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hydrosol</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: lavender hydrosol"> <meta name="keywords" content="lavender hydrosol"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="lavender hydrosol"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 14</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: lavender hydrosol</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Improvement to Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Durum Wheat (Triticum Durum Desf) with the Vegetable Extract Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zemour%20Kamel">Zemour Kamel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chouhim%20Kadda%20Mohamed%20Amine"> Chouhim Kadda Mohamed Amine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Salinity is one of the most environmental factors limiting crop productivity. It has a negative effect on both germination and plant growth processes (photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration), nutrient balance, membrane properties and cellular homeostasis, enzymatic and metabolic activities. Among the strategic crops in the world and more mainly in Algeria, durum wheat is very affected by this abiotic stress. For that, this study focuses on an evaluation of salt stress effect on the germination process of durum wheat as well as its response after application of lavender hydrosol and aqueous pistachio extract. The results have shown that all the physicochemical parameters of germination have been affected by this stress. However, lavender hydrosol and aqueous pistachio extract, considered as organic compounds, significantly improved the germination of wheat seeds. Finally, this study has highlighted the importance of using organic products as an ideal alternative to reduce the effect of abiotic stress on durum wheat productivity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salinity" title="salinity">salinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheat%20durum" title=" wheat durum"> wheat durum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extract" title=" extract"> extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lavender%20hydrosol" title=" lavender hydrosol"> lavender hydrosol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aqueous%20pistachio" title=" aqueous pistachio"> aqueous pistachio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159636/improvement-to-abiotic-stress-tolerance-in-durum-wheat-triticum-durum-desf-with-the-vegetable-extract-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159636.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Determination of the Effectiveness of Some Methods Used in Greater Wax Moth (Galleria mellonella L.) in Honeycombs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neslihan%20Ozsoy%20Taskiran">Neslihan Ozsoy Taskiran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miray%20Dayioglu"> Miray Dayioglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belgin%20Gunbey"> Belgin Gunbey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Banu%20Yucel"> Banu Yucel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cigdem%20Takma"> Cigdem Takma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Unal%20Karik"> Unal Karik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tugce%20Olgun"> Tugce Olgun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Levent%20Aydin"> Levent Aydin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella L.), which is one of the most important pests after Varroa, plays a role in the transportation of many pathogens into the hive as well as damage to the honeycombs, and beekeepers suffer economically. Due to the risk that some of the methods against this pest may cause residue in bee products, and it can be harmful to the health of people who consume these products. Therefore, the most appropriate, most economical, and effective method should be applied in the moth control. For this purpose, in the first phase of the project (2017-2018), planned to be 2-stage in the Aegean Agricultural Research Institute in 2017-2020, the honeycombs, certified with good agricultural practice, were kept in a favorable condition for moths. Later, applications (Sulfur - B401 - Walnut (Leaf & Smoker) - lavender essential oil (1cc & 2cc & 3cc & 4cc) - laurel essential oil (1cc & 2cc & 3cc & 4cc) - control) were applied to the honeycombs with moths. In 2017, the B401 group had the highest wax moth damage area, and the group with the lowest wax moth damage area was determined as lavender 1cc; In 2018, the highest wax moth damage area was found in the walnut smoker group, while the lowest wax moth damage area was found in sulfur, walnut leaves, laurel 1cc - 2cc - 4cc, lavender 1cc - 2cc - 3cc - 4cc and control groups. In addition, sulfur residue amount (mean 128,18 mg/kg) in honeycomb was measured in the sulfur-treated group. Phase 1 of the project was completed, and the most important sub-groups among walnut (leaf) - lavender (1cc) and laurel (4cc) groups were identified. Accordingly, it is planned to carry out these treatments ((sulfur - B401 - walnut (leaf) - lavender (1cc) and laurel (4cc)) on honeycombs with do not contain moths, and later, it is planned to examine the effects of the treatment on the offspring area and honey yield by giving these honeycombs to the hives, in the 2nd stage of the project (2019-2020). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honey%20bee" title="honey bee">honey bee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lavender%20essential%20oil" title=" lavender essential oil"> lavender essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laurel%20essential%20oil" title=" laurel essential oil"> laurel essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=walnut" title=" walnut"> walnut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wax%20moth" title=" wax moth"> wax moth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127984/determination-of-the-effectiveness-of-some-methods-used-in-greater-wax-moth-galleria-mellonella-l-in-honeycombs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127984.