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alt="email"></a></li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="news-detail"><div id="bsf_rt_marker"></div><style>#ra-player {margin-bottom: 1em;} .ra-button {padding: .3em .9em; border-radius: .25em; background: linear-gradient(#fff, #efefef); box-shadow: 0 1px .2em gray; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; cursor: pointer;} .ra-button img {height: 1em; margin: 0 .5em 0 0;}</style> <div id="ra-player" data-skin="https://assets.sitespeaker.link/embed/skins/default"><div class="ra-button" onclick="readAloud(document.getElementById('ra-audio'), document.getElementById('ra-player'))"><img decoding="async" src="https://assets.sitespeaker.link/embed/skins/default/play-icon.png"/> Listen to this article</div></div> <audio id="ra-audio" data-lang="en-US" data-voice="Amazon Joanna" data-key="9a894192b5d95537bb1afa80262745f5"></audio> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script> </script><p style="text-align: center"><strong>By Martin B. McGee</strong> <p>How will our legal system adapt to generative artificial intelligence? <p>I have not yet heard the cross-examination question: “Did you test Exhibit A (an image, video or audio recording) to determine if it is a deepfake?” I have not yet had to apply Rule 702 to the creation of a generative Al tool. I have not yet had to deal with an AI “hallucination” in a court filing. Have you had to question the authenticity of a voice recording brought by a client to your office?<div class="article_dfp_ads"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-in_content_300x250_a" class="div-gpt-ad-in_content_300x250_a in_content_300x250_a dfp_ad_pos"> <script type='text/javascript'> googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-in_content_300x250_a'); googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs(true); }); </script> </div> </div> <p>I expect the days of our work being free of generative Al are, or about to be, over. I am writing this commentary to encourage conversation to prepare us for this new legal world. <p>I am participating in Duke Law School’s Judicial Studies LLM program. Over the last two summers, I have learned from three of the leading scholars on generative Al and the law: Professors Nita Farahany and Maura Grossman and Judge Paul Grimm. My work at Duke has caused me to think about how to best prepare for the great opportunities and challenges ahead. As a result, I have <a href="https://www.nccourts.gov/assets/documents/local-rules-forms/Administrative%20Order%20Generative%20AI.pdf">prepared an order</a> to guide the use of generative Al in Superior Court in Cabarrus County. I would like to share it with you and seek your input. <p>Specifically, the order covers:<div class="article_dfp_ads"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-in_content_300x250_b" class="div-gpt-ad-in_content_300x250_b in_content_300x250_b dfp_ad_pos"> <script type='text/javascript'> googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-in_content_300x250_b'); googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs(true); }); </script> </div> </div> <ul> <li>The importance of lawyers’ professional responsibility to stay technologically current and to protect their clients’ confidential information.</li> <li>The use of generative Al tools for research, drafting documents and discovery.</li> <li>The responsibility of lawyers pursuant to Rule 11 and Rule 26 of the Rules of Civil Procedure to confirm the reliability and accuracy of Al-generated work.</li> <li>The use of Al in creating evidence.</li> <li>The challenges of deepfakes.</li> <li>The duty to timely identify and provide notice of generative Al issues.</li> </ul> <p>You can find the order on Cabarrus County’s webpage at nccourts.org, but I will review the important points below. <p>Before I start discussing the order, I want to mention one of Professor Farahany’s <p>assignments from this summer. She embraces the use of Al in her work and encourages our class to consider how these tools could help us. To familiarize ourselves with the tools, we were assigned to research, draft and illustrate a one-page paper on any subject using Al tools such as You.com, Perplexity, Claude, Humata, ChatGPT, Gemini, Midjourney and Dall-E and reflect on what we learned. If you are unfamiliar with Al tools, I recommend you complete the assignment as well. While many of these tools have at least a free trial version, I have upgraded to ChapGPT4.O for $20 per month. These tools helped me research and write about the best place to pan for gold in North Carolina (Reed Gold Mine in Cabarrus County, of course). <p>The highlights of the order include: <ul> <li>Attorneys have a duty to keep up with changes in technology that affect the practice of law (Rule 1.1 of the Revised Rules of Professional Responsibility). Understanding Al will soon be essential to the practice of law if it is not already so.