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It has been hypothesized that parasites are scarcer and their overall effect on hosts is weaker at higher latitudes. 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It has been hypothesized that parasites are scarcer and their overall effect on hosts is weaker at higher latitudes. Although Antarctic birds have" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/andresbarbosa64" /> <meta name="description" content="SUMMARYParasites reduce host fitness and consequently impose strong selection pressures on their hosts. It has been hypothesized that parasites are scarcer and their overall effect on hosts is weaker at higher latitudes. Although Antarctic birds have" /> <title>(PDF) Experimental assessment of the effects of gastrointestinal parasites on offspring quality in chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) | andres barbosa - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/102304121/Experimental_assessment_of_the_effects_of_gastrointestinal_parasites_on_offspring_quality_in_chinstrap_penguins_Pygoscelis_antarctica_" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'dbbc078c4dd21927fee81e40cb40966a7787f597'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1734110794000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1734110794000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"SUMMARYParasites reduce host fitness and consequently impose strong selection pressures on their hosts. It has been hypothesized that parasites are scarcer and their overall effect on hosts is weaker at higher latitudes. Although Antarctic birds have relatively low numbers of parasites, their effect on host fitness has rarely been investigated. The effect of helminth parasitism on growth rate was experimentally studied in chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) nestlings. In a total of 22 two-nestling broods, 1 nestling was treated with anthelminthics (for cestodes and nematodes) while its sibling was left as a control. Increased growth rate was predicted in de-wormed nestlings compared to their siblings. As expected, 15 days after treatment, the experimental nestlings had increased body mass more than their siblings. These results show a non-negligible negative effect of helminth parasites on nestling body condition that would presumably affect future survival and thus fitness, a...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"andres barbosa"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2023-05-24","datePublished":"2012-01-01","headline":"Experimental assessment of the effects of gastrointestinal parasites on offspring quality in chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica)","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102608190/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Parasitology","Biology","Breeding","Ecology","Medicine","Parasitism","Animals","Nesting Behavior","Veterinary Sciences","Anthelmintics","Praziquantel","Helminths","Helminthiasis","Levamisole","Spheniscidae","Intestinal diseases"],"publication":"Parasitology","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)"},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102608190/thumbnails/1.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/102304121/Experimental_assessment_of_the_effects_of_gastrointestinal_parasites_on_offspring_quality_in_chinstrap_penguins_Pygoscelis_antarctica_"}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-102fa537001ba4d8dcd921ad9bd56c474abc201906ea4843e7e7efe9dfbf561d.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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It has been hypothesized that parasites are scarcer and their overall effect on hosts is weaker at higher latitudes. Although Antarctic birds have relatively low numbers of parasites, their effect on host fitness has rarely been investigated. The effect of helminth parasitism on growth rate was experimentally studied in chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) nestlings. In a total of 22 two-nestling broods, 1 nestling was treated with anthelminthics (for cestodes and nematodes) while its sibling was left as a control. Increased growth rate was predicted in de-wormed nestlings compared to their siblings. As expected, 15 days after treatment, the experimental nestlings had increased body mass more than their siblings. These results show a non-negligible negative effect of helminth parasites on nestling body condition that would presumably affect future survival and thus fitness, a...","publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","publication_date":"2012,,","publication_name":"Parasitology"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Experimental assessment of the effects of gastrointestinal parasites on offspring quality in chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica)","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [271084104]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":102608190,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Experimental assessment of the effects of gastrointestinal parasites on offspring quality in chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica)”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/102608190/mini_magick20230524-1-fc5e1s.png?1684955131" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Experimental assessment of the effects of gastrointestinal parasites on offspring quality in chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica)</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="271084104" href="https://independent.academia.edu/andresbarbosa64"><img alt="Profile image of andres