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2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 904</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: gravitational gradient changes</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">634</span> Remote Radiation Mapping Based on UAV Formation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Arguelles%20Perez">Martin Arguelles Perez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Woosoon%20Yim"> Woosoon Yim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Barzilov"> Alexander Barzilov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High-fidelity radiation monitoring is an essential component in the enhancement of the situational awareness capabilities of the Department of Energy’s Office of Environmental Management (DOE-EM) personnel. In this paper, multiple units of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) each equipped with a cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) gamma-ray sensor are used for radiation source localization, which can provide vital real-time data for the EM tasks. To achieve this goal, a fully autonomous system of multicopter-based UAV swarm in 3D tetrahedron formation is used for surveying the area of interest and performing radiation source localization. The CZT sensor used in this study is suitable for small-size multicopter UAVs due to its small size and ease of interfacing with the UAV’s onboard electronics for high-resolution gamma spectroscopy enabling the characterization of radiation hazards. The multicopter platform with a fully autonomous flight feature is suitable for low-altitude applications such as radiation contamination sites. The conventional approach uses a single UAV mapping in a predefined waypoint path to predict the relative location and strength of the source, which can be time-consuming for radiation localization tasks. The proposed UAV swarm-based approach can significantly improve its ability to search for and track radiation sources. In this paper, two approaches are developed using (a) 2D planar circular (3 UAVs) and (b) 3D tetrahedron formation (4 UAVs). In both approaches, accurate estimation of the gradient vector is crucial for heading angle calculation. Each UAV carries the CZT sensor; the real-time radiation data are used for the calculation of a bulk heading vector for the swarm to achieve a UAV swarm’s source-seeking behavior. Also, a spinning formation is studied for both cases to improve gradient estimation near a radiation source. In the 3D tetrahedron formation, a UAV located closest to the source is designated as a lead unit to maintain the tetrahedron formation in space. Such a formation demonstrated a collective and coordinated movement for estimating a gradient vector for the radiation source and determining an optimal heading direction of the swarm. The proposed radiation localization technique is studied by computer simulation and validated experimentally in the indoor flight testbed using gamma sources. The technology presented in this paper provides the capability to readily add/replace radiation sensors to the UAV platforms in the field conditions enabling extensive condition measurement and greatly improving situational awareness and event management. Furthermore, the proposed radiation localization approach allows long-term measurements to be efficiently performed at wide areas of interest to prevent disasters and reduce dose risks to people and infrastructure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation" title="radiation">radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unmanned%20aerial%20system%28UAV%29" title=" unmanned aerial system(UAV)"> unmanned aerial system(UAV)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=source%20localization" title=" source localization"> source localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UAV%20swarm" title=" UAV swarm"> UAV swarm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tetrahedron%20formation" title=" tetrahedron formation"> tetrahedron formation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176233/remote-radiation-mapping-based-on-uav-formation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176233.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">633</span> Experimental Study on Friction Factor of Oscillating Flow Through a Regenerator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Sa%C3%AFd%20Kahaleras">Mohamed Saïd Kahaleras</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fran%C3%A7ois%20Lanzetta"> François Lanzetta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Khan"> Mohamed Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guillaume%20Layes"> Guillaume Layes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philippe%20Nika"> Philippe Nika</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an experimental work to characterize the dynamic operation of a metal regenerator crossed by dry compressible air alternating flow. Unsteady dynamic measurements concern the pressure, velocity and temperature of the gas at the ends and inside the channels of the regenerator. The regenerators are tested under isothermal conditions and thermal axial temperature gradient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20factor" title="friction factor">friction factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oscillating%20flow" title=" oscillating flow"> oscillating flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regenerator" title=" regenerator"> regenerator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stirling%20machine" title=" stirling machine"> stirling machine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2336/experimental-study-on-friction-factor-of-oscillating-flow-through-a-regenerator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2336.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">517</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">632</span> Ensemble Sampler For Infinite-Dimensional Inverse Problems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeremie%20Coullon">Jeremie Coullon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20J.%20Webber"> Robert J. Webber</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We introduce a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sam-pler for infinite-dimensional inverse problems. Our sam-pler is based on the affine invariant ensemble sampler, which uses interacting walkers to adapt to the covariance structure of the target distribution. We extend this ensem-ble sampler for the first time to infinite-dimensional func-tion spaces, yielding a highly efficient gradient-free MCMC algorithm. Because our ensemble sampler does not require gradients or posterior covariance estimates, it is simple to implement and broadly applicable. In many Bayes-ian inverse problems, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) meth-ods are needed to approximate distributions on infinite-dimensional function spaces, for example, in groundwater flow, medical imaging, and traffic flow. Yet designing efficient MCMC methods for function spaces has proved challenging. Recent gradi-ent-based MCMC methods preconditioned MCMC methods, and SMC methods have improved the computational efficiency of functional random walk. However, these samplers require gradi-ents or posterior covariance estimates that may be challenging to obtain. Calculating gradients is difficult or impossible in many high-dimensional inverse problems involving a numerical integra-tor with a black-box code base. Additionally, accurately estimating posterior covariances can require a lengthy pilot run or adaptation period. These concerns raise the question: is there a functional sampler that outperforms functional random walk without requir-ing gradients or posterior covariance estimates? To address this question, we consider a gradient-free sampler that avoids explicit covariance estimation yet adapts naturally to the covariance struc-ture of the sampled distribution. This sampler works by consider-ing an ensemble of walkers and interpolating and extrapolating between walkers to make a proposal. This is called the affine in-variant ensemble sampler (AIES), which is easy to tune, easy to parallelize, and efficient at sampling spaces of moderate dimen-sionality (less than 20). The main contribution of this work is to propose a functional ensemble sampler (FES) that combines func-tional random walk and AIES. To apply this sampler, we first cal-culate the Karhunen–Loeve (KL) expansion for the Bayesian prior distribution, assumed to be Gaussian and trace-class. Then, we use AIES to sample the posterior distribution on the low-wavenumber KL components and use the functional random walk to sample the posterior distribution on the high-wavenumber KL components. Alternating between AIES and functional random walk updates, we obtain our functional ensemble sampler that is efficient and easy to use without requiring detailed knowledge of the target dis-tribution. In past work, several authors have proposed splitting the Bayesian posterior into low-wavenumber and high-wavenumber components and then applying enhanced sampling to the low-wavenumber components. Yet compared to these other samplers, FES is unique in its simplicity and broad applicability. FES does not require any derivatives, and the need for derivative-free sam-plers has previously been emphasized. FES also eliminates the requirement for posterior covariance estimates. Lastly, FES is more efficient than other gradient-free samplers in our tests. In two nu-merical examples, we apply FES to challenging inverse problems that involve estimating a functional parameter and one or more scalar parameters. We compare the performance of functional random walk, FES, and an alternative derivative-free sampler that explicitly estimates the posterior covariance matrix. We conclude that FES is the fastest available gradient-free sampler for these challenging and multimodal test problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayesian%20inverse%20problems" title="Bayesian inverse problems">Bayesian inverse problems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markov%20chain%20Monte%20Carlo" title=" Markov chain Monte Carlo"> Markov chain Monte Carlo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infinite-dimensional%20inverse%20problems" title=" infinite-dimensional inverse problems"> infinite-dimensional inverse problems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dimensionality%20reduction" title=" dimensionality reduction"> dimensionality reduction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136397/ensemble-sampler-for-infinite-dimensional-inverse-problems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136397.