CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "help.medium.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8e905e2b5a949b9c',cH: 'WO_4lIB.ursjueScwx1RPOz48WipIHGYO3SOEV3i_dM-1732692154-1.2.1.1-vCxXyyvKt7vJBeSamFhPscwQl50QVq.h.BPAs10FRUU0VdnQmPKCSZmeVTYPvyV6',cUPMDTk: "\/hc\/en-us?source=post_page-----987a38517311--------------------------------&__cf_chl_tk=ZLmRJu7s0WytkSLpTK1sx2CgpS8tLA7ItjttKyPL3sw-1732692154-1.0.1.1-xeB5Lu1L_zAcV258hOdKdk8vq4S3jEy.5.2TpZ8cyeI",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1732692154',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/hc\/en-us?source=post_page-----987a38517311--------------------------------&__cf_chl_f_tk=ZLmRJu7s0WytkSLpTK1sx2CgpS8tLA7ItjttKyPL3sw-1732692154-1.0.1.1-xeB5Lu1L_zAcV258hOdKdk8vq4S3jEy.5.2TpZ8cyeI",md: ".jsT32mEximl8xFpdPZGxRhMX95LLe9YfoDB_N6PArQ-1732692154-1.2.1.1-DJs3sVuwmM3BTNI9YT10nE.vWxqeLa9PrvV6nUHZDPonomamEasUHd5KpEbNuVI8CJ6AfqbRWONDc26Zf0Bcosedqx3aShEKYbMrU3AuOokldMb.A0ZkDoQOUQRnyqzci1NG.oWzqEOwPTi2i7nW2Zy7mMKMTrIiq86mNCUmbCxmQTZUdsYKhpoYXnUaAnVvbBv2tbTNb9vojucHkqzknAt1q8Dkb6S3xJ6I8lSDLnRexImSQSCDjuTh8EE6nEPFntvVUKjEbGugnBbWA0gJkYt2Xda6w5oTjte8R5j32mc0xaQ5W1Xuf.spG_jIBwMzjIO.mfqVovN7rGLdDTAEqWo.snE6LTAvDpLkefbYrz6SoHIaYI2B_ReBf2iEbSLtLag8tUYljzq5iFbpH_gAYX_J9RLameFcL1C3hZs5896m6GwFWphpeAkNNV8dxN0aouDTOWIM9ge6MLFerZWdGxkkQIQuO5GJC5HWoal7dzze4PSggKMxohbYH4VCrzKAQsB.8Av2_hhIjK46I7Dv3CD_4FIThmwFLtpEvcHPmCFDbCUGQZqz748qhv0xq_gkcMl07aBENcMYdRkaAvflG_LvPrVuKqgf6VqtcTw1oeUvQ1zqUQLBYqWeI3KYi2QJgjUszXA5xl9JZ7wzecZdu1T91ul29cczOuobOKeo0ysqJnxqShp1yO1x7op6SCDLNT4aMastvojQr76qcH4enyZC20jvoKReWKiJ9Wf1fqrNdU0jo9lA5r_P.cYCbf5LRsyFo4rDEa.Dnf9Ns.5kylu9wij4X598dMbgWWLB8h.ZA9H_DU4Yeo.Ft_0qe9tgZJYyU4LzXLz8M1KBofuncZBLIUNiOZ2NaIAFZEIWmKnLvSwPAdsqE9BPS4ooEE2SioTe.HGDQPe73sF7GzA8bvnwLCMqwIRzmynICH3VZnT5jWQ1oULYAWMbH9vttWdEo0AWtFXmsVfWApjLLAMDsAIpU1KU3kqcsetx4yuy7M5Lp49tsNVayH6nz2Tdg8fq9MxFke7dVgwPvRAOk66vjWbkHuLhq3wvSaWWRCkuUMkuX8Sz9ZUY3Z1GBG_JxLd.luz2oTx_Xlzef4M3Yw441F4BqBnDouDgJL1B0UU.s2Pu0rfkZC.9WppfIwiKvi02hUwYHidQVIlHSb6RoOXarawzvfTZSIeAFxajFFTBnQ4WJ8UzfaSDxFQzxgih9BKuPVOQiLK3D3W6X3GYYND9X1LGBlGc3VhJ0b98IxX8ystUMb3ehJ62uGKJnNeDGR0q6bnlRU5IdGxHR_THgaRs8C_j65m6_Yngt4.QT4awueksXQIaUkjnie2QGICtXN3WGpfV70rBiJxmz1ol1oRnWpwi5jYiNX_oQBqO01Lcm77oDev3xrfR.phSUy.E0UANwFBmpz6FCcN26_Tb9Mlz28haW0trEEEl0kq_69M0DfJo.NDy8nJy.nfKlWkRf0SsK_HcyaTupXEHzNIQHOQRfB42ooqZ8lIHNEILJtGL2lYuKsBdOBOBqPZnYeBxqyWK9z_jITkb1xdoKwcw1unYVIV9WqmcvN59yF5MQ.G6i5frRraY5P.0OducD_FOTQREsc8nF67v_Q0bT4v8ni_Gm3zd8Go9uX1XN_WGgp2e.wuIBzWyC.itvnIiLJcLMOwZhBFrzriHJya6ngXrlHu6B845z_qbaIEIEPwM9G6kBw26TG0yYVr5SlQp1S4AMekvEsDIiDc9cw.neOCPd5napVZN6h8He_O3Qm4NOxCHfKTSomWp27iOT6gFt9JVcUbT95KU3gZ5kNFoeT.0x5Vbbta38SeNmIgIMnvTb006_APfiywf2CYE83lOzT2T7IYZFhqDDj.DKHsEIWyoB1hxzneiWb4nAcC8IeTCSemIGxKqnqrtU0gol4ncilC50W8Bh7Uux7YizjxYsg58v_w2CPBlpo9VUDO9nRl3eACArC91vAJLiiNBf8w_ISHTODRxYwNoUCkGVSDJDx4JvvF1OVzrbIt.CROUjLTIZC9P_1eKBm7O7OxzYlqtxr4kgIfBEIUc7JVeqFyA4EG2J4dgN4kpkdqNraBTF38wRWpDhYC_ar_JWCvnrGdp8QQdpyHgGH35Ajb3jS6mSgcjbKoXWz_dmhwYFFPXbR8AxB0K_psNsiM9xuzQ9A6kyLjeJeix2NIucpB0DBSBBjy1zbqHDH_F_CsgFsjHl2Dgvhxwa6I_EGuKrHmsBAJPJ4DKpgYrYxhnGdU8ZGadXV4kav63bTds12NO.icbWL0kmEIkLp9Pd4168MR9N80h82Hf2Dqsv7KL_62MeNMhWtyPwBpLP7BxU.7xzsUOJl1_NvYNu3DLYvOzrAk9wmukq0PSYeyU6k7frrT8bIuF8fozA34WQ2QNj34Tx2tofos335EPXmFWilOzS1Hu4sLlVFceBJgITqBdeS.rIN5EKW47g8M8xGunUjN5BPXRFhFMzDmhQ4hGLidSI145JP1Lh_Re8ozXgS_5eI_wVxqvHpfyzMTC_IQHvNl_AcMPon.fJWQbcti6qzCPxcy.Qf6_ygSxn_tQQw_qOvWbCBIb_7UiIpQAUc7mkorBDEbGb4_8qzhTyS8l1DHB9WW1dB.9SjyEQSDax82IyHOO2Ol5PR1MW4W3obtX.GDiegYNrFnhvu0n5CUlchffKmwaUVJNmYg7HazkI.PRzlaeLPChGkpH9IYqI7kqDa4d.Mi3FL_46ywpQMmfIrvHs.hOBNbLZtx8K9xe_21WF3ESLp_ooN.bU1RyBdiNyB8KBBc9P05H3gPDN8B4.Y7lVHLZKAxCOaVQJGmu7fRXljaJiTWjgKQbc9pddQuMMAXPBGYmvSETIbJ7wDwCktDFClx7UK.epMm4tKVj36V6OH6U84BD6nPhihiGHwo2r_eg8GMRNhPQfr_Z5sfE6C0T5oxvzPp0COO5qNbag6LW8Y7IS_c8kKZLtC4rWMHKq87kMyYXQs43FRleX6gU7PnYoXpekmzokeyZIPaclNLOKqbcayEfJENkUURcy9LH8YKbHIqAYa.DK4wrFy_gU0PXmLcJdmRWgQB1vuX_y.GMAZ1AdF2n99Ua9OYbPw",mdrd: "ykQO.2yeKCZpPeQC5XgLzBy5FkkgUkeNoQWyerAh8FA-1732692154-1.2.1.1-wmTxZrAuQFegxlITSPGe8aWha.lVNuQqNtdQR2KXHFe3eWevOVYQAtv0dZfHm1PT0EdhfN3aVbmPKcGKgwPVuRFXY3HN41ZA1jdn_5iBg9Esm.V_yi4DbZgQF508gf3I5DDyspE_SKN6Km6WqSBozUcVc5VgTynw7BC8hkA31NHsY_9alsRjYq0eMaSe_WhQSiu0lcH1ZvZmzVeNDljXrySCZOq8VTKlTheC6ogaec1GKfOkMr_A8wviihNSRSAM5naqvY8F12pJ87qLvvFRDnpHzVlo7GtMLziQR2eOYeM7VtxO1iEFW3Zbt8EJ50Bj4BVDQwqVLrzKlfpHUgMB0M.lHn_fRtVIUhEcexWuLykLEpqUM4y3j6SO2x0aXoFa7ez7yxsrf3aJnLuoYqO0XtQU13F94cCBbx8fIBDH7Kkror7zLErOI3mMR_BEniaMYaD8eJTTSOK4EP9VP.8YS8TbQfjuGN7C9nljAtj5H8OzSQkWr_gjckKn7AbK7ynqiJkePGEuisEQ2J0DuLjwzQEqAUnEYErvHXBc06rs.zckV364hj_N5eg7gGdC1sK_6bpEfdtrP1dK2j6WXXY57XnZuPT5KObpIeUz6FSr7Tw5GKNyCtxf.keoeE8Dp5B.i5uMK6PqU38f1rmRikcYFomLIpkC_RNgEl3YsJEnLxz9zbCtUZuPxzZq_0ulSJJcT_NP5FlMtp_zoDMOrHiKSCGlLPoHd0cspHtU7WtCD5sVxwBE8qyNe2fKMOMp1C9LICGqJisGN7btE2wjlAinfOaokBB0SDRh.7vTgz6D8JW9jIx_qBLSQy.z.1LakZlJfPmyx1FILXUptkEYp7sYc0T0OftoyCROfyWkuNzUNaqNJ6kHPDIzpqDr8mIfUUQiaahSecs48tkpmbIzUj.CBsTzTm.LVON8hlxDdhDBfZfXtLzNijlmLGvBTlzfNgBU7jB6.RF7jD_Ki20Es9qDI57aUvR_Qgm0aQvWU2WDADyoWVQ9c3uEQuJ.q4StQDLTHwDEnzTPbK1sGWClLnMCpPgwqwEjXnL1wHon4S1GK12SfDXpnPQzVp_qakofIW5wDsxSEL7RK_VxpGzcfj5HEHEiqIq4ZvVaOaJ.qW7VUeEa1K4DARufWBCJBDcryL3.dQZlOF8Eds.9Q93SGFvmEJ2Q2EFrcM79zP6ydiao0dXy1Q81Qvb5UvA0KIuLgY_tvP0KVxevAZeuIyohdhwYk_94nR8GIpZEpYeauSdCWgruwnJG2zGJ6ctGLhPG2xXPNRw2qa_UmEwqc6n77PP553mcnE0AL8JFdHIn22o7Wgf7tKnkk328UiRdUohwM6yB8IUu_eSrlypnRpffdMAdXLxGyFS1Wv8KoHZLow082VlqMynNUdSBx5_DlFPKG2QI9Zei24T7bgdd4P8BzzUasYd45xeNY2A4KRPPb5qz4j_qPM6A4zTFuVi8Gfdm_LjuuBGsdmdw50Y3ZybzqkGJZ9hl7QdVlWFuuTqr5PvtreIobae3BbGTPmzZGXnWGJ0DRX6gLNePF0GadMmIT0ljxPIJ6xP12CrWSoZZx.7LjyI7o9j1VCM_EpkgdNFUc.7zBTghZ.vJCsCg5AcpljA6Txjm9hMXB3F8lX6kyV9eGu1oken1v4ZkxRtY5psbSJoOmVFBfQDu6PReeJxllpgsgUlaUhVdfgnpOQC4tEPIpJXBxwyhRouUjm6Qb2pZBCwetFO66HvA4GxRINhZzyBGIfmZbkWux0oJyOm56pXDMYNCku.2Iyq.trGdJTi8m5RhrVZYv.74VjwZsCe.dFx1_7pn3BQT34Kc80ezUY9AcwqliErCbi61RWmTwAgtJv0VSa0wTAK17XEygjQJ9Nab2Zl5l1Nf7j4c0FpeRUQiVVyFLXaaPYGBfyv._E.jwhcQwdlVZPT2EtHprDZIWIq455AlVmY5v2SARnhIf3yNXo0923UlWRYa5o3PLOqNVQfI"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e905e2b5a949b9c';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/hc\/en-us?source=post_page-----987a38517311--------------------------------&__cf_chl_rt_tk=ZLmRJu7s0WytkSLpTK1sx2CgpS8tLA7ItjttKyPL3sw-1732692154-1.0.1.1-xeB5Lu1L_zAcV258hOdKdk8vq4S3jEy.5.2TpZ8cyeI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>