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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Atomi mesici</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Atomi_mesici-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Atomi_muonici" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atomi_muonici"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Atomi muonici</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atomi_muonici-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atomi_adronici" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atomi_adronici"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Atomi adronici</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atomi_adronici-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Onio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Onio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Onio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Onio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atomi_ipernucleari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atomi_ipernucleari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Atomi ipernucleari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atomi_ipernucleari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atomi_quasiparticella" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atomi_quasiparticella"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Atomi quasiparticella</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atomi_quasiparticella-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Atomo esotico</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 26 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksotiese_atoom" title="Eksotiese atoom - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Eksotiese atoom" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%A9" title="ذرة شاذة - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ذرة شاذة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80tom_ex%C3%B2tic" title="Àtom exòtic - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Àtom exòtic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotick%C3%BD_atom" title="Exotický atom - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Exotický atom" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotische_Atome" title="Exotische Atome - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Exotische Atome" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BE%CF%89%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF" title="Εξωτικό άτομο - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εξωτικό άτομο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotic_atom" title="Exotic atom - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Exotic atom" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81tomo_ex%C3%B3tico" title="Átomo exótico - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Átomo exótico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%85_%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="اتم اگزاتیک - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اتم اگزاتیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atome_exotique" title="Atome exotique - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Atome exotique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_eksotis" title="Atom eksotis - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Atom eksotis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E7%A8%AE%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="異種原子 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="異種原子" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%84%EB%82%9C_%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90" title="별난 원자 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="별난 원자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Егзотичен атом - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Егзотичен атом" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotisch_atoom" title="Exotisch atoom - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Exotisch atoom" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksotisk_kjerne" title="Eksotisk kjerne - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Eksotisk kjerne" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksotisk_kjerne" title="Eksotisk kjerne - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Eksotisk kjerne" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_egzotyczny" title="Atom egzotyczny - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Atom egzotyczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80tom_es%C3%B2tich" title="Àtom esòtich - piemontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Àtom esòtich" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81tomo_ex%C3%B3tico" title="Átomo exótico - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Átomo exótico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Экзотический атом - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Экзотический атом" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotic_atom" title="Exotic atom - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Exotic atom" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksoti%C4%8Dni_atom" title="Eksotični atom - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Eksotični atom" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Екзотичний атом - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Екзотичний атом" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%AD_ngo%E1%BA%A1i_lai" title="Nguyên tử ngoại lai - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nguyên tử ngoại lai" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%95%B0%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90" title="奇異原子 