CINXE.COM
Archive | Thorax
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" version="HTML+RDFa+MathML 1.1" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:sioc="http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#" xmlns:sioct="http://rdfs.org/sioc/types#" xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <head profile="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab"> <!--[if IE]><![endif]--> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://thorax.bmj.com/sites/default/themes/bmjj/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 7 (http://drupal.org)" /> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];window.dataLayer.push({"page":{"hwTitle":"Archive","hwUrl":"https://thorax.bmj.com/content/by/year/2006","hwPath":"/content/by/year/2006","hwType":"other page"},"user":{"hwMemberID":"","hwLoggedIntoInstitutionID":"","hwLoggedIntoInstitution":"","hwAccessUsageTerms":"guest","hwRegisteredUser":"no","mail":"e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855"}}); //--><!]]></script> <title>Archive | Thorax</title> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__HjWTR4hg55_JCry7s6RyhkFmouvyeVwzSAROIqiAdxc__gPI6ywuAjaMZ7kFEohk1jP8BhFgM_GcitDqMYgZogEE__UK4XtEDKdMc0Gs7HNCE9o0vU2f7Fe9vzuvoxMxYgoFA.css" media="all" /> <!-- OneTrust Cookies Consent Notice start --> <script src="https://cookie-cdn.cookiepro.com/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="565e50dd-f6e9-46d6-91cd-5c40a270264f"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function OnetrustAdsConsent(){ if(googletag.apiReady){ //console.log("GoogleTag API ready") googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad(); if(OptanonActiveGroups.match(/,4,/)){ googletag.pubads().setRequestNonPersonalizedAds(0); //googletag.pubads().refresh(); } else{ googletag.pubads().setRequestNonPersonalizedAds(1); googletag.pubads().refresh(); } } else{ OnetrustAdsConsent(); } } function OptanonWrapper() { OnetrustAdsConsent(); } </script> <!-- OneTrust Cookies Consent Notice end --> <script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__DdxPgqGimsdUot2QWNz_pGsHzqNGpx6RMCWHpL8YWkg__c6zfK6oHHbLpTal5PdQxeQI3xGoCM8IXWtEHwIZr560__UK4XtEDKdMc0Gs7HNCE9o0vU2f7Fe9vzuvoxMxYgoFA.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__0S2AKQkW7RCig9aepBEEI1UmFkFqB835Wc0Psm8OelI__JnBKXypp4P5kw6-b5GRNUYAoMFsARRZ3MY57TKBfKQ4__UK4XtEDKdMc0Gs7HNCE9o0vU2f7Fe9vzuvoxMxYgoFA.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer="defer" async="async" src="//cdn.foxycart.com/bmjpg.ecommerce.highwire.org/loader.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- /*! * yepnope1.5.4 * (c) WTFPL, GPLv2 */ (function(a,b,c){function d(a){return"[object Function]"==o.call(a)}function e(a){return"string"==typeof a}function f(){}function g(a){return!a||"loaded"==a||"complete"==a||"uninitialized"==a}function h(){var a=p.shift();q=1,a?a.t?m(function(){("c"==a.t?B.injectCss:B.injectJs)(a.s,0,a.a,a.x,a.e,1)},0):(a(),h()):q=0}function i(a,c,d,e,f,i,j){function k(b){if(!o&&g(l.readyState)&&(u.r=o=1,!q&&h(),l.onload=l.onreadystatechange=null,b)){"img"!=a&&m(function(){t.removeChild(l)},50);for(var d in y[c])y[c].hasOwnProperty(d)&&y[c][d].onload()}}var j=j||B.errorTimeout,l=b.createElement(a),o=0,r=0,u={t:d,s:c,e:f,a:i,x:j};1===y[c]&&(r=1,y[c]=[]),"object"==a?l.data=c:(l.src=c,l.type=a),l.width=l.height="0",l.onerror=l.onload=l.onreadystatechange=function(){k.call(this,r)},p.splice(e,0,u),"img"!=a&&(r||2===y[c]?(t.insertBefore(l,s?null:n),m(k,j)):y[c].push(l))}function j(a,b,c,d,f){return q=0,b=b||"j",e(a)?i("c"==b?v:u,a,b,this.i++,c,d,f):(p.splice(this.i++,0,a),1==p.length&&h()),this}function k(){var a=B;return a.loader={load:j,i:0},a}var l=b.documentElement,m=a.setTimeout,n=b.getElementsByTagName("script")[0],o={}.toString,p=[],q=0,r="MozAppearance"in l.style,s=r&&!!b.createRange().compareNode,t=s?l:n.parentNode,l=a.opera&&"[object Opera]"==o.call(a.opera),l=!!b.attachEvent&&!l,u=r?"object":l?"script":"img",v=l?"script":u,w=Array.isArray||function(a){return"[object Array]"==o.call(a)},x=[],y={},z={timeout:function(a,b){return b.length&&(a.timeout=b[0]),a}},A,B;B=function(a){function b(a){var a=a.split("!"),b=x.length,c=a.pop(),d=a.length,c={url:c,origUrl:c,prefixes:a},e,f,g;for(f=0;f<d;f++)g=a[f].split("="),(e=z[g.shift()])&&(c=e(c,g));for(f=0;f<b;f++)c=x[f](c);return c}function g(a,e,f,g,h){var i=b(a),j=i.autoCallback;i.url.split(".").pop().split("?").shift(),i.bypass||(e&&(e=d(e)?e:e[a]||e[g]||e[a.split("/").pop().split("?")[0]]),i.instead?i.instead(a,e,f,g,h):(y[i.url]?i.noexec=!0:y[i.url]=1,f.load(i.url,i.forceCSS||!i.forceJS&&"css"==i.url.split(".").pop().split("?").shift()?"c":c,i.noexec,i.attrs,i.timeout),(d(e)||d(j))&&f.load(function(){k(),e&&e(i.origUrl,h,g),j&&j(i.origUrl,h,g),y[i.url]=2})))}function h(a,b){function c(a,c){if(a){if(e(a))c||(j=function(){var a=[].slice.call(arguments);k.apply(this,a),l()}),g(a,j,b,0,h);else if(Object(a)===a)for(n in m=function(){var b=0,c;for(c in a)a.hasOwnProperty(c)&&b++;return b}(),a)a.hasOwnProperty(n)&&(!c&&!--m&&(d(j)?j=function(){var a=[].slice.call(arguments);k.apply(this,a),l()}:j[n]=function(a){return function(){var b=[].slice.call(arguments);a&&a.apply(this,b),l()}}(k[n])),g(a[n],j,b,n,h))}else!c&&l()}var h=!!a.test,i=a.load||a.both,j=a.callback||f,k=j,l=a.complete||f,m,n;c(h?a.yep:a.nope,!!i),i&&c(i)}var i,j,l=this.yepnope.loader;if(e(a))g(a,0,l,0);else if(w(a))for(i=0;i<a.length;i++)j=a[i],e(j)?g(j,0,l,0):w(j)?B(j):Object(j)===j&&h(j,l);else Object(a)===a&&h(a,l)},B.addPrefix=function(a,b){z[a]=b},B.addFilter=function(a){x.push(a)},B.errorTimeout=1e4,null==b.readyState&&b.addEventListener&&(b.readyState="loading",b.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",A=function(){b.removeEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",A,0),b.readyState="complete"},0)),a.yepnope=k(),a.yepnope.executeStack=h,a.yepnope.injectJs=function(a,c,d,e,i,j){var k=b.createElement("script"),l,o,e=e||B.errorTimeout;k.src=a;for(o in d)k.setAttribute(o,d[o]);c=j?h:c||f,k.onreadystatechange=k.onload=function(){!l&&g(k.readyState)&&(l=1,c(),k.onload=k.onreadystatechange=null)},m(function(){l||(l=1,c(1))},e),i?k.onload():n.parentNode.insertBefore(k,n)},a.yepnope.injectCss=function(a,c,d,e,g,i){var e=b.createElement("link"),j,c=i?h:c||f;e.href=a,e.rel="stylesheet",e.type="text/css";for(j in d)e.setAttribute(j,d[j]);g||(n.parentNode.insertBefore(e,n),m(c,0))}})(this,document); //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- yepnope({ test: Modernizr.matchmedia, nope: '/sites/all/libraries/media-match/media.match.min.js' }); //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- ;var googletag=googletag||{};googletag.cmd=googletag.cmd||[];googletag.slots=googletag.slots||{}; //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- googletag.slots["top"] = googletag.defineSlot("/21798771943/THORAX-TOP", [[970, 250], [900, 250], [728, 90], [468, 60], [320, 100], [320, 50]], "dfp-ad-top") .addService(googletag.pubads()); //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- googletag.slots["bottom"] = googletag.defineSlot("/21798771943/THORAX-BOTTOM", [[970, 250], [900, 250], [728, 90], [468, 60], [320, 100], [320, 50]], "dfp-ad-bottom") .addService(googletag.pubads()); //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- ;googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.pubads().enableAsyncRendering();googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs();googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded',function(e){if(e.isEmpty){var t=e.slot.getSlotElementId(),g=document.getElementById(t);if(g.parentElement.classList.contains('dfp-tag-wrapper')){g.parentElement.style.display='none'}}});googletag.pubads().setTargeting('url','/content/by/year/2006');googletag.pubads().setTargeting('page:hwTitle','Archive');googletag.pubads().setTargeting('page:hwUrl','https://thorax.bmj.com/content/by/year/2006');googletag.pubads().setTargeting('page:hwPath','/content/by/year/2006');googletag.pubads().setTargeting('page:hwType','other