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">631</span> Study of Half-Metallic Ferromagnetism in CeFeO3</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abbad">A. Abbad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Benstaali"> W. Benstaali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory and generalize gradient approximation, we predict electronic and magnetic properties of CeFeO3 orthorhombic perovskite. The calculated densities of states presented in this study identify the metallic behavior CeFeO3 when we use the GGA scheme, whereas when we use the GGA+U, we see that its exhibits half-metallic character with an integer magnetic moment of 24μB per formula unit at its equilibrium volume which makes this compound promising candidate for applications in spintronics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CeFeO3" title="CeFeO3">CeFeO3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20moment" title=" magnetic moment"> magnetic moment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=half-metallic" title=" half-metallic"> half-metallic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20properties" title=" electronic properties"> electronic properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46522/study-of-half-metallic-ferromagnetism-in-cefeo3" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46522.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">373</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">630</span> Assessment of Rangeland Condition in a Dryland System Using UAV-Based Multispectral Imagery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vistorina%20Amputu">Vistorina Amputu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katja%20Tielboerger"> Katja Tielboerger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nichola%20Knox"> Nichola Knox</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Primary productivity in dry savannahs is constraint by moisture availability and under increasing anthropogenic pressure. Thus, considering climate change and the unprecedented pace and scale of rangeland deterioration, methods for assessing the status of such rangelands should be easy to apply, yield reliable and repeatable results that can be applied over large spatial scales. Global and local scale monitoring of rangelands through satellite data and labor-intensive field measurements respectively, are limited in accurately assessing the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of vegetation dynamics to provide crucial information that detects degradation in its early stages. Fortunately, newly emerging techniques such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), associated miniaturized sensors and improving digital photogrammetric software provide an opportunity to transcend these limitations. Yet, they have not been extensively calibrated in natural systems to encompass their complexities if they are to be integrated for long-term monitoring. Limited research using drone technology has been conducted in arid savannas, for example to assess the health status of this dynamic two-layer vegetation ecosystem. In our study, we fill this gap by testing the relationship between UAV-estimated cover of rangeland functional attributes and field data collected in discrete sample plots in a Namibian dryland savannah along a degradation gradient. The first results are based on a supervised classification performed on the ultra-high resolution multispectral imagery to distinguish between rangeland functional attributes (bare, non-woody, and woody), with a relatively good match to the field observations. Integrating UAV-based observations to improve rangeland monitoring could greatly assist in climate-adapted rangeland management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arid%20savannah" title="arid savannah">arid savannah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degradation%20gradient" title=" degradation gradient"> degradation gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20observations" title=" field observations"> field observations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=narrow-band%20sensor" title=" narrow-band sensor"> narrow-band sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supervised%20classification" title=" supervised classification"> supervised classification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139553/assessment-of-rangeland-condition-in-a-dryland-system-using-uav-based-multispectral-imagery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139553.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">629</span> Evidence of Half-Metallicity in Cubic PrMnO3 Perovskite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Bouadjemi">B. Bouadjemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Bentata"> S. Bentata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Benstaali"> W. Benstaali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abbad"> A. Abbad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The electronic and magnetic properties of the cubic praseodymium oxides perovskites PrMnO3 were calculated using the density functional theory (DFT) with both generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and GGA+U approaches, where U is on-site Coulomb interaction correction. The results show a half-metallic ferromagnetic ground state for PrMnO3 in GGA+U approached, while semi-metallic ferromagnetic character is observed in GGA. The results obtained, make the cubic PrMnO3 a promising candidate for application in spintronics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first-principles" title="first-principles">first-principles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20properties" title=" electronic properties"> electronic properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transition%20metal" title=" transition metal"> transition metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=materials%20science" title=" materials science"> materials science</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1436/evidence-of-half-metallicity-in-cubic-prmno3-perovskite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1436.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">472</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">628</span> The Study of Fine and Nanoscale Gold in the Ores of Primary Deposits and Gold-Bearing Placers of Kazakhstan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omarova%20Gulnara">Omarova Gulnara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Assubayeva%20Saltanat"> Assubayeva Saltanat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tugambay%20Symbat"> Tugambay Symbat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bulegenov%20Kanat"> Bulegenov Kanat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article discusses the problem of developing a methodology for studying thin and nanoscale gold in ores and placers of primary deposits, which will allow us to develop schemes for revealing dispersed gold inclusions and thus improve its recovery rate to increase the gold reserves of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The type of studied gold, is characterized by a number of features. In connection with this, the conditions of its concentration and distribution in ore bodies and formations, as well as the possibility of reliably determining it by "traditional" methods, differ significantly from that of fine gold (less than 0.25 microns) and even more so from that of larger grains. The mineral composition of rocks (metasomatites) and gold ore and the mineralization associated with them were studied in detail on the Kalba ore field in Kazakhstan. Mineralized zones were identified, and samples were taken from them for analytical studies. The research revealed paragenetic relationships of newly formed mineral formations at the nanoscale, which makes it possible to clarify the conditions for the formation of deposits with a particular type of mineralization. This will provide significant assistance in developing a scheme for study. Typomorphic features of gold were revealed, and mechanisms of formation and aggregation of gold nanoparticles were proposed. The presence of a large number of particles isolated at the laboratory stage from concentrates of gravitational enrichment can serve as an indicator of the presence of even smaller particles in the object. Even the most advanced devices based on gravitational methods for gold concentration provide extraction of metal at a level of around 50%, while pulverized metal is extracted much worse, and gold of less than 1 micron size is extracted at only a few percent. Therefore, when particles of gold smaller than 10 microns are detected, their actual numbers may be significantly higher than expected. In particular, at the studied sites, enrichment of slurry and samples with volumes up to 1 m³ was carried out using a screw lock or separator to produce a final concentrate weighing up to several kilograms. Free gold particles were extracted from the concentrates in the laboratory using a number of processes (magnetic and electromagnetic separation, washing with bromoform in a cup to obtain an ultracontentrate, etc.) and examined under electron microscopes to investigate the nature of their surface and chemical composition. The main result of the study was the detection of gold nanoparticles located on the surface of loose metal grains. The most characteristic forms of gold secretions are individual nanoparticles and aggregates of different configurations. Sometimes, aggregates form solid dense films, deposits, and crusts, all of which are confined to the negative forms of the nano- and microrelief on the surfaces of golden. The results will provide significant knowledge about the prevalence and conditions for the distribution of fine and nanoscale gold in Kazakhstan deposits, as well as the development of methods for studying it, which will minimize losses of this type of gold during extraction. Acknowledgments: This publication has been produced within the framework of the Grant "Development of methodology for studying fine and nanoscale gold in ores of primary deposits, placers and products of their processing" (АР23485052, №235/GF24-26). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20microscopy" title="electron microscopy">electron microscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microminerology" title=" microminerology"> microminerology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=placers" title=" placers"> placers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20and%20nanoscale%20gold" title=" thin and nanoscale gold"> thin and nanoscale gold</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189356/the-study-of-fine-and-nanoscale-gold-in-the-ores-of-primary-deposits-and-gold-bearing-placers-of-kazakhstan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189356.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">30</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">627</span> Optimal Placement and Sizing of Energy Storage System in Distribution Network with Photovoltaic Based Distributed Generation Using Improved Firefly Algorithms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ling%20Ai%20Wong">Ling Ai Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussain%20Shareef"> Hussain Shareef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azah%20Mohamed"> Azah Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Asrul%20Ibrahim"> Ahmad Asrul Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The installation of photovoltaic based distributed generation (PVDG) in active distribution system can lead to voltage fluctuation due to the intermittent and unpredictable PVDG output power. This paper presented a method in mitigating the voltage rise by optimally locating and sizing the battery energy storage system (BESS) in PVDG integrated distribution network. The improved firefly algorithm is used to perform optimal placement and sizing. Three objective functions are presented considering the voltage deviation and BESS off-time with state of charge as the constraint. The performance of the proposed method is compared with another optimization method such as the original firefly algorithm and gravitational search algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed optimum BESS location and size improve the voltage stability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BESS" title="BESS">BESS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firefly%20algorithm" title=" firefly algorithm"> firefly algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PVDG" title=" PVDG"> PVDG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20fluctuation" title=" voltage fluctuation"> voltage fluctuation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68642/optimal-placement-and-sizing-of-energy-storage-system-in-distribution-network-with-photovoltaic-based-distributed-generation-using-improved-firefly-algorithms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">626</span> Study on Aerosol Behavior in Piping Assembly under Varying Flow Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anubhav%20Kumar%20Dwivedi">Anubhav Kumar Dwivedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arshad%20Khan"> Arshad Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20N.%20Tripathi"> S. N. Tripathi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manish%20Joshi"> Manish Joshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaurav%20Mishra"> Gaurav Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dinesh%20Nath"> Dinesh Nath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naveen%20Tiwari"> Naveen Tiwari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20K.%20Sapra"> B. K. Sapra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a nuclear reactor accident scenario, a large number of fission products may release to the piping system of the primary heat transport. The released fission products, mostly in the form of the aerosol, get deposited on the inner surface of the piping system mainly due to gravitational settling and thermophoretic deposition. The removal processes in the complex piping system are controlled to a large extent by the thermal-hydraulic conditions like temperature, pressure, and flow rates. These parameters generally vary with time and therefore must be carefully monitored to predict the aerosol behavior in the piping system. The removal process of aerosol depends on the size of particles that determines how many particles get deposit or travel across the bends and reach to the other end of the piping system. The released aerosol gets deposited onto the inner surface of the piping system by various mechanisms like gravitational settling, Brownian diffusion, thermophoretic deposition, and by other deposition mechanisms. To quantify the correct estimate of deposition, the identification and understanding of the aforementioned deposition mechanisms are of great importance. These mechanisms are significantly affected by different flow and thermodynamic conditions. Thermophoresis also plays a significant role in particle deposition. In the present study, a series of experiments were performed in the piping system of the National Aerosol Test Facility (NATF), BARC using metal aerosols (zinc) in dry environments to study the spatial distribution of particles mass and number concentration, and their depletion due to various removal mechanisms in the piping system. The experiments were performed at two different carrier gas flow rates. The commercial CFD software FLUENT is used to determine the distribution of temperature, velocity, pressure, and turbulence quantities in the piping system. In addition to the in-built models for turbulence, heat transfer and flow in the commercial CFD code (FLUENT), a new sub-model PBM (population balance model) is used to describe the coagulation process and to compute the number concentration along with the size distribution at different sections of the piping. In the sub-model coagulation kernels are incorporated through user-defined function (UDF). The experimental results are compared with the CFD modeled results. It is found that most of the Zn particles (more than 35 %) deposit near the inlet of the plenum chamber and a low deposition is obtained in piping sections. The MMAD decreases along the length of the test assembly, which shows that large particles get deposited or removed in the course of flow, and only fine particles travel to the end of the piping system. The effect of a bend is also observed, and it is found that the relative loss in mass concentration at bends is more in case of a high flow rate. The simulation results show that the thermophoresis and depositional effects are more dominating for the small and larger sizes as compared to the intermediate particles size. Both SEM and XRD analysis of the collected samples show the samples are highly agglomerated non-spherical and composed mainly of ZnO. The coupled model framed in this work could be used as an important tool for predicting size distribution and concentration of some other aerosol released during a reactor accident scenario. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerosol" title="aerosol">aerosol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deposition" title=" deposition"> deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coagulation" title=" coagulation"> coagulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109334/study-on-aerosol-behavior-in-piping-assembly-under-varying-flow-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109334.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">625</span> AI-Powered Prediction of Email Spoofing Using Deep Learning Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Kannaiya%20Raja">N. Kannaiya Raja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Himay%20Mehta"> Himay Mehta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jay%20Garg"> Jay Garg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anurag%20Kumar%20Singh"> Anurag Kumar Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aryan%20Tiwari"> Aryan Tiwari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daksha%20Thorecha"> Daksha Thorecha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Email spoofing poses a significant threat to cybersecurity, as it exploits vulnerabilities in email systems to mislead individuals and organizations, leading to data breaches, financial losses, and compromised systems. To tackle this issue, this research presents an AI-powered framework that leverages deep learning techniques to detect spoofed emails with high accuracy. The framework analyzes various factors, including email content, metadata, and sender authenticity, to identify fraudulent messages effectively. Furthermore, the study evaluates machine learning approaches for phishing detection using a balanced dataset of legitimate and phishing emails. Among seven tested algorithms, Gradient Boosting demonstrated superior performance, achieving an accuracy of 96.1% and an AUC score of 97.9%. These findings highlight the advantages of ensemble and neural-based models in capturing intricate phishing patterns. However, challenges such as dependence on specific datasets and the difficulty of detecting deceptive emails that mimic legitimate ones underscore the need for further advancements. The deep learning model, trained on diverse datasets that include linguistic and header information, showed robust results with high accuracy and minimal false positives. This research highlights the crucial role of automation in improving detection systems and strengthening email security. By providing a scalable and efficient solution, it strengthens efforts to combat email spoofing and phishing. Integrating such AI-driven tools into existing email platforms can proactively mitigate these threats, fostering a more secure digital communication environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20networks%20%28NN%29" title="neural networks (NN)">neural networks (NN)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gradient%20boosting%20%28GB%29" title=" gradient boosting (GB)"> gradient boosting (GB)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20forest%20%28DF%29" title=" decision forest (DF)"> decision forest (DF)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=support%20vector%20machine%20%28SVM%29" title=" support vector machine (SVM)"> support vector machine (SVM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=false%20positives%20and%20negatives%20%28FPFN%29" title=" false positives and negatives (FPFN)"> false positives and negatives (FPFN)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20detection%20models%20%28ADM%29" title=" adaptive detection models (ADM)"> adaptive detection models (ADM)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/198109/ai-powered-prediction-of-email-spoofing-using-deep-learning-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/198109.