CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135291d78799cb9',cH: 'SS_Jvkaizg6wiH2F9ryxmmHBoz9wedgta5V9g1Jbv6k-1739788840-1.2.1.1-y0zfmKqeoQvJfCS7aTF.xvqyB8IdwyFU0mxucJS24MgTyOxS7fFqYX8_Q_RrlFI6',cUPMDTk: "\/4898\/improving-fault-resilience-and-reconstruction-of-overlay-multicast-tree-using-leaving-time-of-participants?__cf_chl_tk=poM_CUJEJdYRrwNxMcoKA0S4V0OPRmaG6Bkcv65brrk-1739788840-1.0.1.1-Qp.B62qNqS69GNiS3euGBWHP7p8DBzpxULjbvCMMaHI",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739788840',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/4898\/improving-fault-resilience-and-reconstruction-of-overlay-multicast-tree-using-leaving-time-of-participants?__cf_chl_f_tk=poM_CUJEJdYRrwNxMcoKA0S4V0OPRmaG6Bkcv65brrk-1739788840-1.0.1.1-Qp.B62qNqS69GNiS3euGBWHP7p8DBzpxULjbvCMMaHI",md: "Jg2Ecn4wLoYYd5UpDHwMiHRC45vvgg68Sossl5uZuqg-1739788840-1.2.1.1-RkshNJMTqVkZZ0T0jpdIrXtOGjrOmhO.mghbQy9IJo80GxsRtjELHwgiFCRFG3goX8AVX7Sdk1ikBMr7CLv1SgDdWngLauHB1H.pJV5B6JueIYDMs6CqCwPHSDvIITpaxEHEiphruXYOfPB03Neus1DAUO.hQQodibTCwjDg1FesedLUYWysSS1y9devSszrYvsLSO2kC6pkzIgAx323W4SGcFqir2OSjvjZJmYwiryQv2UdHqKTmQkGGZ3Qjck7SiIbIRNTWB4JXiHuUEtCMDnu8XcpacdhMaugruP9OoecZrm4Pf5P601.iNHeXGYLurofJOnLoxFwnCHoq3S4g9gjamfs8w21LgLfn02kvoyuqooAJVT7Fy1IxjeXF66qSwmxsXgu0IOKaGqoSE054b929QTEs6jganxvwAF9Ka6kg7AaQNI7qpe.f7p1NwEw0ExcIKaT.a6YX4SlQSHzh_9ZSfnO.Z8LyR1_4VObu206nLKo5WloBdvfy15HsLGz64D.IeUDxDgwHQct6J0tvh2VsEuob4ZIr3Zij9lvuHroWuap_RR4O49rvuFObqqcu9s8kPAP01kr0uarZZVr6Q092rsILTzE0hUjS_OGIRzBQEISRrzEITssczJKaFmdDhLfC0Pf8wTadD4FtTVNtxhHhgid.1_o8xB_zgwVVE5cQovzerbjiO_FVQHTnvL5tW1G6deqg.sdbmrI6jt47DNc_DEA6qUyX4bJ_zjao3.eiT1l6n2dV2CWJvmtkCbkpAgWiwqcA222gslhNSLfUafquEHvu7PsH5vXj6CuP.4bHqUyDYn9r.6jJeSXy00VP.coURvkVwR249p.wRmNbDTT1zNWtj7ezHab3UncqEZXhVF0QmdUntluuIjUWAtEUVWlC9P68vYIxtZWSMVq3uorciOXOH10XUHZuMT1laqNAYZKWeGiXQhOnCL2n2zG.