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<span>Navigation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Navigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancestral_Rio_Grande" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestral_Rio_Grande"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Ancestral Rio Grande</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestral_Rio_Grande-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prior_to_European_contact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prior_to_European_contact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Prior to European contact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prior_to_European_contact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish_exploration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_exploration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Spanish exploration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_exploration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Since_1830" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Since_1830"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Since 1830</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Since_1830-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rio_Grande_Water_Rights_(1900–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rio_Grande_Water_Rights_(1900–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Rio Grande Water Rights (1900–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rio_Grande_Water_Rights_(1900–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uncertain_future" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uncertain_future"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Uncertain future</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uncertain_future-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-River_modifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#River_modifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>River modifications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-River_modifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crossings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crossings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Crossings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crossings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Names_and_pronunciation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Names_and_pronunciation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Names and pronunciation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Names_and_pronunciation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tributaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tributaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Tributaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tributaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rio Grande</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 86 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">86 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rio Grande" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="ريو غراندي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ريو غراندي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%AB%D6%85_%D4%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A7" title="Ռիօ Կրանտէ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ռիօ Կրանտէ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADu_Bravo" title="Ríu Bravo – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ríu Bravo" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88_%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87_%DA%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="ریو قرانده چایی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ریو قرانده چایی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87" title="রিও গ্রান্দে – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রিও গ্রান্দে" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_H%C3%B4" title="Rio Grande Hô – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Rio Grande Hô" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BE-%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5_(%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D2%A1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D2%A1%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%B0)" title="Рио-Гранде (Мексика ҡултығына ҡойоусы йылға) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Рио-Гранде (Мексика ҡултығына ҡойоусы йылға)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%B0-%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D" title="Рыа-Грандэ – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рыа-Грандэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87" title="रियो ग्रांडे – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रियो ग्रांडे" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Рио Гранде – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рио Гранде" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rio Grande" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_(Norzhamerika)" title="Rio Grande (Norzhamerika) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rio Grande (Norzhamerika)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Bravo" title="Río Bravo – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Río Bravo" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BE-%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5_(%D1%8E%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%B2,_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D3%B3%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BA%C4%95)" title="Рио-Гранде (юханшыв, Мексика кӳлмекĕ) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Рио-Гранде (юханшыв, Мексика кӳлмекĕ)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_(suba_sa_Mehiko)" title="Rio Grande (suba sa Mehiko) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rio Grande (suba sa Mehiko)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rio Grande" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Rio Grande" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rio Grande" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rio Grande" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rio Grande" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_(P%C3%B5hja-Ameerika)" title="Rio Grande (Põhja-Ameerika) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rio Grande (Põhja-Ameerika)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%93%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5" title="Ρίο Γκράντε – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρίο Γκράντε" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Bravo" title="Río Bravo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Río Bravo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_del_Norte" title="Rio Grande del Norte – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rio Grande del Norte" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Rio Grande" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87" title="ریو گرانده – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریو گرانده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Grande_(fleuve)" title="Río Grande (fleuve) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Río Grande (fleuve)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Rio Grande" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Bravo" title="Río Bravo – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Río Bravo" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Bravo,_Am%C3%A9rica_do_Norte" title="Río Bravo, América do Norte – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Río Bravo, América do Norte" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%A4%EA%B7%B8%EB%9E%80%EB%8D%B0%EA%B0%95" title="리오그란데강 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리오그란데강" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%AB%D5%B8_%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A5_(%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%BF)" title="Ռիո Գրանդե (գետ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռիո Գրանդե (գետ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87" title="रियो ग्रांडे – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रियो ग्रांडे" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rio Grande" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai_Rio_Grande" title="Sungai Rio Grande – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sungai Rio Grande" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rio Grande" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_(fiume_Stati_Uniti_d%27America)" title="Rio Grande (fiume Stati Uniti d'America) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rio Grande (fiume Stati Uniti d'America)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%94" title="ריו גראנדה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריו גראנדה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D-%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%94" title="რიო-გრანდე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რიო-გრანდე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BE-%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5_(%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%88%D1%8B%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B)" title="Рио-Гранде (өзен, Мексика шығанағы) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Рио-Гранде (өзен, Мексика шығанағы)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mto_Grande" title="Mto Grande – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mto Grande" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Rio Grande" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BE-%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Рио-Гранде – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Рио-Гранде" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flumen_Palmarum" title="Flumen Palmarum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Flumen Palmarum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riogrande" title="Riogrande – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Riogrande" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grand%C4%97_(up%C4%97)" title="Rio Grandė (upė) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rio Grandė (upė)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riu_Grand" title="Riu Grand – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Riu Grand" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rio Grande" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Рио Гранде – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рио Гранде" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%86" title="റിയോ ഗ്രാൻഡെ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റിയോ ഗ്രാൻഡെ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87" title="रियो ग्रांदे – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रियो ग्रांदे" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D-%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%94" title="რიო-გრანდე – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რიო-გრანდე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89" title="نهر ريو جراندى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نهر ريو جراندى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87" title="ریوگرانده – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ریوگرانده" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_(R%C3%ADo_Bravo)" title="Rio Grande (Río Bravo) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rio Grande (Río Bravo)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E5%B7%9D" title="リオ・グランデ川 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リオ・グランデ川" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rio Grande" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Rio Grande" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_(daryo)" title="Rio Grande (daryo) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rio Grande (daryo)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%DB%92" title="دریائے ریو گرانڈے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دریائے ریو گرانڈے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%99%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%81" title="ទន្លេរីយ៉ូហ្គ្រែនដេ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទន្លេរីយ៉ូហ្គ្រែនដេ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_(fium)" title="Rio Grande (fium) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Rio Grande (fium)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_(rzeka_w_Ameryce_P%C3%B3%C5%82nocnej)" title="Rio Grande (rzeka w Ameryce Północnej) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rio Grande (rzeka w Ameryce Północnej)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_(Am%C3%A9rica_do_Norte)" title="Rio Grande (América do Norte) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rio Grande (América do Norte)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rio Grande" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BE-%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0,_%D0%B2%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2)" title="Рио-Гранде (река, впадает в Мексиканский залив) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рио-Гранде (река, впадает в Мексиканский залив)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Rio Grande" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumi_Rio_Grande" title="Lumi Rio Grande – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lumi Rio Grande" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rio Grande" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rio Grande" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rio Grande" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Рио Гранде – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рио Гранде" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rio Grande" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rio Grande" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rio Grande" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%87" title="ரியோ கிராண்டே – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரியோ கிராண்டே" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="รีโอแกรนด์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รีโอแกรนด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rio Grande" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%96%D0%BE-%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Ріо-Гранде – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ріо-Гранде" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%DB%92" title="ریو گرانڈے – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ریو گرانڈے" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rio Grande" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rio Grande" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7%E6%B2%B3" title="格兰德河 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="格兰德河" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Rio_Grande&params=25_57_22_N_97_8_43_W_type:river"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">25°57′22″N</span> <span class="longitude">97°8′43″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">25.95611°N 97.14528°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">25.95611; -97.14528</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Major river forming part of the United States and Mexico border</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Río Bravo" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Rio Grande (disambiguation)">Rio Grande (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Bravo_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Río Bravo (disambiguation)">Río Bravo (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Rio Grande del Norte" redirects here. For the Brazilian state, see <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Norte" title="Rio Grande do Norte">Rio Grande do Norte</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Grande_River_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Grande River (disambiguation)">Grande River (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Rio Grande<br /><div class="nickname" style="display:inline;font-size:78%"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Río Bravo del Norte</i></span> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span>, <span style="font-family: Aboriginal Sans, DejaVu Sans, Calibri, Arial Unicode MS, sans-serif;"><span title="Navajo-language text"><i lang="nv">Tooh Baʼáadii</i></span></span> <span class="languageicon">(in Navajo)</span>, <i>Kótsoi</i> <span class="languageicon">(in Jicarilla Apache)</span><i></i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rio_Grande_in_Big_Bend_NP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Rio_Grande_in_Big_Bend_NP.jpg/300px-Rio_Grande_in_Big_Bend_NP.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Rio_Grande_in_Big_Bend_NP.jpg/450px-Rio_Grande_in_Big_Bend_NP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Rio_Grande_in_Big_Bend_NP.jpg/600px-Rio_Grande_in_Big_Bend_NP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Rio Grande at <a href="/wiki/Big_Bend_National_Park" title="Big Bend National Park">Big Bend National Park</a>,<br />on the Mexico–U.S. border</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Riogranderivermap.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Riogranderivermap.png/300px-Riogranderivermap.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Riogranderivermap.png/450px-Riogranderivermap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Riogranderivermap.png/600px-Riogranderivermap.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1181" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Map of the Rio Grande drainage basin</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Location</th></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">State</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_(state)" title="Chihuahua (state)">Chihuahua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coahuila" title="Coahuila">Coahuila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Le%C3%B3n" title="Nuevo León">Nuevo León</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamaulipas" title="Tamaulipas">Tamaulipas</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Physical characteristics</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Source</th><td class="infobox-data">Main stem source: <a href="/wiki/Canby_Mountain" title="Canby Mountain">Canby Mountain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Continental_Divide_of_the_Americas" title="Continental Divide of the Americas">Continental Divide</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • location</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Mountains" title="San Juan Mountains">San Juan Mountains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_National_Forest" title="Rio Grande National Forest">Rio Grande National Forest</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-tsha_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsha-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, United States</td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Rio_Grande&params=37_47_51_N_107_32_35_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°47′51″N</span> <span class="longitude">107°32′35″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.79750°N 107.54306°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.79750; -107.54306</span></span></span></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-gnis_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • elevation</span></th><td class="infobox-data">12,000 ft (3,700 m)<sup id="cite_ref-tsha_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsha-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2nd source</th><td class="infobox-data">Most distant source: Pole creek, Tundra Top peak 13450, <a href="/wiki/Continental_Divide_of_the_Americas" title="Continental Divide of the Americas">Continental Divide</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • location</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Mountains" title="San Juan Mountains">San Juan Mountains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_National_Forest" title="Rio Grande National Forest">Rio Grande National Forest</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-tsha_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsha-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, United States</td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Rio_Grande&params=37_51_6_N_107_25_28_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°51′6″N</span> <span class="longitude">107°25′28″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.85167°N 107.42444°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.85167; -107.42444</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • elevation</span></th><td