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">16</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">624</span> Optimum Dimensions of Hydraulic Structures Foundation and Protections Using Coupled Genetic Algorithm with Artificial Neural Network Model </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dheyaa%20W.%20Abbood">Dheyaa W. Abbood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafa%20H.%20AL-Suhaili"> Rafa H. AL-Suhaili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=May%20S.%20Saleh"> May S. Saleh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A model using the artificial neural networks and genetic algorithm technique is developed for obtaining optimum dimensions of the foundation length and protections of small hydraulic structures. The procedure involves optimizing an objective function comprising a weighted summation of the state variables. The decision variables considered in the optimization are the upstream and downstream cutoffs length sand their angles of inclination, the foundation length, and the length of the downstream soil protection. These were obtained for a given maximum difference in head, depth of impervious layer and degree of anisotropy.The optimization carried out subjected to constraints that ensure a safe structure against the uplift pressure force and sufficient protection length at the downstream side of the structure to overcome an excessive exit gradient. The Geo-studios oft ware, was used to analyze 1200 different cases. For each case the length of protection and volume of structure required to satisfy the safety factors mentioned previously were estimated. An ANN model was developed and verified using these cases input-output sets as its data base. A MatLAB code was written to perform a genetic algorithm optimization modeling coupled with this ANN model using a formulated optimization model. A sensitivity analysis was done for selecting the cross-over probability, the mutation probability and level ,the number of population, the position of the crossover and the weights distribution for all the terms of the objective function. Results indicate that the most factor that affects the optimum solution is the number of population required. The minimum value that gives stable global optimum solution of this parameters is (30000) while other variables have little effect on the optimum solution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclined%20cutoff" title="inclined cutoff">inclined cutoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20networks" title=" artificial neural networks"> artificial neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geo-studio" title=" geo-studio"> geo-studio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uplift%20pressure" title=" uplift pressure"> uplift pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exit%20gradient" title=" exit gradient"> exit gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factor%20of%20safety" title=" factor of safety"> factor of safety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30193/optimum-dimensions-of-hydraulic-structures-foundation-and-protections-using-coupled-genetic-algorithm-with-artificial-neural-network-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30193.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">623</span> Wall Shear Stress Under an Impinging Planar Jet Using the Razor Blade Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ritcey">A. Ritcey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20R.%20Mcdermid"> J. R. Mcdermid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ziada"> S. Ziada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wall shear stress was experimentally measured under a planar impinging air jet as a function of jet Reynolds number (Rejet = 5000, 8000, 11000) and different normalized impingement distances (H/D = 4, 6, 8, 10, 12) using the razor blade technique to complete a parametric study. The wall pressure, wall pressure gradient, and wall shear stress information were obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20fluid%20mechanics" title="experimental fluid mechanics">experimental fluid mechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impinging%20planar%20jets" title=" impinging planar jets"> impinging planar jets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20friction%20factor" title=" skin friction factor"> skin friction factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20shear%20stress" title=" wall shear stress"> wall shear stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25336/wall-shear-stress-under-an-impinging-planar-jet-using-the-razor-blade-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25336.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">622</span> Delineating Floodplain along the Nasia River in Northern Ghana Using HAND Contour</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjamin%20K.%20Ghansah">Benjamin K. Ghansah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20K.%20Appoh"> Richard K. Appoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iliya%20Nababa"> Iliya Nababa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eric%20K.%20Forkuo"> Eric K. Forkuo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Nasia River is an important source of water for domestic and agricultural purposes to the inhabitants of its catchment. Major farming activities takes place within the floodplain of the river and its network of tributaries. The actual inundation extent of the river system is; however, unknown. Reasons for this lack of information include financial constraints and inadequate human resources as flood modelling is becoming increasingly complex by the day. Knowledge of the inundation extent will help in the assessment of risk posed by the annual flooding of the river, and help in the planning of flood recession agricultural activities. This study used a simple terrain based algorithm, Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND), to delineate the floodplain of the Nasia River and its tributaries. The HAND model is a drainage normalized digital elevation model, which has its height reference based on the local drainage systems rather than the average mean sea level (AMSL). The underlying principle guiding the development of the HAND model is that hillslope flow paths behave differently when the reference gradient is to the local drainage network as compared to the seaward gradient. The new terrain model of the catchment was created using the NASA’s SRTM Digital Elevation Model (DEM) 30m as the only data input. Contours (HAND Contour) were then generated from the normalized DEM. Based on field flood inundation survey, historical information of flooding of the area as well as satellite images, a HAND Contour of 2m was found to best correlates with the flood inundation extent of the river and its tributaries. A percentage accuracy of 75% was obtained when the surface area created by the 2m contour was compared with surface area of the floodplain computed from a satellite image captured during the peak flooding season in September 2016. It was estimated that the flooding of the Nasia River and its tributaries created a floodplain area of 1011 km². <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20elevation%20model" title="digital elevation model">digital elevation model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floodplain" title=" floodplain"> floodplain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HAND%20contour" title=" HAND contour"> HAND contour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inundation%20extent" title=" inundation extent"> inundation extent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasia%20River" title=" Nasia River"> Nasia River</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68869/delineating-floodplain-along-the-nasia-river-in-northern-ghana-using-hand-contour" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68869.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">621</span> Investigating the Atmospheric Phase Distribution of Inorganic Reactive Nitrogen Species along the Urban Transect of Indo Gangetic Plains</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reema%20Tiwari">Reema Tiwari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20C.