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1.406z"></path> </svg></span></span> </button></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></header> <div id="inner-wrap" class="wrap kt-clear"> <div id="primary" class="content-area"> <div class="content-container site-container"> <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main"> <div class="content-wrap"> <article id="post-985" class="entry content-bg single-entry post-985 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-atmosphere category-climate-change category-outside-earth tag-feature mv-content-wrapper"> <div class="entry-content-wrap"> <header class="entry-header post-title title-align-center title-tablet-align-center title-mobile-align-inherit"> <div class="kadence-breadcrumbs yoast-bc-wrap"><span><span><a href="https://earthhow.com/">Home</a></span> 禄 <span><a href="https://earthhow.com/category/atmosphere/">Atmosphere</a></span> 禄 <span><a href="https://earthhow.com/category/atmosphere/outside-earth/">Outside Earth</a></span> 禄 <span class="breadcrumb_last" aria-current="page">Ozone Layer: Earth’s Protective Shield Has a Hole In It</span></span></div><h1 class="entry-title">Ozone Layer: Earth’s Protective Shield Has a Hole In It</h1><div class="entry-meta entry-meta-divider-customicon"> <div class="meta-comments"><span class="kadence-svg-iconset"><svg class="kadence-svg-icon kadence-comments-alt-svg" fill="currentColor" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="28" height="28" viewBox="0 0 28 28"><title>Comments</title><path d="M10 14c0 1.109-0.891 2-2 2s-2-0.891-2-2 0.891-2 2-2 2 0.891 2 2zM16 14c0 1.109-0.891 2-2 2s-2-0.891-2-2 0.891-2 2-2 2 0.891 2 2zM22 14c0 1.109-0.891 2-2 2s-2-0.891-2-2 0.891-2 2-2 2 0.891 2 2zM14 6c-6.5 0-12 3.656-12 8 0 2.328 1.563 4.547 4.266 6.078l1.359 0.781-0.422 1.5c-0.297 1.109-0.688 1.969-1.094 2.688 1.578-0.656 3.016-1.547 4.297-2.672l0.672-0.594 0.891 0.094c0.672 0.078 1.359 0.125 2.031 0.125 6.5 0 12-3.656 12-8s-5.5-8-12-8zM28 14c0 5.531-6.266 10-14 10-0.766 0-1.531-0.047-2.266-0.125-2.047 1.813-4.484 3.094-7.187 3.781-0.562 0.156-1.172 0.266-1.781 0.344h-0.078c-0.313 0-0.594-0.25-0.672-0.594v-0.016c-0.078-0.391 0.187-0.625 0.422-0.906 0.984-1.109 2.109-2.047 2.844-4.656-3.219-1.828-5.281-4.656-5.281-7.828 0-5.516 6.266-10 14-10v0c7.734 0 14 4.484 14 10z"></path> </svg></span><a class="meta-comments-link anchor-scroll" href="#comments">3 Comments</a></div></div></header> <div class="entry-content single-content"> <figure class="wp-block-image is-style-default"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="678" height="378" src="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Ozone-Layer-678x378.png" alt="Ozone Layer" class="wp-image-986"/></figure> <div class="wp-block-group" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-default"/> <blockquote class="wp-block-quote has-text-align-center is-style-large is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow"> <p>“The ozone layer is like sunscreen for the Earth. It鈥檚 essential to life on Earth because it protects us from harmful UV radiation from the sun.”</p> </blockquote> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-default"/> <div style="height:10px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div><p>What makes Earth unique is its ozone layer. Ozone is a <strong>colorless gas</strong> made up of three oxygen atoms.</p> <p>Most ozone resides in the stratosphere 6 to 50 kilometers in altitude. But most ozone is in the 6 to 10-kilometer range</p> <p>Ozone is important for humans to prevent skin cancer. And it’s also important for animal health for disease protection.</p></div></div><div class="wp-block-group" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">How was the ozone layer formed?</h3> <p>Here are the necessary steps for ozone to form in the atmosphere:</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li><strong>OXYGEN PRESENCE:</strong> The first necessary step for an ozone layer on Earth was oxygen in the atmosphere. It was the <a href="https://earthhow.com/great-oxygenation-event/">Great Oxygenation Event</a> that accomplished this.</li> <li><strong>SINGLE OXYGEN ATOMS:</strong> High in the atmosphere, some oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) molecules absorb energy from the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays. This splits ozone to form single oxygen atoms.</li> <li><strong>OZONE FORMATION:</strong> These atoms combine with molecular oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) to form ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) molecules. These ozone molecules are very effective at absorbing UV rays.</li> </ul></div></div><div class="wp-block-group" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">How is ozone distributed in the stratosphere?