class="infobox-data">12,760 ft (3,890 m)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/River_mouth" title="River mouth">Mouth</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal"> • location</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cameron_County,_Texas" title="Cameron County, Texas">Cameron County, Texas</a>; <a href="/wiki/Matamoros,_Tamaulipas" title="Matamoros, Tamaulipas">Matamoros, Tamaulipas</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal"> • coordinates</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Rio_Grande&params=25_57_22_N_97_8_43_W_type:river"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">25°57′22″N</span> <span class="longitude">97°8′43″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">25.95611°N 97.14528°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">25.95611; -97.14528</span></span></span></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-gnis_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal"> • elevation</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0 ft (0 m)</td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">1,896 mi (3,051 km)<sup id="cite_ref-tsha_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsha-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Basin size</th><td class="infobox-data">182,200 sq mi (472,000 km<sup>2</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-nasqan_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasqan-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discharge</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • location</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Pass,_Texas" title="Eagle Pass, Texas">Eagle Pass, Texas</a> – <a href="/wiki/Piedras_Negras,_Coahuila" title="Piedras Negras, Coahuila">Piedras Negras, Coahuila</a><sup id="cite_ref-ibwc_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibwc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • average</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2,403 cu ft/s (68.0 m<sup>3</sup>/s)<sup id="cite_ref-ibwc_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibwc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • minimum</span></th><td class="infobox-data">24 cu ft/s (0.68 m<sup>3</sup>/s)</td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • maximum</span></th><td class="infobox-data">964,000 cu ft/s (27,300 m<sup>3</sup>/s)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Basin features</th></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tributaries</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • left</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Red_River_(New_Mexico)" title="Red River (New Mexico)">Red River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rio_Hondo_(Northern_New_Mexico)" title="Rio Hondo (Northern New Mexico)">Rio Hondo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rio_Pueblo_de_Taos" title="Rio Pueblo de Taos">Rio Pueblo de Taos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Embudo_Creek" title="Embudo Creek">Embudo Creek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_River_(New_Mexico)" title="Santa Fe River (New Mexico)">Santa Fe River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galisteo_Creek" class="mw-redirect" title="Galisteo Creek">Galisteo Creek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alamito_Creek" title="Alamito Creek">Alamito Creek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terlingua_Creek" title="Terlingua Creek">Terlingua Creek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pecos_River" title="Pecos River">Pecos River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Devils_River_(Texas)" title="Devils River (Texas)">Devils River</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • right</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Conejos_River" title="Conejos River">Conejos River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rio_Chama" title="Rio Chama">Rio Chama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jemez_River" title="Jemez River">Jemez River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rio_Puerco_(Rio_Grande_tributary)" title="Rio Puerco (Rio Grande tributary)">Rio Puerco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rio_Conchos" title="Rio Conchos">Rio Conchos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rio_Salado_(Mexico)" title="Rio Salado (Mexico)">Rio Salado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rio_Alamo" title="Rio Alamo">Rio Alamo</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Juan_River_(Tamaulipas)" title="San Juan River (Tamaulipas)">San Juan River</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 250px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="250" data-zoom="4" data-overlays="["_a790da302ceb694a77e779f766cd64bd092df51e"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,a,a,270x250.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Rio_Grande&revid=1258379345&groups=_a790da302ceb694a77e779f766cd64bd092df51e" width="270" height="250" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,a,a,270x250@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Rio_Grande&revid=1258379345&groups=_a790da302ceb694a77e779f766cd64bd092df51e 2x" alt="Map" /></a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #90B8F1; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/National_Wild_and_Scenic_Rivers_System" title="National Wild and Scenic Rivers System">National Wild and Scenic River</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Wild 150.1 miles (241.6 km)<br />Scenic 108.5 miles (174.6 km)<br /> Recreational 0.8 miles (1.3 km)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">October 2, 1968<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Rio Grande</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>/</a></span></span> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span>) in the United States or the <b>Río Bravo</b> (<b>del Norte</b>) in Mexico (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[ˈri.o<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈβɾaβo<span class="wrap"> </span>ðel<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈnoɾte]</a></span>), also known as <b>P’osoge</b> in <a href="/wiki/Tewa_language" title="Tewa language">Tewa</a> and <b>Tó Ba’áadi</b> in <a href="/wiki/Navajo_language" title="Navajo language">Navajo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NATIVENAMES_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NATIVENAMES-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is one of the principal rivers (along with the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado River</a>) in the <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwestern United States</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mexico" title="Northern Mexico">northern Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The length of the Rio Grande is 1,896 miles (3,051 km), making it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_rivers_of_the_United_States_(by_main_stem)" title="List of longest rivers of the United States (by main stem)">4th longest river in the United States</a> and in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> by main stem. It originates in south-central <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, in the United States, and flows to the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Rio Grande <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">drainage basin</a> (watershed) has an area of 182,200 square miles (472,000 km<sup>2</sup>);<sup id="cite_ref-nasqan_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasqan-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, the <a href="/wiki/Endorheic_basin" title="Endorheic basin">endorheic basins</a> that are adjacent to and within the greater drainage basin of the Rio Grande increase the total drainage-basin area to 336,000 square miles (870,000 km<sup>2</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-benke_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-benke-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Rio Grande with <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Valley_(landform)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio Grande Valley (landform)">its fertile valley</a>, along with its tributaries, is a vital water source for seven US and Mexican states, and flows primarily through arid and semi-arid lands. After traversing the length of <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, the Rio Grande becomes the <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">Mexico–United States border</a>, between the U.S. state of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> and the northern Mexican states of <a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_(state)" title="Chihuahua (state)">Chihuahua</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coahuila" title="Coahuila">Coahuila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Le%C3%B3n" title="Nuevo León">Nuevo León</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tamaulipas" title="Tamaulipas">Tamaulipas</a>; a short segment of the Rio Grande is a partial state-boundary between the U.S. states of New Mexico and Texas. Since the mid–twentieth century, only 20 percent of the Rio Grande's water reaches the Gulf of Mexico, because of the voluminous consumption of water required to irrigate farmland (e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Mesilla_Valley" title="Mesilla Valley">Mesilla</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lower_Rio_Grande_Valley" title="Lower Rio Grande Valley">Lower Rio Grande Valleys</a>) and to continually hydrate cities (e.g. Albuquerque); such water usages are additional to the reservoirs of water retained with <a href="/wiki/Diversion_dam" title="Diversion dam">diversion dams</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tsha_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsha-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 260 miles (418 km) of the river in New Mexico and Texas are designated as the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Wild_and_Scenic_River" title="Rio Grande Wild and Scenic River">Rio Grande Wild and Scenic River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Rio Grande rises in the western part of <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_National_Forest" title="Rio Grande National Forest">Rio Grande National Forest</a>, in the U.S. state of <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, and is formed by the joining of several streams at the base of <a href="/wiki/Canby_Mountain" title="Canby Mountain">Canby Mountain</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Mountains" title="San Juan Mountains">San Juan Mountains</a>, due east of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Divide_of_the_Americas" title="Continental Divide of the Americas">Continental Divide of the Americas</a>. From the Continental Divide, the Rio Grande flows through the <a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Valley" title="San Luis Valley">San Luis Valley</a>, then south into <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, and passes through the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Gorge" title="Rio Grande Gorge">Rio Grande Gorge</a>, near Taos, then toward <a href="/wiki/Espa%C3%B1ola,_New_Mexico" title="Española, New Mexico">Española</a>, afterwards collecting additional waters from the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado River</a> basin via the <a href="/wiki/San_Juan-Chama_Diversion_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="San Juan-Chama Diversion Project">San Juan-Chama Diversion Project</a> and from the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Chama" title="Rio Chama">Rio Chama</a>. The Rio Grande then continues southwards, irrigating the farmlands in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Rio_Grande_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Rio Grande Valley">Middle Rio Grande Valley</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Desert" title="Desert">desert</a> cities of <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque</a> and <a href="/wiki/Las_Cruces,_New_Mexico" title="Las Cruces, New Mexico">Las Cruces</a> in New Mexico, to <a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso, Texas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Ju%C3%A1rez,_Chihuahua" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua">Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua</a>, in Mexico. In the <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque_metropolitan_area" title="Albuquerque metropolitan area">Albuquerque metropolitan area</a>, the Rio Grande flows by historic <a href="/wiki/Pueblo" title="Pueblo">Pueblo</a> villages, such as <a href="/wiki/Sandia_Pueblo" title="Sandia Pueblo">Sandia Pueblo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isleta_Pueblo" class="mw-redirect" title="Isleta Pueblo">Isleta Pueblo</a>. South of El Paso, the Rio Grande is the national border between the U.S. and Mexico. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rio_Grande-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Rio_Grande-2.jpg/220px-Rio_Grande-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Rio_Grande-2.jpg/330px-Rio_Grande-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Rio_Grande-2.jpg/440px-Rio_Grande-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>A riverine islet in the Rio Grande, seen from North Valley, New Mexico.</figcaption></figure> <p>The segment of the river that forms the international border ranges from 889 to 1,248 miles (1,431 to 2,008 km), depending on how the river is measured.<sup id="cite_ref-tsha_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsha-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Rio_Conchos" title="Rio Conchos">Rio Conchos</a> is a major tributary of the Rio Grande, with its confluence 310 km. (193 straight air miles) southeast of El Paso near <a href="/wiki/Ojinaga" title="Ojinaga">Ojinaga</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_(state)" title="Chihuahua (state)">Chihuahua</a>, Mexico. Downstream, other tributaries include the <a href="/wiki/Pecos_River" title="Pecos River">Pecos River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Devils_River_(Texas)" title="Devils River (Texas)">Devils River</a>, both entering the Rio Grande from the north in the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/Amistad_Reservoir" title="Amistad Reservoir">Amistad Reservoir</a> in Texas, and the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Salado_(Mexico)" title="Rio Salado (Mexico)">Rio Salado</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Juan_River_(Tamaulipas)" title="San Juan River (Tamaulipas)">Rio San Juan</a> both entering from the south with confluences in <a href="/wiki/Tamaulipas" title="Tamaulipas">Tamaulipas</a>, Mexico. </p><p>The Rio Grande rises in high mountains and flows for much of its length at high elevation; the valley floor at Albuquerque is 5,312 feet (1,619 m), and El Paso 3,762 feet (1,147 m) above <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a>. In New Mexico, the river flows through the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_rift" title="Rio Grande rift">Rio Grande rift</a> from one <a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">sediment</a>-filled basin to another, cutting <a href="/wiki/Canyon" title="Canyon">canyons</a> between the basins and supporting a fragile <a href="/wiki/Bosque" title="Bosque">bosque</a> ecosystem on its <a href="/wiki/Flood_plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Flood plain">flood plain</a>. From Albuquerque southward, the river flows through desert. Although irrigated agriculture exists throughout most of its stretch, it is particularly extensive in the <a href="/wiki/Subtropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropical">subtropical</a> <a href="/wiki/Lower_Rio_Grande_Valley" title="Lower Rio Grande Valley">Lower Rio Grande Valley</a>. The river ends in a small, sandy <a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">delta</a> at the Gulf of Mexico. During portions of 2001 and 2002, the mouth of the Rio Grande was blocked by a sandbar. In the fall of 2003, the sandbar was cleared by high river flows around 7,063 cubic feet per second (200 m<sup>3</sup>/s).<sup id="cite_ref-ibwc_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibwc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Rio Grande flows through a valley with diverse animal and plants communities. Conservation of the river and the valley is a recurring theme for people who live in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Navigation">Navigation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Navigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the river's greatest depth is 60 feet (18 m), the Rio Grande generally cannot be navigated by passenger <a href="/wiki/Riverboat" title="Riverboat">riverboats</a> or by <a href="/wiki/Barge" title="Barge">cargo barges</a>. Navigation is only possible near the mouth of the river, in rare circumstances up to <a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Texas" title="Laredo, Texas">Laredo, Texas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Navigation was active during much of the 19th century,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with over 200 different <a href="/wiki/Steamboat" title="Steamboat">steamboats</a> operating between the river's mouth close to <a href="/wiki/Brownsville,_Texas" title="Brownsville, Texas">Brownsville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_City,_Texas" title="Rio Grande City, Texas">Rio Grande City, Texas</a>. Many steamboats from the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi Rivers</a> were requisitioned by the U.S. government and moved to the Rio Grande during the <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a> in 1846. They provided transport for the U.S. Army, under General <a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor</a>, to invade <a href="/wiki/Monterrey" title="Monterrey">Monterrey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Le%C3%B3n" title="Nuevo León">Nuevo León</a>, via <a href="/wiki/Camargo_Municipality,_Tamaulipas" title="Camargo Municipality, Tamaulipas">Camargo Municipality, Tamaulipas</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">Army engineers</a> recommended that with small improvements, the river could easily be made navigable as far north as El Paso.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Those recommendations were never acted upon. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rio_Grande_EP_Upper_Valley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Rio_Grande_EP_Upper_Valley.jpg/220px-Rio_Grande_EP_Upper_Valley.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Rio_Grande_EP_Upper_Valley.jpg/330px-Rio_Grande_EP_Upper_Valley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Rio_Grande_EP_Upper_Valley.jpg/440px-Rio_Grande_EP_Upper_Valley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Rio Grande in west <a href="/wiki/El_Paso" class="mw-redirect" title="El Paso">El Paso</a> near the New Mexico state line</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Brownsville_%26_Matamoros_International_Bridge" title="Brownsville & Matamoros International Bridge">Brownsville & Matamoros International Bridge</a>, a large <a href="/wiki/Swing_bridge" title="Swing bridge">swing bridge</a>, dates back to 1910 and is still in use today by automobiles connecting Brownsville with <a href="/wiki/Matamoros,_Tamaulipas" title="Matamoros, Tamaulipas">Matamoros, Tamaulipas</a>. The swing mechanism has not been used since the early 1900s, though, when the last of the big steamboats disappeared. At one point, the bridge also had rail traffic. Railroad trains no longer use this bridge. A new rail bridge (West Rail International Crossing) connecting the U.S. and Mexico was built about 15 miles west of the Brownsville & Matamoros International Bridge. It was inaugurated in August 2015. It moved all rail operations out of downtown Brownsville and Matamoros.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The West Rail International Crossing is the first new international rail crossing between the U.S. and Mexico in over a century.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Brownsville & Matamoros International Bridge is now operated by the Brownsville and Matamoros Bridge Company, a joint venture between the Mexican government and the <a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific_Railroad" title="Union Pacific Railroad">Union Pacific Railroad</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PXL_20230824_182108745.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PXL_20230824_182108745.jpg/220px-PXL_20230824_182108745.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PXL_20230824_182108745.jpg/330px-PXL_20230824_182108745.