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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Апошнія зьмены</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96"><span>Новыя старонкі</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Месца, каб пра ўсё даведацца"><span>Дапамога</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Вікіпэдыя" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-be_x_old.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.3125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="вольная энцыкляпэдыя" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-be_x_old.svg" width="120" height="12" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%83%D0%BA" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Шукаць у Вікіпэдыі [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Пошук</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Пошук у Вікіпэдыі" aria-label="Пошук у Вікіпэдыі" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Шукаць у Вікіпэдыі [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Спэцыяльныя:Пошук"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Пошук</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Асабістыя прылады"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Выгляд"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Выгляд" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Выгляд</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_be-x-old.wikipedia.org&uselang=be-tarask" class=""><span>Ахвяраваньні</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8C_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA&returnto=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мы прапануем вам стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсьці, але гэта не абавязкова" class=""><span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%83_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%83&returnto=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Вас запрашаюць увайсьці, хаця гэта і неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Увайсьці</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Болей парамэтраў" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Асабістыя прылады" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Асабістыя прылады</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Карыстацкае мэню" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_be-x-old.wikipedia.org&uselang=be-tarask"><span>Ахвяраваньні</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8C_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA&returnto=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мы прапануем вам стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсьці, але гэта не абавязкова"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%83_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%83&returnto=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Вас запрашаюць увайсьці, хаця гэта і неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Увайсьці</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Старонкі для неаўтарызаваных рэдактараў <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0:%D0%A3%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" aria-label="Даведайцеся пра рэдагаваньне болей"><span>даведацца болей</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%91%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Сьпіс рэдагаваньняў, зробленых з гэтага IP-адрасу [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Унёсак</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Старонка гутарак пра рэдагаваньні, зробленыя з гэтага IP-адрасу [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Гутаркі</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Зьмест" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Зьмест</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">перанесьці ў бакавую панэль</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Пачатак</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Характарыстыка" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Характарыстыка"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Характарыстыка</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Характарыстыка-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Пераключыць падразьдзел Характарыстыка</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Характарыстыка-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Кампанэнты" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Кампанэнты"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Кампанэнты</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Кампанэнты-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Гісторыя" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Гісторыя"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Гісторыя</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Гісторыя-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Пераключыць падразьдзел Гісторыя</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Гісторыя-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Антычнасьць" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Антычнасьць"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Антычнасьць</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Антычнасьць-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Новы_і_найноўшы_час" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Новы_і_найноўшы_час"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Новы і найноўшы час</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Новы_і_найноўшы_час-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Крыніцы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Крыніцы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Крыніцы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Крыніцы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Літаратура" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Літаратура"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Літаратура</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Літаратура-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Пераключыць падразьдзел Літаратура</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Літаратура-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-На_беларускай_мове" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#На_беларускай_мове"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>На беларускай мове</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-На_беларускай_мове-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Іншамоўная" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Іншамоўная"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Іншамоўная</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Іншамоўная-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Зьмест" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Схаваць/паказаць зьмест" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Схаваць/паказаць зьмест</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Эпісталярная літаратура</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Перайсьці да артыкула на іншай мове. Выбраць з: 9 