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Parallels between the Glass and Lavender Ceilings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20E.%20Olsen">Paul E. Olsen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Researchers, businesses, and governments study the glass ceiling faced by women and members of minority groups at work, but the experiences of gay men, lesbians, and bisexual men and women with the lavender ceiling have not received similar attention. This qualitative research traces similarities between the lavender ceiling and the glass ceiling. More specifically, it presents a study designed to elucidate the experiences of gay men at work and compare them with those of women and minority group members, as reported in research literature on the glass ceiling. This research asked: 1) What have gay men experienced in the workplace? 2) What experiences have they had with recruitment, mentors, corporate climate, advancement opportunities, performance evaluation, social activities, harassment, and task force and committee assignments? 3) How do these experiences compare with those of women and minorities who have described their experiences with the glass ceiling? Purposeful and convenience sampling were used as participant selection strategies. Participants were diverse in terms of age, education, and industry. Data for this study were collected through semi-structured individual interviews with eight self-identified gay men working in human services, manufacturing, marketing, finance, government, the nonprofit sector, and retail. The gay men in the study described workplace experiences similar to descriptions of the glass ceiling faced by women and minorities. The lavender ceiling parallels the glass ceiling in corporate climates, harassment, mentors, social activities, promotions and performance appraisal, and task force and committee assignments at work. Women and most minorities do not, however, face the disclosure dilemma: Should one reveal his sexual orientation at work? <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrimination" title="discrimination">discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity" title=" diversity"> diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gay%20and%20lesbian" title=" gay and lesbian"> gay and lesbian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20resource" title=" human resource"> human resource</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9124/parallels-between-the-glass-and-lavender-ceilings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9124.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Anisotropic Behavior of Sand Stabilized with Colloidal Silica</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eleni%20Maria%20Pavlopoulou">Eleni Maria Pavlopoulou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vasiliki%20N.%20Georgiannou"> Vasiliki N. Georgiannou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Filippos%20C.%20Chortis"> Filippos C. Chortis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The response of M31 sand stabilized with colloidal silica (CS) aqueous gel is investigated in the laboratory. CS is introduced in the water regime, forming a hydrosol. The low viscosity hydrosol thickens in a controllable manner to form a stable, non-toxic gel; the gel fills the pore space, retains the pore water, and supports the grain structure. The role of colloidal silica on subsequent sand behavior is examined with the aid of direct shear, triaxial, and normal compression tests. Under the examined loading modes, while the strength of the treated sand is enhanced, its stiffness may reduce, and its compressibility increase. However, in most geotechnical problems, the loading conditions are complex, involving changes in both stress magnitude and direction. Rotation of principal stresses (σ1, σ2, σ3) in varying amounts expressed as angle α, (from α=0° to 90°) in concurrence with increasing shear stress loading is commonly encountered in soil structures such as foundations, embankments, underwater slopes. To assess the influence of anisotropy on the response of sands before and after their stabilization, hollow cylinder tests were performed. The behavior of stabilized sand is compared with the characteristic sand behavior, i.e., a reduction in peak stress ratio associated with a softer stress-strain response with the increasing angle a. The influence of the magnitude of the intermediate principal stress (σ2) on the mechanical response of treated and untreated sand is also examined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anisotropy" title="anisotropy">anisotropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colloidal%20silica" title=" colloidal silica"> colloidal silica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laboratory%20tests" title=" laboratory tests"> laboratory tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sands" title=" sands"> sands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20stabilization" title=" soil stabilization"> soil stabilization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133107/anisotropic-behavior-of-sand-stabilized-with-colloidal-silica" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133107.