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PXL_20230824_182108745.jpg/440px-PXL_20230824_182108745.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4080" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Rio Grande Gorge in Central <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a></figcaption></figure> <p>At the mouth of the Rio Grande, on the Mexican side, was the large commercial port of <a href="/wiki/Bagdad,_Tamaulipas" title="Bagdad, Tamaulipas">Bagdad, Tamaulipas</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, this was the only legitimate port of the Confederacy. European warships anchored offshore to maintain the port's neutrality, and managed to do so successfully throughout that conflict, despite occasional stare-downs with blockading ships from the <a href="/wiki/Union_blockade" title="Union blockade">US Navy</a>. It was a shallow-draft river port, with several smaller vessels that hauled cargo to and from the deeper-draft cargo ships anchored off shore. These deeper-draft ships could not cross the shallow <a href="/wiki/Shoal" title="Shoal">sandbar</a> at the mouth of the river. The port's commerce was European military supplies, in exchange for bales of cotton. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancestral_Rio_Grande">Ancestral Rio Grande</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ancestral Rio Grande"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rio_Grande_White_Rock_Overlook_Park_View_2006_09_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Rio_Grande_White_Rock_Overlook_Park_View_2006_09_05.jpg/220px-Rio_Grande_White_Rock_Overlook_Park_View_2006_09_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Rio_Grande_White_Rock_Overlook_Park_View_2006_09_05.jpg/330px-Rio_Grande_White_Rock_Overlook_Park_View_2006_09_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Rio_Grande_White_Rock_Overlook_Park_View_2006_09_05.jpg/440px-Rio_Grande_White_Rock_Overlook_Park_View_2006_09_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>View of the Rio Grande from Overlook Park, <a href="/wiki/White_Rock,_New_Mexico" title="White Rock, New Mexico">White Rock, New Mexico</a></figcaption></figure><p>The <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_basin" title="Sedimentary basin">sedimentary basins</a> forming the modern <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Valley_(New_Mexico)" title="Rio Grande Valley (New Mexico)">Rio Grande Valley</a> were not integrated into a single river system draining into the Gulf of Mexico until relatively recent geologic time. Instead, the basins formed by the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_rift" title="Rio Grande rift">Rio Grande rift</a> were initially <a href="/wiki/Bolson" title="Bolson">bolsons</a>, with no external drainage and a central <a href="/wiki/Dry_lake" title="Dry lake">playa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-repasch-etal-2017_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-repasch-etal-2017-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An axial river existed in the Espanola Basin as early as 13 million years ago, reaching the Santo Domingo Basin by 6.9 million years ago. However, at this time, the river drained into a playa in the southern <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque_Basin" title="Albuquerque Basin">Albuquerque Basin</a> where it deposited the <a href="/wiki/Popotosa_Formation" title="Popotosa Formation">Popotosa Formation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-koning-etal-2018_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-koning-etal-2018-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The upper reach of this river corresponded to the modern <a href="/wiki/Rio_Chama" title="Rio Chama">Rio Chama</a>, but by 5 million years ago, an ancestral Rio Grande draining the eastern <a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Mountains" title="San Juan Mountains">San Juan Mountains</a> had joined the ancestral Rio Chama.<sup id="cite_ref-repasch-etal-2017_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-repasch-etal-2017-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ancestral Rio Grande progressively integrated basins to the south, reaching the <a href="/wiki/Mesilla_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesilla Basin">Mesilla Basin</a> by 4.5 million years and the Palomas basin by 3.1 million years ago, forming <a href="/wiki/Lake_Palomas" title="Lake Palomas">Lake Palomas</a>. <a href="/wiki/River_capture" class="mw-redirect" title="River capture">River capture</a> by a tributary of the Pecos River then occurred, with the Rio Grande flowing to Texas by 2.06 million years, and finally joining the Pecos River 800,000 years ago, which drained into the Gulf of Mexico. Volcanism in the Taos Plateau reduced drainage from the San Luis Basin until a spillover event 440,000 years ago that drained <a href="/wiki/Lake_Alamosa" title="Lake Alamosa">Lake Alamosa</a>, forming the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Gorge" title="Rio Grande Gorge">Rio Grande Gorge</a>, and fully reintegrated the San Luis Basin into the Rio Grande watershed.<sup id="cite_ref-repasch-etal-2017_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-repasch-etal-2017-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prior_to_European_contact">Prior to European contact</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Prior to European contact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rio_Grande_Creede.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Rio_Grande_Creede.jpg/220px-Rio_Grande_Creede.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Rio_Grande_Creede.jpg/330px-Rio_Grande_Creede.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Rio_Grande_Creede.jpg/440px-Rio_Grande_Creede.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The Upper Rio Grande near <a href="/wiki/Creede,_Colorado" title="Creede, Colorado">Creede, Colorado</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Archeological sites from the earliest human presence in the Rio Grande Valley are scarce, due to traditional Indigenous nomadic culture, <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Holocene</a> <a href="/wiki/River_incision" title="River incision">river incision</a> or burial under the Holocene floodplain. However, some early sites are preserved on <a href="/wiki/West_Mesa" title="West Mesa">West Mesa</a> on the west side of the Rio Grande near Albuquerque. These include <a href="/wiki/Folsom_tradition" title="Folsom tradition">Folsom</a> sites, possibly dating from around 10,800 to 9,700 BCE, that were probably short-term sites such as buffalo kill sites. Preservation is better in flanking basins of the Rio Grande Valley, where numerous Folsom sites and a much smaller number of earlier <a href="/wiki/Clovis_culture" title="Clovis culture">Clovis</a> sites have been identified.<sup id="cite_ref-BallengerEtal2017_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BallengerEtal2017-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later <a href="/wiki/Paleo-Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleo-Indian">Paleo-Indian</a> groups included the <a href="/wiki/Belen_point" title="Belen point">Belen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cody_complex" title="Cody complex">Cody</a> cultures, who appear to have taken advantage of the Rio Grande Valley for seasonal migrations and may have settled more permanently in the valley.<sup id="cite_ref-VeirraEtal2012_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VeirraEtal2012-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Paleo-Indian cultures gave way to the <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Archaic_Traditions" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwestern Archaic Traditions">Archaic</a> <a href="/wiki/Oshara_tradition" title="Oshara tradition">Oshara tradition</a> beginning around 5450 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-Gibbon798_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibbon798-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Oshara began cultivation of <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a> between 1750 and 750 BCE, and their settlements became larger and more permanent.<sup id="cite_ref-VeirraEtal2012_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VeirraEtal2012-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Drought induced the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Ancestral_Puebloan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancestral Puebloan">Ancestral Puebloan</a> culture, at <a href="/wiki/Chaco_Canyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaco Canyon">Chaco Canyon</a> and elsewhere across the Four Corners region, at around 1130 CE. This led to a mass migration of the Ancestral Puebloans to the Rio Grande and other more fertile valleys of the Southwest, competing with other indigenous communities such as the Apache with territory in the Rio Grande Valley.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to decades of conflict (the Coalition Period), the eventual merging of cultures, and the establishment of most of the <a href="/wiki/Tanoan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanoan">Tanoan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Keresan" class="mw-redirect" title="Keresan">Keresan</a> <a href="/wiki/Pueblos" class="mw-redirect" title="Pueblos">pueblos</a> of the Rio Grande Valley. This was followed by the Classic Period, from about 1325 CE to 1600 CE and the arrival of the Spanish. The upper Rio Grande Valley was characterized by occasional periods of extreme drought, and the human inhabitants make extensive use of gridded gardens and check dams to stretch the uncertain water supply.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_exploration">Spanish exploration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Spanish exploration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mexicum_in_hac_forma_in_lucem_(2674570748).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mexicum_in_hac_forma_in_lucem_%282674570748%29.jpg/220px-Mexicum_in_hac_forma_in_lucem_%282674570748%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mexicum_in_hac_forma_in_lucem_%282674570748%29.jpg/330px-Mexicum_in_hac_forma_in_lucem_%282674570748%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Mexicum_in_hac_forma_in_lucem_%282674570748%29.jpg/440px-Mexicum_in_hac_forma_in_lucem_%282674570748%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1686" /></a><figcaption>Rare first state of <a href="/wiki/Giovan_Battista_Nicolosi" title="Giovan Battista Nicolosi">Giovan Battista Nicolosi</a>'s four sheet map of North America, the first printed map to accurately depict the course of the Rio Grande (named <i>Rio Escondido</i>) flowing into the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1519, a Spanish naval expedition along the northeastern coast of Mexico charted the mouths of several rivers including the Rio Grande. In 1536, the Rio Grande appeared for the first time on a map of <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a> produced by a royal Spanish cartographer. In the autumn of 1540, a military expedition of the <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">Viceroyalty of New Spain</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Francisco_V%C3%A1squez_de_Coronado" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco Vásquez de Coronado">Francisco Vásquez de Coronado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nueva_Galicia" title="Nueva Galicia">Governor of Nueva Galicia</a>, reached the <a href="/wiki/Tiwa_Puebloans" title="Tiwa Puebloans">Tiwa pueblos</a> along the Rio Grande in the future <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 12, 1598, <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_O%C3%B1ate" title="Juan de Oñate">Don Juan de Oñate y Salazar</a> established the New Spain colony of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_de_Nuevo_M%C3%A9jico" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Fe de Nuevo Méjico">Santa Fe de Nuevo Méjico</a> at the new village of <a href="/wiki/San_Juan_de_los_Caballeros" class="mw-redirect" title="San Juan de los Caballeros">San Juan de los Caballeros</a> adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Ohkay_Owingeh,_New_Mexico" title="Ohkay Owingeh, New Mexico">Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo</a> at the confluence of the Rio Grande and the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Chama" title="Rio Chama">Río Chama</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Since_1830">Since 1830</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Since 1830"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> During the late 1830s and early 1840s, the river marked the disputed border between Mexico and the nascent <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Texas" title="Republic of Texas">Republic of Texas</a>; Mexico marked the border at the <a href="/wiki/Nueces_River" title="Nueces River">Nueces River</a>. The disagreement provided part of the rationale for the <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a> in 1846, after Texas had been admitted as a new state. Since 1848, the Rio Grande has marked the boundary between Mexico and the United States from the twin cities of <a href="/wiki/El_Paso" class="mw-redirect" title="El Paso">El Paso</a>, Texas, and <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Ju%C3%A1rez" title="Ciudad Juárez">Ciudad Juárez</a>, Chihuahua, to the Gulf of Mexico. As such, crossing the river was the escape route used by some Texan <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slaves</a> to seek freedom. Mexico had liberal colonization policies and had abolished slavery in 1828.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Railway_Bridges_and_the_Great_customs_smelter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Railway_Bridges_and_the_Great_customs_smelter.jpg/220px-Railway_Bridges_and_the_Great_customs_smelter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Railway_Bridges_and_the_Great_customs_smelter.jpg/330px-Railway_Bridges_and_the_Great_customs_smelter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Railway_Bridges_and_the_Great_customs_smelter.jpg/440px-Railway_Bridges_and_the_Great_customs_smelter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="749" data-file-height="474" /></a><figcaption>Railway Bridges and the Great Customs Smelter (postcard, <i>circa</i> 1916)</figcaption></figure><p> In 1899, after a gradual change to the river position, a channel was dug for flood control which moved the river, creating what was called Cordova Island, which became the center of the <a href="/wiki/Chamizal_dispute" title="Chamizal dispute">Chamizal dispute</a>. Resolving the dispute took many years and resulted in a <a href="/wiki/Chamizal_dispute#Disputes_and_controversy_(1899–1963)" title="Chamizal dispute">1909 combined assassination attempt</a> on the American and Mexican presidents. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rio_Grande_Water_Rights_(1900–present)"><span id="Rio_Grande_Water_Rights_.281900.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Rio Grande Water Rights (1900–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Rio Grande Water Rights (1900–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the approval of the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Project" title="Rio Grande Project">Rio Grande Project</a> by federal lawmakers in 1905, the waters of the Rio Grande were to be divided between the states of New Mexico and Texas based on their respective amount of irrigable land. The project also accorded 60,000 <a href="/wiki/Acre-foot" title="Acre-foot">acre-feet</a> (74 million <a href="/wiki/Cubic_metre" title="Cubic metre">cubic meters</a>) of water annually to Mexico in response to the country's demands. This was meant to put an end to the many years of disagreement concerning rights to the river's flow and the construction of a dam and reservoir at various location on the river between the agricultural interests of the <a href="/wiki/Mesilla_Valley" title="Mesilla Valley">Mesilla Valley</a> and those of <a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Ju%C3%A1rez" title="Ciudad Juárez">Juárez</a>. In the agreement provisions were made to construct <a href="/wiki/Elephant_Butte_Dam" title="Elephant Butte Dam">Elephant Butte dam</a> on public lands. This act was the first occurrence of congressionally directed allocation of an interstate river (although New Mexico would not achieve statehood till 1912).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bridge_of_the_Americas_(El_Paso%E2%80%93Ciudad_Ju%C3%A1rez),_June_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Bridge_of_the_Americas_%28El_Paso%E2%80%93Ciudad_Ju%C3%A1rez%29%2C_June_2016.jpg/220px-Bridge_of_the_Americas_%28El_Paso%E2%80%93Ciudad_Ju%C3%A1rez%29%2C_June_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Bridge_of_the_Americas_%28El_Paso%E2%80%93Ciudad_Ju%C3%A1rez%29%2C_June_2016.jpg/330px-Bridge_of_the_Americas_%28El_Paso%E2%80%93Ciudad_Ju%C3%A1rez%29%2C_June_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Bridge_of_the_Americas_%28El_Paso%E2%80%93Ciudad_Ju%C3%A1rez%29%2C_June_2016.jpg/440px-Bridge_of_the_Americas_%28El_Paso%E2%80%93Ciudad_Ju%C3%A1rez%29%2C_June_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5754" data-file-height="3328" /></a><figcaption>Bridge of the Americas from El Paso, US to Ciudad Juárez, Mexico (2016).</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the admittance of New Mexico into the union, the increased settlement of the Rio Grande farther north in Colorado and near Albuquerque, the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Compact" title="Rio Grande Compact">1938 Rio Grande Compact</a> developed primarily because of the necessary repeal of the Rio Grande embargo among other issues.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though both Colorado and New Mexico were initially eager to begin negotiations, they broke down over whether Texas should be allowed to join <a href="/wiki/Negotiation" title="Negotiation">negotiations</a> in 1928, though it had representatives present. In an effort to avoid litigation of the matter in the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> a provisional agreement was signed in 1929 which stated that negotiations would resume once a reservoir was built on the New Mexico-Colorado state line. The construction of this was delayed by the <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Crash_of_1929" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Crash of 1929">Market Crash of 1929</a>. With negotiations remaining stagnant, Texas sued New Mexico over the issue in 1935, prompting the intervention of the <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">president</a> who set up the Rio Grande Joint Investigation the findings of which helped lead to the final agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1938 Rio Grande Compact provided for the creation of a compact commission, the creation of <a href="/wiki/Stream_gauge" title="Stream gauge">gaging stations</a> along the river to ensure flow amounts by Colorado to New Mexico at the state line and by New Mexico to <a href="/wiki/Elephant_Butte_Reservoir" title="Elephant Butte Reservoir">Elephant Butte Reservoir</a>, the water once there would fall under the regulation of the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Project" title="Rio Grande Project">Rio Grande Project</a> which would guarantee provision to Texas and Mexico. A system of <a href="/wiki/Debits_and_credits" title="Debits and credits">debits and credits</a> was created to account for variations in the water provided.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The compact remains in effect today, though it has been amended twice. </p><p> In 1944, the US and Mexico signed a treaty regarding the river.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to drought conditions which have prevailed throughout much of the 21st century, calls for a reexamination of this treaty have been made by locals in New Mexico, Mexico, and Texas. Texas, being the state with the least amount of control over the waterway, has routinely seen an under-provision of water since 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rio_Grande_SE_of_Falcon_Reservoir,_Municipality_of_Mier,_Tamaulipas,_Mexico_(12_August_2007).