</li> <li>Attorneys and pro se parties are permitted to use generative Al tools for legal research, drafting documents and assisting in discovery, but they are responsible for their Al-generated work (Rule 11 and Rule 26 of the North Carolina Rules of Civil Procedure). They should understand Al technology, including that it hallucinates — that is, it can generate nonexistent case names and citations — and that submitting information to a third-party application could be a breach of confidentiality. The case of <em>Mata u Avianca, Inc.</em> is a cautionary tale for lawyers who do not understand the technology.</li> <li>The admissibility of Al-generated evidence will be case-specific. Use or suspected use of Al-generated evidence must be properly disclosed, and issues related thereto should be addressed pretrial to avoid surprise or delay.</li> <li>Attorneys and pro se parties should use their best efforts to verify images, videos and audio recordings if there is a reasonable basis for questioning the evidence’s authenticity.</li> <li>Deepfake concerns should be raised pretrial when possible. Challenges to evidence as a deepfake should only be made if there is a good faith basis for doing so after reasonable inquiry.</li> <li>The order provides definitions of generative Al and deepfakes. It also gives examples of generative Al tools such as ChatGPT, Harvey, Gemini, Midjourney and DALL-E.</li> <li>Another paragraph offers additional resources to consider, including, Maura R. Grossman et al., “The GPTJudge: Justice in a Generative Al Work,” 23 Duke L & Tech. Rev. 1 (2023); Taurus Myhand, “Once the Jury Sees It, the Jury Can’t Unsee It: The Challenge Trial Judges Face When Authenticating Video Evidence in the Age of Deepfakes,” 29 Widener L. Rev. 171(2023); and Paul W. Grimm et al., “Artificial Intelligence as Evidence,” 19 NW. J. Tech. & Intell. Prop. 9 (2021).</li> <li>The purpose of the order is to guide the responsible and transparent use of generative Al in Superior Court District 25.</li> <li>Sanctions for violating the order include the sanctions for failure to comply with Rule 11 and Rule 26 of the Rules of Civil Procedure, those associated with violations of the Revised Rules of Professional Responsibility, and those authorized by the court’s inherent authority. Failure to timely identify and address generative Al issues also might affect admissibility rulings.</li> </ul> <p>Although the lawyer’s inappropriate use of Al to produce a brief in <em>Mata u Avianca, Inc.</em> received national attention, the use of Al in preparing legal documents should not be a challenging problem for courts. Lawyers are simply responsible for their work whether it is aided by generative Al. The issue of the authenticity of evidence given the emergence of deepfakes appears to be a more difficult challenge. Some are questioning whether our current rules of evidence are sufficient. This interesting topic is beyond the scope of this commentary, but I recommend “The GPTJudge: Justice in a Generative Al World” on this issue. Beyond the challenges of deepfakes, the admissibility of Al-generated evidence also is another topic. Finally, Al will have many implications for discovery that are not only outside of the scope of this commentary but also beyond my practical experience — although I am sure that I will be learning more on this subject by resolving discovery disputes in the near future. <p>I am learning and writing about this topic in hopes of avoiding facing these issues cold for the first time in the courtroom during a jury trial. AI evidentiary issues should be addressed pretrial, when possible, to avoid surprise, delay and injustices. I am hopeful that through an administrative order, I can provide structure and order as to when and how these issues will be addressed in District 25. I also hope that this order will encourage us to better understand the evolving technology and how it can not only present challenges in resolving legal disputes but also offer opportunities to improve the quality and efficiency of our legal system. <p><em>Martin B. McGee is the senior resident Superior Court judge for Cabarrus County. He can be reached at <a href="martin.b.mcgee@nccourts.org"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="9ef3ffeceaf7f0b0fcb0f3fdf9fbfbdef0fdfdf1ebeceaedb0f1ecf9">[email protected]</span></a></em>. <em>A copy of his order is <a href="https://www.nccourts.gov/assets/documents/local-rules-forms/Administrative%20Order%20Generative%20AI.pdf">available for download</a>.<br /> </em> <div id="ldlresolve-main-content" ldl-basepg="lists" ldl-host="https://legal.bridgetowermedia.com" ldl-postid="492101" ldl-title="Superior Court order lays groundwork for AI in cases" ldl-date="2024-10-23 04:00:27" ldl-resolve></div><script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script>if ( typeof LD == "object" ) { LD.initPage(); }</script></div> <div class="mobile-specific-data"> <div class="share-links"> <p class="share">Share this!</p> <ul class="social-share-links"><li><a class="twitter" 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