02-1024x509.jpg?x50614" alt="" width="1024" height="509" srcset="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Screenshot02-1024x509.jpg 1024w, https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Screenshot02-300x149.jpg 300w, https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Screenshot02-768x382.jpg 768w, https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Screenshot02-1536x764.jpg 1536w, https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Screenshot02-2048x1019.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="caption wp-caption-text">Image Credit: CONOR O’KANE / MARS FLIGHT VR</figcaption></figure> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Mars Flight VR includes missions in which the player has to capture photographs of nearby rocks in a short time. This tests the player’s ability to fly quickly, and also to perform a stable hover to capture the image from the correct angle. Mars Flight VR started out as a quirky pastime for developer Conor O’Kane. Using image files sourced from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter’s HiRISE camera, he’d make and colour 3D printed models of Martian landscapes.</p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_separator wpb_content_element vc_separator_align_center vc_sep_width_100 vc_sep_pos_align_center vc_separator_no_text vc_sep_color_#000000" ><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_l"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_r"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h3><span style="color: #f26e23;">LPL: open access lab </span></h3> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Known for its deserts and canyons, the US state of Arizona is home to a research lab which has been photographing the Red Planet in high resolution detail since 2006.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>The University of Arizona’s Lunar and Planetary Laboratory (LPL) operates HiRISE, the powerful camera onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>So far, HiRISE has captured around 4% of the Mars surface. Images of the planet are acquired from orbit by a powerful camera, relayed through deep space networks and then processed by LPL into digital topography models of the Martian landscape.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <figure id="attachment_18359" class="thumbnail wp-caption alignright" style="width: 300px"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-18359 size-medium" src="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Screenshot-HiRISE-Image-and-Martian-Landscapes-300x174.png?x50614" alt="" width="300" height="174" srcset="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Screenshot-HiRISE-Image-and-Martian-Landscapes-300x174.png 300w, https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Screenshot-HiRISE-Image-and-Martian-Landscapes-1024x595.png 1024w, https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Screenshot-HiRISE-Image-and-Martian-Landscapes-768x446.png 768w, https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Screenshot-HiRISE-Image-and-Martian-Landscapes.png 1252w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /><figcaption class="caption wp-caption-text">Image credit: CONOR O’KANE / HIRISE</figcaption></figure> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>The images and data play an important scientific role, helping to reveal the planet’s environmental history and its geological processes. One research project used the data to look at how carbon dioxide sublimates, changing phase between ice and vapour, and is the driving force behind erosion and change on the planet.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><span class="TextRun SCXW107777349 BCX9" lang="EN-GB" xml:lang="EN-GB" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW107777349 BCX9">HiRISE research scientist Dr Matthew </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW107777349 BCX9">Chojnacki</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW107777349 BCX9"> says, “a lot of the gully activity for example, </span><span class="NormalTextRun AdvancedProofingIssueV2Themed SCXW107777349 BCX9">is largely, we</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW107777349 BCX9"> think, driven by carbon dioxide processes, its phase change … How it occurs and travels from one side of the planet to the other, and accumulates in these darker, colder local regions.”</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW107777349 BCX9" data-ccp-props="{}"> </span></p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Yet, far from being exclusive or out-of-reach, HiRISE is “the people’s camera”.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>LPL’s commitment to public outreach sees Mars images and data released on a monthly basis; much faster than other NASA programs.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>“We release new data as soon as we can get it calibrated and processed,” says Dr Sarah Sutton, a photogrammetry and image processing scientist with the HiRISE Operations Center.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <blockquote style="color: #045e83;"><p> <strong> “We’re always thrilled when the public engages with the data.” </strong> </p></blockquote> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Engagement is so intrinsic to LPL’s approach that members of the public can even nominate locations on Mars to be photographed, using a tool called HiWISH.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <blockquote style="color: #045e83;"><p> <strong> “It’s easy, and it’s fun,” says Sutton. “And it’s very exciting when your target gets acquired.” </strong> </p></blockquote> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>While there’s no guarantees a publicly requested site will be captured, many are. In fact, Sutton says it was a request through HiWISH that confirmed the final landing site of UK’s Beagle 2 Mars Lander, which was due to land on 25 December 2003, but declared lost after an extensive search.