CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>William Shaler - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"7d1df650-2347-48a8-bd24-2875cb7bedb2","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"William_Shaler","wgTitle":"William Shaler","wgCurRevisionId":1230372934,"wgRevisionId":1230372934,"wgArticleId":38087610,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 errors: periodical ignored","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","S-bef: 'before' parameter begins with the word 'new'","Template:Succession box: 'before' parameter begins with the word 'new'","1773 births","1833 deaths","Writers from Bridgeport, Connecticut","Writers from New York City","19th-century American diplomats","Ambassadors of the United States to Mexico","Ambassadors of the United States to Algeria", "Ambassadors of the United States to Cuba","American male writers"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"William_Shaler","wgRelevantArticleId":38087610,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true, "wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q8018317","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready", "jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/William_Shaler_%28ca._1773%E2%80%931833%29_Nyhs_1874_3.jpeg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1529"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/William_Shaler_%28ca._1773%E2%80%931833%29_Nyhs_1874_3.jpeg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1019"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="815"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="William Shaler - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shaler"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=William_Shaler&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shaler"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-William_Shaler rootpage-William_Shaler skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=William+Shaler" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=William+Shaler" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=William+Shaler" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=William+Shaler" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Life_and_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_and_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Life and career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_and_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Published_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Published_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Published works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Published_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">William Shaler</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 3 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-3" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">3 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shaler" title="William Shaler – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="William Shaler" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shaler" title="William Shaler – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="William Shaler" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1" title="وليام شالر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="وليام شالر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8018317#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/William_Shaler" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:William_Shaler" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/William_Shaler"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Shaler&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Shaler&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/William_Shaler"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Shaler&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Shaler&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/William_Shaler" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/William_Shaler" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Shaler&oldid=1230372934" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Shaler&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=William_Shaler&id=1230372934&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWilliam_Shaler"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWilliam_Shaler"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=William_Shaler&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Shaler&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:William_Shaler" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8018317" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American diplomat (1773–1833)</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Shaler_(ca._1773%E2%80%931833)_Nyhs_1874_3.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/William_Shaler_%28ca._1773%E2%80%931833%29_Nyhs_1874_3.jpeg/220px-William_Shaler_%28ca._1773%E2%80%931833%29_Nyhs_1874_3.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/William_Shaler_%28ca._1773%E2%80%931833%29_Nyhs_1874_3.jpeg/330px-William_Shaler_%28ca._1773%E2%80%931833%29_Nyhs_1874_3.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/William_Shaler_%28ca._1773%E2%80%931833%29_Nyhs_1874_3.jpeg/440px-William_Shaler_%28ca._1773%E2%80%931833%29_Nyhs_1874_3.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">William Shaler</div></figcaption></figure> <p><b>William Shaler</b> (1773 – March 29, 1833) was an American government official who served as a diplomat and confidential agent in several foreign locations, including <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Shaler&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>William Shaler was born in <a href="/wiki/Bridgeport,_Connecticut" title="Bridgeport, Connecticut">Bridgeport, Connecticut</a>, in 1773.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His mother, Sibbel Warner Shaler, died when he was eight years old, and his father Timothy, a veteran of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, died when William was 12. The trustee of Timothy Shaler's <a href="/wiki/Estate_(law)" title="Estate (law)">estate</a> either embezzled or mismanaged it, leaving William, two brothers and a sister to fend for themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-Heggoy1982_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heggoy1982-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Shaler Family was of English descent, with origins from <a href="/wiki/Warwickshire,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Warwickshire, England">Warwickshire, England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shaler was apprenticed to Phoenix, Ingraham & Nixen, a <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> mercantile firm, where he learned <a href="/wiki/Bookkeeping" title="Bookkeeping">bookkeeping</a> and other business skills. He then became a commercial agent for the firm, sailing to <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and back to oversee the acquisition and shipment of goods for sale in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. Shaler learned to speak <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, and commenced a period of dedicated self-study designed to make up for his lack of formal education.