%20Kulshrestha"> U. C. Kulshrestha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a key regulator of atmospheric oxidative capacity and secondary aerosol formations, the signatures of reactive nitrogen (Nr) emissions are becoming increasingly evident in the cascade of air pollution, acidification, and eutrophication of the ecosystem. However, their accurate estimates in N budget remains limited by the photochemical conversion processes where occurrence of differential atmospheric residence time of gaseous (NOₓ, HNO₃, NH₃) and particulate (NO₃⁻, NH₄⁺) Nr species becomes imperative to their spatio temporal evolution on a synoptic scale. The present study attempts to quantify such interactions under tropical conditions when low anticyclonic winds become favorable to the advections from west during winters. For this purpose, a diurnal sampling was conducted using low volume sampler assembly where ambient concentrations of Nr trace gases along with their ionic fractions in the aerosol samples were determined with UV-spectrophotometer and ion chromatography respectively. The results showed a spatial gradient of the gaseous precursors with a much pronounced inter site variability (p < 0.05) than their particulate fractions. Such observations were confirmed for their limited photochemical conversions where less than 1 ratios of day and night measurements (D/N) for the different Nr fractions suggested an influence of boundary layer dynamics at the background site. These phase conversion processes were further corroborated with the molar ratios of NOₓ/NOᵧ and NH₃/NHₓ where incomplete titrations of NOₓ and NH₃ emissions were observed irrespective of their diurnal phases along the sampling transect. Their calculations with equilibrium based approaches for an NH₃-HNO₃-NH₄NO₃ system, on the other hand, were characterized by delays in equilibrium attainment where plots of their below deliquescence Kₘ and Kₚ values with 1000/T confirmed the role of lower temperature ranges in NH₄NO₃ aerosol formation. These results would help us in not only resolving the changing atmospheric inputs of reduced (NH₃, NH₄⁺) and oxidized (NOₓ, HNO₃, NO₃⁻) Nr estimates but also in understanding the dependence of Nr mixing ratios on their local meteorological conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diurnal%20ratios" title="diurnal ratios">diurnal ratios</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas-aerosol%20interactions" title=" gas-aerosol interactions"> gas-aerosol interactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20gradient" title=" spatial gradient"> spatial gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermodynamic%20equilibrium" title=" thermodynamic equilibrium"> thermodynamic equilibrium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101393/investigating-the-atmospheric-phase-distribution-of-inorganic-reactive-nitrogen-species-along-the-urban-transect-of-indo-gangetic-plains" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101393.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">620</span> Stock Prediction and Portfolio Optimization Thesis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deniz%20Peksen">Deniz Peksen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This thesis aims to predict trend movement of closing price of stock and to maximize portfolio by utilizing the predictions. In this context, the study aims to define a stock portfolio strategy from models created by using Logistic Regression, Gradient Boosting and Random Forest. Recently, predicting the trend of stock price has gained a significance role in making buy and sell decisions and generating returns with investment strategies formed by machine learning basis decisions. There are plenty of studies in the literature on the prediction of stock prices in capital markets using machine learning methods but most of them focus on closing prices instead of the direction of price trend. Our study differs from literature in terms of target definition. Ours is a classification problem which is focusing on the market trend in next 20 trading days. To predict trend direction, fourteen years of data were used for training. Following three years were used for validation. Finally, last three years were used for testing. Training data are between 2002-06-18 and 2016-12-30 Validation data are between 2017-01-02 and 2019-12-31 Testing data are between 2020-01-02 and 2022-03-17 We determine Hold Stock Portfolio, Best Stock Portfolio and USD-TRY Exchange rate as benchmarks which we should outperform. We compared our machine learning basis portfolio return on test data with return of Hold Stock Portfolio, Best Stock Portfolio and USD-TRY Exchange rate. We assessed our model performance with the help of roc-auc score and lift charts. We use logistic regression, Gradient Boosting and Random Forest with grid search approach to fine-tune hyper-parameters. As a result of the empirical study, the existence of uptrend and downtrend of five stocks could not be predicted by the models. When we use these predictions to define buy and sell decisions in order to generate model-based-portfolio, model-based-portfolio fails in test dataset. It was found that Model-based buy and sell decisions generated a stock portfolio strategy whose returns can not outperform non-model portfolio strategies on test dataset. We found that any effort for predicting the trend which is formulated on stock price is a challenge. We found same results as Random Walk Theory claims which says that stock price or price changes are unpredictable. Our model iterations failed on test dataset. Although, we built up several good models on validation dataset, we failed on test dataset. We implemented Random Forest, Gradient Boosting and Logistic Regression. We discovered that complex models did not provide advantage or additional performance while comparing them with Logistic Regression. More complexity did not lead us to reach better performance. Using a complex model is not an answer to figure out the stock-related prediction problem. Our approach was to predict the trend instead of the price. This approach converted our problem into classification. However, this label approach does not lead us to solve the stock prediction problem and deny or refute the accuracy of the Random Walk Theory for the stock price. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stock%20prediction" title="stock prediction">stock prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=portfolio%20optimization" title=" portfolio optimization"> portfolio optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20science" title=" data science"> data science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158788/stock-prediction-and-portfolio-optimization-thesis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158788.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">619</span> Leveraging Natural Language Processing for Legal Artificial Intelligence: A Longformer Approach for Taiwanese Legal Cases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsin%20Lee">Hsin Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsuan%20Lee"> Hsuan Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Legal artificial intelligence (LegalAI) has been increasing applications within legal systems, propelled by advancements in natural language processing (NLP). Compared with general documents, legal case documents are typically long text sequences with intrinsic logical structures. Most existing language models have difficulty understanding the long-distance dependencies between different structures. Another unique challenge is that while the Judiciary of Taiwan has released legal judgments from various levels of courts over the years, there remains a significant obstacle in the lack of labeled datasets. This deficiency makes it difficult to train models with strong generalization capabilities, as well as accurately evaluate model performance. To date, models in Taiwan have yet to be specifically trained on judgment data. Given these challenges, this research proposes a Longformer-based pre-trained language model explicitly devised for retrieving similar judgments in Taiwanese legal documents. This model is trained on a self-constructed dataset, which this research has independently labeled to measure judgment similarities, thereby addressing a void left by the lack of an existing labeled dataset for Taiwanese judgments. This research adopts strategies such as early stopping and gradient clipping to prevent overfitting and manage gradient explosion, respectively, thereby enhancing the model's performance. The model in this research is evaluated using both the dataset and the Average Entropy of Offense-charged Clustering (AEOC) metric, which utilizes the notion of similar case scenarios within the same type of legal cases. Our experimental results illustrate our model's significant advancements in handling similarity comparisons within extensive legal judgments. By enabling more efficient retrieval and analysis of legal case documents, our model holds the potential to facilitate legal research, aid legal decision-making, and contribute to the further development of LegalAI in Taiwan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal%20artificial%20intelligence" title="legal artificial intelligence">legal artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computation%20and%20language" title=" computation and language"> computation and language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20model" title=" language model"> language model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taiwanese%20legal%20cases" title=" Taiwanese legal cases"> Taiwanese legal cases</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169638/leveraging-natural-language-processing-for-legal-artificial-intelligence-a-longformer-approach-for-taiwanese-legal-cases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">618</span> Analysis of the Black Sea Gas Hydrates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukru%20Merey">Sukru Merey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caglar%20Sinayuc"> Caglar Sinayuc</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gas hydrate deposits which are found in deep ocean sediments and in permafrost regions are supposed to be a fossil fuel reserve for the future. The Black Sea is also considered rich in terms of gas hydrates. It abundantly contains gas hydrates as methane (CH<sub>4</sub>~80 to 99.9%) source. In this study, by using the literature, seismic and other data of the Black Sea such as salinity, porosity of the sediments, common gas type, temperature distribution and pressure gradient, the optimum gas production method for the Black Sea gas hydrates was selected as mainly depressurization method. Numerical simulations were run to analyze gas production from gas hydrate deposited in turbidites in the Black Sea by depressurization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CH4%20hydrate" title="CH4 hydrate">CH4 hydrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Black%20Sea%20hydrates" title=" Black Sea hydrates"> Black Sea hydrates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20hydrate%20experiments" title=" gas hydrate experiments"> gas hydrate experiments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HydrateResSim" title=" HydrateResSim"> HydrateResSim</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48996/analysis-of-the-black-sea-gas-hydrates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48996.