page');googletag.pubads().setTargeting('user:hwAccessUsageTerms','guest');googletag.pubads().setTargeting('user:hwRegisteredUser','no')});googletag.enableServices(); //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- jQuery.extend(Drupal.settings, {"basePath":"\/","pathPrefix":"","ajaxPageState":{"theme":"bmjj","theme_token":"C2G8mREIUy_sdwqLAPKHl423MI0ZmT6Kn6e1loTnqqw"},"colorbox":{"opacity":"0.85","current":"{current} of {total}","previous":"\u00ab Prev","next":"Next \u00bb","close":"Close","maxWidth":"98%","maxHeight":"98%","fixed":true,"mobiledetect":true,"mobiledevicewidth":"480px"},"user_uid":0,"customer_email":"","cartstack_siteid":"","foxycart_subdomain":"bmjpg.ecommerce.highwire.org","foxycart_always_show_cart_link":1,"hw_fc_cookie_domain":".bmj.com","jcarousel":{"ajaxPath":"\/jcarousel\/ajax\/views"},"highwire_cover_toggle":{"default_value":0},"urlIsAjaxTrusted":{"\/content\/by\/year\/2006":true},"highwire_issue_archive_date":{"mode":"horizontal","speed":"500","controls":true,"prevText":"\u003Cspan class=\u0022icon-arrow-left\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPrevious page\u003C\/span\u003E","nextText":"\u003Cspan\u003ENext page\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022icon-arrow-right\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E","pager":true,"minSlides":"1","maxSlides":"20","moveSlides":"0","slideWidth":"68","slideMargin":"0","responsive":true,"touchEnabled":true,"oneToOneTouch":true,"infiniteLoop":true,"hideControlOnEnd":false},"highwireResponsive":{"enquire_enabled":1,"breakpoints_configured":1,"breakpoints":{"narrow":"all and (min-width: 768px) and (min-device-width: 768px), (max-device-width: 800px) and (min-width: 768px) and (orientation:landscape)","normal":"all and (min-width: 1024px) and (min-device-width: 1024px), all (max-width: 1220px) and (max-device-width: 1220px) and (orientation:landscape)","wide":"all and (min-width: 1220px)"}},"highwire":{"dataLayer":"{\u0022page\u0022:{\u0022hwTitle\u0022:\u0022Archive\u0022,\u0022hwUrl\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thorax.bmj.com\\\/content\\\/by\\\/year\\\/2006\u0022,\u0022hwPath\u0022:\u0022\\\/content\\\/by\\\/year\\\/2006\u0022,\u0022hwType\u0022:\u0022other page\u0022},\u0022user\u0022:{\u0022hwMemberID\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwLoggedIntoInstitutionID\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwLoggedIntoInstitution\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwAccessUsageTerms\u0022:\u0022guest\u0022,\u0022hwRegisteredUser\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022mail\u0022:\u0022e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855\u0022}}"}}); //--><!]]> </script> <!--[if lt IE 10]><script src="https://thorax.bmj.com/sites/all/themes/highwire/axon/js/media.match.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script><![endif]--> <!--[if lt IE 9]><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/sites/default/themes/bmjj/css/theme/ie-7-8.css" /><![endif]--> <script> let cookies = parseCookies(); let bmj_uuid = cookies.bmj_uuid; let bmj_ppid = cookies.bmj_ppid; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; const anonMailId = 'e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855'; function checkUserLoginStatus(dataLayer) { const userMail = dataLayer.find((item) => item.user)?.user?.mail; if (!userMail) { return false; } return userMail !== anonMailId; } let nonAnonMailId = ((dataLayer.find(item => item.user)?.user)?.mail) === anonMailId ? null : (dataLayer.find(item => item.user)?.user)?.mail; let userId = ((dataLayer.find(item => item.user)?.user)?.['data-ics']) ?? ((dataLayer.find(item => item.user)?.user)?.mail && nonAnonMailId) ?? bmj_ppid ?? bmj_uuid; document.cookie = 'bmj_ppid=' + userId + '; domain=.bmj.com; path=/; max-age=31622400; SameSite=None; Secure'; googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().setPublisherProvidedId(userId); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("islogged", checkUserLoginStatus(dataLayer) ? "true" : "false"); googletag.enableServices(); }); window.dataLayer.push({ 'bmj_uuid': bmj_uuid }); </script> </head> <body class="html not-front not-logged-in no-sidebars page-content page-content-by page-content-by-year page-content-by-year- page-content-by-year-2006"> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5NN54W" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <script type="text/javascript">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];var j=d.createElement(s);var dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.src='//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;j.type='text/javascript';j.async=true;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5NN54W');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <div id="skip-link"> <a href="#main-content" class="element-invisible element-focusable">Skip to main content</a> </div> <div class="page" id="page"> <section class="container-fluid content-header"> <header role="banner" class="section section-header row"> <div class="zone zone-superheader"> <div class="region region-superheader"> <div class="region-inner region-superheader-inner"> <div class="region region-superheader"> <div id="block-panels-mini-jnl-template-bmjj-uid-strng" class="block block-panels-mini" class="block block-panels-mini"> <div class="content"> <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_template_bmjj_uid_strng"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-dfp-pane" > <div class="pane-content"> <div id="dfp-ad-top-wrapper" class="dfp-tag-wrapper"> <div id="dfp-ad-top" class="dfp-tag-wrapper"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("dfp-ad-top"); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- /.region-superheader --> </div><!-- /.zone-super-header --> <div class="site-info mobile-hidden"> </div><!-- /.site-info --> <div class="zone zone-header row mobile-hidden"> <div class="region region-header"> <div class="region-inner region-header-inner"> </div> </div><!-- ./region-header --> </div><!-- /.zone-header --> </header> <!-- /.section-header --> <section class="row visible-sm visible-md visible-lg header header-platform mobile-hidden"> <div class="col-narrow-3 col-normal-3 col-large-3 logo-bmj"> <div class="l-inline"> <p class="logo-bmj-journals"><a href="http://journals.bmj.com/" title="BMJ Journals"><img src="/sites/default/themes/bmjj/img/logos/logo-bmj-journals.svg" title="BMJ Journals" alt="BMJ Journals"/></a></p> </div> </div> <div class="col-narrow-9 col-normal-9 col-large-9 no-right-padding"> <div class="region region-top"> <div class="region-inner"> <div class="region region-platmenu"> <div id="block-menu-menu-platform-menu" class="block block-menu" class="block block-menu"> <div class="content"> <ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/subscribe" data-hide-link-title="0" class="header-subscribe-link" data-icon-position="">Subscribe</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/" id="menu-login" class="drop-menu link-icon-right link-icon"><span class="title">Log In</span> <span class="icon icon-arrow-down"></span></a> <a href="# " class="menu-attach-block-drop-link external expand-on-click" data-block-id="panels_mini|challenge_opportunity_pane_dropdown" id="<front>-drop-link-728" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">More</a><div class="menu-attach-block-wrapper"> <div id="block-panels-mini-challenge-opportunity-pane-dropdown" class="block block-panels-mini article-login bmjj-login" class="block block-panels-mini"> <div class="content"> <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-challenge_opportunity_pane_dropdown"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-bmjj-society-logins society-logins" > <div class="pane-content"> <span class="ui-button ui-state-default ui-dialog-titlebar-close" title="close"></span><div class="shib-login-link"><a