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Rio_Grande_SE_of_Falcon_Reservoir%2C_Municipality_of_Mier%2C_Tamaulipas%2C_Mexico_%2812_August_2007%29.jpg/220px-Rio_Grande_SE_of_Falcon_Reservoir%2C_Municipality_of_Mier%2C_Tamaulipas%2C_Mexico_%2812_August_2007%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Rio_Grande_SE_of_Falcon_Reservoir%2C_Municipality_of_Mier%2C_Tamaulipas%2C_Mexico_%2812_August_2007%29.jpg/330px-Rio_Grande_SE_of_Falcon_Reservoir%2C_Municipality_of_Mier%2C_Tamaulipas%2C_Mexico_%2812_August_2007%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Rio_Grande_SE_of_Falcon_Reservoir%2C_Municipality_of_Mier%2C_Tamaulipas%2C_Mexico_%2812_August_2007%29.jpg/440px-Rio_Grande_SE_of_Falcon_Reservoir%2C_Municipality_of_Mier%2C_Tamaulipas%2C_Mexico_%2812_August_2007%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Rio Grande southeast of Falcon Reservoir, Municipality of Mier, Tamaulipas, Mexico (August 12, 2007)</figcaption></figure><p> In 1997, the US designated the Rio Grande as one of the <a href="/wiki/American_Heritage_Rivers" title="American Heritage Rivers">American Heritage Rivers</a>. Two portions of the Rio Grande are designated <a href="/wiki/National_Wild_and_Scenic_Rivers_System" title="National Wild and Scenic Rivers System">National Wild and Scenic Rivers System</a>, one in northern New Mexico and the other in Texas, at <a href="/wiki/Big_Bend_National_Park" title="Big Bend National Park">Big Bend National Park</a>. </p><p>In mid-2001, a 328-foot (100 m)-wide sandbar formed at the mouth of the river, marking the first time in recorded history that the Rio Grande failed to empty into the Gulf of Mexico. The sandbar was <a href="/wiki/Dredging" title="Dredging">dredged</a>, but reformed almost immediately. Spring rains the following year flushed the reformed sandbar out to sea, but it returned in mid-2002. By late 2003, the river once again reached the Gulf.<sup id="cite_ref-ibwc_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibwc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uncertain_future">Uncertain future</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Uncertain future"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_North_American_megadrought" title="Southwestern North American megadrought">Southwestern North American megadrought</a></div><p> For much of the time since water rights were introduced in the 1890s, the Rio Grande flowed through Las Cruces from February to October each year, but this is subject to climate change.<sup id="cite_ref-gu-2021-01-12_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gu-2021-01-12-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, the river flowed only from March to September.<sup id="cite_ref-gu-2021-01-12_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gu-2021-01-12-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of January 2021, the Elephant Butte Irrigation District (Ebid) expected that water shortages would mean the river only flows through Las Cruces from June through July.<sup id="cite_ref-gu-2021-01-12_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gu-2021-01-12-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The water shortages are affecting the local ecosystem and endangering species including <a href="/wiki/Populus_fremontii" title="Populus fremontii">cottonwood trees</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Willow_flycatcher#E._t._extimus_–_Southwestern_willow_flycatcher" title="Willow flycatcher">southwestern willow flycatcher</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gu-2021-01-12_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gu-2021-01-12-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rio_Grande_Ariel_July_2022.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Rio_Grande_Ariel_July_2022.png/220px-Rio_Grande_Ariel_July_2022.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Rio_Grande_Ariel_July_2022.png/330px-Rio_Grande_Ariel_July_2022.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Rio_Grande_Ariel_July_2022.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="370" /></a><figcaption>A 5-mile stretch of the river ran dry in <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque" class="mw-redirect" title="Albuquerque">Albuquerque</a> in 2022</figcaption></figure><p> The water of the Rio Grande is over-appropriated: that is, more users for the water exist than water in the river. Because of both drought and overuse, the section from Las Cruces downstream through Ojinaga frequently runs dry and was recently tagged "The Forgotten River" by those wishing to bring attention to the river's deteriorated condition.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, due to increasing drought and water use, the water debt owed to Texas increased from 31,000 acre-feet to over 130,000 acre-feet since 2021, despite "very significant efforts that were done on the river this year to keep water flowing downstream."<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, New Mexico increased its program offering to subsidize farmers who fallow their fields rather than planting crops, which uses additional water;<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the city of Albuquerque shut off its domestic supply diversion and switched to full groundwater pumping in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, in 2022, work began on <a href="/wiki/El_Vado_Dam" title="El Vado Dam">El Vado Dam</a>, during which it is unavailable for storage, reducing system capacity by about 180,000 acre-feet. MRGCD has requested storage of "native water" downstream at <a href="/wiki/Abiquiu_Reservoir" class="mw-redirect" title="Abiquiu Reservoir">Abiquiu Reservoir</a>, which normally only stores waters imported into the Rio Grande watershed from the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado River</a> watershed via the <a href="/wiki/San_Juan%E2%80%93Chama_Project" title="San Juan–Chama Project">San Juan–Chama Project</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Elephant_Butte_Reservoir" title="Elephant Butte Reservoir">Elephant Butte Reservoir</a>, the main storage reservoir on the Rio Grande, was reported at 13.1% of capacity as of May 1, 2022,<sup id="cite_ref-Elephant_Butt_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elephant_Butt-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> further decreasing to only 5.9% full by November 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-Elephant_Butt_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elephant_Butt-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nearly a year later, in October 2022, the reservoir had made only insignificant rebounds, resting at 6.4% of capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-Elephant_Butt_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elephant_Butt-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late July 2022, due to extreme drought, the Rio Grande ran dry for about 50 miles in the middle <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Valley_(New_Mexico)" title="Rio Grande Valley (New Mexico)">Rio Grande Valley</a>, including five miles in Albuquerque, the first time it had done so in over 40 years.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following winter, the basin experienced above-average snowfall, leading to very high flows in the river in spring of 2023<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and flooding of some of its tributaries, including the <a href="/wiki/Jemez_River" title="Jemez River">Jemez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pecos_River" title="Pecos River">Pecos Rivers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By that summer, after the spring runoff had concluded and due to a failed <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_monsoon" class="mw-redirect" title="New Mexico monsoon">New Mexico monsoon</a> season and record high temperatures, the river went dry in Albuquerque for a second consecutive year.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="River_modifications">River modifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: River modifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Project" title="Rio Grande Project">Rio Grande Project</a></div> <p>The United States and Mexico share the water of the river under a series of agreements administered by the <a href="/wiki/International_Boundary_and_Water_Commission" title="International Boundary and Water Commission">International Boundary and Water Commission</a> (IBWC), US–Mexico. The most notable of these treaties were signed in 1906 and 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IBWC traces its institutional roots to 1889, when the International Boundary Committee was established to maintain the border. The IBWC today also allocates river waters between the two nations and provides for flood control and water sanitation. Use of that water belonging to the United States is regulated by the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Compact" title="Rio Grande Compact">Rio Grande Compact</a>, an interstate pact between Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas. </p><p>62,780 acre-feet (77,440,000 m<sup>3</sup>) of water from the upper <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado River</a> basin per year is allotted to municipalities in New Mexico by the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_Compact" title="Colorado River Compact">Upper Colorado River Basin Compact</a>; Albuquerque owns 48,200. The water is delivered to the Rio Grande via the <a href="/wiki/San_Juan%E2%80%93Chama_Project" title="San Juan–Chama Project">San Juan–Chama Project</a>. The project's construction was initiated by legislation signed by President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> in 1962, and was completed in 1971. This diversion project transports water under the <a href="/wiki/Continental_divide" title="Continental divide">continental divide</a> from tributaries of the San Juan River (the Navajo, the Little Navajo, and Blanco Rivers) to Heron Reservoir, which empties into the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Chama" title="Rio Chama">Rio Chama</a> before this connects to the Rio Grande.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although it held rights to San Juan-Chama water for many years, it wasn't until 2008 that Albuquerque began using it as part of its municipal supply, with the completion of San Juan-Chama Drinking Water Project (SJCDWP) by the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1_Wtr_Trtmnt_Plnt_A_Cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/1_Wtr_Trtmnt_Plnt_A_Cropped.jpg/220px-1_Wtr_Trtmnt_Plnt_A_Cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/1_Wtr_Trtmnt_Plnt_A_Cropped.jpg/330px-1_Wtr_Trtmnt_Plnt_A_Cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/1_Wtr_Trtmnt_Plnt_A_Cropped.jpg/440px-1_Wtr_Trtmnt_Plnt_A_Cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2832" data-file-height="1210" /></a><figcaption>Treatment plant, San Juan-Chama Drinking Water Project, Albuquerque.</figcaption></figure> <p>The SJCDWP uses an adjustable-height diversion dam to skim imported San Juan-Chama water from the Rio Grande, then pumps this water to a treatment plant on Albuquerque's north side. From there it is added to a municipal drinking water distribution system serving Albuquerque's metro area. Diversions are restricted during periods of low river flow in order to protect the riparian ecosystem and mitigate effects on endangered species like the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_silvery_minnow" title="Rio Grande silvery minnow">Rio Grande silvery minnow</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sewage_treatment" title="Sewage treatment">Treated</a> effluent water is recycled into the Rio Grande south of the city. Surface water from the SJCDWP comprises a significant percentage of Albuquerque's drinking water supply, with <a href="/wiki/Groundwater" title="Groundwater">groundwater</a> constituting the remainder; annual percentages vary according to runoff and climate conditions. Acquisition of native pre-1907 water rights is not part of the Water Authority's long-term resource management plan, dubbed WATER 2120.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dams on the Rio Grande include <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Dam" title="Rio Grande Dam">Rio Grande Dam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cochiti_Dam" title="Cochiti Dam">Cochiti Dam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elephant_Butte_Dam" title="Elephant Butte Dam">Elephant Butte Dam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caballo_Dam" title="Caballo Dam">Caballo Dam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amistad_Dam" title="Amistad Dam">Amistad Dam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Falcon_Dam" title="Falcon Dam">Falcon Dam</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anzalduas_Dam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anzalduas Dam (page does not exist)">Anzalduas Dam</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Retamal_Dam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Retamal Dam (page does not exist)">Retamal Dam</a>. In southern New Mexico and the upper portion of the Texas border segment, the river's <a href="/wiki/Discharge_(hydrology)" title="Discharge (hydrology)">discharge</a> dwindles. Diversions, mainly for agricultural irrigation, have increased the natural decrease in flow such that by the time the river reaches <a href="/wiki/Presidio,_Texas" title="Presidio, Texas">Presidio</a>, little or no water is left. Below Presidio, the Rio Conchos restores the flow of water.<sup id="cite_ref-tsha_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tsha-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Near Presidio, the river's discharge is frequently zero. Its average discharge is 178 cubic feet per second (5 m<sup>3</sup>/s), down from 945 cubic feet per second (27 m<sup>3</sup>/s) at Elephant Butte Dam. Supplemented by other tributaries, the Rio Grande's discharge increases to its maximum annual average of 3,504 cubic feet per second (99 m<sup>3</sup>/s) near Rio Grande City. Large diversions for irrigation below Rio Grande City reduce the river's average flow to 889 cubic feet per second (25 m<sup>3</sup>/s) at Brownsville and Matamoros.<sup id="cite_ref-ibwc_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibwc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crossings">Crossings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Crossings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_crossings_of_the_Rio_Grande" title="List of crossings of the Rio Grande">List of crossings of the Rio Grande</a></div> <p>The major international border crossings along the river are at <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Ju%C3%A1rez" title="Ciudad Juárez">Ciudad Juárez</a> and <a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso</a>; Presidio and Ojinaga; <a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Texas" title="Laredo, Texas">Laredo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Laredo" title="Nuevo Laredo">Nuevo Laredo</a>; <a href="/wiki/McAllen,_Texas" title="McAllen, Texas">McAllen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reynosa,_Tamaulipas" class="mw-redirect" title="Reynosa, Tamaulipas">Reynosa</a>; and Brownsville and Matamoros. Other notable border towns are the Texas/Coahuila pairings of <a href="/wiki/Del_Rio,_Texas" title="Del Rio, Texas">Del Rio</a>–<a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Acu%C3%B1a" title="Ciudad Acuña">Ciudad Acuña</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eagle_Pass,_Texas" title="Eagle Pass, Texas">Eagle Pass</a>–<a href="/wiki/Piedras_Negras,_Coahuila" title="Piedras Negras, Coahuila">Piedras Negras</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names_and_pronunciation">Names and pronunciation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Names and pronunciation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rio_grande_in_1718.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Rio_grande_in_1718.jpg/220px-Rio_grande_in_1718.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="607" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Rio_grande_in_1718.jpg/330px-Rio_grande_in_1718.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Rio_grande_in_1718.jpg/440px-Rio_grande_in_1718.jpg 2x" data-file-width="818" data-file-height="2256" /></a><figcaption>The Rio Grande (<i>Rio del Norte</i>) as mapped in 1718 by <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_de_L%27Isle" class="mw-redirect" title="Guillaume de L'Isle">Guillaume de L'Isle</a></figcaption></figure> <p><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Río Grande</i></span> is Spanish for "Big River" and <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Río Grande del Norte</i></span> means "Big River of the North". In English, Rio Grande is pronounced either <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>/</a></span></span> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span>. </p><p>In Mexico, it is known as <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Río Bravo</i></span> or <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Río Bravo del Norte</i></span>, <i lang="es"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bravo#Spanish" class="extiw" title="wikt:bravo">bravo</a></i> meaning (among other things) "furious", "agitated" or "wild". </p><p>Historically, the <a href="/wiki/Puebloans" title="Puebloans">Pueblo</a> and Navajo peoples also have had names for the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo: </p> <ul><li><i>mets'ichi chena</i>, <a href="/wiki/Keresan_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Keresan languages">Keresan</a>, "Big River"</li> <li><span title="Tewa (USA)-language text"><i lang="tew">posoge</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Tewa_language" title="Tewa language">Tewa</a>, "Big River"</li> <li><i>paslápaane</i>, <a href="/wiki/Tiwa_languages" title="Tiwa languages">Tiwa</a>, "Big River"</li> <li><span title="Jemez-language text"><i lang="tow">hañapakwa</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Jemez_language" title="Jemez language">Towa</a>, "Great Waters"</li></ul> <p>The four Pueblo names likely antedated the <a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Mexico#Spanish_exploration_and_colonization" title="History of New Mexico">Spanish <i>entrada</i></a> by several centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-Riley_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riley-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span title="Navajo-language text"><i lang="nv">Tó Baʼáadi</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Navajo_language" title="Navajo language">Navajo</a>, "Female River" (the direction south is female in Navajo cosmology)<sup id="cite_ref-Y&M_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Y&M-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Rio del Norte</i></span> was most commonly used for the upper Rio Grande (roughly, within the present-day borders of New Mexico) from <a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Spanish colonial</a> times to the end of the Mexican period in the mid-19th century. This use was first documented by the Spanish in 1582. Early American settlers in <a href="/wiki/South_Texas" title="South Texas">South Texas</a> began to use the modern 'English' name Rio Grande. By the late 19th century, in the United States, the name Rio Grande had become standard in being applied to the entire river, from <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> to the sea.<sup id="cite_ref-Riley_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riley-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1602, <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Río Bravo</i></span> had become the standard Spanish name for the lower river, below its confluence with the Rio Conchos.