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shaler subsequently worked as a <a href="/wiki/Sea_captain" title="Sea captain">sea captain</a>, commanding trading vessels that sailed around the world. In 1803 he was Captain of the <i>Leila Bird</i> when his crew and he were forced to fight their way out of <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Bay" title="San Diego Bay">San Diego Bay</a> during an extended Pacific voyage because of a dispute with the local Spanish governor. This was one of the first visits to <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> by an American. Shaler's subsequent written description was widely circulated and led to increased American travel to and trade with California.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1810 Shaler, a friend of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Smith_(Cabinet_member)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Smith (Cabinet member)">Robert Smith</a>, was appointed by United States President <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a> as a confidential agent. He was supposed to go to Mexico and observe activities in <a href="/wiki/Veracruz_(city)" title="Veracruz (city)">Veracruz</a> during an effort by Mexicans to overthrow the Spanish government. Attempting to reach Mexico by way of Cuba, Shaler was accused of collaborating with opponents of the <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">Spanish</a> government in <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a> and was detained.<sup id="cite_ref-O'Brien2007_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Brien2007-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1811 he made his way to the <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Orleans" title="Territory of Orleans">Territory of Orleans</a>, where he made contact with <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Guti%C3%A9rrez_de_Lara" title="Bernardo Gutiérrez de Lara">Bernardo Gutiérrez de Lara</a>. Shaler advised Guttierez while he recruited an army to fight the Spanish in Mexico. Shaler traveled into <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Texas" title="Spanish Texas">Texas</a> with Guttierez during the 1812-13 <a href="/wiki/Guti%C3%A9rrez%E2%80%93Magee_Expedition" title="Gutiérrez–Magee Expedition">Gutiérrez–Magee Expedition</a> and was with him when he proclaimed Texas independent.<sup id="cite_ref-Chipman1992_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chipman1992-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During negotiations to end the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, which culminated in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Ghent" title="Treaty of Ghent">Treaty of Ghent</a>, Shaler was appointed Secretary to the U.S. peace delegation. His efforts were considered to be ineffective, largely because he formed friendships with <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Russell" title="Jonathan Russell">Jonathan Russell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a>, which made <a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a> distrustful.<sup id="cite_ref-Heggoy1982_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heggoy1982-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1815 to 1828 Shaler served as U.S. Consul in Algiers.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early in his assignment he took part with <a href="/wiki/William_Bainbridge" title="William Bainbridge">William Bainbridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Decatur" title="Stephen Decatur">Stephen Decatur</a> in a peace mission to end the <a href="/wiki/Second_Barbary_War" title="Second Barbary War">Second Barbary War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Long1988_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Long1988-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1825 Shaler was elected a member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a>. In 1828 he received an honorary <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">master's degree</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">College of New Jersey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shaler was appointed U.S. Consul in Havana in 1829, where he served until dying in a <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a> epidemic on March 29, 1833. According to published accounts, this epidemic resulted in more than 14,000 deaths. According to Shaler's friend and Vice-Consul, Richard J. Cleveland, so many people were dying so quickly that Cuban authorities abandoned the usual procedures for funerals and interments, opting for mass burials. Cleveland was able to intercede, claiming Shaler's remains and having them interred with an appropriate gravestone in the English Cemetery (also called Foreigners Cemetery or Protestant Cemetery) at La Chorrera, which was then a few miles east of Havana, but is now a neighborhood of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-Burton1838_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burton1838-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Leiner2006_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leiner2006-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jeffry)1886_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeffry)1886-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Triana2009_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Triana2009-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> William Shaler was never married and had no children.