barbosa" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/271084104/121372528/110704710/s65_andres.barbosa.png" />andres barbosa</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2012, Parasitology</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">6 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 102304121; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">SUMMARYParasites reduce host fitness and consequently impose strong selection pressures on their hosts. It has been hypothesized that parasites are scarcer and their overall effect on hosts is weaker at higher latitudes. Although Antarctic birds have relatively low numbers of parasites, their effect on host fitness has rarely been investigated. The effect of helminth parasitism on growth rate was experimentally studied in chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) nestlings. In a total of 22 two-nestling broods, 1 nestling was treated with anthelminthics (for cestodes and nematodes) while its sibling was left as a control. Increased growth rate was predicted in de-wormed nestlings compared to their siblings. As expected, 15 days after treatment, the experimental nestlings had increased body mass more than their siblings. These results show a non-negligible negative effect of helminth parasites on nestling body condition that would presumably affect future survival and thus fitness, a...</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":102608190,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/102304121/Experimental_assessment_of_the_effects_of_gastrointestinal_parasites_on_offspring_quality_in_chinstrap_penguins_Pygoscelis_antarctica_"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":102608190,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/102304121/Experimental_assessment_of_the_effects_of_gastrointestinal_parasites_on_offspring_quality_in_chinstrap_penguins_Pygoscelis_antarctica_"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="102608190" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/102304121/Experimental_assessment_of_the_effects_of_gastrointestinal_parasites_on_offspring_quality_in_chinstrap_penguins_Pygoscelis_antarctica_" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="10162110" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10162110/Gastrointestinal_helminths_of_King_penguins_Aptenodytes_patagonicus_at_Crozet_Archipelago">Gastrointestinal helminths of King penguins ( Aptenodytes patagonicus ) at Crozet Archipelago</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="24817451" href="https://unistra.academia.edu/jeanpatricerobin">jean-patrice robin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Polar Biology, 2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Communities of helminths are known to be related to feeding behaviors of hosts. While climate change and overfishing can impact food availability for Antarctic piscivorous predators, knowledge about infectious and parasitic diseases among Antarctic species is scarce or fragmentary. We studied the helminth community of King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) from the Crozet Archipelago, the main breeding area of the species. Based on a sample of 41 individuals found freshly dead from predation or starvation, the gastrointestinal helminth community in King penguins was composed of 1 species of cestode (Tetrabothrius wrighti) and 2 species of nematodes (Tetrameres wetzeli and Contracaecum heardi). Cestodes formed the core of the helminth community (97.5% of worms collected) with a prevalence of infestation of 100% and a mean intensity of 178.6 worms per host. Sources of infestation and pathologies caused by these worms are also discussed.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Gastrointestinal helminths of King penguins ( Aptenodytes patagonicus ) at Crozet Archipelago","attachmentId":47501161,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10162110/Gastrointestinal_helminths_of_King_penguins_Aptenodytes_patagonicus_at_Crozet_Archipelago","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10162110/Gastrointestinal_helminths_of_King_penguins_Aptenodytes_patagonicus_at_Crozet_Archipelago"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="84550669" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/84550669/Gastrointestinal_helminths_of_Emperor_Penguin_Aptenodytes_forsteri_from_Antarctica">Gastrointestinal helminths of Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) from Antarctica</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32669005" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MAnsaldo">M. Ansaldo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Polar Biology, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Although research on parasitic diseases in Antarctic birds is scarce and the information largely fragmented, an increasing number of studies are currently in progress in this area. The host/parasite relationship is very important for understanding the impact of parasitism on the seabirds' feeding ecology, especially in those isolated regions where the host is extremely sensitive to new diseases. Penguins are a big favorite for these studies because of their importance as indicators of change in the Antarctic ecosystem. This study aims at adding information on gastrointestinal parasites of the Emperor Penguin Aptenodytes forsteri from Snow Hill colony. Based on a sample of 43 individuals found freshly dead (3 adults and 40 chicks) from predation or starvation, the gastrointestinal helminth community in Emperor penguins was composed of two species of cestodes (Parorchites zederi and Tetrabothrius sp.) and three species of nematodes (Stegophorus macronectes, Tetrameres sp. and Contracaecum osculatum). This is the first record of S. macronectes in the Emperor Penguin. The low parasite richness observed might be related to the stenophagic and pelagic diet of this host.