<sup id="cite_ref-Riley_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riley-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tributaries">Tributaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Tributaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_tributaries_of_the_Rio_Grande" title="List of tributaries of the Rio Grande">List of tributaries of the Rio Grande</a></div> <p>The largest <a href="/wiki/Tributary" title="Tributary">tributary</a> of the Rio Grande by <a href="/wiki/Discharge_(hydrology)" title="Discharge (hydrology)">discharge</a> is the Rio Conchos, which contributes almost twice as much water as any other. In terms of <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">drainage basin</a> size, the Pecos River is the largest. </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible sortable state = uncollapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th>Tributary </th> <th colspan="2">Average discharge </th> <th colspan="2">Drainage basin </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Cubic_feet_per_second" class="mw-redirect" title="Cubic feet per second">cu ft/s</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Cubic_meters_per_second" class="mw-redirect" title="Cubic meters per second">m<sup>3</sup>/s</a> </th> <th>sq mi </th> <th>km<sup>2</sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_River_(Tamaulipas)" title="San Juan River (Tamaulipas)">San Juan River</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">368 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10<sup id="cite_ref-ibwc_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibwc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12,950 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">33,500<sup id="cite_ref-ibwc_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibwc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rio_Alamo" title="Rio Alamo">Rio Alamo</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">130 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.68<sup id="cite_ref-ibwc_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibwc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,675 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,340<sup id="cite_ref-ibwc_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibwc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rio_Salado_(Mexico)" title="Rio Salado (Mexico)">Rio Salado</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">354 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.0<sup id="cite_ref-ibwc_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibwc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">23,323 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">60,400<sup id="cite_ref-ibwc_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibwc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rio_San_Rodrigo" title="Rio San Rodrigo">Rio San Rodrigo</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">130 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.68<sup id="cite_ref-ibwc_5-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibwc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,050 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,720<sup id="cite_ref-ibwc_5-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibwc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Devils_River_(Texas)" title="Devils River (Texas)">Devils River</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">362 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.3<sup id="cite_ref-ibwc_5-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibwc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">137 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">355<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pecos_River" title="Pecos River">Pecos River</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">265 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7.50<sup id="cite_ref-ibwc_5-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibwc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">44,402 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">115,000<sup id="cite_ref-largest_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-largest-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rio_Conchos" title="Rio Conchos">Rio Conchos</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">848 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">24.0<sup id="cite_ref-ibwc_5-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibwc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">26,400 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">68,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rio_Puerco_(Rio_Grande_tributary)" title="Rio Puerco (Rio Grande tributary)">Rio Puerco</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">39.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.1<sup id="cite_ref-wdr-puerco_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wdr-puerco-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7,350 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19,000<sup id="cite_ref-wdr-puerco_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wdr-puerco-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jemez_River" title="Jemez River">Jemez River</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">59.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.68<sup id="cite_ref-wdr-jemez_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wdr-jemez-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,038 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,688<sup id="cite_ref-wdr-jemez_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wdr-jemez-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_River_(New_Mexico)" title="Santa Fe River (New Mexico)">Santa Fe River</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.31<sup id="cite_ref-wdr-santafe_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wdr-santafe-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">231 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">598.3<sup id="cite_ref-wdr-santafe_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wdr-santafe-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rio_Chama" title="Rio Chama">Rio Chama</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">571 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16.2<sup id="cite_ref-wdr-chama_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wdr-chama-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,144 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,143<sup id="cite_ref-wdr-chama_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wdr-chama-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Conejos_River" title="Conejos River">Conejos River</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">176 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.98<sup id="cite_ref-wdr-conejos_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wdr-conejos-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">887 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,297<sup id="cite_ref-wdr-conejos_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wdr-conejos-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Colorado.svg/32px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Colorado.svg/48px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Colorado.svg/64px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Colorado" title="Portal:Colorado">Colorado portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/32px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/48px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chihuahuan_Desert" title="Chihuahuan Desert">Chihuahuan Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver_and_Rio_Grande_Western_Railroad" title="Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad">Denver & Rio Grande Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_border_rivers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of international border rivers">List of international border rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_rivers_of_Mexico" title="List of longest rivers of Mexico">List of longest rivers of Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_rivers_of_the_United_States_(by_main_stem)" title="List of longest rivers of the United States (by main stem)">List of longest rivers of the United States (by main stem)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Colorado" title="List of rivers of Colorado">List of rivers of Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_New_Mexico" title="List of rivers of New Mexico">List of rivers of New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Texas" title="List of rivers of Texas">List of rivers of Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Bravo,_Texas" title="Rio Bravo, Texas">Rio Bravo, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_border_disputes" title="Rio Grande border disputes">Rio Grande border disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_dams_and_diversions" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio Grande dams and diversions">Rio Grande dams and diversions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Gorge" title="Rio Grande Gorge">Rio Grande Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Trail" title="Rio Grande Trail">Rio Grande Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Wild_and_Scenic_River" title="Rio Grande Wild and Scenic River">Rio Grande Wild and Scenic River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Pecos" title="Trans-Pecos">Trans-Pecos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Texas" title="West Texas">West Texas</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-tsha-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tsha_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tsha_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a 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.id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Handbook+of+Texas+Online&rft.atitle=Rio+Grande&rft.aulast=Metz&rft.aufirst=Leon+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftshaonline.org%2Fhandbook%2Fonline%2Farticles%2Frnr05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gnis-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gnis_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gnis_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/1385432">"Rio Grande"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">Geographic Names Information System</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">United States Department of the Interior</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rio+Grande&rft.btitle=Geographic+Names+Information+System&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey%2C+United+States+Department+of+the+Interior&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedits.nationalmap.gov%2Fapps%2Fgaz-domestic%2Fpublic%2Fsearch%2Fnames%2F1385432&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.summitpost.org/tundra-top/986321">Tundra Top</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nasqan-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nasqan_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nasqan_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110704152332/http://water.usgs.gov/nasqan/docs/riogrndfact/riogrndfactsheet.html">"Rio Grande NASQAN Program"</a>. United States Geological Survey. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://water.usgs.gov/nasqan/docs/riogrndfact/riogrndfactsheet.html">the original</a> on July 4, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rio+Grande+NASQAN+Program&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwater.usgs.gov%2Fnasqan%2Fdocs%2Friogrndfact%2Friogrndfactsheet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ibwc-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ibwc_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ibwc_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ibwc_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ibwc_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ibwc_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ibwc_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ibwc_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ibwc_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ibwc_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ibwc_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ibwc_5-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ibwc_5-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ibwc_5-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ibwc_5-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ibwc_5-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ibwc_5-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibwc.gov/Water_Data/water_bulletins.html">"Water Bulletin Number 75: Flow of the Rio Grande and Related Data; From Elephant Butte Dam, New Mexico to the Gulf of Mexico"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Boundary_and_Water_Commission" title="International Boundary and Water Commission">International Boundary and Water Commission</a>. 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=obo&rft.atitle=The+Rio+Grande&rft.aulast=Monforti&rft.aufirst=Jessica+Lavariega&rft.au=Graham%2C+Margaret+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordbibliographies.com%2Fdisplay%2Fdocument%2Fobo-9780199913701%2Fobo-9780199913701-0134.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/pronunciation/english/the-rio-grande">Oxford Pronunciation</a> June 28, 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210508014626/http://encyclopediaofsantafe.com/pages/words/riogrande.html">"Rio Grande"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Santa Fe</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encyclopediaofsantafe.com/pages/words/riogrande.html">the original</a> on May 8, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rio+Grande&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Santa+Fe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencyclopediaofsantafe.com%2Fpages%2Fwords%2Friogrande.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrians2016" class="citation web cs1">Brians, Paul (May 26, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brians.wsu.edu/2016/05/26/rio-grande-river-rio-grande/">"rio grande river / rio grande"</a>. Paul Brians<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 28,</span> 2017</span> – via Washington State University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=rio+grande+river+%2F+rio+grande&rft.pub=Paul+Brians&rft.date=2016-05-26&rft.aulast=Brians&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrians.wsu.edu%2F2016%2F05%2F26%2Frio-grande-river-rio-grande%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/13/us/mighty-rio-grande-now-a-trickle-under-siege.html">"Mighty Rio Grande Now a Trickle Under Siege"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. April 13, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Mighty+Rio+Grande+Now+a+Trickle+Under+Siege&rft.date=2015-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F04%2F13%2Fus%2Fmighty-rio-grande-now-a-trickle-under-siege.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-benke-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-benke_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenkeCushing2005" class="citation book cs1">Benke, Arthur C.; Cushing, Colbert E. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-bLMR552QBMC&pg=PA186"><i>Rivers of North America</i></a>. Academic Press. pp. 186–192. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0120882533" title="Special:BookSources/978-0120882533"><bdi>978-0120882533</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rivers+of+North+America&rft.pages=186-192&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0120882533&rft.aulast=Benke&rft.aufirst=Arthur+C.&rft.au=Cushing%2C+Colbert+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-bLMR552QBMC%26pg%3DPA186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blm.gov/nm/st/en/prog/recreation/taos/rio_grande_wsr.html">"Rio Grande Wild & Scenic River"</a>. Bureau of Land Management.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rio+Grande+Wild+%26+Scenic+River&rft.pub=Bureau+of+Land+Management&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blm.gov%2Fnm%2Fst%2Fen%2Fprog%2Frecreation%2Ftaos%2Frio_grande_wsr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandy1981" class="citation web cs1">Sandy, John H. (January 4, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ir.ua.edu/handle/123456789/10030">"Book Review of Mountain Islands and Desert Seas: A Natural History of the U.S. Mexican Borderlands"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Book+Review+of+Mountain+Islands+and+Desert+Seas%3A+A+Natural+History+of+the+U.S.+Mexican+Borderlands&rft.date=1981-01-04&rft.aulast=Sandy&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fir.ua.edu%2Fhandle%2F123456789%2F10030&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/place/Rio-Grande-river-United-States-Mexico">"Rio Grande River"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 18,</span> 2016</span>. <q>In some places the depth of the river has varied from nearly 60 feet (18 metres) to a bare trickle or nothing.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rio+Grande+River&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FRio-Grande-river-United-States-Mexico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._Lea,_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas C. Lea, III">Tom Lea</a> (1957) <i>The King Ranch</i> writes that Richard King made his fortune as a riverman on the Rio Grande before he proposed marriage to Henrietta and started his cattle ranch.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/iro/international-bridges.pdf">https://ftp.dot.state.tx.us/pub/txdot-info/iro/international-bridges.pdf</a> page 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ccrma.org/project/west-rail/">"Our projects: West Rail"</a>. Cameron County Regional Mobility Authority<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/downloads/69/69_p0093_p0108.pdf">"Early Pliocene paleovalley incision during early Rio Grande evolution in southern New Mesico"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>New Mexico Geological Society Field Conference Series</i>. <b>69</b>: 93–108. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/downloads/69/69_p0093_p0108.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Vol. 1. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199978427.013.11">10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199978427.013.11</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Earliest+People+in+the+Southwest&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199978427.013.11&rft.aulast=Ballenger&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rft.au=Holliday%2C+Vance&rft.au=Sanchez%2C+Guadelupe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VeirraEtal2012-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VeirraEtal2012_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VeirraEtal2012_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVierraJodryShackleyDilley2012" class="citation book cs1">Vierra, B.J.; Jodry, M.A.; Shackley, M.S.; Dilley, M.J.; Bousman, C.B.; Vierra, B.J. 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Texas A&M University Press. p. 171. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1603447782" title="Special:BookSources/978-1603447782"><bdi>978-1603447782</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Late+Paleoindian+and+early+archaic+foragers+in+the+Northern+Southwest&rft.btitle=From+the+Pleistocene+to+the+Holocene%3A+Human+organization+and+cultural+transformations+in+prehistoric+North+America&rft.pages=171&rft.pub=Texas+A%26M+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1603447782&rft.aulast=Vierra&rft.aufirst=B.J.&rft.au=Jodry%2C+M.A.&rft.au=Shackley%2C+M.S.&rft.au=Dilley%2C+M.J.&rft.au=Bousman%2C+C.B.&rft.au=Vierra%2C+B.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gibbon798-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gibbon798_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibbonAmes1998" class="citation book cs1">Gibbon, Guy E.; Ames, Kenneth M. 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(2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-w9DYqcjwL8C&dq=%22rio+grande%22+%22ancestral+puebloans%22&pg=PA189">"The Chaco Ancestral Puebloans"</a>. <i>Canyon Gardens: The Ancient Pueblo Landscapes of the American Southwest</i>. UNM Press. p. 189. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0826338600" title="Special:BookSources/978-0826338600"><bdi>978-0826338600</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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University of Oklahoma Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0806185910" title="Special:BookSources/978-0806185910"><bdi>978-0806185910</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conflict+on+the+Rio+Grande%3A+Water+and+the+Law%2C+1879%E2%80%931939&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0806185910&rft.aulast=Littlefield&rft.aufirst=Douglas+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRRA9tC7uwoQC%26q%3Dembargo%26pg%3DPA184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinderliderMcClureClayton1939" class="citation book cs1">Hinderlider, M.C.; McClure, Thomas M.; Clayton, Frank B. 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University of Utah Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87480-496-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-87480-496-5"><bdi>0-87480-496-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rio+del+Norte&rft.pub=University+of+Utah+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-87480-496-5&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=Carroll+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Y&M-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Y&M_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoungMorgan1987" class="citation book cs1">Young, Robert W.; Morgan, William Sr. (1987). <i>The Navajo Language: A Grammar and Colloquial Dictionary</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.org/success/devilsriver.html">the original</a> on January 9, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Devils+River+Protection+Campaign%2C+Devils+River+Conservation+Easements&rft.pub=The+Nature+Conservancy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.org%2Fsuccess%2Fdevilsriver.