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <blockquote><p> “It did actually land,” she says. “It was thought that it crashed. But they found it because they could actually see it in our images, and nobody had looked. </p></blockquote> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>“From the analysis of our HiRISE images, they were able to determine then that the Beagle had landed and that some of its panels had opened, but not fully. And so, it was never able to communicate back.” LPL’s website, called ‘Made with HiRISE’ showcases the broad range of artistic and technological interpretations of Mars data and images; everything from visual arts, to music, school projects, animations, apps and augmented reality.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>LPL has even produced tools allowing its digital terrain models to be exported for uses like 3D printing, and actively encourages creative exploration of its data and images, by artists, designers … and video games developers.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>It’s a way of reimagining real Mars, evoking an outer space sensory experience rendered through virtual colour, texture, depth and sound.</p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_separator wpb_content_element vc_separator_align_center vc_sep_width_100 vc_sep_pos_align_center vc_separator_no_text vc_sep_color_#000000" ><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_l"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_r"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h3><span style="color: #f26e23;">Rovers In real life </span></h3> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Rover planning on the Red Planet can seem a bit like a video game sometimes, says NASA program scientist Dr Mitch Schulte.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Schulte is based in Washington, DC and oversees the science goals of Mars missions – like those involving Perseverance and Ingenuity. His role includes assessing research proposals to access NASA’s vast public archive, called the planetary data system.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>A rover like Perseverance can’t be controlled in real time, he says. Mars is simply too far away, so everything needs to be planned in advance.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <blockquote style="color: #045e83;"><p> <strong> That’s why, Schulte says, “coding is everything”. </strong> </p></blockquote> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>“The amount of debugging that goes into the software ahead of time is enormous, because we can’t afford any mistakes. And now when we want to tell the rover even just to drive 20 metres over to that rock, that is pre-programmed. That command is sent from Earth, directly to the rover, to its antenna. And then it performs those functions based on the software and the rover computing elements that are onboard.”</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>More recently they’ve added an ‘auto navigation’ capability. It’s programming that enables the rover to use its cameras to avoid major obstacles, like cliffs and sand dunes, which it encounters along its route. In fact, you can do this too: NASA’s website includes a simple game that lets you code commands to complete Ingenuity missions, though – sadly – not for real.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Schulte might be “knee deep in the science” of Mars exploration, but he says public engagement is an important part of NASA’s mission. Being government funded, the space agency is keen to ensure the public comes along for the ride.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <blockquote style="color: #045e83;"><p> <strong> “We want to make sure they understand what we’re doing, and why we’re doing it. What they’re getting out of it, what the scientific community gets out of it,” he says. </strong> </p></blockquote> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Schulte believes that sparking an interest in the science of Mars – even tangentially through a video game – is definitely worth it. He sees an interplay between exploring Mars through a medium like art or video games, and growing awareness about the science, technology and engineering aspects of the actual missions.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Playing a game set on Mars might lead people to question, ‘Oh, what’s it like outside on Mars?’, he says. “And then of course, that leads them to us.”</p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_separator wpb_content_element vc_separator_align_center vc_sep_width_100 vc_sep_pos_align_center vc_separator_no_text vc_sep_color_#000000" ><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_l"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_r"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h3><span style="color: #f26e23;">Special delivery: on mars </span></h3> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <figure id="attachment_18335" class="thumbnail wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 1024px"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-18335 size-large" src="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/screenshot_deliver-1024x576.jpg?x50614" alt="" width="1024" height="576" srcset="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/screenshot_deliver-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/screenshot_deliver-300x169.jpg 300w, https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/screenshot_deliver-768x432.jpg 768w, https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/screenshot_deliver-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/screenshot_deliver.jpg 