<sup id="cite_ref-Lowell2003_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lowell2003-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Published_works">Published works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Shaler&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Published works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cdYBAAAAMAAJ&q=%22william+shaler%22+Lelia+Byrd+journal"><i>Journal of a Voyage Between China and the North-Western Coast of America, Made in 1804</i></a>, 1808</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_RKEOAAAAQAAJ"><i>Communication on the Language, Manners, and Customs of the Berbers</i></a>, 1824</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sketchesalgiers00shalgoog"><i>Sketches of Algiers</i></a>, 1826</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Shaler&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Colonial Society of Massachusetts, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q-0QAAAAIAAJ&q=%22william+shaler%22+born+bridgeport+1773">The New England Quarterly</a>, Volume 9, 1936, page 72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heggoy1982-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Heggoy1982_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heggoy1982_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAlf_Andrew_Heggoy1982" class="citation book cs1">Alf Andrew Heggoy (1 January 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QkApFVTvaUUC&pg=PA7"><i>Through Foreign Eyes: Western Attitudes Toward North Africa</i></a>. University Press of America. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8191-2182-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8191-2182-0"><bdi>978-0-8191-2182-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Through+Foreign+Eyes%3A+Western+Attitudes+Toward+North+Africa&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America&rft.date=1982-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8191-2182-0&rft.au=Alf+Andrew+Heggoy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQkApFVTvaUUC%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shaler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamuel_Atkins_Eliot1913" class="citation book cs1">Samuel Atkins Eliot (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W3MWAAAAYAAJ&q=William%20Shaler%20"><i>Biographical History of Massachusetts: Biographies and Autobiographies of the Leading Men in the State, Volume 5</i></a>. Massachusetts Biographical Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+History+of+Massachusetts%3A+Biographies+and+Autobiographies+of+the+Leading+Men+in+the+State%2C+Volume+5&rft.pub=Massachusetts+Biographical+Society&rft.date=1913&rft.au=Samuel+Atkins+Eliot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW3MWAAAAYAAJ%26q%3DWilliam%2520Shaler%2520&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shaler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roy Franklin Nichols, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X5NKAAAAMAAJ&q=shaler+phoenix+ingraham">Advance Agents of American Destiny</a>, 1956, page 80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philip Scott Rush, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gkwUAQAAIAAJ&q=shaler+%22leila+bird%22+%22san+diego%22"><i>A History of the Californias</i></a>, 1964, page 51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Brien2007-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-O'Brien2007_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_F._O'Brien2007" class="citation book cs1">Thomas F. O'Brien (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tUcrFzXid34C&pg=PA26"><i>Making the Americas: The United States and Latin America from the Age of Revolutions to the Era of Globalization</i></a>. UNM Press. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8263-4200-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8263-4200-3"><bdi>978-0-8263-4200-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+the+Americas%3A+The+United+States+and+Latin+America+from+the+Age+of+Revolutions+to+the+Era+of+Globalization&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=UNM+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8263-4200-3&rft.au=Thomas+F.+O%27Brien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtUcrFzXid34C%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shaler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chipman1992-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chipman1992_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonald_E._Chipman1992" class="citation book cs1">Donald E. Chipman (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WuUAZTbvLo4C&pg=PA234"><i>Spanish Texas, 1519–1821</i></a>. University of Texas Press. p. 234. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-292-77659-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-292-77659-3"><bdi>978-0-292-77659-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spanish+Texas%2C+1519%E2%80%931821&rft.pages=234&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-292-77659-3&rft.au=Donald+E.+Chipman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWuUAZTbvLo4C%26pg%3DPA234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shaler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">American Foreign Service Association, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w3NWAAAAYAAJ&q=%22william+shaler%22+algiers+1815+1828">Foreign Service Journal</a>, Volume 42, 1965, page 70</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Long1988-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Long1988_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Foster_Long1988" class="citation book cs1">David Foster Long (January 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yv2sdjw4SIYC&pg=PA34"><i>Gold Braid and Foreign Relations: Diplomatic Activities of U.S. Naval Officers, 1798-1883</i></a>. Naval Institute Press. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87021-228-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87021-228-4"><bdi>978-0-87021-228-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gold+Braid+and+Foreign+Relations%3A+Diplomatic+Activities+of+U.S.+Naval+Officers%2C+1798-1883&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1988-01&rft.isbn=978-0-87021-228-4&rft.au=David+Foster+Long&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dyv2sdjw4SIYC%26pg%3DPA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shaler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamuel_L._Knapp1832" class="citation book cs1">Samuel L. Knapp (May 4, 1832). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IH9NAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA345"><i>Memoir of William Shaler</i></a>. G.P. Morris. p. 345.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memoir+of+William+Shaler&rft.pages=345&rft.pub=G.P.+Morris&rft.date=1832-05-04&rft.au=Samuel+L.+Knapp&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIH9NAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shaler" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burton1838-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Burton1838_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Evans_Burton1838" class="citation book cs1">William Evans Burton (1838). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_EjsTAAAAYAAJ"><i>Gentleman's Magazine</i></a>. Chas. Alexander. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_EjsTAAAAYAAJ/page/n216">205</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gentleman%27s+Magazine&rft.pages=205&rft.pub=Chas.+Alexander&rft.date=1838&rft.au=William+Evans+Burton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_EjsTAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shaler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leiner2006-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Leiner2006_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrederick_C._Leiner2006" class="citation book cs1">Frederick C. Leiner (1 May 2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/endofbarbaryterr00lein"><i>The End of Barbary Terror : America's 1815 War against the Pirates of North Africa: America's 1815 War against the Pirates of North Africa</i></a></span>. Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/endofbarbaryterr00lein/page/181">181</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-804095-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-804095-8"><bdi>978-0-19-804095-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+End+of+Barbary+Terror+%3A+America%27s+1815+War+against+the+Pirates+of+North+Africa%3A+America%27s+1815+War+against+the+Pirates+of+North+Africa&rft.pages=181&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006-05-01&rft.isbn=978-0-19-804095-8&rft.au=Frederick+C.+Leiner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fendofbarbaryterr00lein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shaler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">American Foreign Service Association, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yhpKAQAAIAAJ&q=%22william+shaler%22+consul+havana+died+1833+cholera">Foreign Service Journal</a>, Volume 6, 1929, page 168</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jeffry)1886-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jeffry)1886_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCleveland,_Richard_J._(Richard_Jeffry)1886" class="citation book cs1">Cleveland, Richard J. (Richard Jeffry) (1886). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/voyagesamerchan00clevgoog"><i>Voyages of a Merchant Navigator of the Days that are Past [1792-1836]</i></a>. Harper & brothers. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/voyagesamerchan00clevgoog/page/n253">236</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voyages+of+a+Merchant+Navigator+of+the+Days+that+are+Past+%26%2391%3B1792-1836%26%2393%3B&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=Harper+%26+brothers&rft.date=1886&rft.au=Cleveland%2C+Richard+J.+%28Richard+Jeffry%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvoyagesamerchan00clevgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shaler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Bb08AAAAIAAJ"><i>Niles' Weekly Register</i></a>. Hezekiah Niles. April 20, 1833. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Bb08AAAAIAAJ/page/n89">113</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Niles%27+Weekly+Register&rft.pages=113&rft.pub=Hezekiah+Niles&rft.date=1833-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_Bb08AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shaler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Triana2009-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Triana2009_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMauro_García_Triana2009" class="citation book cs1">Mauro García Triana (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vIBzYQ5r1zYC&pg=PA121"><i>The Chinese in Cuba, 1847-now</i></a>. Lexington Books. p. 121. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-3343-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-3343-9"><bdi>978-0-7391-3343-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chinese+in+Cuba%2C+1847-now&rft.pages=121&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7391-3343-9&rft.au=Mauro+Garc%C3%ADa+Triana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvIBzYQ5r1zYC%26pg%3DPA121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shaler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lowell2003-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lowell2003_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMary_Gardner_Lowell2003" class="citation book cs1">Mary Gardner Lowell (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NmESepXN0vYC&pg=PA182"><i>New Year in Cuba: Mary Gardner Lowell's Travel Diary, 1831-1832</i></a>. UPNE. p. 182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55553-558-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55553-558-2"><bdi>978-1-55553-558-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Year+in+Cuba%3A+Mary+Gardner+Lowell%27s+Travel+Diary%2C+1831-1832&rft.pages=182&rft.pub=UPNE&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-55553-558-2&rft.au=Mary+Gardner+Lowell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNmESepXN0vYC%26pg%3DPA182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Shaler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Diplomatic posts </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">New position</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> United States Agent in <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </b><br />1810–1812 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">John H. Robinson</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">New position</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Consul_(representative)#United_States_consuls_in_the_early_years" title="Consul (representative)">United States Consul</a> in <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a> </b><br />1815–1828 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_P._Hodgson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William P. Hodgson (page does not exist)">William P. Hodgson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_M._Rodney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas M. Rodney (page does not exist)">Thomas M. Rodney</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Consul_(representative)#United_States_consuls_in_the_early_years" title="Consul (representative)">United States Consul</a> in <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a> </b><br />1830–1833 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Trist" title="Nicholas Trist">Nicholas Trist</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_United_States_ambassadors_to_Mexico_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Ambassadors_to_Mexico" title="Template:US Ambassadors to Mexico"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Ambassadors_to_Mexico" title="Template talk:US Ambassadors to Mexico"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Ambassadors_to_Mexico" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Ambassadors