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-largest-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-largest_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/ofr87-242/">"Largest Rivers of the United States"</a>. United States Geological Survey.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Largest+Rivers+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fof%2F1987%2Fofr87-242%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wdr-puerco-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wdr-puerco_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wdr-puerco_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2009/pdfs/08353000.2009.pdf">"Water resources data for the United States, Water Year 2009; gage 08353000 Rio Puerco near Barnardo, NM"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United States Geological Survey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2009/pdfs/08353000.2009.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 21,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Water+resources+data+for+the+United+States%2C+Water+Year+2009%3B+gage+08353000+Rio+Puerco+near+Barnardo%2C+NM&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwdr.water.usgs.gov%2Fwy2009%2Fpdfs%2F08353000.2009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wdr-jemez-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wdr-jemez_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wdr-jemez_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2009/pdfs/08329000.2009.pdf">"Water resources data for the United States, Water Year 2009; gage 08329000, Jemez River below Jemez Canyon Dam, NM"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United States Geological Survey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2009/pdfs/08329000.2009.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Water+resources+data+for+the+United+States%2C+Water+Year+2009%3B+gage+08329000%2C+Jemez+River+below+Jemez+Canyon+Dam%2C+NM&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwdr.water.usgs.gov%2Fwy2009%2Fpdfs%2F08329000.2009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wdr-santafe-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wdr-santafe_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wdr-santafe_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2009/pdfs/08317200.2009.pdf">"Water resources data for the United States, Water Year 2009; gage 08317200 Santa Fe River above Cochiti Lake, NM"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United States Geological Survey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2009/pdfs/08317200.2009.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 21,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Water+resources+data+for+the+United+States%2C+Water+Year+2009%3B+gage+08317200+Santa+Fe+River+above+Cochiti+Lake%2C+NM&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwdr.water.usgs.gov%2Fwy2009%2Fpdfs%2F08317200.2009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wdr-chama-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wdr-chama_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wdr-chama_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2009/pdfs/08290000.2009.pdf">"Water resources data for the United States, Water Year 2009; gage 08290000, Rio Chama near Chamita, NM"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United States Geological Survey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2009/pdfs/08290000.2009.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 21,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Water+resources+data+for+the+United+States%2C+Water+Year+2009%3B+gage+08290000%2C+Rio+Chama+near+Chamita%2C+NM&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwdr.water.usgs.gov%2Fwy2009%2Fpdfs%2F08290000.2009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wdr-conejos-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wdr-conejos_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wdr-conejos_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2009/pdfs/08249000.2009.pdf">"Water resources data for the United States, Water Year 2009; gage 08249000, Conejos River near Lasauses, CO"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United States Geological Survey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2009/pdfs/08249000.2009.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 21,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Water+resources+data+for+the+United+States%2C+Water+Year+2009%3B+gage+08249000%2C+Conejos+River+near+Lasauses%2C+CO&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwdr.water.usgs.gov%2Fwy2009%2Fpdfs%2F08249000.2009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoker1992" class="citation book cs1">Coker, Caleb (1992). <i>The News from Brownsville: Helen Chapman's Letters from the Texas Military Frontier, 1848–1852</i>. Austin: Texas State Historical Association. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0876111150" title="Special:BookSources/0876111150"><bdi>0876111150</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+News+from+Brownsville%3A+Helen+Chapman%27s+Letters+from+the+Texas+Military+Frontier%2C+1848%E2%80%931852&rft.place=Austin&rft.pub=Texas+State+Historical+Association&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0876111150&rft.aulast=Coker&rft.aufirst=Caleb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiaz2015" class="citation book cs1">Diaz, George T. (2015). <i>Border Contraband: A History of Smuggling across the Rio Grande</i>. University of Texas Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Border+Contraband%3A+A+History+of+Smuggling+across+the+Rio+Grande&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Diaz&rft.aufirst=George+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorgan1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Horgan" title="Paul Horgan">Horgan, Paul</a> (1991). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatriverriogra0000horg_m4d1"><i>Great River: The Rio Grande in North American History</i></a></span> (4th ed.). Hanover, New Hampshire: Wesleyan University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0819562513" title="Special:BookSources/0819562513"><bdi>0819562513</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+River%3A+The+Rio+Grande+in+North+American+History&rft.place=Hanover%2C+New+Hampshire&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Wesleyan+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0819562513&rft.aulast=Horgan&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatriverriogra0000horg_m4d1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span>; Pulitzer Prize</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKearneyKnopp1995" class="citation book cs1">Kearney, Milo; Knopp, Anthony K. (1995). <i>Boom and Bust: The Historical Cycles of Matamoros and Brownsville</i>. Austin, Texas: Eakin Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0890158159" title="Special:BookSources/978-0890158159"><bdi>978-0890158159</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boom+and+Bust%3A+The+Historical+Cycles+of+Matamoros+and+Brownsville&rft.place=Austin%2C+Texas&rft.pub=Eakin+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0890158159&rft.aulast=Kearney&rft.aufirst=Milo&rft.au=Knopp%2C+Anthony+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelley1986" class="citation book cs1">Kelley, Pat (1986). <i>River of Lost Dreams: Navigation on the Rio Grande</i>. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0803227125" title="Special:BookSources/978-0803227125"><bdi>978-0803227125</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=River+of+Lost+Dreams%3A+Navigation+on+the+Rio+Grande&rft.place=Lincoln&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0803227125&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=Pat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLea1957" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._Lea,_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas C. Lea, III">Lea, Tom</a> (1957). <i>The King Ranch</i>. Boston: Little, Brown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0316517454" title="Special:BookSources/978-0316517454"><bdi>978-0316517454</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+King+Ranch&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=1957&rft.isbn=978-0316517454&rft.aulast=Lea&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rio_Grande_(river)" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Rio Grande (river)"><b><i>Rio Grande</i></b></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://borderstories.org/los-ebanos-fuerza-humana">Border Stories: the only hand pulled ferry on the Rio Grande (video)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160331185538/http://borderstories.org/los-ebanos-fuerza-humana">Archived</a> March 31, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://texashistory.unt.edu/data/UNT/Maps/meta-pth-2480.tkl">1854 map of Rio Grande entrance</a> (hosted by the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://texashistory.unt.edu/">Portal to Texas History</a>).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/handle/2152/117479">Mountain Islands and Desert Seas: A Natural History of the U.S. Mexican Borderlands</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070123114012/http://www.chimneyparkresort.com/webcam.html">Rio Grande Cam – in Mission Texas. Mexico is on the left and the US is on the right.</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Heritage_Rivers" title="Template:American Heritage Rivers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_Heritage_Rivers" title="Template talk:American Heritage Rivers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Heritage_Rivers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Heritage Rivers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_Heritage_Rivers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_Heritage_Rivers" title="American Heritage Rivers">American Heritage Rivers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackstone_River" title="Blackstone River">Blackstone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Woonasquatucket_River" title="Woonasquatucket River">Woonasquatucket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_River" title="Connecticut River">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyahoga_River" title="Cuyahoga River">Cuyahoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_River" title="Detroit River">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanalei_River" title="Hanalei River">Hanalei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Lower Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_River_(Kanawha_River)" class="mw-redirect" title="New River (Kanawha River)">New</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rio Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Johns_River" title="St. Johns River">St. Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Upper Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susquehanna_River" title="Susquehanna River">Upper Susquehanna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lackawanna_River" title="Lackawanna River">Lackawanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willamette_River" title="Willamette River">Willamette</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/AHR-logo.png/150px-AHR-logo.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/AHR-logo.png/225px-AHR-logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/AHR-logo.png 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Colorado">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado" title="List of municipalities in Colorado">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Colorado" title="List of museums in Colorado">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_forests_in_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="List of national forests in Colorado">National Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Park_System_areas_in_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Park System areas in Colorado">National Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleontology_in_Colorado" title="Paleontology in Colorado">Paleontology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prehistoric_sites_in_Colorado" title="List of prehistoric sites in Colorado">Prehistoric sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Colorado" title="Prehistory of Colorado">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Colorado" title="List of protected areas of Colorado">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Colorado_railroads" title="List of Colorado railroads">Railroads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Colorado" title="List of rivers of Colorado">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_Colorado" title="History of slavery in Colorado">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statistical_areas_in_Colorado" title="List of statistical areas in Colorado">Statistical areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Colorado_state_symbols" title="List of Colorado state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Colorado_history" title="Timeline of Colorado history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Colorado" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Colorado">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_populated_places_in_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="List of populated places in Colorado">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trails_in_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="List of trails in Colorado">Trails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Colorado" title="Transportation in Colorado">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_wildernesses_in_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="List of national wildernesses in Colorado">Wildernesses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Colorado" title="Abortion in Colorado">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Colorado" title="Crime in Colorado">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado#Culture" title="Colorado">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado#Demographics" title="Colorado">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Colorado" title="Economy of Colorado">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado#Education" title="Colorado">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Colorado" title="Gun laws in Colorado">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Colorado" title="Homelessness in Colorado">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Colorado">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Colorado" title="Politics of Colorado">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado#Religion" title="Colorado">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Colorado" title="Sports in Colorado">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Colorado" title="List of municipalities in Colorado">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alamosa,_Colorado" title="Alamosa, Colorado">Alamosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvada,_Colorado" title="Arvada, Colorado">Arvada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspen,_Colorado" title="Aspen, Colorado">Aspen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora,_Colorado" title="Aurora, Colorado">Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hawk,_Colorado" title="Black Hawk, Colorado">Black Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulder,_Colorado" title="Boulder, Colorado">Boulder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton,_Colorado" title="Brighton, Colorado">Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broomfield,_Colorado" title="Broomfield, Colorado">Broomfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brush,_Colorado" title="Brush, Colorado">Brush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Colorado" title="Burlington, Colorado">Burlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%B1on_City,_Colorado" title="Cañon City, Colorado">Cañon City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Pines,_Colorado" title="Castle Pines, Colorado">Castle Pines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centennial,_Colorado" title="Centennial, Colorado">Centennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_City,_Colorado" title="Central City, Colorado">Central City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Hills_Village,_Colorado" title="Cherry Hills Village, Colorado">Cherry Hills Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Springs,_Colorado" title="Colorado Springs, Colorado">Colorado Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_City,_Colorado" title="Commerce City, Colorado">Commerce City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortez,_Colorado" title="Cortez, Colorado">Cortez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig,_Colorado" title="Craig, Colorado">Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cripple_Creek,_Colorado" title="Cripple Creek, Colorado">Cripple Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacono,_Colorado" title="Dacono, Colorado">Dacono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta,_Colorado" title="Delta, Colorado">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durango,_Colorado" title="Durango, Colorado">Durango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgewater,_Colorado" title="Edgewater, Colorado">Edgewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Englewood,_Colorado" title="Englewood, Colorado">Englewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evans,_Colorado" title="Evans, Colorado">Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Heights,_Colorado" title="Federal Heights, Colorado">Federal Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence,_Colorado" title="Florence, Colorado">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Collins,_Colorado" title="Fort Collins, Colorado">Fort Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lupton,_Colorado" title="Fort Lupton, Colorado">Fort Lupton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Morgan,_Colorado" title="Fort Morgan, Colorado">Fort Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain,_Colorado" title="Fountain, Colorado">Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruita,_Colorado" title="Fruita, Colorado">Fruita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glendale,_Colorado" title="Glendale, Colorado">Glendale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenwood_Springs,_Colorado" title="Glenwood Springs, Colorado">Glenwood Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden,_Colorado" title="Golden, Colorado">Golden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Junction,_Colorado" title="Grand Junction, Colorado">Grand Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeley,_Colorado" title="Greeley, Colorado">Greeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Village,_Colorado" title="Greenwood Village, Colorado">Greenwood Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnison,_Colorado" title="Gunnison, Colorado">Gunnison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holyoke,_Colorado" title="Holyoke, Colorado">Holyoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Springs,_Colorado" title="Idaho Springs, Colorado">Idaho Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Junta,_Colorado" title="La Junta, Colorado">La Junta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette,_Colorado" title="Lafayette, Colorado">Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakewood,_Colorado" title="Lakewood, Colorado">Lakewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamar,_Colorado" title="Lamar, Colorado">Lamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Animas,_Colorado" title="Las Animas, Colorado">Las Animas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadville,_Colorado" title="Leadville, Colorado">Leadville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littleton,_Colorado" title="Littleton, Colorado">Littleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lone_Tree,_Colorado" title="Lone Tree, Colorado">Lone Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longmont,_Colorado" title="Longmont, Colorado">Longmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Colorado" title="Louisville, Colorado">Louisville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loveland,_Colorado" title="Loveland, Colorado">Loveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manitou_Springs,_Colorado" title="Manitou Springs, Colorado">Manitou Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Vista,_Colorado" title="Monte Vista, Colorado">Monte Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montrose,_Colorado" title="Montrose, Colorado">Montrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northglenn,_Colorado" title="Northglenn, Colorado">Northglenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouray,_Colorado" title="Ouray, Colorado">Ouray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo,_Colorado" title="Pueblo, Colorado">Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifle,_Colorado" title="Rifle, Colorado">Rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Ford,_Colorado" title="Rocky