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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Ostatnie zmiany</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="wolna encyklopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-pl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Szukaj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Szukaj</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" aria-label="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Specjalna:Szukaj"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Szukaj</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Narzędzia osobiste"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Zmień rozmiar czcionki, szerokość oraz kolorystykę strony" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wygląd" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wygląd</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=pl.wikipedia.org&uselang=pl" class=""><span>Wspomóż Wikipedię</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Utw%C3%B3rz_konto&returnto=Podpis" title="Zachęcamy do stworzenia konta i zalogowania, ale nie jest to obowiązkowe." class=""><span>Utwórz konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=Podpis" title="Zachęcamy do zalogowania się, choć nie jest to obowiązkowe. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Zaloguj się</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Więcej opcji" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia osobiste" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia osobiste</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu użytkownika" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=pl.wikipedia.org&uselang=pl"><span>Wspomóż Wikipedię</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Utw%C3%B3rz_konto&returnto=Podpis" title="Zachęcamy do stworzenia konta i zalogowania, ale nie jest to obowiązkowe."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Utwórz konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=Podpis" title="Zachęcamy do zalogowania się, choć nie jest to obowiązkowe. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Formy_zastępcze_podpisu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formy_zastępcze_podpisu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Formy zastępcze podpisu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formy_zastępcze_podpisu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Spis treści" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Podpis</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 66 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%B9" title="توقيع – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توقيع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0mza" title="İmza – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İmza" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%B0_(%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%B0)" title="স্বাক্ষর (হস্তাক্ষর) – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্বাক্ষর (হস্তাক্ষর)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A4" title="दसखत – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="दसखत" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Подпис – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Подпис" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signatura" title="Signatura – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Signatura" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podpis" title="Podpis – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Podpis" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llofnod" title="Llofnod – walijski" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llofnod" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signatur" title="Signatur – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Signatur" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unterschrift" title="Unterschrift – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Unterschrift" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allkiri" title="Allkiri – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Allkiri" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signature" title="Signature – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Signature" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firma" title="Firma – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Firma" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subskribo" title="Subskribo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Subskribo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinadura" title="Sinadura – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sinadura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%A7" title="امضا – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="امضا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signature" title="Signature – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Signature" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinatura" title="Sinatura – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sinatura" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%B9%E0%AB%80_(%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%B0)" title="સહી (હસ્તાક્ષર) – gudżarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સહી (હસ્તાક્ષર)" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudżarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EB%AA%85" title="서명 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="서명" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ստորագրություն – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ստորագրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B0" title="हस्ताक्षर – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हस्ताक्षर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potpis" title="Potpis – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Potpis" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signaturo" title="Signaturo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Signaturo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanda_tangan" title="Tanda tangan – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tanda tangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firma" title="Firma – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Firma" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%94" title="חתימה – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חתימה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%81" title="ರುಜು – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರುಜು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Сигнатура – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сигнатура" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahihi" title="Sahihi – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sahihi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subscriptio" title="Subscriptio – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Subscriptio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraksts" title="Paraksts – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Paraksts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signatur" title="Signatur – luksemburski" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Signatur" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kot%C3%ADya_mab%C9%94%CC%81k%C9%94" title="Kotíya mabɔ́kɔ – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Kotíya