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Gastrointestinal helminths of Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) from Antarctica","attachmentId":89533993,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/84550669/Gastrointestinal_helminths_of_Emperor_Penguin_Aptenodytes_forsteri_from_Antarctica","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/84550669/Gastrointestinal_helminths_of_Emperor_Penguin_Aptenodytes_forsteri_from_Antarctica"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="91195180" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/91195180/Gastrointestinal_helminths_of_Ad%C3%A9lie_penguins_Pygoscelis_adeliae_from_Antarctica">Gastrointestinal helminths of Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) from Antarctica</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34268320" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BarbosaAndr%C3%A9s">Andrés Barbosa</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Polar Research, 2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Knowledge about parasitic organisms in Antarctica is scarce and fragmentary. The study reported here adds to the knowledge of gastrointestinal parasites of the Adé lie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) (Sphenisciformes), from 25 de Mayo/ King George Island (South Shetlands), Bahia Esperanza (Hope Bay) and Avian Island (Antarctica). Thirty-five freshly dead specimens (20 chicks and 15 adults) were collected from December 2007 to December 2014 and examined for internal macroparasites. Three adult parasite species were found: one Cestoda, Parorchites zederi, and two Nematoda, Stegophorus macronectes and Tetrameres sp. Immature Tetrabothrius sp. were found in hosts from Avian Island. Helminth communities are known to be related to host feeding behaviours. Low parasite richness observed in Adé lie penguins could be related to the stenophagic and pelagic diet of this host species, which feeds almost exclusively on krill.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Gastrointestinal helminths of Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) from Antarctica","attachmentId":94551325,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/91195180/Gastrointestinal_helminths_of_Ad%C3%A9lie_penguins_Pygoscelis_adeliae_from_Antarctica","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/91195180/Gastrointestinal_helminths_of_Ad%C3%A9lie_penguins_Pygoscelis_adeliae_from_Antarctica"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="28482281" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28482281/Gastrointestinal_parasites_in_Chinstrap_Penguins_from_Deception_Island_South_Shetlands_Antarctica">Gastrointestinal parasites in Chinstrap Penguins from Deception Island, South Shetlands, Antarctica</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="53411649" href="https://csic.academia.edu/pablovalera">pablo valera</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Parasitology Research, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Knowledge about parasites of Antarctic birds is fragmented and scarce. The aim of this work is to contribute to the knowledge of gastrointestinal parasites of the Chinstrap Penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) from Deception Island (South Shetlands, Antarctica). Gastrointestinal tracts of 64 fresh dead individuals (61 chicks and three adults) were collected from December 2006 to February 2009 and examined for macroparasites. Three adult parasite species were found: two Cestoda species (Parorchites zederi and Tetrabothrius pauliani) and one Nematoda species (Stegophorus macronectes). Also, immature acanthocephalans (Corynosoma sp.) were found in one penguin. The low parasite richness observed could be related to the stenophagic and pelagic diet of the host species. False negatives were found in coprological studies.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Gastrointestinal parasites in Chinstrap Penguins from Deception Island, South Shetlands, Antarctica","attachmentId":48830803,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28482281/Gastrointestinal_parasites_in_Chinstrap_Penguins_from_Deception_Island_South_Shetlands_Antarctica","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28482281/Gastrointestinal_parasites_in_Chinstrap_Penguins_from_Deception_Island_South_Shetlands_Antarctica"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="57904226" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/57904226/Gastrointestinal_helminths_of_Gentoo_penguins_Pygoscelis_papua_from_Stranger_Point_25_de_Mayo_King_George_Island_Antarctica">Gastrointestinal helminths of Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) from Stranger Point, 25 de Mayo/King George Island, Antarctica</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="152034318" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LucreciaLongarzo">Lucrecia Longarzo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Parasitology Research, 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The aim of this work is to contribute to the knowledge of gastrointestinal parasites of the Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) from 25 de Mayo/King George Island (South Shetlands, Antarctica). Gastrointestinal tracts of 37 fresh dead individuals (21 chicks, 10 juveniles, and 6 adults) were collected from December 2006 to February 2012 and examined for macroparasites. Four adult parasite species were found: one Cestoda species (Parorchites zederi), two Nematoda species (Stegophorus macronectes and Tetrameres wetzeli), and one Acanthocephalan (Corynosoma shackletoni). Two species of immature acanthocephalans, Corynosoma hamanni and Corynosoma bullosum, were found in a single host. This is the first record of Tetrameres wetzeli in Gentoo penguins. The low parasite richness observed could be related to the stenophagic and pelagic diet of this host species which feeds almost exclusively on krill.