</h3> <div class="wp-block-image is-style-default"> <figure class="alignright"><img decoding="async" width="290" height="300" src="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Ozone-Layer-0-290x300.png" alt="Ozone Layer" class="wp-image-1544" srcset="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Ozone-Layer-0-290x300.png 290w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Ozone-Layer-0.png 407w" sizes="(max-width: 290px) 100vw, 290px"/></figure></div><p>The thickness of the ozone varies worldwide. It also <a href="https://earthhow.com/why-do-we-have-seasons/">changes at different seasons</a> and from atmospheric circulation.</p> <p>Ozone is <a href="https://earthhow.com/stratosphere/">concentrated in the stratosphere</a> from approximately 15 to 35 kilometers. Because UV rays are the catalyst for ozone, you would expect that most stratospheric ozone is at the equator. But ozone is generally thinner at the equator and thicker in higher latitudes.</p> <p>Indeed, most ozone is created at the equator due to higher UV radiation. But stratospheric circulation patterns push ozone polewards. The exception is for column ozone above <a href="https://earthhow.com/south-pole/">Antarctica and the Arctic</a>. These polar regions have experienced severe ozone depletion in the winter and spring which we call the “ozone hole”.</p></div></div><div class="wp-block-group" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Why is the ozone layer depleting?</h3> <div class="wp-block-image is-style-default"> <figure class="alignright"><img decoding="async" width="290" height="300" src="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Atmosphere-Layers-2-290x300.png" alt="Atmosphere Layers" class="wp-image-3750" srcset="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Atmosphere-Layers-2-290x300.png 290w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Atmosphere-Layers-2.png 407w" sizes="(max-width: 290px) 100vw, 290px"/></figure></div><p>In the 1980s, refrigerators, air conditioners, and aerosol cans used chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). But some are still products that use CFCs today except many have been phased out for environmental protection reasons. The main problem with CFCs is that:</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li><strong>ENTRY INTO ATMOSPHERE:</strong> CFCs escape into the atmosphere.</li> <li><strong>OZONE DEPLETION:</strong> Then, UV light breaks up CFC into chlorine. Chlorine is the catalyst that converts ozone into O<sub>2</sub> removing ozone from the atmosphere.</li> </ul> <p>Ozone depletion is common in Antarctica. It exists in the Arctic but it’s less prominent. This phenomenon occurs in the geographic poles because they have the most suitable conditions.</p> <p>The polar vortex isolates the Antarctica air in winter. The extremely cold weather allows for the formation of ice clouds. Chlorine molecules bind within the ice clouds. When conditions warm, they finally break down ozone to O<sub>2</sub>. This forms a hole in the ozone layer.</p></div></div><div class="wp-block-group" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">When did the ozone layer form in Earth’s history?</h3> <p>You need both oxygen and ultraviolet light to form an ozone layer.</p> <p>And since there are no other planets with oxygen in our <a href="https://earthhow.com/solar-system-facts/">solar system</a>, this makes an <strong>ozone layer unique to Earth</strong></p> <p>Before the existence of an ozone layer, life was restricted to shallow water. This is because water shields harmful radiation.</p> <p>When ozone started protecting Earth from deadly UV rays, <a href="https://earthhow.com/cambrian-explosion-life-diversification/">life could finally diversify</a> on land.</p></div></div><div class="wp-block-group" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Earth’s ozone layer</h3> <p>Earth’s ozone layer is a region of the stratosphere that contains a relatively high concentration of ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) molecules.</p> <p>It plays a critical role in absorbing and blocking the majority of harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, thereby protecting life on Earth from the harmful effects of excessive UV exposure.</p> <p>However, ozone depletion is one of the most pressing environmental issues of our time and is a major concern among scientists.</p> <p>Do you have any questions about Earth’s ozone layer? Please let us know by dropping a comment below.</p></div></div><div class="newsletter1"><span style="color:#FFFFFF">Subscribe to our newsletter:</span> <div class="tnp tnp-subscription-minimal"><form action="https://earthhow.