href="/login/shibboleth?subcode=bmjjournals&env=prod&uri=https%3A//thorax.bmj.com/accallback/content%25252Fby%25252Fyear%25252F2006" class="button society-login-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Log in via Institution</a></div><div class="openathens-login-link"><a href="https://openathens-sp.highwire.org/session/init?entityID=https%3A//idp.eduserv.org.uk/openathens&hw-shib-return-uri=https%3A//thorax.bmj.com/accallback/content%25252Fby%25252Fyear%25252F2006&subcode=bmjjournals" class="button society-login-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Log in via OpenAthens</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-opportunity-challenge" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class='opportunity-challenge-login'><h3>Log in using your username and password</h3><div class="drupal-login compact"><form action="/content/by/year/2006" method="post" id="highwire-user-login--2" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div id="edit-customtext--2" class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-item"> <span class="customtext">For personal accounts OR managers of institutional accounts</span> </div> <div class="form-item form-item-label-invisible form-type-textfield form-item-name"> <label class="element-invisible" for="edit-name--2">Username <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label> <input placeholder="Username" type="text" id="edit-name--2" name="name" value="" size="30" maxlength="60" class="form-text required" /> </div> <div class="form-item form-item-label-invisible form-type-password form-item-pass"> <label class="element-invisible" for="edit-pass--2">Password <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label> <input placeholder="Password" type="password" id="edit-pass--2" name="pass" size="30" maxlength="128" class="form-text required" /> </div> <input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-GSLLFgKwF5jspCjAIdm3itmGmYmPRz3usxfXkGUgUbY" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="highwire_user_login" /> <div class="bmjj-reset-password"><a href="/user/password" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Forgot your log in details?</a><a href="/user/register?destination=content/by/year/2006" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Register a new account?</a></div><div class="form-actions form-wrapper" id="edit-actions--2"><input type="submit" id="edit-submit--2" name="op" value="Log in" class="form-submit" /></div><div class="reset-password"><a href="/user/password" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Forgot</a> your user name or password?</div></div></form></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/cart" class="link-icon-right link-icon"><span class="title">Basket</span> <span class="icon icon-basket"></span></a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/search" id="menu-search" class="drop-menu link-icon-right link-icon"><span class="title">Search</span> <span class="icon icon-search"></span></a> <a href="# " class="menu-attach-block-drop-link external expand-on-click" data-block-id="panels_mini|jnl_template_bmjj_search_box" id="search-drop-link-729" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">More</a><div class="menu-attach-block-wrapper"> <div id="block-panels-mini-jnl-template-bmjj-search-box" class="block block-panels-mini" class="block block-panels-mini"> <div class="content"> <div class="panel-display one-layout " id="mini-panel-jnl_template_bmjj_search_box-1"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-seach-quicksearch block-search pull-left" > <div class="pane-content"> <form class="highwire-quicksearch button-style-mini button-style-mini" action="/content/by/year/2006" method="post" id="highwire-search-quicksearch-form-1" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="form-item form-item-label-invisible form-type-textfield form-item-keywords"> <label class="element-invisible" for="search_rightsidebar_keywords_123332060">Search for this keyword </label> <input placeholder="search" type="text" id="search_rightsidebar_keywords_123332060" name="keywords" value="" size="60" maxlength="128" class="form-text" /> </div> <input data-icon-only="1" data-font-icon="icon-search" data-icon-position="after" type="submit" id="search_rightsidebar_submit_1502896232" name="op" value="Search" class="form-submit" /><input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-FZVYfYDsEgzIqBAkzCSfvaloKc7pXBtY2cLkqwUdSx8" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="highwire_search_quicksearch_form_1" /> </div></form> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-custom pane-3 pull-right advanced-search-link" > <div class="pane-content"> <a href="/search">Advanced search</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- /.region-top --> </div> </section> <div class="row header header-journal"> <div class="col-mobile-7 col-narrow-2 col-normal-4 logo-journal"> <a href="/"><img src="https://resources.bmj.com/repository/journals-network-project/images/journal-logos/logo-thorax.svg" alt="Thorax" id="logo-img"></a> </div> <div class="col-mobile-5 col-narrow-10 col-normal-8 no-right-padding nav-journal"> <div class="region region-journmenu"> <div id="block-system-main-menu" class="block block-system mobile-hidden block-menu" class="block block-system mobile-hidden block-menu"> <div class="content"> <ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="https://thorax.bmj.com/pages/thorax-education" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Thorax Education</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/content/early/recent" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Latest content</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/content/current" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Current issue</a></li> <li class="leaf active-trail"><a href="/content/by/year" class="active-trail active" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Archive</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="http://thorax.bmj.com/pages/authors/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Authors</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="https://thoraxbmj.podbean.com/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Podcasts</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="http://thorax.bmj.com/pages/about/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">About</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="block-panels-mini-mobile-slide-out-menu" class="block block-panels-mini mobile-only" class="block block-panels-mini mobile-only"> <div class="content"> <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-mobile_slide_out_menu"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div id="" class="highwire-responsive-toggle-group"><div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-jnl-template-bmjj-search-box" > <h2 class="pane-title"><span class="icon-search"></span></h2> <div class="pane-content"> <div class="panel-display one-layout " id="mini-panel-jnl_template_bmjj_search_box"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-seach-quicksearch block-search pull-left" > <div class="pane-content"> <form class="highwire-quicksearch button-style-mini button-style-mini" action="/content/by/year/2006" method="post" id="highwire-search-quicksearch-form-0" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="form-item form-item-label-invisible form-type-textfield form-item-keywords"> <label class="element-invisible" for="search_rightsidebar_keywords_1426235281">Search for this keyword </label> <input placeholder="search" type="text" id="search_rightsidebar_keywords_1426235281" name="keywords" value="" size="60" maxlength="128" class="form-text" /> </div> <input