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奇異原子" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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</nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><p>In <a href="/wiki/Fisica_atomica" title="Fisica atomica">fisica atomica</a>, un <b>atomo esotico</b> è un tipo di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_legato&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistema legato (la pagina non esiste)">sistema legato</a> simile ad un <a href="/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo">atomo</a> in cui una o più <a href="/wiki/Particella_subatomica" title="Particella subatomica">particelle subatomiche</a> del <a href="/wiki/Nucleo_atomico" title="Nucleo atomico">nucleo</a> o uno o più degli stessi <a href="/wiki/Elettrone" title="Elettrone">elettroni</a> periferici sono sostituiti da altre particelle aventi però la stessa <a href="/wiki/Carica_elettrica" title="Carica elettrica">carica elettrica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poiché queste particelle sostituenti sono di solito instabili, gli atomi esotici hanno in genere vita breve e finora non è conosciuto alcun atomo esotico indefinitamente stabile. Il <a href="/wiki/Positronio" title="Positronio">positronio</a>, che è un semplicissimo atomo esotico costituto da un <a href="/wiki/Positrone" title="Positrone">positrone</a> e da un elettrone, che sono particelle in sé stabili, risulta però instabile a causa dell'<a href="/wiki/Interazione_elettromagnetica" title="Interazione elettromagnetica">interazione elettromagnetica</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tra le due particelle che lo compongono e <a href="/wiki/Decadimento_particellare" title="Decadimento particellare">decade</a> <a href="/wiki/Annichilazione" title="Annichilazione">annichilandosi</a> in due (o più) <a href="/wiki/Raggi_gamma" title="Raggi gamma">raggi gamma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atomi_mesici">Atomi mesici</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomo_esotico&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Atomi mesici" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomo_esotico&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Atomi mesici"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In un atomo mesico, gli <a href="/wiki/Elettrone" title="Elettrone">elettroni</a> sono sostituiti da altre particelle caricate negativamente come <a href="/wiki/Muone" title="Muone">muoni</a> (atomi muonici) o <a href="/wiki/Pione" title="Pione">pioni</a> (atomi pionici).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Questi atomi risultano instabili, poiché instabili sono le particelle che lo compongono. Ad esempio, il tempo caratteristico di decadimento del muone è di circa <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6994218999999999999♠"></span>2,19 <a href="/wiki/Microsecondo" title="Microsecondo">μs</a></span>, e tutte le altre particelle capaci di formare atomi mesici sono estremamente meno longeve. Gli atomi mesici sono quindi il risultato di un processo di cattura delle particelle instabili da parte del potenziale elettromagnetico del nucleo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Atomi_muonici">Atomi muonici</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomo_esotico&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Atomi muonici" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomo_esotico&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Atomi muonici"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Atomo_muonico" title="Atomo muonico">Atomo muonico</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>In un atomo muonico un elettrone viene sostituito da un <a href="/wiki/Muone" title="Muone">muone</a>, il quale, come l'elettrone, è un <a href="/wiki/Leptone" title="Leptone">leptone</a>. Poiché i <a href="/wiki/Leptone" title="Leptone">leptoni</a> sono sensibili soltanto alle forze <a href="/wiki/Interazione_debole" title="Interazione debole">deboli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interazione_elettromagnetica" title="Interazione elettromagnetica">elettromagnetiche</a> e <a href="/wiki/Interazione_gravitazionale" title="Interazione gravitazionale">gravitazionali</a>, gli atomi muonici sono governati con precisione elevatissima dall'interazione elettromagnetica. Non ci sono complicazioni derivanti da <a href="/wiki/Interazione_forte" title="Interazione forte">forze forti</a> tra il <a href="/wiki/Leptone" title="Leptone">leptone</a> e il <a href="/wiki/Nucleo_atomico" title="Nucleo atomico">nucleo</a>. </p><p>Dato che il muone è più massivo dell'elettrone, le <a href="/wiki/Modello_atomico_di_Bohr" title="Modello atomico di Bohr">orbite di Bohr</a> di un atomo muonico sono più vicine al nucleo rispetto a quelle di un atomo ordinario e le correzioni dovute all'<a href="/wiki/Elettrodinamica_quantistica" title="Elettrodinamica quantistica">elettrodinamica quantistica</a> sono più rilevanti. Lo studio dei <a href="/wiki/Livello_energetico" title="Livello energetico">livelli energetici</a> degli atomi muonici così come i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tassi_di_transizione&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tassi di transizione (la pagina non esiste)">tassi di transizione</a> dagli <a href="/wiki/Eccitazione_(meccanica_quantistica)" title="Eccitazione (meccanica quantistica)">stati eccitati</a> allo <a href="/wiki/Stato_fondamentale" title="Stato fondamentale">stato fondamentale</a> permettono dunque test sperimentali dell'elettrodinamica quantistica. </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/Fusione_catalizzata_da_muoni" title="Fusione catalizzata da muoni">fusione catalizzata da muoni</a> è un'applicazione tecnica degli atomi muonici. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Atomi_adronici">Atomi adronici</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomo_esotico&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Atomi adronici" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomo_esotico&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Atomi adronici"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Un atomo adronico è un atomo in cui uno o più <a href="/wiki/Orbitale_atomico" title="Orbitale atomico">elettroni orbitali</a> sono stati sostituiti da <a href="/wiki/Adrone" title="Adrone">adroni</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gli adroni possibili comprendono: i <a href="/wiki/Mesone" title="Mesone">mesoni</a> come i <a href="/wiki/Pione" title="Pione">pioni</a> o <a href="/wiki/Kaone" title="Kaone">kaoni</a> (<i>atomo mesonico</i>), gli <a href="/wiki/Antiprotone" title="Antiprotone">antiprotoni</a> (<i>atomo antiprotonico</i>), e i <a href="/wiki/Barione_sigma" title="Barione sigma">barioni Σ<sup>−</sup></a> (<i>atomo sigmaonico</i> o <i>atomo Σ<sup>−</sup></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Diversamente dai <a href="/wiki/Leptone" title="Leptone">leptoni</a>, gli <a href="/wiki/Adrone" title="Adrone">adroni</a> possono interagire per mezzo dell'<a href="/wiki/Interazione_forte" title="Interazione forte">interazione forte</a>, in questo modo i livelli di energia degli atomi adronici sono influenzati dalle forze nucleari tra il <a href="/wiki/Nucleo_atomico" title="Nucleo atomico">nucleo</a> e l'adrone. Poiché la forza forte è un'interazione a breve raggio, questi effetti sono più forti se l'orbitale atomico coinvolto è vicino al nucleo, quando i livelli energetici implicati possono ampliarsi o scomparire a causa dell'assorbimento degli adroni dal nucleo. Gli atomi adronici, come l'idrogeno pionico e l'<a href="/wiki/Idrogeno_kaonico" title="Idrogeno kaonico">idrogeno kaonico</a>, forniscono così sonde sperimentali interessanti riguardo alla teoria delle interazioni forti, la <a href="/wiki/Cromodinamica_quantistica" title="Cromodinamica quantistica">cromodinamica quantistica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Onio">Onio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomo_esotico&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Onio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomo_esotico&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Onio"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Onio_(fisica)" title="Onio (fisica)">Onio (fisica)</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Un <b>onio</b> (plurale: <b>onii</b> o <b>oni</b>) è lo stato che lega una particella alla sua antiparticella. L'onio classico è il <a href="/wiki/Positronio" title="Positronio">positronio</a>, il quale è costituito da un <a href="/wiki/Elettrone" title="Elettrone">elettrone</a> e un <a href="/wiki/Positrone" title="Positrone">positrone</a> legati insieme in uno stato <a href="/wiki/Metastabilit%C3%A0" title="Metastabilità">metastabile</a> di lunga durata. Il positronio è stato studiato fin dagli <a href="/wiki/Anni_1950" title="Anni 1950">anni '50</a> per comprendere gli stati legati nella <a href="/wiki/Teoria_quantistica_dei_campi" title="Teoria quantistica dei campi">teoria quantistica dei campi</a>. Uno sviluppo recente è la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elettrodinamica_quantistica_non-relativistica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elettrodinamica quantistica non-relativistica (la pagina non esiste)">elettrodinamica quantistica non-relativistica</a> (NRQED, <i>non-relativistic quantum electrodynamic</i>) che usa questo sistema come un banco di prova. </p><p>Il <a href="/wiki/Pionio" title="Pionio">pionio</a>, uno stato legato di due <a href="/wiki/Pione" title="Pione">pioni</a> con carica opposta, è interessante per l'esplorazione dell'<a href="/wiki/Interazione_forte" title="Interazione forte">interazione forte</a>. Questo dovrebbe essere vero anche per il <a href="/wiki/Protonio" title="Protonio">protonio</a>. I veri analoghi del positronio nella teoria delle interazioni forti, tuttavia, non sono gli atomi esotici, ma gli <i>stati di <a href="/wiki/Quarkonio" title="Quarkonio">quarkonio</a></i>, composti da un quark pesante (<i>heavy</i>) come il <a href="/wiki/Quark_charm" title="Quark charm">charm</a> o <a href="/wiki/Quark_bottom" title="Quark bottom">bottom</a> e il suo antiquark (il <a href="/wiki/Quark_top" title="Quark top">quark top</a> è così pesante che decade attraverso l'<a href="/wiki/Interazione_debole" title="Interazione debole">interazione debole</a> prima che possa formare stati legati). L'esplorazione di questi stati attraverso la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cromodinamica_quantistica_non-relativistica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cromodinamica quantistica non-relativistica (la pagina non esiste)">cromodinamica quantistica non-relativistica</a> (NRQCD) e il <a href="/wiki/QCD_su_reticolo" title="QCD su reticolo">QCD su reticolo</a> è un test sempre più importante della <a href="/wiki/Cromodinamica_quantistica" title="Cromodinamica quantistica">cromodinamica quantistica</a>. </p><p>Il <a href="/wiki/Muonio_(fisica)" title="Muonio (fisica)">muonio</a>, nonostante il suo nome, non è un <i>onio</i> contenente un muone e un antimuone, perché lo IUPAC ha assegnato questo nome al sistema di un antimuone legato a un elettrone. Tuttavia, è stata teorizzata la produzione del vero muonio, che è un onio.