Ford, Colorado">Rocky Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salida,_Colorado" title="Salida, Colorado">Salida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheridan,_Colorado" title="Sheridan, Colorado">Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steamboat_Springs,_Colorado" title="Steamboat Springs, Colorado">Steamboat Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling,_Colorado" title="Sterling, Colorado">Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thornton,_Colorado" title="Thornton, Colorado">Thornton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad,_Colorado" title="Trinidad, Colorado">Trinidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor,_Colorado" title="Victor, Colorado">Victor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walsenburg,_Colorado" title="Walsenburg, Colorado">Walsenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster,_Colorado" title="Westminster, Colorado">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_Ridge,_Colorado" title="Wheat Ridge, Colorado">Wheat Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodland_Park,_Colorado" title="Woodland Park, Colorado">Woodland Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wray,_Colorado" title="Wray, Colorado">Wray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuma,_Colorado" title="Yuma, Colorado">Yuma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Colorado" title="List of counties in Colorado">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adams_County,_Colorado" title="Adams County, Colorado">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamosa_County,_Colorado" title="Alamosa County, Colorado">Alamosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arapahoe_County,_Colorado" title="Arapahoe County, Colorado">Arapahoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archuleta_County,_Colorado" title="Archuleta County, Colorado">Archuleta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baca_County,_Colorado" title="Baca County, Colorado">Baca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bent_County,_Colorado" title="Bent County, Colorado">Bent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulder_County,_Colorado" title="Boulder County, Colorado">Boulder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broomfield,_Colorado" title="Broomfield, Colorado">Broomfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaffee_County,_Colorado" title="Chaffee County, Colorado">Chaffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyenne_County,_Colorado" title="Cheyenne County, Colorado">Cheyenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Creek_County,_Colorado" title="Clear Creek County, Colorado">Clear Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conejos_County,_Colorado" title="Conejos County, Colorado">Conejos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costilla_County,_Colorado" title="Costilla County, Colorado">Costilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowley_County,_Colorado" title="Crowley County, Colorado">Crowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custer_County,_Colorado" title="Custer County, Colorado">Custer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_County,_Colorado" title="Delta County, Colorado">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolores_County,_Colorado" title="Dolores County, Colorado">Dolores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_County,_Colorado" title="Douglas County, Colorado">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_County,_Colorado" title="Eagle County, Colorado">Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso_County,_Colorado" title="El Paso County, Colorado">El Paso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbert_County,_Colorado" title="Elbert County, Colorado">Elbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremont_County,_Colorado" title="Fremont County, Colorado">Fremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garfield_County,_Colorado" title="Garfield County, Colorado">Garfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilpin_County,_Colorado" title="Gilpin County, Colorado">Gilpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_County,_Colorado" title="Grand County, Colorado">Grand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnison_County,_Colorado" title="Gunnison County, Colorado">Gunnison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinsdale_County,_Colorado" title="Hinsdale County, Colorado">Hinsdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huerfano_County,_Colorado" title="Huerfano County, Colorado">Huerfano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Colorado" title="Jackson County, Colorado">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Colorado" title="Jefferson County, Colorado">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiowa_County,_Colorado" title="Kiowa County, Colorado">Kiowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit_Carson_County,_Colorado" title="Kit Carson County, Colorado">Kit Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Plata_County,_Colorado" title="La Plata County, Colorado">La Plata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_County,_Colorado" title="Lake County, Colorado">Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larimer_County,_Colorado" title="Larimer County, Colorado">Larimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Animas_County,_Colorado" title="Las Animas County, Colorado">Las Animas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County,_Colorado" title="Lincoln County, Colorado">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan_County,_Colorado" title="Logan County, Colorado">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesa_County,_Colorado" title="Mesa County, Colorado">Mesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_County,_Colorado" title="Mineral County, Colorado">Mineral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moffat_County,_Colorado" title="Moffat County, Colorado">Moffat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montezuma_County,_Colorado" title="Montezuma County, Colorado">Montezuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montrose_County,_Colorado" title="Montrose County, Colorado">Montrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_County,_Colorado" title="Morgan County, Colorado">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otero_County,_Colorado" title="Otero County, Colorado">Otero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouray_County,_Colorado" title="Ouray County, Colorado">Ouray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_County,_Colorado" title="Park County, Colorado">Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillips_County,_Colorado" title="Phillips County, Colorado">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitkin_County,_Colorado" title="Pitkin County, Colorado">Pitkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prowers_County,_Colorado" title="Prowers County, Colorado">Prowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_County,_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Pueblo County, Colorado">Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Blanco_County,_Colorado" title="Rio Blanco County, Colorado">Rio Blanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_County,_Colorado" title="Rio Grande County, Colorado">Rio Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Routt_County,_Colorado" title="Routt County, Colorado">Routt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saguache_County,_Colorado" title="Saguache County, Colorado">Saguache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_County,_Colorado" title="San Juan County, Colorado">San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_County,_Colorado" title="San Miguel County, Colorado">San Miguel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedgwick_County,_Colorado" title="Sedgwick County, Colorado">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summit_County,_Colorado" title="Summit County, Colorado">Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teller_County,_Colorado" title="Teller County, Colorado">Teller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Colorado" title="Washington County, Colorado">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weld_County,_Colorado" title="Weld County, Colorado">Weld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuma_County,_Colorado" title="Yuma County, Colorado">Yuma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#Colorado" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Colorado" title="Central Colorado">Central Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Plains" title="Eastern Plains">Eastern Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Mineral_Belt" title="Colorado Mineral Belt">Colorado Mineral Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Piedmont" title="Colorado Piedmont">Colorado Piedmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Plateau" title="Colorado Plateau">Colorado Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Western_Slope" title="Colorado Western Slope">Colorado Western Slope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver_metropolitan_area" title="Denver metropolitan area">Denver Metropolitan Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Corners" title="Four Corners">Four Corners Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_Range_Urban_Corridor" class="mw-redirect" title="Front Range Urban Corridor">Front Range Urban Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Plains_(United_States)" title="High Plains (United States)">High Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Central_Colorado_Urban_Area" title="North Central Colorado Urban Area">North Central Colorado Urban Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Colorado" title="Northwestern Colorado">Northwestern Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Valley" title="San Luis Valley">San Luis Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South-Central_Colorado" title="South-Central Colorado">South-Central Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Central_Colorado_Urban_Area" title="South Central Colorado Urban Area">South Central Colorado Urban Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Rocky_Mountains" title="Southern Rocky Mountains">Southern Rocky Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Colorado" title="Southwest Colorado">Southwest Colorado</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Colorado.svg/32px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Colorado.svg/48px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Colorado.svg/64px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Colorado" title="Portal:Colorado">Colorado portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_New_Mexico" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#E7D9A9;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Mexico" title="Template:New Mexico"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Mexico" title="Template talk:New Mexico"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Mexico" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Mexico"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_New_Mexico" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#E7D9A9;"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#E7D9A9;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_New_Mexico" title="Outline of New Mexico">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_New_Mexico-related_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Index of New Mexico-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_New_Mexico" title="List of census-designated places in New Mexico">Census-designated places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_cuisine" title="New Mexican cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bizcochito" title="Bizcochito">Bizcochito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_chile" title="New Mexico chile">Chile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico#Culture" title="New Mexico">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_New_Mexico" title="United States congressional delegations from New Mexico">Delegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico#Geography" title="New Mexico">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_Mexico" title="Government of New Mexico">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Mexico" title="History of New Mexico">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_de_Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico" title="Santa Fe de Nuevo México">Nuevo México</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory" title="New Mexico Territory">Territory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Landmarks_in_New_Mexico" title="Category:Landmarks in New Mexico">Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_in_New_Mexico" title="Category:Military in New Mexico">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_National_Guard" title="New Mexico National Guard">National Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="New Mexico Campaign">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_during_World_War_II" title="New Mexico during World War II">World War II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Mexico" title="Music of New Mexico">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_music" title="New Mexico music">New Mexico music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_New_Mexico" title="List of people from New Mexico">New Mexicans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanos_of_New_Mexico" title="Hispanos of New Mexico">Hispanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Native_American_tribes_in_New_Mexico" title="Category:Native American tribes in New Mexico">Pueblos and Tribes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleontology_in_New_Mexico" title="Paleontology in New Mexico">Paleontology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Mexico_state_symbols" title="List of New Mexico state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_New_Mexico" title="Category:Tourist attractions in New Mexico">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico#Transportation" title="New Mexico">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#E7D9A9;;width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_New_Mexico" title="Abortion in New Mexico">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_New_Mexico" title="Climate change in New Mexico">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_New_Mexico" title="Crime in New Mexico">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico#Demographics" title="New Mexico">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_Mexico" title="Economy of New Mexico">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico#Education" title="New Mexico">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_Mexico" title="Elections in New Mexico">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_New_Mexico" title="Gun laws in New Mexico">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_New_Mexico" title="Homelessness in New Mexico">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_New_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in New Mexico">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_literature" title="New Mexican literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico#Politics" title="New Mexico">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#E7D9A9;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#New_Mexico" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madrean_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrean Region">Apachian zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_New_Mexico" title="Central New Mexico">Central New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicoma_Mountain" title="Chicoma Mountain">Chicoma Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chihuahuan_Desert" title="Chihuahuan Desert">Chihuahuan Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Plateau" title="Colorado Plateau">Colorado Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_New_Mexico" title="Eastern New Mexico">Eastern New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llano_Estacado" title="Llano Estacado">Llano Estacado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzano_Mountains" title="Manzano Mountains">Manzano Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogollon_Plateau" title="Mogollon Plateau">Mogollon Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_New_Mexico" title="Northern New Mexico">Northern New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permian_Basin_(North_America)" title="Permian Basin (North America)">Permian Basin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rio Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Basin" title="San Juan Basin">San Juan Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Valley" title="San Luis Valley">San Luis Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandia_Mountains" title="Sandia Mountains">Sandia Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortgrass_prairie" title="Shortgrass prairie">Shortgrass prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangre_de_Cristo_Mountains" title="Sangre de Cristo Mountains">Sangre de Cristo Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wheeler_Peak_(New_Mexico)" title="Wheeler Peak (New Mexico)">Wheeler Peak</a> (highest point)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_New_Mexico" title="Southwestern New Mexico">Southwestern New Mexico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#E7D9A9;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_New_Mexico" title="List of municipalities in New Mexico">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alamogordo,_New_Mexico" title="Alamogordo, New Mexico">Alamogordo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque</a> (<a href="/wiki/Albuquerque_metropolitan_area" title="Albuquerque metropolitan area">Metropolitan Area</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec,_New_Mexico" title="Aztec, New Mexico">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artesia,_New_Mexico" title="Artesia, New Mexico">Artesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomfield,_New_Mexico" title="Bloomfield, New Mexico">Bloomfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlsbad,_New_Mexico" title="Carlsbad, New Mexico">Carlsbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis,_New_Mexico" title="Clovis, New Mexico">Clovis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrales,_New_Mexico" title="Corrales, New Mexico">Corrales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deming,_New_Mexico" title="Deming, New Mexico">Deming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espa%C3%B1ola,_New_Mexico" title="Española, New Mexico">Española</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmington,_New_Mexico" title="Farmington, New Mexico">Farmington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallup,_New_Mexico" title="Gallup, New Mexico">Gallup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grants,_New_Mexico" title="Grants, New Mexico">Grants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobbs,_New_Mexico" title="Hobbs, New Mexico">Hobbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirtland,_New_Mexico" title="Kirtland, New Mexico">Kirtland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Cruces,_New_Mexico" title="Las Cruces, New Mexico">Las Cruces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas,_New_Mexico" title="Las Vegas, New Mexico">Las Vegas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos,_New_Mexico" title="Los Alamos, New Mexico">Los Alamos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Lunas,_New_Mexico" title="Los Lunas, New Mexico">Los Lunas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovington,_New_Mexico" title="Lovington, New Mexico">Lovington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portales,_New_Mexico" title="Portales, New Mexico">Portales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raton,_New_Mexico" title="Raton, New Mexico">Raton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Rancho,_New_Mexico" title="Rio Rancho, New Mexico">Rio Rancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roswell,_New_Mexico" title="Roswell, New Mexico">Roswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruidoso,_New_Mexico" title="Ruidoso, New Mexico">Ruidoso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_City,_New_Mexico" title="Silver City, New Mexico">Silver City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socorro,_New_Mexico" title="Socorro, New