data-icon-only="1" data-font-icon="icon-search" data-icon-position="after" type="submit" id="search_rightsidebar_submit_307854837" name="op" value="Search" class="form-submit" /><input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-B8lvbz2X0XPWe81uQL6JB_HsrBOX00B9lR47PKWDbNg" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="highwire_search_quicksearch_form_0" /> </div></form> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-custom pane-2 pull-right advanced-search-link" > <div class="pane-content"> <a href="/search">Advanced search</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-menu-menu-mobile-slideout-menu pane-menu" > <h2 class="pane-title"><span class="icon-menu"></span></h2> <div class="pane-content"> <ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/" class="menu-close link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon icon-close"></span> <span class="title element-invisible">Close</span></a> <a href="# " class="menu-attach-block-drop-link external expand-on-click" data-block-id="panels_mini|mobile_slide_out_autobot_menu" id="<front>-drop-link-781" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">More</a><div class="menu-attach-block-wrapper"> <div id="block-panels-mini-mobile-slide-out-autobot-menu" class="block block-panels-mini" class="block block-panels-mini"> <div class="content"> <div class="panel-display one-layout " id="mini-panel-mobile_slide_out_autobot_menu"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-menu-tree pane-main-menu" > <h2 class="pane-title">Main menu</h2> <div class="pane-content"> <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-ctools-main-menu-1 menu-name-main-menu parent-mlid-main-menu:0 menu-level-1"> <ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-14793"><a href="https://thorax.bmj.com/pages/thorax-education" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Thorax Education</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-14794"><a href="/content/early/recent" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Latest content</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-14795"><a href="/content/current" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Current issue</a></li> <li class="leaf active-trail menu-mlid-14796"><a href="/content/by/year" class="active-trail" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Archive</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-14797"><a href="http://thorax.bmj.com/pages/authors/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Authors</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-14798"><a href="https://thoraxbmj.podbean.com/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Podcasts</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-14799"><a href="http://thorax.bmj.com/pages/about/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">About</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/subscribe" data-hide-link-title="0" class="callout-link" data-icon-position="">Subscribe</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/" class="mobile-drop-down callout-link link-icon-right link-icon"><span class="title">Log in</span> <span class="icon icon-plus"></span></a> <a href="# " class="menu-attach-block-drop-link external expand-on-click" data-block-id="panels_mini|jnl_template_bmjj_login" id="<front>-drop-link-780" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">More</a><div class="menu-attach-block-wrapper"> <div id="block-panels-mini-jnl-template-bmjj-login" class="block block-panels-mini" class="block block-panels-mini"> <div class="content"> <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_template_bmjj_login"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-bmjj-society-logins society-logins opportunity-challenge-login" > <div class="pane-content"> <span class="ui-button ui-state-default ui-dialog-titlebar-close" title="close"></span><div class="shib-login-link"><a href="/login/shibboleth?subcode=bmjjournals&env=prod&uri=https%3A//thorax.bmj.com/accallback/content%25252Fby%25252Fyear%25252F2006" class="button society-login-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Log in via Institution</a></div><div class="openathens-login-link"><a href="https://openathens-sp.highwire.org/session/init?entityID=https%3A//idp.eduserv.org.uk/openathens&hw-shib-return-uri=https%3A//thorax.bmj.com/accallback/content%25252Fby%25252Fyear%25252F2006&subcode=bmjjournals" class="button society-login-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Log in via OpenAthens</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-opportunity-challenge" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class='opportunity-challenge-login'><h3>Log in using your username and password</h3><div class="drupal-login compact"><form action="/content/by/year/2006" method="post" id="highwire-user-login" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div id="edit-customtext" class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-item"> <span class="customtext">For personal accounts OR managers of institutional accounts</span> </div> <div class="form-item form-item-label-invisible form-type-textfield form-item-name"> <label class="element-invisible" for="edit-name">Username <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label> <input placeholder="Username" type="text" id="edit-name" name="name" value="" size="30" maxlength="60" class="form-text required" /> </div> <div class="form-item form-item-label-invisible form-type-password form-item-pass"> <label class="element-invisible" for="edit-pass">Password <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label> <input placeholder="Password" type="password" id="edit-pass" name="pass" size="30" maxlength="128" class="form-text required" /> </div> <input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-RaEMenOEFzSyNGYRTP80eic7U9Me0j_oUhmhnow9iH8" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="highwire_user_login" /> <div class="bmjj-reset-password"><a href="/user/password" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Forgot your log in details?</a><a href="/user/register?destination=content/by/year/2006" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Register a new account?</a></div><div class="form-actions form-wrapper" id="edit-actions"><input type="submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="Log in" class="form-submit" /></div><div class="reset-password"><a href="/user/password" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Forgot</a> your user name or password?</div></div></form></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="http://journals.bmj.com/" data-hide-link-title="0" class="bmj-link" data-icon-position="">BMJ Journals</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- /.region-top --> </div> </section> <section role="main" class="section section-content container-fluid"> <div class="crumb-navigation"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-mobile-12 col-narrow-9 col-normal-9 col-wide-10 breadcrumbs"> <h2 class="element-invisible">You are here</h2><div class="item-list"><ul class="breadcrumb"><li class="first"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Home</a></li> <li>Archive</li> <li class="last"><span class="active">Archive</span></li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="mobile-hidden col-narrow-3 col-normal-3 col-wide-2 email-alerts"> <span> <a href="https://myaccount.bmj.com/myaccount/signup.html?regService=etoc-alerts&corpusCode=thoraxjnl&fwdUrl=https://thorax.bmj.com/" class="email-alerts-label"><i class="icon icon-article-alerts"></i>Email alerts</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="zone zone-content row"> <div class="region region-content col-narrow-12"> <div class="region-inner region-content-inner"> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="region region-content"> <div id="block-system-main" class="block block-system" class="block block-system"> <div class="content"> <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" > <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-page-title" > <div class="pane-content"> <h1 