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Gastrointestinal helminths of Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) from Stranger Point, 25 de Mayo/King George Island, Antarctica","attachmentId":72574580,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/57904226/Gastrointestinal_helminths_of_Gentoo_penguins_Pygoscelis_papua_from_Stranger_Point_25_de_Mayo_King_George_Island_Antarctica","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/57904226/Gastrointestinal_helminths_of_Gentoo_penguins_Pygoscelis_papua_from_Stranger_Point_25_de_Mayo_King_George_Island_Antarctica"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="106438988" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/106438988/Parental_physiological_condition_and_reproductive_success_in_chinstrap_penguins_Pygoscelis_antarctica_">Parental physiological condition and reproductive success in chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="159679242" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MiguelAngelFloresFerrer">Miguel Angel Flores Ferrer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Polar Biology, 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Recent studies suggest that parental resource allocation may be the most important factor explaining differences in reproductive output among parents. That said at least two different hypotheses of balance between parental foraging effort and resource allocation have been proposed. First, parents with high foraging effort have high reproductive success. Second, parents with higher allocation of resources to offspring have high reproductive success. We tested the second hypothesis using chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) as a model. We evaluated nutritional condition of the parents using blood urea, uric acid, creatine kinase, and cholesterol levels. We evaluated reproductive success according to total mass of the brood and asymmetries inside the brood. We measured the degree of asymmetry using weight and culmen length. Generalized linear models were used to examine relationships between adult plasma urea levels with year, nest position, and degree of asymmetry in chicks. Our results demonstrate that lighter broods were more asymmetric and associated with lower values of adult plasma urea, uric acid, and creatine kinase. We interpret these findings as evidence that the birds allocate fewer resources to their chicks than adults with more symmetric broods are.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Parental physiological condition and reproductive success in chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica)","attachmentId":105636807,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/106438988/Parental_physiological_condition_and_reproductive_success_in_chinstrap_penguins_Pygoscelis_antarctica_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/106438988/Parental_physiological_condition_and_reproductive_success_in_chinstrap_penguins_Pygoscelis_antarctica_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="24502977" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24502977/Health_evaluation_of_wild_gentoo_penguins_Pygoscelis_papua_in_the_Antarctic_Peninsula">Health evaluation of wild gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) in the Antarctic Peninsula</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="47163189" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GonzaloMedinaVogel">Gonzalo Medina Vogel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Polar Biology, 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Historically wildlife conservation was based on habitat protection and exploitation control. Only recently have diseases been considered an important issue. However, pathogens are usually described during or after disease outbreaks, but to determine which pathogens may be emerging, surveys of wildlife health are critical in a given time. This study deals with the health status of gentoo penguins Pygoscelis papua in two localities at the Antarctica Peninsula and one at Ardley Island off the South Shetland Islands. Cloacal swaps, fresh fecal samples, ectoparasites, and blood smears were collected. We examined and dissected 14 penguin corpses found dead. Fecal samples were positive for Campylobacter, Escherichia coli and in the carcasses four endoparasitic species were found: Diphyllobothrium sp. and Parorchites zederi, Corynosoma shackletoni and Stegophorus adeliae. The tick Ixodes uriae occurred in five of the examined penguins, and the louse Austrogoniodes gressitti on six birds. From the colony grounds, we collected 1,184 I. uriae. We recorded antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as E. coli, in ecosystems where gentoo penguins breed. Cloacal samples (300) were negative for Chlamydia, as well as for Salmonella, Campylobacter, E. coli, Newcastle and Influenza viruses.