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 моваў</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Эпісталярная літаратура — беларуская" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эпісталярная літаратура" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларуская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="добры артыкул"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistolograf%C3%ADa" title="Epistolografía — гішпанская" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Epistolografía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="гішпанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89pistolographie" title="Épistolographie — француская" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Épistolographie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B1%D6%87_%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Նամակաձև գրականություն — армянская" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նամակաձև գրականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistolografie" title="Epistolografie — нідэрляндзкая" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Epistolografie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нідэрляндзкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistolografia" title="Epistolografia — польская" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Epistolografia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistolografia" title="Epistolografia — партугальская" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Epistolografia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="партугальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Эпистолярная литература — расейская" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эпистолярная литература" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="расейская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Епістолографія — украінская" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Епістолографія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3491641#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Рэдагаваць міжмоўныя спасылкі" class="wbc-editpage">Правіць спасылкі</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Прасторы назваў"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Паказаць зьмест старонкі [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Артыкул</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5:%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" rel="discussion" title="Абмеркаваньне зьместу старонкі [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Абмеркаваньне</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Зьмяніць варыянт мовы" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Рэжымы"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0"><span>Чытаць</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&veaction=edit" title="Рэдагаваць гэтую старонку [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Рэдагаваць</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit" title="Рэдагаваць крынічны тэкст гэтай старонкі [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=history" title="Мінулыя вэрсіі гэтай старонкі. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Паказаць гісторыю</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Інструмэнты" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Інструмэнты</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Інструмэнты</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">перанесьці ў бакавую панэль</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Болей вопцыяў" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Дзеяньні </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0"><span>Чытаць</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&veaction=edit" title="Рэдагаваць гэтую старонку [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Рэдагаваць</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit" title="Рэдагаваць крынічны тэкст гэтай старонкі [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=history"><span>Паказаць гісторыю</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Агульныя </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83/%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Сьпіс усіх старонак, якія спасылаюцца на гэтую [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Спасылкі на старонку</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:RecentChangesLinked/%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" rel="nofollow" title="Апошнія зьмены ў старонках, на якія спасылаецца гэтая старонка [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Зьвязаныя рэдагаваньні</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Сьпіс усіх спэцыяльных старонак [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Спэцыяльныя старонкі</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&oldid=2577093" title="Сталая спасылка на гэтую вэрсію старонкі"><span>Сталая спасылка</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=info" title="Болей інфармацыі пра гэтую старонку"><span>Зьвесткі пра старонку</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:CiteThisPage&page=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&id=2577093&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Інфармацыя пра тое, як цытатаваць гэтую старонку"><span>Цытаваць старонку</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbe-tarask.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25AD%25D0%25BF%25D1%2596%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%258F%25D1%2580%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0"><span>Атрымаць скарочаны URL-адрас</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbe-tarask.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25AD%25D0%25BF%25D1%2596%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%258F%25D1%2580%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0"><span>Спампаваць QR-код</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet 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aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Выгляд"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Выгляд</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">перанесьці ў бакавую панэль</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Зьвесткі зь Вікіпэдыі — вольнай энцыкляпэдыі</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Перанакіравана з «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Эпісталяграфія">Эпісталяграфія</a>»)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="be-tarask" dir="ltr"><p><b>Эпісталя́рная літарату́ра</b> (ад <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Грэцкая мова">грэц</a>. <i><span lang="el">επιστολή</span></i> — «пасланьне», «<a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82" title="Ліст">ліст</a>»), таксама <b>эпісталягра́фія</b> — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ліставаньне (старонка не існуе)">ліставаньне</a> прыватных ці афіцыйных асобаў, задуманае напачатку альбо пазьней асэнсаванае як <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мастацкая літаратура">мастацкая</a> ці <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Публіцыстыка">публіцыстычная проза</a>. </p><p>Таксама <b>эпісталярная літаратура</b> — мастацка-публіцыстычны твор у форме пасланьняў, лістоў. Адзін з найбольш яскравых узораў гэтага тыпу эпісталярнай літаратуры ў беларускай старажытнай літаратуры — «<a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Ліст да Абуховіча">Ліст да Абуховіча</a>» (1665). Вялікай публіцыстычнай сілай вызначаюцца «<a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B7-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Лісты з-пад шыбеніцы">Лісты з-пад шыбеніцы</a>» (1864) <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Кастусь Каліноўскі">Кастуся Каліноўскага</a>. </p><p>У эпісталярнай літаратуры закранаюцца найбольш важныя моманты ў жыцьці індывіда — супрацоўніцтва, клопаты, інфармацыя пра блізкіх<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Характарыстыка"><span id=".D0.A5.