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Comprendere gli stati legati di <a href="/wiki/Adrone" title="Adrone">adroni</a> come <a href="/wiki/Pionio" title="Pionio">pionio</a> e <a href="/wiki/Protonio" title="Protonio">protonio</a> è anche importante al fine di chiarire le nozioni relative agli <a href="/wiki/Adrone_esotico" title="Adrone esotico">adroni esotici</a> come le <a href="/wiki/Molecola_mesonica" title="Molecola mesonica">molecole mesoniche</a> e gli stati di <a href="/wiki/Pentaquark" title="Pentaquark">pentaquark</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atomi_ipernucleari">Atomi ipernucleari</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomo_esotico&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Atomi ipernucleari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomo_esotico&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Atomi ipernucleari"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Ipernucleo" title="Ipernucleo">Ipernucleo</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Gli atomi possono essere composti di elettroni orbitanti intorno a un <a href="/wiki/Ipernucleo" title="Ipernucleo">ipernucleo</a> che comprende particelle <a href="/wiki/Quark_strange" title="Quark strange">strane</a> chiamate <a href="/wiki/Iperone_(fisica)" title="Iperone (fisica)">iperoni</a>. Tali <a href="/wiki/Ipernucleo" title="Ipernucleo">atomi ipernucleari</a> sono in genere studiati per il loro comportamento nucleare, che ricade all'interno del regno della <a href="/wiki/Fisica_nucleare" title="Fisica nucleare">fisica nucleare</a> piuttosto che della <a href="/wiki/Fisica_atomica" title="Fisica atomica">fisica atomica</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atomi_quasiparticella">Atomi quasiparticella</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomo_esotico&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Atomi quasiparticella" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomo_esotico&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Atomi quasiparticella"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nei sistemi di <a href="/wiki/Fisica_della_materia_condensata" title="Fisica della materia condensata">materia condensata</a>, specificamente in alcuni <a href="/wiki/Semiconduttore" title="Semiconduttore">semiconduttori</a>, ci sono degli stati chiamati <a href="/wiki/Eccitone" title="Eccitone">eccitoni</a> ovvero stati legati di un elettrone e una <a href="/wiki/Lacuna_(fisica)" title="Lacuna (fisica)">lacuna</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomo_esotico&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomo_esotico&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Ludwig Bergmann, Clemens Schaefer e Wilhelm Raith, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/constituentsofma0000berg"><span style="font-style:italic;">1.8</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Constituents of Matter: Atoms, Molecules, Nuclei and Particles</span>, Berlino, Walter de Gruyter, 1997, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/3-11-013990-1" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/3-11-013990-1">3-11-013990-1</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Joachim Hartmann, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.accessscience.com/content/article/aYB000560"><span style="font-style:italic;">Exotic atoms</span></a>, 2000, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1036%2F1097-8542.YB000560">10.1036/1097-8542.YB000560</a>. <small>URL consultato il 28 luglio 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> Sidney D. Drell, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24949820"><span style="font-style:italic;">Electron-Positron Annihilation and the New Particles</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Scientific American</span>, vol. 232, n. 6, 1975, pp. 50–65. <small>URL consultato il 28 luglio 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accessscience.com/abstract.aspx?id=YB000560"><span style="font-style:italic;">Positron Annihilation</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">accessscience.com</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/atomo-mesico/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Atomo mesico</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">treccani.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 21 luglio 2017</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDeloff" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) A. Deloff, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fundamentalshadr00delo_293"><span style="font-style:italic;">Fundamentals in Hadronic Atom Theory</span></a>, River Edge, World Scientific, 2003, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fundamentalshadr00delo_293/page/n19">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/981-238-371-9" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/981-238-371-9">981-238-371-9</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cita" style="font-style:normal"><a href="#CITEREFDeloff">Deloff</a>, 8</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) B.K. Agarwal e Hari Prakash, <span style="font-style:italic;">Quantum Mechanics</span>, Nuova Delhi, Prentice-Hall of India Private Ltd., 1997, p. 180, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/81-203-1007-1" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/81-203-1007-1">81-203-1007-1</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cerncourier.com/cws/article/cern/29759"><span style="font-style:italic;">Exotic atoms cast light on fundamental questions]</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">cerncourier.com</span>, CERN Courier, 1º novembre 2006.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/05/090529112609.