mabɔ́kɔ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="स्वाक्षरी – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="स्वाक्षरी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandatangan" title="Tandatangan – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tandatangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%91%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9C%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="ထိုးမြဲလက်မှတ် – birmański" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ထိုးမြဲလက်မှတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handtekening" title="Handtekening – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Handtekening" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%83%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82" title="ल्हाःचिं – newarski" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ल्हाःचिं" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%B2%E5%90%8D" title="署名 – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="署名" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signatur_(navnetrekk)" title="Signatur (navnetrekk) – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Signatur (navnetrekk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namnetrekk" title="Namnetrekk – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Namnetrekk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A4" title="ਦਸਤਖ਼ਤ – pendżabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦਸਤਖ਼ਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendżabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B7" title="دستخط – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دستخط" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assinatura" title="Assinatura – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Assinatura" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silq%27uy" title="Silq'uy – keczua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Silq'uy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="keczua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Подпись – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Подпись" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%ABnshkrimi" title="Nënshkrimi – albański" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nënshkrimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signature" title="Signature – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Signature" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B7" title="دستخط – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="دستخط" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podpis" title="Podpis – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Podpis" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Потпис – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Потпис" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allekirjoitus" title="Allekirjoitus – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Allekirjoitus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கையொப்பம் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கையொப்பம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="సంతకము – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సంతకము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD" title="ลายมือชื่อ – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลายมือชื่อ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B7%D0%BE" title="Имзо – tadżycki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Имзо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadżycki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0mza" title="İmza – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İmza" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyeibwak" title="Tyeibwak – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Tyeibwak" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Підпис – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Підпис" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B7" title="دستخط – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دستخط" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_k%C3%BD" title="Chữ ký – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chữ ký" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin%C3%A9_(scr%C3%AEt)" title="Siné (scrît) – waloński" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Siné (scrît)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="waloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AD%BE%E5%90%8D" title="签名 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="签名" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B0%BD%E5%90%8D" title="簽名 – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="簽名" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AD%BE%E5%90%8D" title="签名 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="签名" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q188675#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Podpis" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artykuł</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dyskusja:Podpis" rel="discussion" title="Dyskusja o 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id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Podpis&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Podpis&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Podpis&action=history"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ogólne </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Linkuj%C4%85ce/Podpis" title="Pokaż listę wszystkich stron linkujących do tej strony [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Linkujące</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Zmiany_w_linkowanych/Podpis" rel="nofollow" title="Ostatnie zmiany w stronach, do których ta strona linkuje [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Zmiany w linkowanych</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Prześlij_plik" title="Prześlij pliki [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Prześlij plik</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Podpis&oldid=67968346" title="Stały link do tej wersji tej strony"><span>Link do tej wersji</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Podpis&action=info" title="Więcej informacji na temat tej strony"><span>Informacje o tej stronie</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Cytuj&page=Podpis&id=67968346&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacja o tym jak należy cytować tę stronę"><span>Cytowanie tego artykułu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Skr%C3%B3%C4%87_adres_URL&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPodpis"><span>Zobacz skrócony adres URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Kod_QR&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPodpis"><span>Pobierz kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Drukuj lub eksportuj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Podpis"><span>Utwórz książkę</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:DownloadAsPdf&page=Podpis&action=show-download-screen"><span>Pobierz jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Podpis&printable=yes" title="Wersja do wydruku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Wersja do druku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> W innych projektach </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Signatures" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q188675" title="Link