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BA.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8B.D1.81.D1.82.D1.8B.D0.BA.D0.B0"></span>Характарыстыка</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Характарыстыка»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Характарыстыка"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Эпісталярная літаратура разьвілася з бытавой перапіскі, калі форма лістоў ператварылася ў прыём мастацкага апавяданьня, карэспандэнты — у пэрсанажаў, а зьмест падпарадкаваўся асноўным законам мастацкай умоўнасьці. </p><p>Яна, згубіўшы двухбаковы характар, ператвараецца ў цыкль лістоў да сапраўднага альбо ўмоўнага адрасата й дапамагае больш дакладна выявіць ідэйна-палітычныя, эстэтычныя погляды дзеячаў літаратуры і мастацтва, якія вялі перапіску, гісторыю стварэньня <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Літаратура">літаратурнага твора</a>, вызначыць сувязі паміж майстрамі культуры і г. д. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Кампанэнты"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.BF.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.8D.D0.BD.D1.82.D1.8B"></span>Кампанэнты</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Кампанэнты»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Кампанэнты"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ліст як сродак завочных зносінаў людзей у розных сфэрах жыцьця занадта разнастайны паводле зьместу, што з часам прывяло да своеасаблівай практыкі складаньня цэлых «пісьмоўнікаў», якія падавалі ўзоры лістоў ледзь ня на ўсе выпадкі жыцьця. На працягу стагодзьдзяў сфармавалася кананічная структура ліста, якая ў клясычным варыянце прадугледжвала: </p> <ul><li>прывітаньне (яно ўключала й зварот як першаэлемэнт гэтага структурнага кампанэнта);</li> <li>дамаганьне прыхільнасьці;</li> <li>апавяданьне;</li> <li>просьба;</li> <li>заканчэньне-разьвітаньне.</li></ul> <p>Кожны ліст павінен быў утрымліваць хоць бы два з названых кампанэнтаў, уключаючы й абавязковыя сэнсавыя формулы: </p> <ul><li>замест пацьверджаньня атрыманьня ліста — праява радасьці з нагоды атрыманьня, што прывязвала гэты ліст да папярэдняй карэспандэнцыі;</li> <li>пытаньне пра здароўе й стан справаў;</li> <li>перад заканчэньнем ліста сьцьвярджэньне, што «больш няма пра што пісаць» і г. д.</li></ul> <p>З часам зьявілася спэцыяльнае абазначэньне Р. S. (<i><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Постскрыптум">post scrіptum</a></i>, з <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Лацінская мова">лац</a>. <i><span lang="la"></span></i>— «пасьля напісанага»), што азначала неабходнасьць істотнай дапіскі разьвітальнай формулы. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Гісторыя"><span id=".D0.93.D1.96.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.8B.D1.8F"></span>Гісторыя</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Гісторыя»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&section=3" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Гісторыя"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Антычнасьць"><span id=".D0.90.D0.BD.D1.82.D1.8B.D1.87.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.8C.D1.86.D1.8C"></span>Антычнасьць</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Антычнасьць»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&section=4" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Антычнасьць"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Эпісталяграфія бярэ свой пачатак з антычнасьці. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Грэцкая літаратура (старонка не існуе)">Грэцкая</a> і асабліва <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Лацінская літаратура (старонка не існуе)">рымская</a> літаратуры ўтрымліваюць ўзоры раньняй эпісталярнай літаратуры — лісты <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA_%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8E%D1%81_%D0%A6%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Марк Туліюс Цыцэрон">Марка Туліюса Цыцэрона</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8E%D1%81" title="Гарацыюс">Гарацыюса</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сэнэка (старонка не існуе)">Сэнэкі</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%88%D1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пліній Малодшы (старонка не існуе)">Плінія Малодшага</a> й іншых. </p><p>Ужо старажытныя <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Рыторыка">рыторыкі</a> ўводзілі правілы перапіскі і ўзоры лістоў, навучалі мастацтву складаньня лістоў, падкрэсьліваючы адрозьненьні эпісталярнай і <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мастацкая літаратура">літаратурна-мастацкай творчасьці</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Новы_і_найноўшы_час"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.BE.D0.B2.D1.8B_.D1.96_.D0.BD.D0.B0.D0.B9.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.9E.D1.88.D1.8B_.D1.87.D0.B0.D1.81"></span>Новы і найноўшы час</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Новы і найноўшы час»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&section=5" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Новы і найноўшы час"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>У канцы XIX стагодзьдзя гэтую форму выкарыстоўвалі невядомыя аўтары, якія пісалі пад псэўданімамі Даніла Баравік («<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пісьмы пра Беларусь (старонка не існуе)">Пісьмы пра Беларусь</a>»), Шчыры Беларус («<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%9E-%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пасланьне да землякоў-беларусаў (старонка не існуе)">Пасланьне да землякоў-беларусаў</a>»). Ананімна надрукавана пасланьне «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Да беларускай моладзі (старонка не існуе)">Да беларускай моладзі</a>». Эпісталярным жанрам карысталіся <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%91%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Цётка">Цётка</a> (апавяданьне «Навагодні ліст»), <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Максім Гарэцкі">Максім Гарэцкі</a> (апавяданьне ў лістах «У чым яго крыўда?»), элемэнты эпісталярнай літаратуры ёсьць у яго аповесьці «Мэлянхолія», рамане «Камароўская хроніка», у творах <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B1_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Якуб Колас">Якуба Коласа</a> «На прасторах жыцьця»), <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C_%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Міхась Зарэцкі">Міхася Зарэцкага</a> (зборнік апавяданьняў «42 дакумэнты і Двое Жвіроўскіх»). У беларускай літаратуры канца XX стагодзьдзя да эпісталярнага жанру зьвярталіся <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87" title="Леанід Левановіч">Леанід Левановіч</a> (аповесьць «Якар надзеі»), П.