KgYL1yxq4OI.v6z4lOXaePMcIVZW4_EP03wST_SV1inAaEpV786RuSRrIRdkJSFg8PQcQZOpbxeAdit_7x5sw_pbwozhgJ9U5W4WmlLhVCWuWcWCWNfxmQr2Vwh1BOXyGbOAr_J76mrZB4R6F1xSdFKXPv.ANAdl2MWPE9Z99q3Zs1bvwzsD_RDrycR6Kkx2dD49tbPjQuOzY3FkmnhafzscQm4rK2f.Y7Kw_AXL.vA0NvnnFgCT6eJ7pQuyBcJWU10aZx2hYShDuN8pawJNIu8G8WA1Tdu1mmKLBBVv1qiP8HBbnQ3.tiRNaJyDbqqpJqQm1EMcdrq9KShvfl7h5g25N7u6ck9rH5o0EhJDm6G6K3b9vTVY.Hgjdfd6AFwwCOstWuyvgwXbJWhse0Fhl5n2qPZis2edpFIGieW0hI9vP6dpGD8lkKSzlDEHtBPKjGsZB1teAPjCUCIvgB4EtMQ.7JLWVzCkYFgDr0tL.19WNJUOu37_mveoMMjEGTpmXpgzUxlc5.ImcwzxkPXewI4uBkv6.5PMyQ07FDFiCbF0SUBX7vy5axue96wky4qjfXrXvS_W9S3gDwxI4Hp2dX_u.VbTo4aEojPYq2eL97H0tEMXLk48BYTM01HITyYizVVg5wXY1Hrl9XGqlAkJbUE.Gfz9r8yKR7YCFTLCmw3WFCEXh.bhAwYkuANh5CUIfbSldqwvDIK8bG5dcdpeddVRVtLZIZOkAwbOI7Gx0Q6s4ee3AnOTdoNjXo.RDxSR_y6HXecVo_XoNajaKZYLBmgJb360pJRVfJBkf.bVFfjWeFDmajepK9WIpqkr7CxjJpBaE4ygdbHP1KYtqirfk74.Tgi.gXyom4HLawjG07VOAPx3ZkzofASlHm7u8F2GjRFDV6RWApPATMUJA2C0YVARkOY_iq22ek37dbKGnOlmoZ10_suc6_qw_GvaRszZlWwRk6a5aE.48qYzwHoJk1IPQY1NZLMdefRtJb.1jgzW450tNWXC8AW3dZmpzY0APhHL12mFMxUH.JdtnsASdlow5uwhZcMD.Nqkpe5JjZ4BmddflWi8kmt8xmdQ4fi9RDX5vBbISkNFx_PmyaObt_jYa47Sw3MZcSqHqUF9U3zlIQurXPT7LYj5RbCdoRf6q1ECj8ZPejjECLMkGVzG1UIJoEKYK6ZaFSLoxpSdn4",mdrd: "U6LDN6rsw.QoatpLWW.jq_k9ZH5BOB1tZ7bFklX43ic-1739788840-1.2.1.1-SC3i34DQSuei.SoRyPGz4T2aJWRvvzsJ3HZbAWK43qRKkL6Nc6C0_Yf.wvJarkznmVN7FG5sC1xmv_H2o0pTfWGlnlaOq_Y68HNkrkbEay3AUgjZZC.ZIs74j3TNi.hUxuGJZ44mRzFN6oqYF4DLyzEC_x.LZWNvLnnlOLwpC93Zhf7_Yzh8NJt..Nlnf8ZtwfThTkaDvVWM6JfCCJ6CiR_uUXrXQ.Egb5aJXddGRZcX7QtZLxtq45iavV5yVgl_N4ev6qFWthi9YcqraoC3pKIeRioR6lMn2MPCb8u4ZUYkq1KPczYH49AuOt_nGLAQAr7ChwWDbR5Bp_cMzqh5AeSDL1twPHKWaPMKk1At.ZMcMo64cZxxCvDMxjALhLV7OoWZpuaamioxHPR5m3hJRQkQjhZLHG46H9WUBBo2FvP5jnZP1H0WAMa5h4Mu52ck5NojnXc1fkTygsRBguOb90pGX4Eu7729AtPBFHsRZLTlH0QBi2kOXqSTQrKyMX46y50PptY2HlWhLH4PcJP7aNJvBd4uuGxF9Lv.5_OkA8s5LVfIlLk_rLTFte8wbxBTKVM98jqn4V7FLHyYRae8Z2S3bCnnZE4G9jgsGfRUvSqBK2ac5zl_cP0qqObz1gTHqSXH3T8XQGqUKc_BuwNZFuv0bRaKyVz_z1JI9DvlN5kRvL9gEdyxy0GpB5K5ns3SkoO1WaDYTT9lYqCFvIF5olig2dQvZQ2wuIe32VTE1X1VSpcKmx5wh53jVZKI9lRiHtB1edB0UU9ra1CVvzWvwCd0EmOauiZ6zmxxv4Yuc6dWOMtWP0jVAs0jEGUzfcte7CASxv4mA2Hwfh10JyF7HlxBOAIOSywCmbwxp4VeTzOhoJnhDXST8VZGCS6m_z5ylBKKb1.3S0Y2szLkfYDdEqX8q3zvoAviCfS9eVuGv7ch3609X00cw2TLRwJmVBJzLgKLPW23fNNvG3_Zx78Rwx2AeEurNEcv2q9c_ZK3H01MFN_wRI.bXEppbEu.o3zyyLQYjD1Ja5U9cQWf0ekL6HXM4lnmx11xcQ1Inbr3HQ5XwP9305sL7_k..TBauWF8kddHVspVDib.aSyn4zcbBhncrAAZOGDxr1iqjgVYSoqocAt6QhqI19igvaf16F5te0RoiHSIYHoyjxMNdaMwyHjXevEnUdk.QKDqbMjKG1mr6MfjsH3En1W9TYR3nTaw_brCnkUsf7N_or4dlzIMnnKBXDZaaCtqP34ub5n_A1wi2inlyx_1BD5P0wSLmvoHzV281Y4An8jKktbR2q7bMB59gDFqc.TMhb5diw4g4YAWeAsXuwUTCObR_iEF4AaUYqnMJetk4lw5uI.rv068e82gkzCLyaiRzH9Gt9V9_XModMxa813Ko5jCZ7OiURVUuhNJpyEuIJQgErgCTJmxe7WI7qgUy3xNhpDafxjwoIh3TMBo.wYdQKXIbQjlO9jyGdXXKEWCKJ_99SDouICz7QrBT7X.hybduiqdczxe2v2VnrGyaepd5uLrFsK1DkMFHVlTIsPCVw9meFdSsznk2vPU9_DHV7iNnKrh7MIym8WCv9y5iIjzK5qyMTfwZiCf.f39b19uR_hCy7Pd8G9JPoC99WfzgbB4hMltXDfVM8utpn5B2q7JMFXQvLKWLj8Pq5LZ_Km_aU2RZCAP3yv.tbnwj2bPY6XNB4MrLxj6hY7gldmTxfSU_999pye4EA5rCYqNB4HbzLZDZiAgGVMLE7eF5u48pO9qmKD0FnUCAvM33fIkyiIR3a8DV2T8Tc1TE4HmWpVTMCIL5s3XCjZUmZga6IzcpQ_gWxgnA.0IoaIPXQsKlrthfzm6Nw.A8YD7ONOXS6sNUbHn3ROfwgdN43nCoVL_6gA6mPsuaqcJWioBiyjEasx.gncikypX_dy5B5doAmcF3WXdSYtxHZr4LB3Xwi4guCeO20XkQUrNykaO6CUsouV10ZSrUxeYW0x6"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135291d78799cb9';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/4898\/improving-fault-resilience-and-reconstruction-of-overlay-multicast-tree-using-leaving-time-of-participants?__cf_chl_rt_tk=poM_CUJEJdYRrwNxMcoKA0S4V0OPRmaG6Bkcv65brrk-1739788840-1.0.1.1-Qp.B62qNqS69GNiS3euGBWHP7p8DBzpxULjbvCMMaHI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>