do powiązanego elementu w repozytorium danych [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidanych</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Wygląd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Autograph_of_Benjamin_Franklin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Podpis Benjamina Franklina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Autograph_of_Benjamin_Franklin.svg/220px-Autograph_of_Benjamin_Franklin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Autograph_of_Benjamin_Franklin.svg/330px-Autograph_of_Benjamin_Franklin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Autograph_of_Benjamin_Franklin.svg/440px-Autograph_of_Benjamin_Franklin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="419" /></a><figcaption>Podpis <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamina Franklina</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Podpis</b> – językowy znak graficzny utrwalony w <a href="/wiki/Dokument" title="Dokument">dokumencie</a> własnoręcznie postawiony przez składającego, świadczenie wskazuje <a href="/wiki/Imi%C4%99" title="Imię">imię</a> i <a href="/wiki/Nazwisko" title="Nazwisko">nazwisko</a>, przezwisko lub zwykły znak „X” podpisującego, który umożliwia jego identyfikację, a jeżeli jego identyfikacji można dokonać w inny sposób (np. karta wzorów podpisów) – dopuszczalna jest forma skrócona. </p><p>Podpis umieszcza się pod tekstem <a href="/wiki/O%C5%9Bwiadczenie_woli" title="Oświadczenie woli">oświadczenia woli</a>. Wszystko to, co znajduje się poniżej podpisu nie jest objęte oświadczeniem. </p><p>Podpis może też pełnić rolę <a href="/wiki/Piecz%C4%99%C4%87" title="Pieczęć">pieczęci</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formy_zastępcze_podpisu"><span id="Formy_zast.C4.99pcze_podpisu"></span>Formy zastępcze podpisu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Podpis&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Formy zastępcze podpisu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Podpis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Formy zastępcze podpisu"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Formy zastępcze podpisu – nie mają cech podpisu, nie są podpisem, ale wywołują skutki prawne przewidziane dla podpisu: </p> <ul><li>osoba niemogąca pisać, ale mogąca czytać może zamiast podpisu: <ul><li>uczynić tuszowy odcisk własnego <a href="/wiki/Palec_r%C4%99ki" title="Palec ręki">palca</a> (obok tego odcisku osoba trzecia wypisze jej imię i nazwisko oraz się podpisze);</li> <li>zamiast składającego oświadczenie może podpisać się inna osoba, z tym, że jej podpis musi być poświadczony przez: <a href="/wiki/Notariusz" title="Notariusz">notariusza</a>, <a href="/wiki/W%C3%B3jt" title="Wójt">wójta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Starosta" title="Starosta">starosty</a> lub <a href="/wiki/Marsza%C5%82ek_wojew%C3%B3dztwa" title="Marszałek województwa">marszałka województwa</a> z zaznaczeniem, że został złożony na życzenie osoby niemogącej pisać a mogącej czytać;</li></ul></li> <li>osoby pełniące urzędy, posiadające natłok korespondencji i dokumentów do podpisania mogą używać <a href="/wiki/Faksymile" title="Faksymile">faksymile</a>.</li></ul> <p>Przed 16 kwietnia 2010 r. osoba niemogąca czytać przy sporządzaniu oświadczenia woli w formie pisemnej mogła się posłużyć tylko <a href="/wiki/Akt_notarialny" title="Akt notarialny">aktem notarialnym</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Podpis&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Podpis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Bibliografia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zbigniew_Radwa%C5%84ski" title="Zbigniew Radwański">Radwański Z.</a>, <i>Prawo cywilne – część ogólna</i>, Warszawa 2007.</li></ul> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r75675918">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid 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.navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}</style><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka" title="Szablon:Książka"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Książka (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption">Książka</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Typ</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Druki_nowsze" title="Druki nowsze">druki nowsze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inkunabu%C5%82" title="Inkunabuł">inkunabuł</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%99kopis" title="Rękopis">rękopis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starodruk" title="Starodruk">stare druki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-book" title="E-book">e-book</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Forma</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kodeks_(ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka)" title="Kodeks (książka)">kodeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maszynopis" title="Maszynopis">maszynopis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotulus" title="Rotulus">rotulus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabliczka_woskowa" title="Tabliczka woskowa">tabliczki woskowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolumin_(bibliotekoznawstwo)" title="Wolumin (bibliotekoznawstwo)">wolumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zw%C3%B3j" title="Zwój">zwój</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a3"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Produkcja</th><td class="navbox-list spis"><table class="inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a3_1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Materiały</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Substancje_barwi%C4%85ce" title="Substancje barwiące">barwnik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cera_pergaminowa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cera pergaminowa (strona nie istnieje)">cera pergaminowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galas" title="Galas">galas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kora_brzozowa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kora brzozowa (strona nie istnieje)">kora brzozowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palimpsest_(pi%C5%9Bmiennictwo)" title="Palimpsest (piśmiennictwo)">palimpsest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papier" title="Papier">papier</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papier_welinowy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papier welinowy (strona nie istnieje)">papier welinowy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papirus" title="Papirus">papirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pergamin" title="Pergamin">pergamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabliczka_woskowa" title="Tabliczka woskowa">tabliczki woskowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapa_(tkanina)" title="Tapa (tkanina)">tapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welin" title="Welin">welin</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a3_2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Narzędzia</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <dl><dt>pisarskie</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Atrament" title="Atrament">atrament</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/D%C5%82ugopis" title="Długopis">długopis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/P%C4%99dzel_pisarski" title="Pędzel