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">Theorists Reveal Path To True Muonium -- Never-seen Atom</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">ScienceDaily</span>, DOE/SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 4 giugno 2009. <small>URL consultato il 7 giugno 2009</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomo_esotico&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomo_esotico&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Positronio" title="Positronio">Positronio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipositronio" title="Dipositronio">Dipositronio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idrogeno_kaonico" title="Idrogeno kaonico">Idrogeno kaonico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muonio_(fisica)" title="Muonio (fisica)">Muonio (fisica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elettrodinamica_quantistica" title="Elettrodinamica quantistica">Elettrodinamica quantistica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarkonio" title="Quarkonio">Quarkonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromodinamica_quantistica" title="Cromodinamica quantistica">Cromodinamica quantistica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-idrogeno" title="Anti-idrogeno">Anti-idrogeno</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomo_esotico&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomo_esotico&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Atomic physics"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Atomic_physics?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Atomic_physics?uselang=it">atomo esotico</a></span></b></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Particelle"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; 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Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Particella_subatomica" title="Particella subatomica">Particelle in fisica</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:10%"><b><a href="/wiki/Particella_elementare" title="Particella elementare">Elementari</a></b></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd" style="background:transparent"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:9%;background:#e6e6ff"><b><a href="/wiki/Fermione" title="Fermione">Fermioni</a></b></th><td colspan="1"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Quark_(particella)" title="Quark (particella)">Quark</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Quark_up" title="Quark up">Up</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Quark_down" title="Quark down">Down</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Quark_charm" title="Quark charm">Charm</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Quark_strange" title="Quark strange">Strange</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Quark_top" title="Quark top">Top</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Quark_bottom" title="Quark bottom">Bottom</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Leptone" title="Leptone">Leptoni</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Elettrone" title="Elettrone">Elettrone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Positrone" title="Positrone">Positrone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Muone" title="Muone">Muone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Antimuone" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimuone">Antimuone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tauone" title="Tauone">Tauone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Antitauone" class="mw-redirect" title="Antitauone">Antitauone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Neutrino_elettronico" title="Neutrino elettronico">Neutrino elettronico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Antineutrino_elettronico" class="mw-redirect" title="Antineutrino elettronico">Antineutrino elettronico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Neutrino_muonico" title="Neutrino muonico">Neutrino muonico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Antineutrino_muonico" class="mw-redirect" title="Antineutrino muonico">Antineutrino muonico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Neutrino_tauonico" title="Neutrino tauonico">Neutrino tauonico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Antineutrino_tauonico" class="mw-redirect" title="Antineutrino tauonico">Antineutrino tauonico</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:9%;background:#e6e6ff"><b><a href="/wiki/Bosone_(fisica)" title="Bosone (fisica)">Bosoni</a></b></th><td colspan="1"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal;width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Bosone_di_gauge" title="Bosone di gauge">Gauge</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Fotone" title="Fotone">Fotone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gluone" title="Gluone">Gluone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bosoni_W_e_Z" title="Bosoni W e Z">Bosoni W e Z</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal;width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Bosone_scalare" title="Bosone scalare">Scalari</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Bosone_di_Higgs" title="Bosone di Higgs">Bosone di Higgs</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:9%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Lista_delle_particelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Lista delle particelle">Ipotetiche</a></th><td colspan="1"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="font-weight:normal;width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Sparticella" title="Sparticella">Sparticelle</a></th><td