1920w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="caption wp-caption-text">Image Credit: MARS FIRST LOGISTICS / IAN MACLARTY / SHAPE SHOP</figcaption></figure> </div> </div> <div class="vc_separator wpb_content_element vc_separator_align_center vc_sep_width_100 vc_sep_pos_align_center vc_separator_no_text vc_sep_color_#000000" ><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_l"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_r"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>I’m back on Mars again, but this time the landscape looks different. Here, like a 1950s cartoon drawn in ligne claire, the saturated reds and purples of the planetary surface are contained within clear black outlines. An upbeat, electronic soundtrack sets me buzzing as I snap together parts – a connector, servo and claw – to customise my Mars rover.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Levering the vehicle’s new and awkwardly constructed arm under an upturned crate, I hoist it off the ground and set off towards the greenhouse, tyres crunching regolith and kicking up Martian dust.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Contract complete!</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Engineering puzzle game Mars First Logistics is due for release in early 2023, <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="https://store.steampowered.com/app/1532200/Mars_First_Logistics/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">with a demo available on the Steam platform</a></strong></span>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>In a more artistic than authentic aesthetic, players in this game complete delivery contracts, providing logistics support for the construction of a Mars colony (a goal private company SpaceX aims to achieve by 2050). It’s Mars, Jim, but not as we know it.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <blockquote style="color: #045e83;"><p> <strong>“I wanted to make it so it feels like you’re playing with Lego, like you’re playing with a toy,” says developer Ian MacLarty, who created the game with his team at Shape Shop. “But it’s still trying to bring out that engineering kind of ingenuity.” </strong> </p></blockquote> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Pieces can be deployed flexibly in interesting and surprising ways, both mechanically and aesthetically. “So for example, I’ve got a thing called the hydraulic cylinder, which gives you linear motion,” MacLarty says. “And then I’ve got a servo, which gives you rotational motion. And just those two things combined, you can do so much.”</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>The game manages to bring a touch of the everyday to the far, far away. While some delivery missions might involve construction materials – a steel beam or a telescope mirror – for building a greenhouse or an observatory, in others, players find themselves delivering lunch to the working astronauts.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>It’s the kind of make-believe that makes the possibility of Mars tangible, even domestic – the household to-do list of humans 2.0.</p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_separator wpb_content_element vc_separator_align_center vc_sep_width_100 vc_sep_pos_align_center vc_separator_no_text vc_sep_color_#000000" ><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_l"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_r"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h3><span style="color: #f26e23;">Virtual reality gets real </span></h3> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>After years in development, Mars Flight VR was released for early access in June 2020 as a second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic locked down O’Kane’s home in Melbourne, Victoria. A month later, NASA’s Perseverance rover was launched.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>O’Kane, who now works as a simulation engineer at space tech company Saber Astronautics, was glued to the mission – watching NASA’s livestream and updates by the Mars Guy (aka Mars geologist Dr Steve Ruff) on YouTube. When the rover landed on 18 February 2021, it came as a huge relief.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <blockquote style="color: #045e83;"><p> <strong> “And then amazingly enough, the helicopter, which they expected to fly for like six minutes and then break, is still going 18 months later.” </strong> </p></blockquote> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Now the Martian landscape is taking on new, human, dimensions.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>The helicopter has clocked up more than 30 flights, covering more than 7.3 kilometres, taking hundreds of photos of the Martian surface, according to NASA. O’Kane’s simulator has been downloaded more than 10,000 times.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <blockquote style="color: #045e83;"><p> <strong> “I’ve been flying around this for a couple of years, getting to know the area, getting to know the hills. And as the rover team drive to different locations, they name it,” he says. “There’s this particular outcrop, kind of a butte, or a hill. They’ve called it the Kodiak outcrop. I used to fly around that.” </strong> </p></blockquote> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Scientist, science-fiction author and space enthusiast, Arthur C Clarke wrote that “the astronomical artist will always be far ahead of the explorer. They can depict scenes that no human eye will ever see, because of their danger, or their remoteness in time and space”.