id="page-title">Archive</h1> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-content-range pane-page-title-suffix" > <div class="pane-content"> <div id = "" class = "journal-content-year">March 01, 1946 - December 01, 2024</div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-snippet" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="snippet jnl-template-bmjj-issue-archive-header" id="jnl-template-bmjj-issue-archive-header"> <div class="snippet-content"> <p>Full Text (PDF Format Only) and Abstracts: March 1946 - January 1997</p> <p>Full Text and Abstracts: February 1997 - Present</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-cover-toggle pull-right float-me-right no-margin-bottom" > <div class="pane-content"> <form action="/content/by/year/2006" method="post" id="highwire-cover-toggle-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-checkbox form-item-toggle-cover"> <label for="edit-toggle-cover">Show Covers? </label> <input class="highwire-cover-toggle form-checkbox" type="checkbox" id="edit-toggle-cover" name="toggle_cover" value="1" /> </div> <input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-FF_DwF6rLFZ6E_uaY-Ljqx-O1dn45kWoLBMuLWE9ncs" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="highwire_cover_toggle_form" /> </div></form> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-custom pane-1" > <div class="pane-content"> <span class = "issue-archive-link link-volume"><a href="/content/by/volume">Browse by Volumes </a></span> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-issue-archive-date-nav not-epub" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="nav-parent"><div class="highwire-list issue-archive-browser issue-archive-date-browser"><ul class="issue-browser decades slider" data-hw-issue-archive-settings="highwire_issue_archive_date"><li class="decade first odd" id="1940"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">1940s</a></li><li class="decade even" id="1950"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">1950s</a></li><li class="decade odd" id="1960"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">1960s</a></li><li class="decade even" id="1970"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">1970s</a></li><li class="decade odd" id="1980"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">1980s</a></li><li class="decade even" id="1990"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">1990s</a></li><li class="decade active odd" id="2000"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">2000s</a></li><li class="decade even" id="2010"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">2010s</a></li><li class="decade last odd" id="2020"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">2020s</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-children"><div class="highwire-list"><ul class="issue-browser years 1940"><li class="year empty first odd"><span></span></li><li class="year empty even"><span></span></li><li class="year empty odd"><span></span></li><li class="year empty even"><span></span></li><li class="year empty odd"><span></span></li><li class="year empty even"><span></span></li><li class="year odd"><a href="/content/by/year/1946">1946</a></li><li class="year even"><a href="/content/by/year/1947">1947</a></li><li class="year odd"><a href="/content/by/year/1948">1948</a></li><li class="year last even"><a href="/content/by/year/1949">1949</a></li></ul></div><div class="highwire-list"><ul class="issue-browser years 1950"><li class="year first odd"><a href="/content/by/year/1950">1950</a></li><li class="year even"><a href="/content/by/year/1951">1951</a></li><li class="year odd"><a href="/content/by/year/1952">1952</a></li><li class="year even"><a href="/content/by/year/1953">1953</a></li><li class="year odd"><a href="/content/by/year/1954">1954</a></li><li class="year even"><a href="/content/by/year/1955">1955</a></li><li class="year odd"><a href="/content/by/year/1956">1956</a></li><li class="year even"><a href="/content/by/year/1957">1957</a></li><li class="year odd"><a href="/content/by/year/1958">1958</a></li><li class="year last even"><a href="/content/by/year/1959">1959</a></li></ul></div><div class="highwire-list"><ul class="issue-browser years 1960"><li class="year first odd"><a href="/content/by/year/1960">1960</a></li><li class="year even"><a href="/content/by/year/1961">1961</a></li><li class="year odd"><a href="/content/by/year/1962">1962</a></li><li class="year even"><a href="/content/by/year/1963">1963</a></li><li class="year odd"><a href="/content/by/year/1964">1964</a></li><li class="year even"><a href="/content/by/year/1965">1965</a></li><li class="year odd"><a href="/content/by/year/1966">1966</a></li><li class="year even"><a href="/content/by/year/1967">1967</a></li><li class="year odd"><a href="/content/by/year/1968">1968</a></li><li class="year last even"><a href="/content/by/year/1969">1969</a></li></ul></div><div class="highwire-list"><ul class="issue-browser years 1970"><li class="year first odd"><a href="/content/by/year/1970">1970</a></li><li class="year even"><a href="/content/by/year/1971">1971</a></li><li class="year odd"><a href="/content/by/year/1972">1972</a></li><li class="year even"><a href="/content/by/year/1973">1973</a></li><li class="year odd"><a href="/content/by/year/1974">1974</a></li><li class="year even"><a href="/content/by/year/1975">1975</a></li><li class="year odd"><a href="/content/by/year/1976">1976</a></li><li class="year even"><a href="/content/by/year/1977">1977</a></li><li class="year odd"><a href="/content/by/year/1978">1978</a></li><li class="year last even"><a href="/content/by/year/1979">1979</a></li></ul></div><div class="highwire-list"><ul class="issue-browser years 1980"><li class="year first odd"><a href="/content/by/year/1980">1980</a></li><li class="year even"><a href="/content/by/year/1981">1981</a></li><li class="year odd"><a href="/content/by/year/1982">1982</a></li><li class="year even"><a href="/content/by/year/1983">1983</a></li><li class="year odd"><a href="/content/by/year/1984">1984</a></li><li class="year even"><a href="/content/by/year/1985">1985</a></li><li class="year odd"><a href="/content/by/year/1986">1986</a></li><li class="year even"><a href="/content/by/year/1987">1987</a></li><li class="year odd"><a href="/content/by/year/1988">1988</a></li><li class="year last even"><a href="/content/by/year/1989">1989</a></li></ul></div><div class="highwire-list"><ul class="issue-browser years 1990"><li class="year first odd"><a href="/content/by/year/1990">1990</a></li><li class="year even"><a href="/content/by/year/1991">1991</a></li><li class="year odd"><a href="/content/by/year/1992">1992</a></li><li class="year even"><a href="/content/by/year/1993">1993</a></li><li class="year odd"><a href="/content/by/year/1994">1994</a></li><li class="year even"><a href="/content/by/year/1995">1995</a></li><li class="year odd"><a href="/content/by/year/1996">1996</a></li><li class="year even"><a href="/content/by/year/1997">1997</a></li><li class="year odd"><a href="/content/by/year/1998">1998</a></li><li class="year last even"><a href="/content/by/year/1999">1999</a></li></ul></div><div class="highwire-list"><ul class="issue-browser years 2000"><li class="year first odd"><a href="/content/by/year/2000">2000</a></li><li class="year even"><a href="/content/by/year/2001">2001</a></li><li class="year odd"><a href="/content/by/year/2002">2002</a></li><li class="year even"><a href="/content/by/year/2003">2003</a></li><li class="year odd"><a href="/content/by/year/2004">2004</a></li><li class="year even"><a href="/content/by/year/2005">2005</a></li><li class="year active odd"><a href="/content/by/year/2006">2006</a></li><li class="year even"><a href="/content/by/year/2007">2007</a></li><li class="year odd"><a href="/content/by/year/2008">2008</a></li><li class="year last even"><a href="/content/by/year/2009">2009</a></li></ul></div><div class="highwire-list"><ul