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Health evaluation of wild gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) in the Antarctic Peninsula","attachmentId":44835226,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24502977/Health_evaluation_of_wild_gentoo_penguins_Pygoscelis_papua_in_the_Antarctic_Peninsula","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24502977/Health_evaluation_of_wild_gentoo_penguins_Pygoscelis_papua_in_the_Antarctic_Peninsula"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="96176739" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/96176739/Gastrointestinal_parasite_fauna_of_Emperor_Penguins_Aptenodytes_forsteri_at_the_Atka_Bay_Antarctica">Gastrointestinal parasite fauna of Emperor Penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) at the Atka Bay, Antarctica</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="255852520" href="https://independent.academia.edu/J%C3%B6rgHirzmann">Jörg Hirzmann</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Parasitology research, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In general, the knowledge on parasites infecting Antarctic birds is scarce. The present study intends to extend the knowledge on gastrointestinal parasites of Emperor Penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) at the Atka Bay, Antarctica. Fecal samples of 50 individual Emperor Penguins were collected at the Atka Bay and analyzed using the sodium-acetate-formaldehyde (SAF) method for the identification of intestinal helminth eggs and/or protozoan parasite stages. In addition, coproantigen ELISAs were performed to detect Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections. Overall, 13 out of 50 penguins proved parasitized (26%). The following stages of gastrointestinal parasites were identified: One Capillaria sp. egg, Tetrabothrius spp. eggs, Diphyllobothrium spp. eggs, and proglottids of the cestode Parorchites zederi. The recorded Capillaria infection represents a new host record for Emperor Penguins. All coproantigen ELISAs for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. were negative. This pa...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Gastrointestinal parasite fauna of Emperor Penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) at the Atka Bay, Antarctica","attachmentId":98147952,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/96176739/Gastrointestinal_parasite_fauna_of_Emperor_Penguins_Aptenodytes_forsteri_at_the_Atka_Bay_Antarctica","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/96176739/Gastrointestinal_parasite_fauna_of_Emperor_Penguins_Aptenodytes_forsteri_at_the_Atka_Bay_Antarctica"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="111389566" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/111389566/Extra_pair_paternity_and_intraspecific_brood_parasitism_in_the_Gentoo_Penguin_Pygoscelis_papua_on_Elephant_Island_Antarctica">Extra-pair paternity and intraspecific brood parasitism in the Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) on Elephant Island, Antarctica</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34452837" href="https://unisinos.academia.edu/MariaPetry">Maria V Petry</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Polar Biology, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Recent studies have shown that many species of apparently monogamous birds engage in extra-pair copulation (EPC). Penguins have intense shared parental care for their young, and thus have been considered monogamous. The present study aimed to assess the reproductive system of the gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) on Elephant Island, Antarctica, by evaluating extra-pair paternity (EPP) and intraspecific brood parasitism (IBP). Our data revealed high rates of EPC, with approximately 48.75% of chicks originating from EPP, corresponding to 72.5% of nests. IBP was found for ~ 17% of the gentoo penguin nests, a behavior previously recorded only for Magellanic penguins (~ 6%). The reasons for these behaviors are not clear, as increased genetic diversity or sex bias of offspring was not found. Thus, social and ecological aspects could be more important for determining the costs and benefits of EPP. Other genetic and ecological aspects must be investigated in future studies, such as genetic compatibility of the immune system or fluctuations of the EPP rate due to environmental conditions.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Extra-pair paternity and intraspecific brood parasitism in the Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) on Elephant Island, Antarctica","attachmentId":108944335,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111389566/Extra_pair_paternity_and_intraspecific_brood_parasitism_in_the_Gentoo_Penguin_Pygoscelis_papua_on_Elephant_Island_Antarctica","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/111389566/Extra_pair_paternity_and_intraspecific_brood_parasitism_in_the_Gentoo_Penguin_Pygoscelis_papua_on_Elephant_Island_Antarctica"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="83814230" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/83814230/Checklist_of_Platyhelminthes_Acanthocephala_Nematoda_and_Arthropoda_parasitizing_penguins_of_the_world">Checklist of Platyhelminthes, Acanthocephala, Nematoda and Arthropoda parasitizing penguins of the world</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4528545" href="https://ufrrj.academia.edu/JulianaMoreira">Juliana Moreira</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Check List, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Host-Parasite Database, a partial implementation of which is now available on-line (Gibson et al. 2005). Secondly, searches of the Zoological Record, Biological Abstracts and Helminthological Abstracts, Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar and the Scopus databases were undertaken up to October, 2013. The checklist follows the parasite classification and systematic arrangement of Gibson et al. (2002) and Jones et al. (2005) for Digenea; Khalil et al. (1994) for Cestoda; Anderson et al. (2009) for Nematoda; Amin (2013) for Acanthocephala; Gugliemone