pisarski">pędzel pisarski</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/G%C4%99sie_pi%C3%B3ro" title="Gęsie pióro">pióro</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rylec_(narz%C4%99dzie)" title="Rylec (narzędzie)">rylec</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rysik" title="Rysik">rysik</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Skrobak" title="Skrobak">skrobak</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tusz_(farba)" title="Tusz (farba)">tusz</a></dd> <dt>drukarskie</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maszyna_drukarska" title="Maszyna drukarska">prasa drukarska</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pulpa" title="Pulpa">pulpa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sito" title="Sito">sito</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tusz_(farba)" title="Tusz (farba)">tusz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Woda_wapienna" title="Woda wapienna">woda wapienna</a></dd> <dt>introligatorskie</dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fileta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fileta (strona nie istnieje)">fileta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plakieta" title="Plakieta">plakieta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Punca" title="Punca">punca</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rade%C5%82ko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radełko (strona nie istnieje)">radełko</a></dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr class="a4"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Budowa</th><td class="navbox-list spis"><table class="inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a4_1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Oprawa</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blok_ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blok książki (strona nie istnieje)">blok książki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapita%C5%82ka" title="Kapitałka">kapitałka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katenat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katenat (strona nie istnieje)">katenat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ok%C5%82adka" title="Okładka">okładka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oporek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oporek (strona nie istnieje)">oporek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprawa_(poligrafia)" title="Oprawa (poligrafia)">oprawa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oprawa_mnisza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oprawa mnisza (strona nie istnieje)">oprawa mnisza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyklejka" title="Wyklejka">wyklejka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zwi%C4%99z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zwięz (strona nie istnieje)">zwięz</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a4_2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Elementy</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkusz_drukarski" title="Arkusz drukarski">arkusz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibu%C5%82ka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibułka (strona nie istnieje)">bibułka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartka" title="Kartka">karta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Recto_i_verso" title="Recto i verso">recto i verso</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karta_ochronna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karta ochronna (strona nie istnieje)">karta ochronna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkusz_introligatorski" title="Arkusz introligatorski">składka introligatorska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartka" title="Kartka">strona</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strona_sier%C5%9Bciowa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strona sierściowa (strona nie istnieje)">strona sierściowa</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr class="a5"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Tekst</th><td class="navbox-list spis"><table class="inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a5_1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Porządkowanie</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foliacja_(numeracja)" title="Foliacja (numeracja)">foliacja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indeks_(DTP)" title="Indeks (DTP)">indeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkordancja" title="Konkordancja">konkordancja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kustosz_(tekst)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kustosz (tekst) (strona nie istnieje)">kustosz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagina_fracta" title="Pagina fracta">pagina fracta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paginacja" title="Paginacja">paginacja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reglament&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reglament (strona nie istnieje)">reglament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spis_tre%C5%9Bci" title="Spis treści">spis treści</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sygnaturka_(podpis)" title="Sygnaturka (podpis)">sygnatura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakat_(poligrafia)" title="Wakat (poligrafia)">wakat</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a5_2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Pismo</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrewiatura" title="Abrewiatura">abrewiacja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolumna_(poligrafia)" title="Kolumna (poligrafia)">kolumna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81am" title="Łam">łam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margines_(typografia)" title="Margines (typografia)">margines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paragraf" title="Paragraf">paragraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szpalta" title="Szpalta">szpalta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Z%C5%82ota_regu%C5%82a_(typografia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Złota reguła (typografia) (strona nie istnieje)">złota reguła</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a5_3"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Inne</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekskomunika" title="Ekskomunika">anatema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronostych" title="Chronostych">chronogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedykacja_(literatura)" title="Dedykacja (literatura)">dedykacja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explicit" title="Explicit">explicit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glosa_(j%C4%99zykoznawstwo)" title="Glosa (językoznawstwo)">glosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incipit" title="Incipit">incipit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolofon" title="Kolofon">kolofon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolog_(literatura)" title="Prolog (literatura)">prolog</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pr%C3%B3ba_pi%C3%B3ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Próba