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil of Eucalyptus camendulensis on a Few Bacteria and Fungi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mehani">M. Mehani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Salhi"> N. Salhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Valeria"> T. Valeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ladjel"> S. Ladjel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Red River Gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) is a tree of the genus Eucalyptus widely distributed in Algeria and in the world. The value of its aromatic secondary metabolites offers new perspectives in the pharmaceutical industry. This strategy can contribute to the sustainable development of our country. Preliminary tests performed on the essential oil of Eucalyptus camendulensis showed that this oil has antibacterial activity vis-à-vis the bacterial strains (Enterococcus feacalis, Enterobacter cloaceai, Proteus microsilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and antifungic (Fusarium sporotrichioide and Fusarium graminearum). The culture medium used was nutrient broth Muller Hinton. The interaction between the bacteria and the essential oil is expressed by a zone of inhibition with diameters of MIC indirectly expression of. And we used the PDA medium to determine the fungal activity. The extraction of the aromatic fraction (essentially oil- hydrolat) of the fresh aerian part of the Eucalyptus camendulensis was performed by hydrodistillation. The average essential oil yield is 0.99%. The antimicrobial and fungal study of the essential oil and hydrosol showed a high inhibitory effect on the growth of pathogens. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oil" title="essential oil">essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eucalyptus%20camendulensis" title=" Eucalyptus camendulensis"> Eucalyptus camendulensis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria%20and%20fungi" title=" bacteria and fungi"> bacteria and fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=red%20river%20gum" title=" red river gum"> red river gum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12323/antibacterial-and-antifungal-activity-of-essential-oil-of-eucalyptus-camendulensis-on-a-few-bacteria-and-fungi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12323.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> A Comparative Study of Essential Oils Used in Papyrus Sterilization: A Case Study from the Early Islamic Period</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahaa%20Fawwaz%E2%80%AC%E2%80%8F">Bahaa Fawwaz‬‏</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study was conducted on a papyrus housed at the Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo, Egypt. This papyrus was inscribed with black ink. Twelve fungal species were isolated and identified. Five types of fungi were ultimately identified to complete the study. The isolated fungi were then incubated for three months after the aging procedure. This study investigates the in-vitro growth inhibition of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium chrysogenum, Trichoderma longibrachiatum Rifai, and Paecilomyces variotii on papyrus. The hyphal growth was observed using the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). Natural oils, such as lavender oil, lemongrass oil, and rosemary oil, were used. The impact of these natural oils on the newly aged papyrus was assessed using scanning electron microscopy and color analysis to identify the most effective oils for inhibiting fungus growth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation" title="conservation">conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=papyrus" title=" papyrus"> papyrus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungi" title=" fungi"> fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth" title=" growth"> growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental" title=" environmental"> environmental</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oils" title=" essential oils"> essential oils</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186141/a-comparative-study-of-essential-oils-used-in-papyrus-sterilization-a-case-study-from-the-early-islamic-period" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186141.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">47</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Inventory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Used in Natural Cosmetics in Western Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faiza%20Chaib">Faiza Chaib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasmina-Nadia%20Bendahmane"> Yasmina-Nadia Bendahmane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatima%20Zohra%20Ghanemi"> Fatima Zohra Ghanemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to know the traditional use of aromatic and medicinal plants in natural cosmetics, we carried out an ethnobotanical study using an online quiz among the Algerian population residing mainly in western Algeria (Oran, Tlemcen, and Mostaganem). Our study identified 37 plant species used as cosmetic plants, divided into 9 botanical families. The families mainly used and the richest in species are the lamiaceae, the apiecea, and the rutaceae. Our study states that the 5 species with the highest frequency of use and highest citation value are lemon, chamomile, turmeric, garlic, and lavender. Lemon takes first place in the order of frequency. The plants listed have been listed in tables grouping the identification of plants by their scientific and vernacular names, frequency of use, parts used, parts of the body concerned, desired action, as well as the main traditional recipes. This study allowed us to highlight the importance of aromatic plants and to appreciate their traditional practices in natural cosmetics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aromatic%20plants" title="aromatic plants">aromatic plants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnobotanical%20survey" title=" ethnobotanical survey"> ethnobotanical survey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20use" title=" traditional use"> traditional use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20cosmetics" title=" natural cosmetics"> natural cosmetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=questionnaire" title=" questionnaire"> questionnaire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=western%20Algeria" title=" western Algeria"> western Algeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157765/inventory-of-aromatic-and-medicinal-plants-used-in-natural-cosmetics-in-western-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157765.