Mexico">Socorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunland_Park,_New_Mexico" title="Sunland Park, New Mexico">Sunland Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taos,_New_Mexico" title="Taos, New Mexico">Taos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucumcari,_New_Mexico" title="Tucumcari, New Mexico">Tucumcari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#E7D9A9;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_New_Mexico" title="List of counties in New Mexico">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>See: <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_New_Mexico" title="List of counties in New Mexico">List of counties in New Mexico</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernalillo_County,_New_Mexico" title="Bernalillo County, New Mexico">Bernalillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catron_County,_New_Mexico" title="Catron County, New Mexico">Catron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaves_County,_New_Mexico" title="Chaves County, New Mexico">Chaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cibola_County,_New_Mexico" title="Cibola County, New Mexico">Cibola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colfax_County,_New_Mexico" title="Colfax County, New Mexico">Colfax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_County,_New_Mexico" title="Curry County, New Mexico">Curry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Baca_County,_New_Mexico" title="De Baca County, New Mexico">De Baca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do%C3%B1a_Ana_County,_New_Mexico" title="Doña Ana County, New Mexico">Doña Ana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_County,_New_Mexico" title="Eddy County, New Mexico">Eddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_County,_New_Mexico" title="Grant County, New Mexico">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_County,_New_Mexico" title="Guadalupe County, New Mexico">Guadalupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harding_County,_New_Mexico" title="Harding County, New Mexico">Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidalgo_County,_New_Mexico" title="Hidalgo County, New Mexico">Hidalgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lea_County,_New_Mexico" title="Lea County, New Mexico">Lea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County,_New_Mexico" title="Lincoln County, New Mexico">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_County,_New_Mexico" title="Los Alamos County, New Mexico">Los Alamos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_County,_New_Mexico" title="Luna County, New Mexico">Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McKinley_County,_New_Mexico" title="McKinley County, New Mexico">McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mora_County,_New_Mexico" title="Mora County, New Mexico">Mora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otero_County,_New_Mexico" title="Otero County, New Mexico">Otero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quay_County,_New_Mexico" title="Quay County, New Mexico">Quay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Arriba_County,_New_Mexico" title="Rio Arriba County, New Mexico">Rio Arriba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_County,_New_Mexico" title="Roosevelt County, New Mexico">Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_County,_New_Mexico" title="San Juan County, New Mexico">San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_County,_New_Mexico" title="San Miguel County, New Mexico">San Miguel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandoval_County,_New_Mexico" title="Sandoval County, New Mexico">Sandoval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_County,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe County, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_County,_New_Mexico" title="Sierra County, New Mexico">Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socorro_County,_New_Mexico" title="Socorro County, New Mexico">Socorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taos_County,_New_Mexico" title="Taos County, New Mexico">Taos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrance_County,_New_Mexico" title="Torrance County, New Mexico">Torrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_County,_New_Mexico" title="Union County, New Mexico">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencia_County,_New_Mexico" title="Valencia County, New Mexico">Valencia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#E7D9A9;"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg/48px-Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg/64px-Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_Mexico" title="Portal:New Mexico">New Mexico portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="24px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Texas&#124;link=Texas_Waters_of_Texas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Waters_of_Texas" title="Template:Waters of Texas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Waters_of_Texas" title="Template talk:Waters of Texas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Waters_of_Texas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Waters of Texas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="24px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Texas&#124;link=Texas_Waters_of_Texas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas"><img alt="Texas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/24px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/36px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/48px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Waters of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bays and estuaries<br /><small>of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alazan_Bay" title="Alazan Bay">Alazan Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aransas_Bay" title="Aransas Bay">Aransas Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baffin_Bay_(Texas)" title="Baffin Bay (Texas)">Baffin Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carancahua_Bay" title="Carancahua Bay">Carancahua Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Bay_(Texas)" title="Christmas Bay (Texas)">Christmas Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copano_Bay" title="Copano Bay">Copano Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi_Bay" title="Corpus Christi Bay">Corpus Christi Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dickinson_Bay_(Texas)" title="Dickinson Bay (Texas)">Dickinson Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bay_(Texas)" title="East Bay (Texas)">East Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Matagorda_Bay" title="East Matagorda Bay">East Matagorda Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espiritu_Santo_Bay" title="Espiritu Santo Bay">Espiritu Santo Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galveston_Bay" title="Galveston Bay">Galveston Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_Bay" title="Guadalupe Bay">Guadalupe Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laguna_Madre_(United_States)" title="Laguna Madre (United States)">Laguna Madre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavaca_Bay" title="Lavaca Bay">Lavaca Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matagorda_Bay" title="Matagorda Bay">Matagorda Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueces_Bay" title="Nueces Bay">Nueces Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oso_Bay" title="Oso Bay">Oso Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redfish_Bay" title="Redfish Bay">Redfish Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabine_Lake" title="Sabine Lake">Sabine Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_Bay" title="San Antonio Bay">San Antonio Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bay_(Texas)" title="South Bay (Texas)">South Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles_Bay" title="St. Charles Bay">St. Charles Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tres_Palacios_Bay" title="Tres Palacios Bay">Tres Palacios Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Bay_(Texas)" title="Trinity Bay (Texas)">Trinity Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bay_(Texas)" title="West Bay (Texas)">West Bay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Channels and canals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acequia_Madre_de_Valero_(San_Antonio)" title="Acequia Madre de Valero (San Antonio)">Acequia Madre de Valero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Canal" title="American Canal">American Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aransas_Pass" title="Aransas Pass">Aransas Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivar_Roads_(Texas)" title="Bolivar Roads (Texas)">Bolivar Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazos_Santiago_Pass_(Texas)" title="Brazos Santiago Pass (Texas)">Brazos Santiago Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Bayou" title="Cedar Bayou">Cedar Bayou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Canal_(Texas)" title="Franklin Canal (Texas)">Franklin Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Intracoastal_Waterway" title="Gulf Intracoastal Waterway">Gulf Intracoastal Waterway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Ship_Channel" title="Houston Ship Channel">Houston Ship Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matagorda_Ship_Channel" title="Matagorda Ship Channel">Matagorda Ship Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pass_Cavallo_(Texas)" title="Pass Cavallo (Texas)">Pass Cavallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Mansfield_Channel" title="Port Mansfield Channel">Port Mansfield Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_Canal_(El_Paso)" title="Riverside Canal (El Paso)">Riverside Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabine_Pass" title="Sabine Pass">Sabine Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabine%E2%80%93Neches_Waterway" title="Sabine–Neches Waterway">Sabine–Neches Waterway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Pass_(Galveston_Island)" title="San Luis Pass (Galveston Island)">San Luis Pass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Texas" title="List of lakes of Texas">Lakes and reservoirs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amistad_Reservoir" title="Amistad Reservoir">Amistad Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caddo_Lake" title="Caddo Lake">Caddo Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyon_Lake_(Texas)" title="Canyon Lake (Texas)">Canyon Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Creek_Reservoir_(Texas)" title="Cedar Creek Reservoir (Texas)">Cedar Creek Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choke_Canyon_Reservoir" title="Choke Canyon Reservoir">Choke Canyon Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_International_Reservoir" title="Falcon International Reservoir">Falcon International Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inks_Lake" title="Inks Lake">Inks Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Lake" title="Lady Bird Lake">Lady Bird Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavon_Lake" title="Lavon Lake">Lavon Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Austin" title="Lake Austin">Lake Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Bardwell" title="Lake Bardwell">Lake Bardwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Buchanan_(Texas)" title="Lake Buchanan (Texas)">Lake Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Conroe" title="Lake Conroe">Lake Conroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Corpus_Christi" title="Lake Corpus Christi">Lake Corpus Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Ray_Hubbard" title="Lake Ray Hubbard">Lake Ray Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Ray_Roberts" title="Lake Ray Roberts">Lake Ray Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_LBJ" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake LBJ">Lake LBJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Livingston" title="Lake Livingston">Lake Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Marble_Falls" title="Lake Marble Falls">Lake Marble Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Meredith" title="Lake Meredith">Lake Meredith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tawakoni" title="Lake Tawakoni">Lake Tawakoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Texoma" title="Lake Texoma">Lake Texoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Travis" title="Lake Travis">Lake Travis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewisville_Lake" title="Lewisville Lake">Lewisville Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richland-Chambers_Reservoir" title="Richland-Chambers Reservoir">Richland-Chambers Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn_Reservoir" title="Sam Rayburn Reservoir">Sam Rayburn Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo_Bend_Reservoir" title="Toledo Bend Reservoir">Toledo Bend Reservoir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Texas" title="List of rivers of Texas">Rivers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angelina_River" title="Angelina River">Angelina River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanco_River_(Texas)" title="Blanco River (Texas)">Blanco River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosque_River" title="Bosque River">Bosque River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazos_River" title="Brazos River">Brazos River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Bayou" title="Buffalo Bayou">Buffalo Bayou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_(Texas)" title="Colorado River (Texas)">Colorado River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concho_River" title="Concho River">Concho River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_River" title="Canadian River">Canadian River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_River_(Texas)" title="Guadalupe River (Texas)">Guadalupe River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_River_(Texas)" title="James River (Texas)">James River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampasas_River" title="Lampasas River">Lampasas River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavaca_River" title="Lavaca River">Lavaca River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_River" title="Leon River">Leon River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_River_(Texas)" title="Little River (Texas)">Little River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llano_River" title="Llano River">Llano River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navidad_River" title="Navidad River">Navidad River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neches_River" title="Neches River">Neches River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nolan_River" title="Nolan River">Nolan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueces_River" title="Nueces River">Nueces River</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frio_River" title="Frio River">Frio River</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paluxy_River" title="Paluxy River">Paluxy River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pease_River" title="Pease River">Pease River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedernales_River" title="Pedernales River">Pedernales River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_Dog_Town_Fork_Red_River" title="Prairie Dog Town Fork Red River">Prairie Dog Town Fork Red River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_of_the_South" title="Red River of the South">Red River</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rio Grande</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devils_River_(Texas)" title="Devils River (Texas)">Devils River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecos_River" title="Pecos River">Pecos River</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabine_River_(Texas%E2%80%93Louisiana)" title="Sabine River (Texas–Louisiana)">Sabine River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_River" title="San Antonio River">San Antonio River</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medina_River" title="Medina River">Medina River</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bernard_River" title="San Bernard River">San Bernard River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_River_(Texas)" title="San Gabriel River (Texas)">San Gabriel River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto_River_(Texas)" title="San Jacinto River (Texas)">San Jacinto River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marcos_River" title="San Marcos River">San Marcos River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Saba_River" title="San Saba River">San Saba River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulphur_River" title="Sulphur River">Sulphur River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_River_(Texas)" title="Trinity River (Texas)">Trinity River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita_River" title="Wichita River">Wichita River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_River_(Texas)" title="White River (Texas)">White River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wetlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Cypress_Bayou" title="Big Cypress Bayou">Big Cypress Bayou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cow_Bayou" title="Cow Bayou">Cow Bayou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottine_wetlands" title="Ottine wetlands">Ottine wetlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rincon_Bayou" title="Rincon Bayou">Rincon Bayou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Valley_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio Grande Valley (Texas)">Rio Grande Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160636#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160636#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160636#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/123143494">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1241209/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4117032-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85114156">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12010421q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12010421q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Rio Grande (Mexický záliv : řeka)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge432095&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987011433526905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10046877">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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Brewster County, Texas">Bodies of water of Brewster County, Texas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bodies_of_water_of_Terrell_County,_Texas" title="Category:Bodies of water of Terrell County, Texas">Bodies of water of Terrell County, Texas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Val_Verde_County,_Texas" title="Category:Rivers of Val Verde County, Texas">Rivers of Val Verde County, Texas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Kinney_County,_Texas" title="Category:Rivers of Kinney County, Texas">Rivers of Kinney County, Texas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bodies_of_water_of_Maverick_County,_Texas" title="Category:Bodies of water of Maverick County, Texas">Bodies of water of Maverick County, Texas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bodies_of_water_of_Webb_County,_Texas" title="Category:Bodies of water of Webb County, Texas">Bodies of water of Webb County, Texas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bodies_of_water_of_Zapata_County,_Texas" title="Category:Bodies of water of Zapata County, Texas">Bodies of water of Zapata County, Texas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bodies_of_water_of_Starr_County,_Texas" title="Category:Bodies of water of Starr County, Texas">Bodies of water of Starr County, Texas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bodies_of_water_of_Cameron_County,_Texas" title="Category:Bodies of water of Cameron County, Texas">Bodies of water of Cameron County, Texas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Do%C3%B1a_Ana_County,_New_Mexico" title="Category:Rivers of Doña Ana County, New Mexico">Rivers of Doña Ana County, New Mexico</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Sierra_County,_New_Mexico" title="Category:Rivers of Sierra County, New Mexico">Rivers of Sierra County, New Mexico</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Rio_Arriba_County,_New_Mexico" title="Category:Rivers of Rio Arriba County, New Mexico">Rivers of Rio Arriba County, New Mexico</a></li><li><a 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