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">630</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">617</span> Effectiveness of Adrenal Venous Sampling in the Management of Primary Aldosteronism: Single Centered Cohort Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Sri Lanka</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Balasooriya%20B.%20M.%20C.%20M.">Balasooriya B. M. C. M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sujeeva%20N."> Sujeeva N.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thowfeek%20Z."> Thowfeek Z.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siddiqa%20Omo"> Siddiqa Omo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liyanagunawardana%20J.%20E."> Liyanagunawardana J. E.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jayawardana%20Saiu"> Jayawardana Saiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manathunga%20S.%20S."> Manathunga S. S.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katulanda%20G.%20W."> Katulanda G. W.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction and objectives: Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is the gold standard to discriminate unilateral primary aldosteronism (UPA) from bilateral disease (BPA). AVS is technically demanding and only performed in a limited number of centers worldwide. To the best of our knowledge, Except for one study conducted in India, no other research studies on this area have been conducted in South Asia. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of AVS in the management of primary aldosteronism. Methods: A total of 32 patients who underwent AVS at the National Hospital of Sri Lanka from April 2021 to April 2023 were enrolled. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were obtained retrospectively. A procedure was considered successful when adequate cannulation of both adrenal veins was demonstrated. Cortisol gradient across the adrenal vein (AV) and the peripheral vein was used to establish the success of venous cannulation. Lateralization was determined by the aldosterone gradient between the two sides. Continuous and categorical variables were summarized with mean, SD, and proportions, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of the contralateral suppression index (CSI) were estimated with an intercept-only Bayesian inference model. Results: Of the 32 patients, the average age was 52.47 +26.14 and 19 (59.4%) were males. Both AVs were successfully cannulated in 12 (37.5%). Among them, lateralization was demonstrated in 11(91.7%), and one was diagnosed as a bilateral disease. There were no total failures. Right AV cannulation was unsuccessful in 18 (56.25%), of which lateralization was demonstrated in 9 (50%), and others were inconclusive. Left AV cannulation was unsuccessful only in 2 (6.25%); one was lateralized, and the other remained inconclusive. The estimated mean of the CSI was 0.33 (89% credible interval 0.11-0.86). Seven patients underwent unilateral adrenalectomy and demonstrated significant improvement in blood pressure during follow-up. Two patients await surgery. Others were treated medically. Conclusions: Despite failure due to procedural difficulties, AVS remained useful in the management of patients with PA. Moreover, the success of the procedure needs experienced hands and advanced equipment to achieve optimal outcomes in PA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adrenal%20venous%20sampling" title="adrenal venous sampling">adrenal venous sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateralization" title=" lateralization"> lateralization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contralateral%20suppression%20index" title=" contralateral suppression index"> contralateral suppression index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20aldosteronism" title=" primary aldosteronism"> primary aldosteronism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182033/effectiveness-of-adrenal-venous-sampling-in-the-management-of-primary-aldosteronism-single-centered-cohort-study-at-a-tertiary-care-hospital-in-sri-lanka" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182033.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">616</span> Gas-Liquid Flow Void Fraction Identification Using Slippage Number Froud Mixture Number Relation in Bubbly Flow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaber%20Masoud%20Alyami">Jaber Masoud Alyami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelsalam%20H.%20Alsrkhi"> Abdelsalam H. Alsrkhi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Characterizing and modeling multi-phase flow is a complicated scientific and technical phenomenon represented by a variety of interrelated elements. Yet, the introduction of dimensionless numbers used to grasp gas-liquid flow is a significant step in controlling and improving the multi-phase flow area. SL (Slippage number), for instance is a strong dimensionless number defined as a the ratio of the difference in gravitational forces between slip and no-slip conditions to the inertial force of the gas. The fact that plotting SL versus Frm provides a single acceptable curve for all of the data provided proves that SL may be used to realize the behavior of gas-liquid flow. This paper creates a numerical link between SL and Froud mixing number using vertical gas-liquid flow and then utilizes that relationship to validate its reliability in practice. An improved correlation in drift flux model generated from the experimental data and its rationality has been verified. The method in this paper is to approach for predicting the void fraction in bubbly flow through SL/Frm relation and the limitations of this method, as well as areas for development, are stated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiphase%20flow" title="multiphase flow">multiphase flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas-liquid%20flow" title=" gas-liquid flow"> gas-liquid flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slippage" title=" slippage"> slippage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=void%20farction" title=" void farction"> void farction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164960/gas-liquid-flow-void-fraction-identification-using-slippage-number-froud-mixture-number-relation-in-bubbly-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164960.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">615</span> Analyzing Boson Star as a Candidate for Dark Galaxy Using ADM Formulation of General Relativity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aria%20Ratmandanu">Aria Ratmandanu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Boson stars can be viewed as zero temperature ground state, Bose-Einstein condensates, characterized by enormous occupation numbers. Time-dependent spherically symmetric spacetime can be a model of Boson Star. We use (3+1) split of Einstein equation (ADM formulation of general relativity) to solve Einstein field equation coupled to a complex scalar field (Einstein-Klein-Gordon Equation) on time-dependent spherically symmetric spacetime, We get the result that Boson stars are pulsating stars with the frequency of oscillation equal to its density. We search for interior solution of Boson stars and get the T.O.V. (Tollman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff) equation for Boson stars. Using T.O.V. equation, we get the equation of state and the relation between pressure and density, its total mass and along with its gravitational Mass. We found that the hypothetical particle Axion could form a Boson star with the size of a milky way galaxy and make it a candidate for a dark galaxy, (a galaxy that consists almost entirely of dark matter). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axion" title="axion">axion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boson%20star" title=" boson star"> boson star</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dark%20galaxy" title=" dark galaxy"> dark galaxy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time-dependent%20spherically%20symmetric%20spacetime" title=" time-dependent spherically symmetric spacetime"> time-dependent spherically symmetric spacetime</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70005/analyzing-boson-star-as-a-candidate-for-dark-galaxy-using-adm-formulation-of-general-relativity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70005.