et al. (2010) for Acari; and Clay (1967) for Insecta with some modifications based on recent records. The species of parasites are presented in alphabetical order, followed by hosts with its respective site of infection and localities, and the references in chronological order. We adopted the 18 recognized species by Birdlife International and International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the global organization which is the sponsor of the Red List of Threatened Species (Birdlife International 2013; IUCN 2010). The parasite species names have been updated to agree with the recent literature, but inclusion in the parasite or host lists does not imply that the authors necessarily agree with their validity. This compilation is presented as parasite-host and hostparasite lists. We have attempted to include information from all published reports. Results An extensive survey of literary data, supplemented by original data on helminths of Sphenisciformes, has revealed records of 110 species of metazoan parasites (85 identified to the species level) of the following groups: Digenea (22 spp.), Cestoda (10 spp.), Acanthocephala (7 spp.), Nematoda (31 spp.), Acarina (15 spp.), Phthiraptera (17 spp.), Siphonaptera (8 spp.). Eudyptula minor presents the most rich parasite fauna with 30 species followed by Spheniscus magellanicus (28 Introduction Penguins are seabird animals that live only in the Southern Hemisphere. They breed in climates that range from-60°C to +40°C, breeding farther south than any other birds, up to the latitude of 77°33′ S. They also breed right on the Equator in the Galápagos Island. Penguins can be found around South America, southern Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and the islands of the subantarctic (Davis 2007). There are six clearly defined genera of extant penguins: Aptenodytes, Eudyptes, Eudyptula, Megadyptes, Pygoscelis and Spheniscus, all from the same family Spheniscidae. WoRMS (2013) recognized 18 valid species of penguins. Some species are reconized by some authors as valid but others as subspecies only (Marchant and Higgns 1990; Sibley et al. 1990; del Hoyo et al. 1992). The wild penguins are commonly parasitized by ectoparasites such as fleas (Siphonaptera), lice (Phthiraptera), mites and ticks (Acari) (Murray et al. 1991; Clarke and Kerry 1993), which may act as vectors of many diseases. Several endoparasites such as trematodes, cestodes, acanthocephalans, nematodes and coccidian can also be found on these organisms (Clarke and Kerry 1993; Duignan 2001; Barbosa and Palacios 2009), causing damages more or less serious to the host health. Information regarding to parasites and their associated hosts may be useful to studies on biodiversity, biogeography and also on host phylogeny. Here we provide a checklist of the metazoan parasites reported from penguins including the information on parasite distrution and site of infection. The information is presented as parasite-host and host-parasite lists. Materials and methods This bibliographic review of metazoan parasites reported from penguins was based on the information collected from two main sources. Firstly, searches of the Host-Parasite Catalogue of the Natural History Museum in</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Checklist of Platyhelminthes, Acanthocephala, Nematoda and Arthropoda parasitizing penguins of the world","attachmentId":89038797,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83814230/Checklist_of_Platyhelminthes_Acanthocephala_Nematoda_and_Arthropoda_parasitizing_penguins_of_the_world","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/83814230/Checklist_of_Platyhelminthes_Acanthocephala_Nematoda_and_Arthropoda_parasitizing_penguins_of_the_world"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":102608190,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":102608190,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_102608190" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="8885804" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8885804/Limited_effects_of_egg_size_on_chick_growth_in_the_chinstrap_Penguin_Pygoscelis_antarctica">Limited effects of egg size on chick growth in the chinstrap Penguin Pygoscelis antarctica</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="19502076" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JosabelBelliure">Josabel Belliure</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Polar Biology, 1999</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Limited effects of egg size on chick growth in the chinstrap Penguin Pygoscelis antarctica","attachmentId":47965622,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8885804/Limited_effects_of_egg_size_on_chick_growth_in_the_chinstrap_Penguin_Pygoscelis_antarctica","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8885804/Limited_effects_of_egg_size_on_chick_growth_in_the_chinstrap_Penguin_Pygoscelis_antarctica"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="48887184" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48887184/The_Effects_of_Hatching_Date_and_Parental_Quality_on_Chick_Growth_and_Creching_Age_in_the_Chinstrap_Penguin_Pygoscelis_antarctica_A_Field_Experiment">The Effects of Hatching Date and Parental Quality on Chick Growth and Creching Age in the Chinstrap Penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica): A Field Experiment</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="53502896" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SantiagoMerino6">Santiago Merino</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Auk, 1997</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button 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