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=tnp&na=s" method="post" style="text-align: center"><input type="hidden" name="nr" value="minimal"> <input type="hidden" name="nlang" value=""> <input class="tnp-email" type="email" required name="ne" value="" placeholder="Email"><input class="tnp-submit" type="submit" value="Subscribe" style=""> </form></div></div><div class="kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id18087_9ac6f0-08 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout"><div class="kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top"> <div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column18087_8adc6b-56 kvs-sm-false kb-section-dir-horizontal"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col"><div class="wp-block-kadence-posts kb-posts 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height="225" src="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Tornadoes-0-300x225.png" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="Tornadoes" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Tornadoes-0-300x225.png 300w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Tornadoes-0-675x507.png 675w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Tornadoes-0-425x319.png 425w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Tornadoes-0-550x413.png 550w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Tornadoes-0.png 678w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px"/></a></div></div></div><div class="kt-blocks-post-grid-item-inner"><header><h6 class="entry-title"><a href="https://earthhow.com/what-are-tornadoes/">What Are Tornadoes?</a></h6><div class="kt-blocks-post-top-meta"></div></header><div class="entry-content"></div><footer class="kt-blocks-post-footer"><div class="kt-blocks-post-footer-left"></div><div class="kt-blocks-post-footer-right"></div></footer></div></div></article></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></article> <div id="comments" class="comments-area"> <h2 class="comments-title">3 Comments</h2> <ol class="comment-list"> <li id="comment-16266" class="comment even thread-even depth-1"> <article id="div-comment-16266" class="comment-body"> <footer class="comment-meta"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <b class="fn">Elizabeth</b> <span class="says">says:</span></div><div class="comment-metadata"> <a href="https://earthhow.com/ozone-layer/#comment-16266"><time datetime="2022-09-04T23:16:01-06:00">September 4, 2022 at 11:16 pm</time></a></div></footer> <div class="comment-content"> <p>So does that mean chlorine bleach is a huge no-no? What do other chemicals act like this catalyst? What other things does O虏 transform to? Is there a way to transform it back before the chlorine ice cloud melts? Or a way to block the chlorine from escaping the ice cloud? Can ozone be replicated or can a bandaid, so to speak, be put in place of the holes?</p></div></article> </li> <li id="comment-1987" class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1"> <article id="div-comment-1987" class="comment-body"> <footer class="comment-meta"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <b class="fn">Ram Mohan.G.K</b> <span class="says">says:</span></div><div class="comment-metadata"> <a href="https://earthhow.com/ozone-layer/#comment-1987"><time datetime="2019-09-16T23:23:17-06:00">September 16, 2019 at 11:23 pm</time></a></div></footer> <div class="comment-content"> <p>Best article to students. Thank you.</p></div></article> </li> <li id="comment-1829" class="comment even thread-even depth-1"> <article id="div-comment-1829" class="comment-body"> <footer class="comment-meta"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <b class="fn">tr</b> <span class="says">says:</span></div><div class="comment-metadata"> <a href="https://earthhow.com/ozone-layer/#comment-1829"><time datetime="2019-08-03T17:20:34-06:00">August 3, 2019 at 5:20 pm</time></a></div></footer> <div class="comment-content"> <p>We are slowly killing the natural earth. I hope people relize this and think about what were doing.</p></div></article> </li> </ol> <div id="respond" class="comment-respond"> <h3 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title">Leave a Reply</h3><form action="https://earthhow.com/wp-comments-post.php" method="post" id="commentform" class="comment-form" novalidate><p class="comment-notes"><span id="email-notes">Your email address will not be published.</span> <span class="required-field-message">Required fields are marked <span class="required">*</span></span></p><p class="comment-form-comment comment-form-float-label"><textarea autocomplete="new-password" id="i477054932" name="i477054932" placeholder="Leave a comment..." cols="45" rows="8" maxlength="65525" aria-required="true" required="required"></textarea><textarea id="comment" aria-label="hp-comment" aria-hidden="true" name="comment" autocomplete="new-password" style="padding:0 !important;clip:rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px) !important;position:absolute !important;white-space:nowrap 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