to Mexico"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_United_States_ambassadors_to_Mexico_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Mexico" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to Mexico">United States ambassadors to Mexico</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minister</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shaler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_H._Robinson_(diplomat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John H. Robinson (diplomat) (page does not exist)">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wilkinson" title="James Wilkinson">Wilkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Roberts_Poinsett" title="Joel Roberts Poinsett">Poinsett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Butler_(diplomat)" title="Anthony Butler (diplomat)">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Slacum" title="William A. Slacum">Slacum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powhatan_Ellis" title="Powhatan Ellis">Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Greenhow" title="Robert Greenhow">Greenhow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powhatan_Ellis" title="Powhatan Ellis">Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_E._Lawrence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry E. Lawrence (page does not exist)">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waddy_Thompson_Jr." title="Waddy Thompson Jr.">W. Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Yale_Beach" title="Moses Yale Beach">Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilbert_L._Thompson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilbert L. Thompson (page does not exist)">G. Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Shannon" title="Wilson Shannon">Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Slidell" title="John Slidell">Slidell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Conner_(naval_officer)" title="David Conner (naval officer)">Conner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Clifford" title="Nathan Clifford">Clifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Letcher" title="Robert P. Letcher">Letcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Greenhow" title="Robert Greenhow">Greenhow</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_G._Goss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George G. Goss (page does not exist)">Goss</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_W._Slacum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George W. Slacum (page does not exist)">Slacum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Smith_(diplomat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Smith (diplomat) (page does not exist)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Conkling" title="Alfred Conkling">Conkling</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_E._Cooper_(diplomat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George E. Cooper (diplomat) (page does not exist)">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_L._Ward&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher L. Ward (page does not exist)">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Gadsden" title="James Gadsden">Gadsden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_S._Spofford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard S. Spofford (page does not exist)">Spofford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Forsyth_Jr." title="John Forsyth Jr.">Forsyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Montgomery_Churchwell" class="mw-redirect" title="William Montgomery Churchwell">Churchwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Mordecai" title="Alfred Mordecai">Mordecai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duff_Green" title="Duff Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_R._Porter" title="David R. Porter">Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Milligan_McLane" title="Robert Milligan McLane">McLane</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Roy_de_la_Reintrie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Roy de la Reintrie (page does not exist)">De la Reintrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Weller" title="John B. Weller">Weller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Corwin" title="Thomas Corwin">Corwin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_W._Shufelt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert W. Shufelt (page does not exist)">Shufelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_D._Campbell" title="Lewis D. Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Otterbourg" title="Marcus Otterbourg">Otterbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rosecrans" title="William Rosecrans">Rosecrans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Nelson" title="Thomas H. Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Foster" title="John W. Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_H._Morgan" title="Philip H. Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_R._Jackson" title="Henry R. Jackson">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Courtland_Manning" title="Thomas Courtland Manning">Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_S._Bragg" title="Edward S. Bragg">Bragg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ryan_(Kansas_politician)" title="Thomas Ryan (Kansas politician)">Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_P._Gray" title="Isaac P. Gray">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_W._Ransom" title="Matt W. Ransom">Ransom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powell_Clayton" title="Powell Clayton">Clayton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ambassador</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Powell_Clayton" title="Powell Clayton">Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_H._Conger" title="Edwin H. Conger">Conger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_E._Thompson" title="David E. Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Lane_Wilson" title="Henry Lane Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_P._Fletcher" title="Henry P. Fletcher">Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_B._Warren" title="Charles B. Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Sheffield" title="James R. Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_Morrow" title="Dwight Morrow">Morrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Reuben_Clark" title="J. Reuben Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephus_Daniels" title="Josephus Daniels">Daniels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Messersmith" title="George S. Messersmith">Messersmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_C._Thurston" title="Walter C. Thurston">Thurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O%27Dwyer" title="William O'Dwyer">O'Dwyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_White_(diplomat)" title="Francis White (diplomat)">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Hill" title="Robert C. Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._Mann" title="Thomas C. Mann">Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_Freeman" title="Fulton Freeman">Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._McBride" title="Robert H. McBride">McBride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_J._Jova" title="Joseph J. Jova">Jova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Lucey" title="Patrick Lucey">Lucey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Nava" title="Julian Nava">Nava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gavin" title="John Gavin">Gavin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Pilliod_Jr." title="Charles J. Pilliod Jr.">Pilliod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Negroponte" title="John Negroponte">Negroponte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Jones" title="James R. Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Davidow" title="Jeffrey Davidow">Davidow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Garza" title="Tony Garza">Garza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Pascual_(diplomat)" title="Carlos Pascual (diplomat)">Pascual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Anthony_Wayne" title="Earl Anthony Wayne">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberta_S._Jacobson" title="Roberta S. Jacobson">Jacobson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Landau" title="Christopher Landau">Landau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Salazar" title="Ken Salazar">Salazar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8018317#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8018317#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8018317#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000081452033">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/65292670">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/46657/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJv8DFbYkcQ68rWhbGQQbd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/139483217">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79139657">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13749393f">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13749393f">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p160019419">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007267962205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/058413049">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10582674">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6np2x84">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Shaler&oldid=1230372934">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Shaler&oldid=1230372934</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1773_births" title="Category:1773 births">1773 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1833_deaths" title="Category:1833 deaths">1833 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Writers_from_Bridgeport,_Connecticut" title="Category:Writers from Bridgeport, Connecticut">Writers from Bridgeport, Connecticut</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Writers_from_New_York_City" title="Category:Writers from New York City">Writers from New York City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th-century_American_diplomats" title="Category:19th-century American diplomats">19th-century American diplomats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Mexico" title="Category:Ambassadors of the United States to Mexico">Ambassadors of the United States to Mexico</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Algeria" title="Category:Ambassadors of the United States to Algeria">Ambassadors of the United States to Algeria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Cuba" title="Category:Ambassadors of the United States to Cuba">Ambassadors of the United States to Cuba</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_male_writers" title="Category:American male writers">American male writers</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_periodical_ignored" title="Category:CS1 errors: periodical ignored">CS1 errors: periodical ignored</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:S-bef:_%27before%27_parameter_begins_with_the_word_%27new%27" title="Category:S-bef: 'before' parameter begins with the word 'new'">S-bef: 'before' parameter begins with the word 'new'</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Template:Succession_box:_%27before%27_parameter_begins_with_the_word_%27new%27" title="Category:Template:Succession box: 'before' parameter begins with the word 'new'">Template:Succession box: 'before' parameter begins with the word 'new'</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 June 2024, at 10:06<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Shaler&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-25bc7","wgBackendResponseTime":171,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.410","walltime":"0.534","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3702,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":47745,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4107,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":58726,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 469.038 1 -total"," 31.84% 149.361 1 Template:Reflist"," 24.56% 115.195 12 Template:Cite_book"," 23.02% 107.979 1 Template:US_Ambassadors_to_Mexico"," 22.11% 103.683 1 Template:Navbox"," 18.16% 85.200 3 Template:Succession_box"," 13.86% 65.029 1 Template:Short_description"," 13.20% 61.898 15 Template:Main_other"," 9.29% 43.591 1 Template:Authority_control"," 8.38% 39.288 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.244","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5208732,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-6c8dfcb594-4wrh4","timestamp":"20241126224152","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"William Shaler","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Shaler","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q8018317","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q8018317","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2013-01-01T20:13:15Z","dateModified":"2024-06-22T10:06:22Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/0b\/William_Shaler_%28ca._1773%E2%80%931833%29_Nyhs_1874_3.jpeg","headline":"American merchant, diplomat, and writer"}</script> </body> </html>