class="issue-browser years 2010"><li class="year first odd"><a href="/content/by/year/2010">2010</a></li><li class="year even"><a href="/content/by/year/2011">2011</a></li><li class="year odd"><a href="/content/by/year/2012">2012</a></li><li class="year even"><a href="/content/by/year/2013">2013</a></li><li class="year odd"><a href="/content/by/year/2014">2014</a></li><li class="year even"><a href="/content/by/year/2015">2015</a></li><li class="year odd"><a href="/content/by/year/2016">2016</a></li><li class="year even"><a href="/content/by/year/2017">2017</a></li><li class="year odd"><a href="/content/by/year/2018">2018</a></li><li class="year last even"><a href="/content/by/year/2019">2019</a></li></ul></div><div class="highwire-list"><ul class="issue-browser years 2020"><li class="year first odd"><a href="/content/by/year/2020">2020</a></li><li class="year even"><a href="/content/by/year/2021">2021</a></li><li class="year odd"><a href="/content/by/year/2022">2022</a></li><li class="year even"><a href="/content/by/year/2023">2023</a></li><li class="year odd"><a href="/content/by/year/2024">2024</a></li><li class="year empty even"><span></span></li><li class="year empty odd"><span></span></li><li class="year empty even"><span></span></li><li class="year empty odd"><span></span></li><li class="year empty last even"><span></span></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-issue-archive not-epub" > <div class="pane-content"> <h3 class="archive-title">2006</h3><div class="archive-issue-list no-group-label"><ul class="issue-month-detail"><li ><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-issue node136125" data-node-nid="136125" id="node-136125--21013357762" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;61/12" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;61/12" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/61/12.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-issue highwire-citation-bmjj-archive-citation clearfix issue-link" class="issue-link" data-cover-image="https://thorax.bmj.com/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/highwire/thoraxjnl/61/12.cover.gif?itok=1jK-Xvu_" data-cover-issue-url="/content/61/12"> <div><a href="/content/61/12" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Vol 61, Issue 12</a></div> </div></div></li><li ><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-issue node135569" data-node-nid="135569" id="node-135569--21996229690" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;61/suppl_2" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;61/suppl_2" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/61/suppl_2.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-issue highwire-citation-bmjj-archive-citation clearfix issue-link" class="issue-link"> <div><a href="/content/61/suppl_2" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Vol 61, Issue suppl 2</a></div> <span class="issue-title">Winter Meeting 2006</span> </div></div></li></ul><ul class="issue-month-detail single-issue"><li ><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-issue node136121" data-node-nid="136121" id="node-136121--2595526753" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;61/11" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;61/11" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/61/11.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-issue highwire-citation-bmjj-archive-citation clearfix issue-link" class="issue-link" data-cover-image="https://thorax.bmj.com/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/highwire/thoraxjnl/61/11.cover.gif?itok=qAk4fFk5" data-cover-issue-url="/content/61/11"> <div><a href="/content/61/11" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Vol 61, Issue 11</a></div> </div></div></li></ul><ul class="issue-month-detail single-issue"><li ><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-issue node136118" data-node-nid="136118" id="node-136118--2213386837" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;61/10" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;61/10" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/61/10.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-issue highwire-citation-bmjj-archive-citation clearfix issue-link" class="issue-link" data-cover-image="https://thorax.bmj.com/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/highwire/thoraxjnl/61/10.cover.gif?itok=zvfRbwTK" data-cover-issue-url="/content/61/10"> <div><a href="/content/61/10" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Vol 61, Issue 10</a></div> </div></div></li></ul><ul class="issue-month-detail"><li ><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-issue node135565" data-node-nid="135565" id="node-135565--21917501879" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;61/suppl_1" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;61/suppl_1" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/61/suppl_1.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-issue highwire-citation-bmjj-archive-citation clearfix issue-link" class="issue-link"> <div><a href="/content/61/suppl_1" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Vol 61, Issue suppl 1</a></div> <span class="issue-title">BTS guidelines: recommendations for the management of cough in adults</span> </div></div></li><li ><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-issue node135552" data-node-nid="135552" id="node-135552--21662856277" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;61/9" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;61/9" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/61/9.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-issue highwire-citation-bmjj-archive-citation clearfix issue-link" class="issue-link" data-cover-image="https://thorax.bmj.com/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/highwire/thoraxjnl/61/9.cover.gif?itok=2ug1dXUA" data-cover-issue-url="/content/61/9"> <div><a href="/content/61/9" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Vol 61, Issue 9</a></div> </div></div></li></ul><ul class="issue-month-detail single-issue"><li ><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-issue node135548" data-node-nid="135548" id="node-135548--2690435828" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;61/8" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;61/8" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/61/8.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-issue highwire-citation-bmjj-archive-citation clearfix issue-link" class="issue-link" data-cover-image="https://thorax.bmj.com/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/highwire/thoraxjnl/61/8.cover.gif?itok=qaERb81f" data-cover-issue-url="/content/61/8"> <div><a href="/content/61/8" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Vol 61, Issue 8</a></div> </div></div></li></ul><ul class="issue-month-detail single-issue"><li ><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-issue node135542" data-node-nid="135542" id="node-135542--21337776889" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;61/7" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;61/7" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/61/7.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-issue highwire-citation-bmjj-archive-citation clearfix issue-link" class="issue-link" data-cover-image="https://thorax.bmj.com/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/highwire/thoraxjnl/61/7.cover.gif?itok=aaZaRilQ" data-cover-issue-url="/content/61/7"> <div><a href="/content/61/7" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Vol 61, Issue 7</a></div> </div></div></li></ul><ul class="issue-month-detail single-issue"><li ><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-issue node135537" data-node-nid="135537" id="node-135537--21479329002" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;61/6" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;61/6" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/61/6.