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Just as books, art and film brought the Moon landing to life long before 1969; today video games and virtual reality offer the chance to play, fly and deliver things on the Red Planet, decades before crewed missions take flight, but as space agencies explore the planet with cameras, rovers and drone-copters, searching out signs of life and preparing for the possibility of human exploration before 2050.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>One of Earth’s first Martian colonists could be skittering and soaring Ingenuity above Jezero Crater, right here, right now, in a bedroom not far from you. Their virtual reality, not knowing that it’s becoming real.</p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_separator wpb_content_element vc_separator_align_center vc_sep_width_100 vc_sep_pos_align_center vc_separator_no_text vc_sep_color_#000000" ><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_l"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_r"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <figure id="attachment_18345" class="thumbnail wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 1024px"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-18345 size-large" src="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/game_in_dev-1024x560.jpg?x50614" alt="" width="1024" height="560" srcset="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/game_in_dev-1024x560.jpg 1024w, https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/game_in_dev-300x164.jpg 300w, https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/game_in_dev-768x420.jpg 768w, https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/game_in_dev-1536x840.jpg 1536w, https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/game_in_dev-2048x1120.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /><figcaption class="caption wp-caption-text">Build it, and they will come: Engineering puzzle game Mars First Logistics, due out next year, will let you assemble your own rover then deploy it to help Martian colonists build their new home. It’s billed as an “open-world physics simulation game”.</figcaption></figure> </div> </div> <div class="vc_separator wpb_content_element vc_separator_align_center vc_sep_width_100 vc_sep_pos_align_center vc_separator_no_text vc_sep_color_#000000" ><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_l"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_r"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><strong>This article was written for <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/"><em>Cosmos</em> Magazine</a> Issue 97. </strong></p> <p><strong>PETRA STOCK is based in Melbourne. Last issue, she interviewed David Popa for the gallery: Here today… </strong></p> <p><em>Cosmos</em> magazine is Australia’s only dedicated print science publication. <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/shop/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Subscribe here</a> to get your quarterly fill of the best Science of Everything, from the chemistry of fireworks to cutting-edge Australian innovation.</p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_separator wpb_content_element vc_separator_align_center vc_sep_width_100 vc_sep_pos_align_center vc_separator_no_text vc_sep_color_#000000" ><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_l"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_r"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h3>More: <a href="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/mars-rovers-methods-tested-in-flinders-ranges/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mars rover tested in Flinders Ranges</a></h3> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_separator wpb_content_element vc_separator_align_center vc_sep_width_100 vc_sep_pos_align_center vc_separator_no_text vc_sep_color_#000000" ><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_l"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_r"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element vc_custom_1605576692266" > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p style="text-align: center;">Login or Sign up for <strong>FREE</strong> to download the educational resources</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div id="um-admin-form-shortcode" class="postbox " style="text-align: center;"> <div class="inside"> <div class="um-admin-metabox"> <noscript 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href="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/cosmos-magazine-quantum-explained-challenge/"> <p>In 2025, to celebrate the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology, COSMOS Magazine and the Australian Institute of Physics...</p> </a> </div> <div class="listing__years">Years </div> </div> </div> </article>  </li>  </div> <div class="tcol-md-4 tcol-sm-4 tcol-xs-6 tcol-ss-12"> <li class="listing__item"> <article class="listing__item__wrapper" id="post-20874" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/BlogPosting"> <div class="listing__image"> <a href="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/cosmos-magazine-the-magic-of-metamorphosis/"> <img src="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Metamorphosis-Collection-Image-Cropped-Version-for-Educaton.png?x50614" alt="COSMOS MAGAZINE – The Magic of Metamorphosis" class="listing__image__item"> </a> </div> <div class="listing__content"> <div class="listing__content__top"> <div class="listing__terms__wrapper"> <div 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biological-sciences-bg-color">Biological Sciences</a><a href = "https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/subjects/stem-in-action/" class="listing__term__bg stem-in-action-bg-color">STEM in Action</a></div> <div class="listing__summary"> <a href="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/cosmos-magazine-the-magic-of-metamorphosis/"> <p>We all know caterpillars become butterflies, but what really happens within the chrysalis? In this article COSMOS science communicator, Imma...