colspan="1"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="font-weight:normal;width:8%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Gaugino" title="Gaugino">Gaugini</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Gluino" class="mw-redirect" title="Gluino">Gluino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gravitino" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravitino">Gravitino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fotino" class="mw-redirect" title="Fotino">Fotino</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="font-weight:normal;width:8%;background:#e6e6ff">Altre</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Axino" title="Axino">Axino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chargino" title="Chargino">Chargino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Higgsino" class="mw-redirect" title="Higgsino">Higgsino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Neutralino" title="Neutralino">Neutralino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sfermione" title="Sfermione">Sfermione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bosino_(particella)" title="Bosino (particella)">Bosino</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="font-weight:normal;width:12%;background:#e6e6ff">Altre</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Assione" title="Assione">Assione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dilatone" title="Dilatone">Dilatone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gravitone" title="Gravitone">Gravitone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Monopolo_magnetico" title="Monopolo magnetico">Monopolo magnetico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Majorone" title="Majorone">Majorone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tachione" title="Tachione">Tachione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bosoni_X_e_Y" title="Bosoni X e Y">Bosoni X e Y</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bosoni_W%27_e_Z%27" title="Bosoni W' e Z'">bosoni W' e Z'</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Neutrino_sterile" title="Neutrino sterile">Neutrino sterile</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Preone_(fisica)" title="Preone (fisica)">Preone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fermione_di_Majorana" title="Fermione di Majorana">Fermione di Majorana</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:9%;background:#e6e6ff"><b>Altre</b></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Ghost_di_Faddeev-Popov" title="Ghost di Faddeev-Popov">Ghost di Faddeev-Popov</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td rowspan="3" class="navbox_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Modello_Standard_delle_Particelle_Elementari.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Modello_Standard_delle_Particelle_Elementari.svg/400px-Modello_Standard_delle_Particelle_Elementari.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="383" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Modello_Standard_delle_Particelle_Elementari.svg/600px-Modello_Standard_delle_Particelle_Elementari.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Modello_Standard_delle_Particelle_Elementari.svg/800px-Modello_Standard_delle_Particelle_Elementari.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1390" data-file-height="1330" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:10%"><b><a href="/wiki/Stato_legato" class="mw-redirect" title="Stato legato">Composte</a></b></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even" style="background:transparent"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:9%;background:#e6e6ff"><b><a href="/wiki/Adrone" title="Adrone">Adroni</a></b></th><td colspan="1"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Barione" title="Barione">Barioni</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Iperone_(fisica)" title="Iperone (fisica)">iperoni</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Nucleone" title="Nucleone">Nucleone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Protone" title="Protone">Protone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Neutrone" title="Neutrone">Neutrone</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Barione_delta" title="Barione delta">Barione delta</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Barione_lambda" title="Barione lambda">Barione lambda</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Barione_sigma" title="Barione sigma">Barione sigma</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Barione_Xi" title="Barione Xi">Barione Xi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Barione_omega" title="Barione omega">Barione omega</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Mesone" title="Mesone">Mesoni</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Quarkonio" title="Quarkonio">quarkoni</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Pione" title="Pione">Pione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_rho" title="Mesone rho">Mesone rho</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_eta" title="Mesone eta">Mesoni eta e eta primo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_phi" title="Mesone phi">Mesone phi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_omega" title="Mesone omega">Mesone omega</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_J/Psi" title="Mesone J/Psi">Mesone J/Psi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_upsilon" title="Mesone upsilon">Mesone upsilon</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kaone" title="Kaone">Kaone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_B" title="Mesone B">Mesone B</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_D" title="Mesone D">Mesone D</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Adrone_esotico" title="Adrone esotico">Adroni