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Phytochemical Evaluation and In-Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Moroccan Lavandula x Intermedia Leaves and Flowers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamila%20Fliou">Jamila Fliou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Federica%20Spinola"> Federica Spinola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ouassima%20Riffi"> Ouassima Riffi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asmaa%20Zriouel"> Asmaa Zriouel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Amechrouq"> Ali Amechrouq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luca%20Nalbone"> Luca Nalbone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alessandro%20Giuffrida"> Alessandro Giuffrida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Filippo%20Giarratana"> Filippo Giarratana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study performed a preliminary evaluation of the phytochemical composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of Lavandula x intermedia leaves and flowers collected in the Fez-Meknes region of Morocco. Phytochemical analyses comprised qualitative colourimetric determinations of alkaloids, anthraquinones, and terpenes and quantitative analysis of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins by UV spectrophotometer. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values against different ATCC bacterial strains. The phytochemical analysis showed a high amount of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins in the leaf extract and a higher amount of terpenes based on colourimetric reaction than the flower extract. A positive colourimetric reaction for alkaloids and anthraquinones was detected for both extracts. The antibacterial activity of leaves and flower extract was not different against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains (p<0.05). The results of the present study suggest the possible use of ethanolic extracts of L. x intermedia collected in the Fez-Meknes region of Morocco as a natural agent against bacterial pathogens. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20activity" title="antimicrobial activity">antimicrobial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lavandula%20spp." title=" Lavandula spp."> Lavandula spp.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lavender" title=" lavender"> lavender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lavandin" title=" lavandin"> lavandin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UV%20spectrophotometric%20analysis" title=" UV spectrophotometric analysis"> UV spectrophotometric analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176476/phytochemical-evaluation-and-in-vitro-antibacterial-activity-of-ethanolic-extracts-of-moroccan-lavandula-x-intermedia-leaves-and-flowers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Study of the Allelopathic Effects of Certain Aromatic Plants on Grapevines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tinatin%20Shengelia">Tinatin Shengelia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mzia%20Beruashvili"> Mzia Beruashvili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In organic farming, including organic viticulture, biodiversity plays a crucial role. Properly selected ‘companion’ and helper plants create favorable conditions for the growth and development of the main crop. Additionally, they can provide protection from pests and diseases, suppress weeds, improve the crop’s visual and taste characteristics, enhance nutrient absorption from the soil, and, as a result of all these factors, increase yields. The use of companion plants is particularly relevant for organic farms, where the range of pesticides and fertilizers is significantly restricted by organic regulations, and they must be replaced with alternative, environmentally safe methods. Therefore, the aim of this research was to study the allelopathic effects of companion aromatic plants on grapevines. The research employed methods used in organic farming and the biological control of harmful organisms. The experiments were conducted in control and experimental plots, each with three replications on equal areas (50 m²). The allelopathic potential of medicinal hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis), basil (Ocimum basilicum), marigold or Imeretian saffron (Tagetes patula), and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L.) was studied in vineyards located in the Mtskheta-Mtianeti and Kakheti regions. The impact of these plants on grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) (variety Muscat petitgrain), their growth and development according to the BBCH scale, yields, and diseases caused by certain pathogenic microorganisms (downy mildew, powdery mildew, anthracnose) were determined. Additionally, the biological, agricultural, and economic efficiency of using these companion plants was assessed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20farming" title="organic farming">organic farming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiversity" title=" biodiversity"> biodiversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allelopathy" title=" allelopathy"> allelopathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aromatic%20plants" title=" aromatic plants"> aromatic plants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192919/study-of-the-allelopathic-effects-of-certain-aromatic-plants-on-grapevines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192919.