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-issue highwire-citation-bmjj-archive-citation clearfix issue-link" class="issue-link" data-cover-image="https://thorax.bmj.com/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/highwire/thoraxjnl/61/6.cover.gif?itok=hiuLAWNw" data-cover-issue-url="/content/61/6"> <div><a href="/content/61/6" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Vol 61, Issue 6</a></div> </div></div></li></ul><ul class="issue-month-detail single-issue"><li ><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-issue node135531" data-node-nid="135531" id="node-135531--2557072612" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;61/5" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;61/5" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/61/5.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-issue highwire-citation-bmjj-archive-citation clearfix issue-link" class="issue-link" data-cover-image="https://thorax.bmj.com/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/highwire/thoraxjnl/61/5.cover.gif?itok=LeeZ724d" data-cover-issue-url="/content/61/5"> <div><a href="/content/61/5" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Vol 61, Issue 5</a></div> </div></div></li></ul><ul class="issue-month-detail single-issue"><li ><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-issue node135526" data-node-nid="135526" id="node-135526--21217579278" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;61/4" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;61/4" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/61/4.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-issue highwire-citation-bmjj-archive-citation clearfix issue-link" class="issue-link" data-cover-image="https://thorax.bmj.com/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/highwire/thoraxjnl/61/4.cover.gif?itok=C8QbuBWw" data-cover-issue-url="/content/61/4"> <div><a href="/content/61/4" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Vol 61, Issue 4</a></div> </div></div></li></ul><ul class="issue-month-detail single-issue"><li ><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-issue node135519" data-node-nid="135519" id="node-135519--2117529841" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;61/3" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;61/3" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/61/3.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-issue highwire-citation-bmjj-archive-citation clearfix issue-link" class="issue-link" data-cover-image="https://thorax.bmj.com/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/highwire/thoraxjnl/61/3.cover.gif?itok=0ZIMwN18" data-cover-issue-url="/content/61/3"> <div><a href="/content/61/3" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Vol 61, Issue 3</a></div> </div></div></li></ul><ul class="issue-month-detail single-issue"><li ><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-issue node135514" data-node-nid="135514" id="node-135514--22055632917" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;61/2" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;61/2" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/61/2.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-issue highwire-citation-bmjj-archive-citation clearfix issue-link" class="issue-link" data-cover-image="https://thorax.bmj.com/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/highwire/thoraxjnl/61/2.cover.gif?itok=QxUTnTvU" data-cover-issue-url="/content/61/2"> <div><a href="/content/61/2" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Vol 61, Issue 2</a></div> </div></div></li></ul><ul class="issue-month-detail single-issue"><li ><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-issue node135507" data-node-nid="135507" id="node-135507--21037569160" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;61/1" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;61/1" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/61/1.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-issue highwire-citation-bmjj-archive-citation clearfix issue-link" class="issue-link" data-cover-image="https://thorax.bmj.com/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/highwire/thoraxjnl/61/1.cover.gif?itok=kn0XHDJM" data-cover-issue-url="/content/61/1"> <div><a href="/content/61/1" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Vol 61, Issue 1</a></div> </div></div></li></ul></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-issue-archive-pager" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="pager highwire-pager pager-mini clearfix highwire-issue-archive-pager issue-archive-pager-date"><span class="pager-prev"><a href="/content/by/year/2005" class="pager-link-prev link-icon"><span class="icon icon-arrow-left"></span> <span class="title">Previous</span></a></span><span class="pager-next"><a href="/content/by/year/2007" class="pager-link-next link-icon-right link-icon"><span class="title">Next</span> <span class="icon icon-arrow-right"></span></a></span></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-back-to-top bmjj-archive-top" > <div class="pane-content"> <a href="#page" class="back-to-top" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="icon-chevron-up"></span> Back to top</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- /.region-content --> </div><!-- /.zone-content --> </div><!-- /.container --> </section> <!-- /.section-content --> </div> <!-- /.page --> <footer role="contentinfo" class="section section-footer container-fluid" id="footer"> <section class="zone zone-footer row footer-journal-societies"> <div class="region region-footer col-narrow-12"> <div class="region-inner region-footer-inner"> <div class="region region-footersoc"> <div id="block-panels-mini-footer-society-images" class="block block-panels-mini" class="block block-panels-mini"> <div class="content"> <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-footer_society_images"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-bmjj-societies-logos" > <div class="pane-content"> <ul><li><a href="http://www.brit-thoracic.org.uk/"><img src="https://resources.bmj.com/repository/journals-network-project/images/society-logos/society-logo-bts.png" alt="British Thoracic Society" /></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- /.region-footer-first --> </section> <section role="contentinfo" class="section section-footer"> <div class="zone zone-footer footer-links"> <nav class="row"> <div class="region region-footerlinks1"> <div id="block-menu-block-1" class="block block-menu-block" class="block block-menu-block"> <div class="content"> <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-1 menu-name-menu-footer-menu-1 parent-mlid-0 menu-level-1"> <ul class="menu"><li class="first expanded active-trail menu-mlid-14800 col-mobile-12 col-narrow-3 col-normal-3 col-wide-3"><a href="/" class="active-trail" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Content</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-14801"><a href="/content/early/recent" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Latest content</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-14802"><a href="/content/current" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Current issue</a></li> <li class="leaf active-trail menu-mlid-14803"><a href="/content/by/year" class="active-trail" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Archive</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-14804"><a href="http://thorax.bmj.com/pages/browse-by-topic/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Browse by collection</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-14805"><a href="https://thorax.bmj.com/pages/VISUAL-ABSTRACTS" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Visual Abstracts</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-14806"><a