esotici</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Tetraquark" title="Tetraquark">Tetraquark</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pentaquark" title="Pentaquark">Pentaquark</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:9%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Particelle_composte_ipotetiche" title="Categoria:Particelle composte ipotetiche">Ipotetiche</a></th><td colspan="1"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="font-weight:normal; width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Barione_esotico" title="Barione esotico">Barioni esotici</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Esaquark" title="Esaquark">Esaquark</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="font-weight:normal; width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Mesone_esotico" title="Mesone esotico">Mesoni esotici</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Glueball" title="Glueball">Glueball</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Odderone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odderone (la pagina non esiste)">Odderone</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_theta" title="Mesone theta">Mesone theta</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_T" title="Mesone T">Mesone T</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="font-weight:normal; width:12%;background:#e6e6ff">Altre</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Molecola_mesonica" title="Molecola mesonica">Molecola mesonica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pomerone" title="Pomerone">Pomerone</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:9%;background:#e6e6ff"><b>Altre</b></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Nucleo_atomico" title="Nucleo atomico">Nuclei atomici</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo">Atomi</a><b> ·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Atomi esotici</a> (<a href="/wiki/Positronio" title="Positronio">Positronio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Muonio_(fisica)" title="Muonio (fisica)">Muonio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tauonio" class="mw-redirect" title="Tauonio">Tauonio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pionio" title="Pionio">Pionio</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Atomolecola" title="Atomolecola">Atomolecole</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Molecola" title="Molecola">Molecole</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Superatomo" title="Superatomo">Superatomo</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:10%"><b><a href="/wiki/Quasiparticella" title="Quasiparticella">Quasiparticelle</a></b></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd" style="background:transparent"><a href="/wiki/Droplettone" title="Droplettone">Droplettone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eccitone" title="Eccitone">Eccitone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fasone" title="Fasone">Fasone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frattone_(particella)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frattone (particella) (la pagina non esiste)">Frattone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fonone" title="Fonone">Fonone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lacuna_(fisica)" title="Lacuna (fisica)">Lacuna</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Levitone" title="Levitone">Levitone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Magnone_(fisica)" title="Magnone (fisica)">Magnone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasmarone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasmarone (la pagina non esiste)">Plasmarone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Plasmone" title="Plasmone">Plasmone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Polaritone" title="Polaritone">Polaritone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Polarone" title="Polarone">Polarone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Qualunquone" title="Qualunquone">Qualunquone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rotone" title="Rotone">Rotone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Skyrmione" title="Skyrmione">Skyrmione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Skyrmione_magnetico" title="Skyrmione magnetico">Skyrmione magnetico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Solitone" title="Solitone">Solitone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Solitone_di_Davydov" title="Solitone di Davydov">Solitone di Davydov</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Spinone_(fisica)" title="Spinone (fisica)">Spinone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Topolaritone" title="Topolaritone">Topolaritone</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" class="navbox_abovebelow"><a href="/wiki/Cronologia_della_scoperta_delle_particelle" title="Cronologia della scoperta delle particelle">Cronologia della scoperta delle particelle</a></th></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85046399">sh85046399</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4153344-6">4153344-6</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007562820005171">987007562820005171</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fisica"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg/25px-Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg/38px-Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg/50px-Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Fisica" title="Portale:Fisica">Portale Fisica</a></b>: accedi alle voci di Wikipedia che trattano di fisica</div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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