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">21</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Inhibition Effect of Natural Junipers Extract towards Steel Corrosion in HCl Solution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Bammou">L. Bammou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Belkhaouda%20R.%20Salghi"> M. Belkhaouda R. Salghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Bazzi"> L. Bazzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Hammouti"> B. Hammouti </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Steel and steel-based alloys of different grades steel are extensively used in numerous applications where acid solutions are widely applied such as industrial acid pickling, industrial acid cleaning and oil-well acidizing. The use of chemical inhibitors is one of the most practical methods for the protection against corrosion in acidic media. Most of the excellent acid inhibitors are organic compounds containing nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulphur. The use of non-toxic inhibitors called green or eco-friendly environmental inhibitors is one of the solutions possible to prevent the corrosion of the material. These advantages have incited us to draw a large part of program of our laboratory to examine natural substances as corrosion inhibitors such as: prickly pear seed oil, Argan oil, Argan extract, Fennel oil, Rosemary oil, Thymus oil, Lavender oil, Jojoba oil, Pennyroyal Mint oil, and Artemisia. In the present work, we investigate the corrosion inhibition of steel in 1 M HCl by junipers extract using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. The result obtained of junipers extract (JE) shows excellent inhibition properties for the corrosion of C38 steel in 1M HCl at 298K, and the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing of the JE concentration. The inhibitor efficiencies determined by weight loss, Tafel polarisation and EIS methods are in reasonable agreement. Based on the polarisation results, the investigated junipers extract can be classified as mixed inhibitor. The calculated structural parameters show increase of the obtained Rct values and decrease of the capacitance, Cdl, with JE concentration increase. It is suggested to attribute this to the increase of the thickness of the adsorption layer at steel surface. The adsorption model obeys to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption process is a spontaneous and exothermic process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20inhibition" title="corrosion inhibition">corrosion inhibition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel" title=" steel"> steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friendly%20inhibitors" title=" friendly inhibitors"> friendly inhibitors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tafel%20polarisation" title=" Tafel polarisation "> Tafel polarisation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17504/inhibition-effect-of-natural-junipers-extract-towards-steel-corrosion-in-hcl-solution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17504.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">522</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Mediated by Plant by-Product Extracts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristian%20Moisa">Cristian Moisa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andreea%20Lupitu"> Andreea Lupitu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adriana%20Csakvari"> Adriana Csakvari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dana%20G.%20Radu"> Dana G. Radu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonard%20Marian%20Olariu"> Leonard Marian Olariu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgeta%20Pop"> Georgeta Pop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dorina%20Chambre"> Dorina Chambre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucian%20Copolovici"> Lucian Copolovici</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dana%20Copolovici"> Dana Copolovici</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) represents a promising, accessible, eco-friendly, and safe process with significant applications in biotechnology, pharmaceutical sciences, and farming. The aim of our study was to obtain silver nanoparticles, using plant wastes extracts resulted in the essential oils extraction process: Thymus vulgaris L., Origanum vulgare L., Lavandula angustifolia L., and in hemp processing for seed and fibre, Cannabis sativa. Firstly, we obtained aqueous extracts of thyme, oregano, lavender, and hemp (two monoicous and one dioicous varieties), all harvested in western part of Romania. Then, we determined the chemical composition of the extracts by liquid-chromatography coupled with diode array and mass spectrometer detectors. The compounds identified in the extracts were in agreement with earlier published data, and the determination of the antioxidant activity of the obtained extracts by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) assays confirmed their antioxidant activity due to their total polyphenolic content evaluated by Folin-Ciocalteu assay. Then, the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully biosynthesised, as was demonstrated by UV-VIS, FT-IR spectroscopies, and SEM, by reacting AgNO₃ solution and plant extracts. AgNPs were spherical in shape, with less than 30 nm in diameter, and had a good bactericidal activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas fluorescens). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20wastes%20extracts" title="plant wastes extracts">plant wastes extracts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20composition" title=" chemical composition"> chemical composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20performance%20liquid%20chromatography%20mass%20spectrometer" title=" high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometer"> high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HPLC-MS" title=" HPLC-MS"> HPLC-MS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scanning%20electron%20microscopy" title=" scanning electron microscopy"> scanning electron microscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20nanoparticles" title=" silver nanoparticles"> silver nanoparticles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129078/green-synthesis-of-silver-nanoparticles-mediated-by-plant-by-product-extracts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129078.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Clinical Nursing Experience in Managing a Uterine Cancer Patient with Psychogenic Shock During the Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Weaning Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syue-Wen%20Lin">Syue-Wen Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: This article discusses the nursing experience of caring for a uterine cancer patient who experienced cardiogenic shock and was weaned off ECMO. The patient was placed on ECMO due to cardiogenic shock and initially struggled with anxiety caused by the physical discomfort from the disease and multiple medical devices, as well as the isolation in the ICU and restrictions on physical activity. Over time, the patient was able to wean off ECMO and perform daily activities and rehabilitation independently. Methods: The nursing period was from January 6 to January 9. Through observation, direct care, interviews, physical assessments, and case reviews, the intensive care team and bypass personnel conducted a comprehensive assessment using Gordon's 11 functional health patterns. The assessment identified three main nursing health problems: pain, anxiety, and decreased cardiac tissue perfusion. Results: The author consulted a psychologist to employ open communication techniques and empathetic care to build a trusting nurse-patient relationship. A patient-centered intensive cancer care plan was developed. Pain was assessed using a pain scale, and pain medications were adjusted in consultation with a pharmacist. Lavender essential oil therapy, light music, and pillows were used to distract and alleviate pain. The patient was encouraged to express feelings and family members were invited to increase visits and provide companionship to reduce the uncertainty caused by cancer and illness. Vital signs were closely monitored, and nursing interventions were provided to maintain adequate myocardial perfusion. Post-ECMO, the patient was encouraged to engage in rehabilitation and cardiopulmonary training. Conclusion: A key takeaway from the care process is the importance of observing not only the patient's vital signs but also their psychological state, especially when dealing with cancer patients on ECMO. The patient's greatest source of comfort was the presence of family, which helped alleviate anxiety. Healthcare providers play multiple critical roles as advocates, coordinators, educators, and counselors, listening to and accepting the patient’s emotional responses. The report aims to provide clinical cancer nurses with a reference to improve the quality of care and alleviate cancer-related discomfort. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ECMO" title="ECMO">ECMO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uterine%20cancer" title=" uterine cancer"> uterine cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palliative%20care" title=" palliative care"> palliative care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gordon%27s%2011%20functional%20health%20patterns" title=" Gordon's 11 functional health patterns"> Gordon's 11 functional health patterns</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190373/clinical-nursing-experience-in-managing-a-uterine-cancer-patient-with-psychogenic-shock-during-the-extracorporeal-membrane-oxygenation-weaning-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190373.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">30</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Intensive Care Experience of Providing Palliative Care for a Terminal Lung Cancer Patient</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ting-I%20Lin">Ting-I Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: This article explores the nursing care experience of a 51-year-old terminal lung cancer patient admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) following an upper right lobectomy. The patient initially sought emergency treatment due to worsening cough and dyspnea, which led to the placement of an endotracheal tube following sudden deterioration. Subsequent CT scans and chest X-rays revealed a tumor in the upper right lung with metastases to the lungs, liver, bones, and adrenal glands. The patient underwent a right upper lobectomy and a wedge resection of the right middle lobe. Pathology staging: T4N3M1c and the patient was diagnosed with advanced cancer postoperatively. Method: During the care period, nursing staff continuously monitored the patient’s physiological data through observations, direct care, interviews, physical assessments, and review of the patient’s medical records. The nursing team collaborated with the critical care team and the palliative care team, using Gordon's Eleven Functional Health Patterns to conduct a comprehensive assessment. The key health problems identified included pain related to postoperative cancer resection and invasive devices, fear of death due to rapid disease progression, and altered tissue perfusion associated with hemodynamic instability. Results: Postoperatively, the patient experienced pain from the surgical wound and dyspnea due to extensive metastasis, often leading to confusion. Through the adjustment of pain medication, the patient’s discomfort was alleviated, using Morphine 8 mg in 0.9% normal saline 60 ml IV drip q6h prn, and Ultracet 37.5 mg/325 mg 1# PO q6h. Additionally, lavender essential oil inhalation and limb massage