</p> </a> </div> <div class="listing__years">Years 7-8 & 10</div> </div> </div> </article>  </li>  </div> <div class="tcol-md-4 tcol-sm-4 tcol-xs-6 tcol-ss-12"> <li class="listing__item"> <article class="listing__item__wrapper" id="post-19876" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/BlogPosting"> <div class="listing__image"> <a href="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/this-show-is-not-rubbish-episode-collection/"> <img src="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/TSINR-Title-Card.jpg?x50614" alt="This Show Is Not Rubbish Episode Collection" class="listing__image__item"> </a> </div> <div class="listing__content"> <div class="listing__content__top"> <div class="listing__terms__wrapper"> <div class="listing__terms"><a href = "https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/resources/collection/" class="listing__term ">Collection</a>, <a href = "https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/resources/idea/" class="listing__term ">Idea</a>, <a href = "https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/resources/student-activity/" class="listing__term ">Student Activity</a> & <a href = "https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/resources/video-film/" class="listing__term ">Video & Film</a></div> <div class="dialog-container"> <dialog class="favDialog"> <div class="favDialog__body"> <p>Please login to favourite this article.</p> </div> <div class="favDialog__footer"> <button class="button closeDialog">Close</button> <button class="button loginUrl">Login</button> </div> </dialog> <button class="showDialog"> <i class="icon-bookmark"></i> </button> </div> </div> <h2 class="listing__title"><a href="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/this-show-is-not-rubbish-episode-collection/">This Show Is Not Rubbish Episode Collection</a></h2> </div> <div class="listing__content__bottom"> <div class="listing__terms__bg"><a href = "https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/subjects/stem/" class="listing__term__bg stem-bg-color">STEM</a><a href = "https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/subjects/sustainability/" class="listing__term__bg sustainability-bg-color">Sustainability</a></div> <div class="listing__summary"> <a href="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/this-show-is-not-rubbish-episode-collection/"> <p>Join the Trash Can Man as he turns TRASH into scientific TREASURE – creating unexpected moments of scientific wonder while...</p> </a> </div> <div class="listing__years">Years 3-9</div> </div> </div> </article>  </li>  </div> <div class="tcol-md-4 tcol-sm-4 tcol-xs-6 tcol-ss-12"> <li class="listing__item"> <article class="listing__item__wrapper" id="post-10421" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/BlogPosting"> <div class="listing__image"> <a href="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/the-changing-earth/"> <img src="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/RiAusEducation_BestOf_Image_640x360.jpg?x50614" alt="Best of: The Changing Earth" class="listing__image__item"> </a> </div> <div class="listing__content"> <div class="listing__content__top"> <div class="listing__terms__wrapper"> <div class="listing__terms"><a href = "https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/resources/collection/" class="listing__term ">Collection</a>, <a href = "https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/resources/student-activity/" class="listing__term ">Student Activity</a> & <a href = "https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/resources/teacher-resource/" class="listing__term ">Teacher Resource</a></div> <div class="dialog-container"> <dialog class="favDialog"> <div class="favDialog__body"> <p>Please login to favourite this article.</p> </div> <div class="favDialog__footer"> <button class="button closeDialog">Close</button> <button class="button loginUrl">Login</button> </div> </dialog> <button class="showDialog"> <i class="icon-bookmark"></i> </button> </div> </div> <h2 class="listing__title"><a href="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/the-changing-earth/">Best of: The Changing Earth</a></h2> </div> <div class="listing__content__bottom"> <div class="listing__terms__bg"><a href = "https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/subjects/atsi-history-cultures/" class="listing__term__bg atsi-history-cultures-bg-color">Aboriginal + Torres Strait Islander Histories & Cultures</a><a href = "https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/subjects/asia-australias-engagement-asia/" class="listing__term__bg asia-australias-engagement-asia-bg-color">Asia & Australia's Engagement with Asia</a><a href = "https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/subjects/earth-sciences/" class="listing__term__bg earth-sciences-bg-color">Earth Sciences</a><a href = "https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/subjects/sustainability/" class="listing__term__bg sustainability-bg-color">Sustainability</a></div> <div class="listing__summary"> <a href="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/the-changing-earth/"> <p>Our best of series, collates our favourite and most popular resources around a single topic. This collection: The Changing Earth...