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">614</span> Comparative Analysis of Reinforcement Learning Algorithms for Autonomous Driving</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Migena%20Mana">Migena Mana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Khalid%20Syed"> Ahmed Khalid Syed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Malik"> Abdul Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikhil%20Cherian"> Nikhil Cherian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, advancements in deep learning enabled researchers to tackle the problem of self-driving cars. Car companies use huge datasets to train their deep learning models to make autonomous cars a reality. However, this approach has certain drawbacks in that the state space of possible actions for a car is so huge that there cannot be a dataset for every possible road scenario. To overcome this problem, the concept of reinforcement learning (RL) is being investigated in this research. Since the problem of autonomous driving can be modeled in a simulation, it lends itself naturally to the domain of reinforcement learning. The advantage of this approach is that we can model different and complex road scenarios in a simulation without having to deploy in the real world. The autonomous agent can learn to drive by finding the optimal policy. This learned model can then be easily deployed in a real-world setting. In this project, we focus on three RL algorithms: Q-learning, Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG), and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO). To model the environment, we have used TORCS (The Open Racing Car Simulator), which provides us with a strong foundation to test our model. The inputs to the algorithms are the sensor data provided by the simulator such as velocity, distance from side pavement, etc. The outcome of this research project is a comparative analysis of these algorithms. Based on the comparison, the PPO algorithm gives the best results. When using PPO algorithm, the reward is greater, and the acceleration, steering angle and braking are more stable compared to the other algorithms, which means that the agent learns to drive in a better and more efficient way in this case. Additionally, we have come up with a dataset taken from the training of the agent with DDPG and PPO algorithms. It contains all the steps of the agent during one full training in the form: (all input values, acceleration, steering angle, break, loss, reward). This study can serve as a base for further complex road scenarios. Furthermore, it can be enlarged in the field of computer vision, using the images to find the best policy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomous%20driving" title="autonomous driving">autonomous driving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DDPG%20%28deep%20deterministic%20policy%20gradient%29" title=" DDPG (deep deterministic policy gradient)"> DDPG (deep deterministic policy gradient)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PPO%20%28proximal%20policy%20optimization%29" title=" PPO (proximal policy optimization)"> PPO (proximal policy optimization)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforcement%20learning" title=" reinforcement learning"> reinforcement learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106484/comparative-analysis-of-reinforcement-learning-algorithms-for-autonomous-driving" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106484.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">613</span> Laser Beam Bending via Lenses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Remzi%20Yildirim">Remzi Yildirim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatih.%20V.%20%C3%87elebi"> Fatih. V. Çelebi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Haldun%20G%C3%B6kta%C5%9F"> H. Haldun Göktaş</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Behzat%20%C5%9Eahin"> A. Behzat Şahin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is about a single component cylindrical structured lens with gradient curve which we used for bending laser beams. It operates under atmospheric conditions and bends the laser beam independent of temperature, pressure, polarity, polarization, magnetic field, electric field, radioactivity, and gravity. A single piece cylindrical lens that can bend laser beams is invented. Lenses are made of transparent, tinted or colored glasses and used for undermining or absorbing the energy of the laser beams. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser" title="laser">laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending" title=" bending"> bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lens" title=" lens"> lens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light" title=" light"> light</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20optics" title=" nonlinear optics"> nonlinear optics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22254/laser-beam-bending-via-lenses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22254.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">492</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">612</span> Laser Light Bending via Lenses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Remzi%20Yildirim">Remzi Yildirim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatih%20V.%20%C3%87elebi"> Fatih V. Çelebi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Haldun%20G%C3%B6kta%C5%9F"> H. Haldun Göktaş</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Behzat%20%C5%9Eahin"> A. Behzat Şahin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is about a single component cylindrical structured lens with gradient curve which we used for bending laser beams. It operates under atmospheric conditions and bends the laser beam independent of temperature, pressure, polarity, polarization, magnetic field, electric field, radioactivity, and gravity. A single piece cylindrical lens that can bend laser beams is invented. Lenses are made of transparent, tinted or colored glasses and used for undermining or absorbing the energy of the laser beams. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser" title="laser">laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending" title=" bending"> bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lens" title=" lens"> lens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light" title=" light"> light</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20optics" title=" nonlinear optics"> nonlinear optics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22251/laser-light-bending-via-lenses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22251.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">708</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">611</span> The Effect of Degraded Shock Absorbers on the Safety-Critical Stationary and Non-Stationary Lateral Dynamics of Passenger Cars</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Schramm">Tobias Schramm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%C3%BCnther%20Prokop"> Günther Prokop</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The average age of passenger cars is rising steadily around the world. Older vehicles are more sensitive to the degradation of chassis components. A higher age and a higher mileage of passenger cars correlate with an increased failure rate of vehicle shock absorbers. The most common degradation mechanism of vehicle shock absorbers is the loss of oil and gas. It is not yet fully understood how the loss of oil and gas in twin-tube shock absorbers affects the lateral dynamics of passenger cars. The aim of this work is to estimate the effect of degraded twin-tube shock absorbers of passenger cars on their safety-critical lateral dynamics. A characteristic curve-based five-mass full vehicle model and a semi-physical phenomenological shock absorber model were set up, parameterized and validated. The shock absorber model is able to reproduce the damping characteristics of vehicle twin-tube shock absorbers with oil and gas loss for various excitations. The full vehicle model was used to simulate stationary cornering and steering wheel angle step maneuvers on road classes A to D. The simulations were carried out in a realistic parameter space in order to demonstrate the influence of various vehicle characteristics on the effect of degraded shock absorbers. As a result, it was shown that degraded shock absorbers have a negative effect on the understeer gradient of vehicles. For stationary lateral dynamics, degraded shock absorbers for high road excitations reduce the maximum lateral accelerations. Degraded rear axle shock absorbers can change the understeer gradient of a vehicle in the direction of oversteer. Degraded shock absorbers also lead to increased rolling angles. Furthermore, degraded shock absorbers have a major impact on driving stability during steering wheel angle steps. Degraded rear axle shock absorbers, in particular, can lead to unstable handling. Especially the tire stiffness, the unsprung mass and the stabilizer stiffness influence the effect of degraded shock absorbers on the lateral dynamics of passenger cars. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=driving%20dynamics" title="driving dynamics">driving dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20safety" title=" road safety"> road safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20absorber%20degradation" title=" shock absorber degradation"> shock absorber degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stationary%20and%20nonstationary%20lateral%20dynamics." title=" stationary and nonstationary lateral dynamics."> stationary and nonstationary lateral dynamics.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194638/the-effect-of-degraded-shock-absorbers-on-the-safety-critical-stationary-and-non-stationary-lateral-dynamics-of-passenger-cars" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">23</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">610</span> Chitin Nanocrystals as Sustainable Surfactant Alternative for Enhancing Oil-in-Water Emulsions Stability in Oil and Gas Fields</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Altomi">A. Altomi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Alhebshi"> A. Alhebshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Rasm"> M. Rasm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Osman"> B. Osman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explored the application of chitin nanocrystals (ChiNCs), derived from a renewable and environmentally friendly material, as stabilizers for oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. O/W emulsions are commonly used in various applications but are prone to instability and degradation over time. Instability can occur due to factors such as flocculation, coalescence, and gravitational separation, including creaming and sedimentation, either independently or simultaneously. To produce ChiNCs, chitin powder underwent acid hydrolysis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that ChiNCs exhibited a needle-like morphology, with lengths ranging from 200 to 800 nm and widths ranging from 20 to 80 nm. The surface charge of ChiNCs was negative at pH values above 7 and positive at pH values below 7. The rheological properties of O/W emulsions stabilized by ChiNCs were compared to those stabilized by synthetic surfactants, namely Tween 80 and CTAB. The emulsions stabilized by ChiNCs demonstrated higher yield stress and lower shear viscosity compared to those stabilized by synthetic surfactants. This indicates that ChiNC-stabilized emulsions are more stable and less prone to breakdown. Based on these findings, ChiNCs show promise as an alternative to synthetic surfactants for stabilizing O/W emulsions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitin%20nanocrystals" title="chitin nanocrystals">chitin nanocrystals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colloidal%20pickering" title=" colloidal pickering"> colloidal pickering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emulsion%20rheology" title=" emulsion rheology"> emulsion rheology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil-in-water" title=" oil-in-water"> oil-in-water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthetic%20surfactant" title=" synthetic surfactant"> synthetic surfactant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183250/chitin-nanocrystals-as-sustainable-surfactant-alternative-for-enhancing-oil-in-water-emulsions-stability-in-oil-and-gas-fields" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183250.