were provided for 15 minutes four times a day. The patient’s FLACC pain score decreased from 7 to below 3. After respiratory training, the endotracheal tube was successfully removed, and the patient was weaned off the ventilator. Triflow exercises were used to promote alveolar expansion, with the goal of achieving 2 balls for 10 seconds, 5 repetitions per session, 6-8 times a day. The patient’s breathing stabilized at 16-18 breaths per minute, body temperature remained between 35.8°C and 36.1°C, and the mean arterial pressure was maintained between 60-80 mmHg. Conclusion: The critical care team and the palliative care team held a family meeting to discuss not only the patient’s care but also the emotional well-being of the family. Visiting hours were increased to two times per day, one hour each time, allowing the patient and family to express love and gratitude, which strengthened their emotional connection and reduced the patient’s anxiety from severe to mild. The family expressed that they had no regrets. After the patient was transferred to the general ward, the nursing team continued to provide end-of-life care with genuine empathy, compassion, and religious support, helping both the patient and family through the final stage of life. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20metastases" title="multiple metastases">multiple metastases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung%20cancer" title=" lung cancer"> lung cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=palliative%20care" title=" palliative care"> palliative care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nursing%20experience" title=" nursing experience"> nursing experience</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190785/intensive-care-experience-of-providing-palliative-care-for-a-terminal-lung-cancer-patient" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">28</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Nursing Experience in Caring for a Patient with Terminal Gastric Cancer and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pei-Shan%20Liang">Pei-Shan Liang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: This article explores the nursing experience of caring for a patient with terminal gastric cancer complicated by an abdominal aortic aneurysm. The patient experienced physical discomfort due to the disease, initially unable to accept the situation, leading to anxiety, and eventually accepting the need for surgery. Methods: The nursing period was from June 6 to June 10, 2024. Through observation, direct care, conversations, and physical assessments, and using Gordon's eleven functional health patterns for a one-on-one holistic assessment, interdisciplinary team meetings were held with the critical care team and family. Three nursing health issues were identified: pain related to the disease and invasive procedures, anxiety related to uncertainty about disease recovery, and decreased cardiac tissue perfusion related to hemodynamic instability. Results: Open communication techniques and empathetic care were employed to establish a trusting nurse-patient relationship, and patient-centered nursing interventions were developed. Pain was assessed using a 10-point pain scale, and pain medications were adjusted by a pharmacist. Initially, Fentanyl 500mcg with pump run at 1ml/hr was administered, later changed to Ultracet 37.5mg/325mg, 1 tablet every 6 hours orally, reducing the pain score to 3. Lavender aromatherapy and listening to crystal music were used as distractions to alleviate pain, allowing the patient to sleep uninterrupted for at least 7 hours. The patient was encouraged to express feelings and fears through LINE messages or drawings, and a psychologist was invited to provide support. Family members were present at least twice a day for over an hour each time, reducing psychological distress and uncertainty about the prognosis. According to the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the anxiety score dropped from 17 (moderate anxiety) to 6 (no anxiety). Focused nursing care was implemented with close monitoring of vital signs maintaining systolic blood pressure between 112-118 mmHg to ensure adequate myocardial perfusion. The patient was encouraged to get out of bed for postoperative rehabilitation and to strengthen cardiopulmonary function. A chest X-ray showed no abnormalities, and breathing was smooth with Triflow use, maintaining at least 5 seconds with 2 balls four times a day, and SpO2 >96%. Conclusion: The care process highlighted the importance of addressing psychological care in addition to maintaining life when the patient’s condition changes. The presence of family often provided the greatest source of comfort for the patient, helping to reduce anxiety and pain. Nurses must play multiple roles, including advocate, coordinator, educator, and consultant, using various communication techniques and fostering hope by listening to and accepting the patient’s emotional responses. It is hoped that this report will provide a reference for clinical nursing staff and contribute to improving the quality of care. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intensive%20care" title="intensive care">intensive care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gastric%20cancer" title=" gastric cancer"> gastric cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aortic%20aneurysm" title=" aortic aneurysm"> aortic aneurysm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20care" title=" quality of care"> quality of care</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190238/nursing-experience-in-caring-for-a-patient-with-terminal-gastric-cancer-and-abdominal-aortic-aneurysm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190238.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">24</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); 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