</p> </a> </div> <div class="listing__years">Years 4, 6 & 8-12</div> </div> </div> </article>  </li>  </div> <div class="tcol-md-4 tcol-sm-4 tcol-xs-6 tcol-ss-12"> <li class="listing__item"> <article class="listing__item__wrapper" id="post-19430" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/BlogPosting"> <div class="listing__image"> <a href="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/2023-australian-mammal-of-the-year/"> <img src="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/AMOTY-2023-Lead-Image_C-WEB.jpg?x50614" alt="2023 Australian Mammal of the Year" class="listing__image__item"> </a> </div> <div class="listing__content"> <div class="listing__content__top"> <div class="listing__terms__wrapper"> <div class="listing__terms"><a href = "https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/resources/idea/" class="listing__term ">Idea</a></div> <div class="dialog-container"> <dialog class="favDialog"> <div class="favDialog__body"> <p>Please login to favourite this article.</p> </div> <div class="favDialog__footer"> <button class="button closeDialog">Close</button> <button class="button loginUrl">Login</button> </div> </dialog> <button class="showDialog"> <i class="icon-bookmark"></i> </button> </div> </div> <h2 class="listing__title"><a href="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/2023-australian-mammal-of-the-year/">2023 Australian Mammal of the Year</a></h2> </div> <div class="listing__content__bottom"> <div class="listing__terms__bg"><a href = "https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/subjects/biological-sciences/" class="listing__term__bg biological-sciences-bg-color">Biological Sciences</a></div> <div class="listing__summary"> <a href="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/2023-australian-mammal-of-the-year/"> <p>  Fluffy, furry, spikey or sleek? What’s your favourite Australian mammal species? At last, an election you can actually get...</p> </a> </div> <div class="listing__years">Years F-12</div> </div> </div> </article>  </li>  </div> <div class="tcol-md-4 tcol-sm-4 tcol-xs-6 tcol-ss-12"> <li class="listing__item"> <article class="listing__item__wrapper" id="post-18364" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/BlogPosting"> <div class="listing__image"> <a href="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/our-favourite-stem-resources-of-2022/"> <img src="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Bestof2022-1-e1671490960144.jpg?x50614" alt="Our favourite STEM resources of 2022" class="listing__image__item"> </a> </div> <div class="listing__content"> <div class="listing__content__top"> <div class="listing__terms__wrapper"> <div class="listing__terms"><a href = "https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/resources/idea/" class="listing__term ">Idea</a> & <a href = "https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/resources/student-activity/" class="listing__term ">Student Activity</a></div> <div class="dialog-container"> <dialog class="favDialog"> <div class="favDialog__body"> <p>Please login to favourite this article.</p> </div> <div class="favDialog__footer"> <button class="button closeDialog">Close</button> <button class="button loginUrl">Login</button> </div> </dialog> <button class="showDialog"> <i class="icon-bookmark"></i> </button> </div> </div> <h2 class="listing__title"><a href="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/our-favourite-stem-resources-of-2022/">Our favourite STEM resources of 2022</a></h2> </div> <div class="listing__content__bottom"> <div class="listing__terms__bg"><a href = "https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/subjects/stem/" class="listing__term__bg stem-bg-color">STEM</a></div> <div class="listing__summary"> <a href="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/our-favourite-stem-resources-of-2022/"> <p>Scroll down to explore, and don’t forget to BOOKMARK your favourites. Share your favourite resources with us on social @edu.riaus...</p> </a> </div> <div class="listing__years">Years F-12</div> </div> </div> </article>  </li>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <aside class="col-lg-3 col-md-4 kad-sidebar" role="complementary" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/WPSideBar"> <div class="sidebar"> </div> </aside> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container container-contained"> <div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid"> <div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"> <div class="vc_column-inner"> <div id="search-scroll-target"></div> <div class="search-area"> <div class="search-area__head"> <div id="searchbox" class="search-box-wrapper"></div> <div class="search-area__refinements-container"> <div class="search-area__refinement"> <div class="search-area__refinement__heading" onclick="this.parentNode.classList.toggle('active')"> Years <svg class="search-area__refinement__heading__arrow" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 10 5"> <polygon points="0 0, 10 0, 5 5"></polygon> </svg> </div> <div id="yearsRefinement" class="search-area__refinement__list"></div> </div> <div class="search-area__refinement"> <div class="search-area__refinement__heading" onclick="this.parentNode.classList.toggle('active')"> Subjects <svg class="search-area__refinement__heading__arrow" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 10 5"> <polygon points="0 0, 10 0, 5 5"></polygon> </svg> </div> <div id="subjectsRefinement" class="search-area__refinement__list"></div> </div> <div class="search-area__refinement"> <div class="search-area__refinement__heading" onclick="this.parentNode.classList.toggle('active')"> Resources <svg class="search-area__refinement__heading__arrow" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 10 5"> <polygon points="0 0, 10 0, 5 5"></polygon> </svg> </div> <div id="typesRefinement" class="search-area__refinement__list"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="search-area__body"> <section id="hits" class="search-result-block"></section> <div id="searchPagination"></div> <script type="text/javascript"> (function(w, d) { var b = d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; var s = d.createElement("script"); var v = ("IntersectionObserver" in w) ? 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