pióra (strona nie istnieje)">próba pióra</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr class="a6"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Zdobnictwo</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabeska_(ornament)" title="Arabeska (ornament)">arabeska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordiura" title="Bordiura">bordiura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drolerie" title="Drolerie">drolerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floratura" title="Floratura">floratura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontyspis" title="Frontyspis">frontyspis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iluminowanie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iluminowanie (strona nie istnieje)">iluminowanie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inicja%C5%82" title="Inicjał">inicjał</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lombard_(porz%C4%85dkowanie_tekstu)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lombard (porządkowanie tekstu) (strona nie istnieje)">lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iluminacja_ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki" title="Iluminacja książki">miniatura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornament_(poligrafia)" title="Ornament (poligrafia)">ornament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubrykowanie" title="Rubrykowanie">rubrykowanie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winieta_(drukarstwo)" title="Winieta (drukarstwo)">winieta</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a7"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Zawody</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autor" title="Autor">autor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibliopola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibliopola (strona nie istnieje)">bibliopola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drukarz" title="Drukarz">drukarz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iluminator_(zaw%C3%B3d)" title="Iluminator (zawód)">iluminator</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katedralis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katedralis (strona nie istnieje)">katedralis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopista" title="Kopista">kopista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korekta_tekstu" title="Korekta tekstu">korektor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notariusz" title="Notariusz">notariusz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pergamenista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pergamenista (strona nie istnieje)">pergamenista</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubrykator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubrykator (strona nie istnieje)">rubrykator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skryba" title="Skryba">skryba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sztych_(sztuka)" title="Sztych (sztuka)">sztycharz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wydawca" title="Wydawca">wydawca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zecer" title="Zecer">zecer</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a8"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Obieg</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antykwariat" title="Antykwariat">antykwariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archiwum" title="Archiwum">archiwum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka" title="Biblioteka">biblioteka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prawo_autorskie" title="Prawo autorskie">copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiszka" title="Fiszka">fiszka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ksi%C4%99ga_inwentarzowa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Księga inwentarzowa (strona nie istnieje)">inwentarz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katalog_biblioteczny" title="Katalog biblioteczny">katalog</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolekcja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolekcja (strona nie istnieje)">kolekcja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ksi%C4%99ga_akcesyjna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Księga akcesyjna (strona nie istnieje)">księga akcesyjna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ksi%C4%99garstwo" title="Księgarstwo">księgarstwo</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a9"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Znaki własnościowe</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dedykacja_(literatura)" title="Dedykacja (literatura)">dedykacja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekslibris" title="Ekslibris">ekslibris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filigran" title="Filigran">filigran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolofon" title="Kolofon">kolofon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nota_prowieniencyjna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nota prowieniencyjna (strona nie istnieje)">nota prowieniencyjna</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">sygnatura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Znak_wodny" title="Znak wodny">znak wodny</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a10"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Konserwacja</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibu%C5%82ka_japo%C5%84ska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibułka japońska (strona nie istnieje)">bibułka japońska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psotniki" title="Psotniki">psotnik kołatek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3l_ksi%C4%85%C5%BCkowy" title="Mól książkowy">mól książkowy</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a11"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Powielanie</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brudnopis" title="Brudnopis">brulion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digitalizacja_(bibliotekarstwo)" title="Digitalizacja (bibliotekarstwo)">digitalizacja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faksymile" title="Faksymile">faksymile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopiowanie_(powielanie)" title="Kopiowanie (powielanie)">kopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikrofilm" title="Mikrofilm">mikrofilm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrofisza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikrofisza (strona nie istnieje)">mikrofisza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orygina%C5%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oryginał (strona nie istnieje)">oryginał</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pecia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pecia (strona nie istnieje)">pecia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Repografia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Repografia (strona nie istnieje)">repografia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reportatio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reportatio (strona nie istnieje)">reportatio</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Choix_gradue_ecritures.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img 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