Кавалёў (кніга аповесьцяў і апавяданьняў «Пакінь нас, трывога»); яго элемэнты сустракаюцца ў творах <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87" title="Уладзімер Караткевіч">Уладзімера Караткевіча</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%91%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Васіль Быкаў">Васіля Быкава</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Іван Шамякін">Івана Шамякіна</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%9E%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%AF%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%88%D1%87%D1%8B%D1%86" title="Яўгенія Янішчыц">Яўгеніі Янішчыц</a>; жанр выкарыстоўваюць <a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%92%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%87" title="Юрка Віцьбіч">Юрка Віцьбіч</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87" title="Антон Адамовіч">Антон Адамовіч</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Янка Запруднік">Янка Запруднік</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Кастусь Акула">Кастусь Акула</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87" title="Віктар Чабатарэвіч">Віктар Чабатарэвіч</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Уладзімер Клішэвіч (старонка не існуе)">Уладзімер Клішэвіч</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Натальля Арсеньнева">Натальля Арсеньнева</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Крыніцы"><span id=".D0.9A.D1.80.D1.8B.D0.BD.D1.96.D1.86.D1.8B"></span>Крыніцы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Крыніцы»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&section=6" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Крыніцы"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="font-size:85%; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style: normal;"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.svaboda.org/a/27232501.html">Запруднік: Амэрыка дапамагае Беларусі вытрымаць маскоўскую культурную агрэсію</a>. «<a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%91_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Радыё Свабода">Радыё Свабода</a>» (8 верасьня 2015). <small><span title="Дата апошняй праверкі URL">Праверана  24 кастрычніка 2024 г.</span></small></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style: normal;"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.svaboda.org/a/24652424.html">Вольга Бабкова — пра Эпісталярыюм беларускай літаратуры</a>. «<a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%91_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Радыё Свабода">Радыё Свабода</a>» (21 ліпеня 2012). <small><span title="Дата апошняй праверкі URL">Праверана  24 кастрычніка 2024 г.</span></small></cite></span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Літаратура"><span id=".D0.9B.D1.96.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Літаратура</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Літаратура»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&section=7" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Літаратура"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="На_беларускай_мове"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.B0_.D0.B1.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.83.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B0.D0.B9_.D0.BC.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B5"></span>На беларускай мове</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «На беларускай мове»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&section=8" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: На беларускай мове"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFБелЭн2004"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Беларуская энцыкляпэдыя">Беларуская энцыклапедыя: У 18 т.</a> / Рэдкал.: Г. П. Пашкоў і інш. — <span style="border-bottom:1px dotted gray; cursor:default;" title="Менск">Мн.</span>: <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8F_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Беларуская энцыкляпэдыя імя Петруся Броўкі">БелЭн</a>, 2004. — Т. 18. Кн. 1: Дадатак: Шчытнікі — Яя. — 472 с. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:BookSources/985-11-0295-4" title="Спэцыяльныя:BookSources/985-11-0295-4">ISBN <span class="nowrap">985-11-0295-4</span></a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Іншамоўная"><span id=".D0.86.D0.BD.D1.88.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.BE.D1.9E.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.8F"></span>Іншамоўная</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Рэдагаваць сэкцыю «Іншамоўная»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>рэдагаваць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&section=9" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Іншамоўная"><span>рэдагаваць крыніцу</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation">Літературознавчий словник-довідник<span style="user-select:none"> <small class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="ўкраінскай мовай">(укр.)</small></span> / за редакцією Р. Т. Гром’яка, Ю. І. Коваліва, В. І. Теремка. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%B5%D1%9E" title="Кіеў">Кіеў</a>: ВЦ «Академія», 2007.</span></li> <li><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://slovopedia.org.ua/29/53397/10980.html">Епістолографія</a> // Універсальний словник-енциклопедія<span style="user-select:none"> <small class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="ўкраінскай мовай">(укр.)</small></span>. — 4-те вид. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%B5%D1%9E" title="Кіеў">Кіеў</a>: Теза, 2006.</span></li> <li><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/literaturoznavchat1/page/n341/mode/1up?view=theater">Епістолографія</a> // Літературознавча енциклопедія: у 2 т.<span style="user-select:none"> <small class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="ўкраінскай мовай">(укр.)</small></span> / авт.-уклад. 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Ковалів.. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%B5%D1%9E" title="Кіеў">Київ</a>: ВЦ «Академія», 2007. — Т. 1: А — Л. — С. 341.</span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Атрымана з «<a dir="ltr" href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Эпісталярная_літаратура&oldid=2577093">https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Эпісталярная_літаратура&oldid=2577093</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Спэцыяльныя:Катэгорыі">Катэгорыі</a>: <ul><li><a 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