href="http://thorax.bmj.com/pages/most-read-articles/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Most read articles</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-14807"><a href="http://thorax.bmj.com/pages/top-cited-articles/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Top cited articles</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-14808"><a href="http://thorax.bmj.com/eletters" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Responses</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-14809 col-mobile-12 col-narrow-3 col-normal-3 col-wide-3"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Journal</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-14810"><a href="http://thorax.bmj.com/pages/about/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">About</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-14811"><a href="http://thorax.bmj.com/pages/editorial-board/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Editorial board</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-14812"><a href="https://myaccount.bmj.com/myaccount/signup.html?regService=etoc-alerts&corpusCode=thoraxjnl&fwdUrl=https://thorax.bmj.com/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Sign up for email alerts</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-14813"><a href="http://journals.bmj.com/site/subscribe/?thorax" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Subscribe</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-14814"><a href="http://thorax.bmj.com/pages/thank-you-to-our-reviewers/" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Thank you to our reviewers</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-14815 col-mobile-12 col-narrow-3 col-normal-3 col-wide-3"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Authors</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-14816"><a href="http://thorax.bmj.com/pages/authors/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Instructions for authors</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-14817"><a href="http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/thorax" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Submit an article</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-14818"><a href="http://authors.bmj.com/policies/" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Editorial policies</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-14819"><a href="http://openaccess.bmj.com/" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Open Access at BMJ</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-14820"><a href="http://authors.bmj.com/" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">BMJ Author Hub</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="last expanded menu-mlid-14821 col-mobile-12 col-narrow-3 col-normal-3 col-wide-3"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Help</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-14822"><a href="http://thorax.bmj.com/pages/contact-us/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Contact us</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-14823"><a href="http://journals.bmj.com/cgi/reprintform" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Reprints</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-14824"><a href="http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/permissions" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Permissions</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-14825"><a href="http://www.bmj.com/company/contact-us/advertising-sponsorship/" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Advertising</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-14826"><a href="http://myaccount.bmj.com/myaccount/customerservice/salesforce-form.html" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Feedback form</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="row"> <nav class="col-mobile-12 col-narrow-3 col-normal-3 col-wide-3"> <div class="region region-footersocial"> <div id="block-panels-mini-social-icons" class="block block-panels-mini" class="block block-panels-mini"> <div class="content"> <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-social_icons"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-bmjj-social-icons" > <div class="pane-content"> <ul class="menu"><li class="leaf"><a href="http://thorax.bmj.com/pages/rss-feeds" class="link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon icon-rss"></span><span class="title element-invisible"> RSS</span></a></li><li class="leaf"><a href="http://twitter.com/ThoraxBMJ" class="link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon icon-twitter"></span><span class="title element-invisible"> Twitter</span></a></li><li class="leaf"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/Thorax.BMJ" class="link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon icon-facebook"></span><span class="title element-invisible"> Facebook</span></a></li><li class="leaf"><a href="http://blogs.bmj.com/thorax" class="link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon icon-blog"></span><span class="title element-invisible"> Blog</span></a></li><li class="leaf"><a href="https://thoraxbmj.podbean.com/" class="link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon icon-soundcloud"></span><span class="title element-invisible"> Soundcloud</span></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </section><!-- /.section-footer --> <section class="row footer-platform"> <div class="col-mobile-12 col-narrow-4 logoBMJ"> <a href="http://www.bmj.com/company"><svg class="logo-bmj-svg" aria-hidden="true"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#logo-bmj"></use><svg></svg></svg></a> </div> <div class="col-mobile-12 col-narrow-8 legal"> <div class="legal-inner"> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/">Website Terms & Conditions</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.bmj.com/company/your-privacy/">Privacy & Cookies</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.bmj.com/company/contact-us/">Contact BMJ</a></li> </ul> <!-- CookiePro Cookies Settings button start --> <button id="ot-sdk-btn" class="ot-sdk-show-settings">Cookie Settings</button> <!-- CookiePro Cookies Settings button end --> <p><small><span class="online-issn issn">Online ISSN: 1468-3296</span><span class="print-issn issn">Print ISSN: 0040-6376</span></small><br /> <small>Copyright 漏 2024 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd & British Thoracic Society. All rights reserved.</small></p> </div> </div> </section> <div class="region region-absolute-bottom"> <div class="region-inner region-absolute-bottom-inner"> <div class="region region-absolute-bottom"> <div id="block-panels-mini-bottom-ad" class="block block-panels-mini text-center" class="block block-panels-mini text-center"> <div class="content"> <div class="panel-display one-layout " id="mini-panel-bottom_ad"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-dfp-pane" > <div class="pane-content"> <div id="dfp-ad-bottom-wrapper" class="dfp-tag-wrapper"> <div id="dfp-ad-bottom" class="dfp-tag-wrapper"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("dfp-ad-bottom"); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- /.region-absolute-bottom --> </footer><!-- /.section-footer --> <script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__mGkmDFvYgiOaOtbNJUQrcNQ5Sq7o1P4cPS1TAV3ppUQ__X0DhG5pAZDBJ7eweXSlcFUrt8aQ5a9LxfNMtV1UEvXg__UK4XtEDKdMc0Gs7HNCE9o0vU2f7Fe9vzuvoxMxYgoFA.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__Jd5dsvNznZMdglFu8sSni1wCsUfzvQbApHPAZwt5TY4__65Mqa1DMRwcSvPxjJEn6BXgMm-ckF3oOvkUTG9HRADI__UK4XtEDKdMc0Gs7HNCE9o0vU2f7Fe9vzuvoxMxYgoFA.js" defer="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__fUCEaCKUODF5P2WmzGzo1laxaEQ82Nl6oADDw5nONTE__bGuvhZW_EmWlwuA1fnxwF8mvZ1E1v3qbDTqQdQd0TS0__UK4XtEDKdMc0Gs7HNCE9o0vU2f7Fe9vzuvoxMxYgoFA.js"></script> </body> </html>