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">609</span> Horizontal Stress Magnitudes Using Poroelastic Model in Upper Assam Basin, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jenifer%20Alam">Jenifer Alam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rima%20Chatterjee"> Rima Chatterjee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Upper Assam sedimentary basin is one of the oldest commercially producing basins of India. Being in a tectonically active zone, estimation of tectonic strain and stress magnitudes has vast application in hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation. This East North East –West South West trending shelf-slope basin encompasses the Bramhaputra valley extending from Mikir Hills in the southwest to the Naga foothills in the northeast. Assam Shelf lying between the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) and Naga Thrust area is comparatively free from thrust tectonics and depicts normal faulting mechanism. The study area is bounded by the MBT and Main Central Thrust in the northwest. The Belt of Schuppen in the southeast, is bordered by Naga and Disang thrust marking the lower limit of the study area. The entire Assam basin shows low-level seismicity compared to other regions of northeast India. Pore pressure (PP), vertical stress magnitude (SV) and horizontal stress magnitudes have been estimated from two wells - N1 and T1 located in Upper Assam. N1 is located in the Assam gap below the Bramhaputra river while T1, lies in the Belt of Schuppen. N1 penetrates geological formations from top Alluvial through Dhekiajuli, Girujan, Tipam, Barail, Kopili, Sylhet and Langpur to the granitic basement while T1 in trusted zone crosses through Girujan Suprathrust, Tipam Suprathrust, Barail Suprathrust to reach Naga Thrust. Normal compaction trend is drawn through shale points through both wells for estimation of PP using the conventional Eaton sonic equation with an exponent of 1.0 which is validated with Modular Dynamic Tester and mud weight. Observed pore pressure gradient ranges from 10.3 MPa/km to 11.1 MPa/km. The SV has a gradient from 22.20 to 23.80 MPa/km. Minimum and maximum horizontal principal stress (Sh and SH) magnitudes under isotropic conditions are determined using poroelastic model. This approach determines biaxial tectonic strain utilizing static Young’s Modulus, Poisson’s Ratio, SV, PP, leak off test (LOT) and SH derived from breakouts using prior information on unconfined compressive strength. Breakout derived SH information is used for obtaining tectonic strain due to lack of measured SH data from minifrac or hydrofracturing. Tectonic strain varies from 0.00055 to 0.00096 along x direction and from -0.0010 to 0.00042 along y direction. After obtaining tectonic strains at each well, the principal horizontal stress magnitudes are calculated from linear poroelastic model. The magnitude of Sh and SH gradient in normal faulting region are 12.5 and 16.0 MPa/km while in thrust faulted region the gradients are 17.4 and 20.2 MPa/km respectively. Model predicted Sh and SH matches well with the LOT data and breakout derived SH data in both wells. It is observed from this study that the stresses SV>SH>Sh prevailing in the shelf region while near the Naga foothills the regime changes to SH≈SV>Sh area corresponds to normal faulting regime. Hence this model is a reliable tool for predicting stress magnitudes from well logs under active tectonic regime in Upper Assam Basin. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eaton" title="Eaton">Eaton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain" title=" strain"> strain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poroelastic%20model" title=" poroelastic model"> poroelastic model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80706/horizontal-stress-magnitudes-using-poroelastic-model-in-upper-assam-basin-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80706.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">608</span> Density functional (DFT), Study of the Structural and Phase Transition of ThC and ThN: LDA vs GGA Computational</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamza%20Rekab%20Djabri">Hamza Rekab Djabri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salah%20Daoud"> Salah Daoud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper deals with the computational of structural and electronic properties of ThC and ThN compounds using density functional theory within generalized-gradient (GGA) apraximation and local density approximation (LDA). We employ the full potential linear muffin-tin orbitals (FP-LMTO) as implemented in the Lmtart code. We have used to examine structure parameter in eight different structures such as in NaCl (B1), CsCl (B2), ZB (B3), NiAs (B8), PbO (B10), Wurtzite (B4) , HCP (A3) βSn (A5) structures . The equilibrium lattice parameter, bulk modulus, and its pressure derivative were presented for all calculated phases. The calculated ground state properties are in good agreement with available experimental and theoretical results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DFT" title="DFT">DFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GGA" title=" GGA"> GGA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LDA" title=" LDA"> LDA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=properties%20structurales" title=" properties structurales"> properties structurales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ThC" title=" ThC"> ThC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ThN" title=" ThN"> ThN</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157226/density-functional-dft-study-of-the-structural-and-phase-transition-of-thc-and-thn-lda-vs-gga-computational" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157226.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">607</span> Ethnicism and Nigeria's National Development Crisis </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20E.%20Agbogu">A. E. Agbogu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> While scholars have predicted that identity politics (or what is euphemistically referred to as ethnic politics in Nigeria) were a dying phenomenon in other parts of the world, in Nigeria, it has remained the basis of political activity and has indeed become not only the unwritten law of all calculations in the political firmament of the country but also the ultimo ratio. We intend in the paper that follows to explore the reason for this unhealthy development. The paper seeks to offer explanations for the paradoxical reality of the upsurge of ethnic politics in Nigeria when in fact, the phenomenon is apparently on a downward spiral elsewhere in the world, particularly in countries that are at par with Nigeria in terms of national development. The paper is descriptive and qualitative and has relied on available data for its source of materials. Among other things, the paper locates identity politics as a tool in the hands of a national elite that has not transcended the limitations imposes by the shackles of the parsonian particularistic polar attributes which have tended to fixate their weltanschauung or world view on attachments that are unpardonably primordial. In the event, ethnicity becomes a veritable instrument not only for cheap sectional mobilization but also a means for seeking access to the so-called national cake. It is recommended that a way out of this socio-politico malady is the creation of a political arrangement that conduces to the gravitational tendency which will lead to the transfer of loyalties away from the extant ethno-nationalities to the centre. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnicism" title="ethnicism">ethnicism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crisis" title=" crisis"> crisis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity%20politics" title=" identity politics"> identity politics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14942/ethnicism-and-nigerias-national-development-crisis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14942.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">606</span> Deep Learning for Renewable Power Forecasting: An Approach Using LSTM Neural Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faz%C4%B1l%20G%C3%B6kg%C3%B6z">Fazıl Gökgöz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahrettin%20Filiz"> Fahrettin Filiz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Load forecasting has become crucial in recent years and become popular in forecasting area. Many different power forecasting models have been tried out for this purpose. Electricity load forecasting is necessary for energy policies, healthy and reliable grid systems. Effective power forecasting of renewable energy load leads the decision makers to minimize the costs of electric utilities and power plants. Forecasting tools are required that can be used to predict how much renewable energy can be utilized. The purpose of this study is to explore the effectiveness of LSTM-based neural networks for estimating renewable energy loads. In this study, we present models for predicting renewable energy loads based on deep neural networks, especially the Long Term Memory (LSTM) algorithms. Deep learning allows multiple layers of models to learn representation of data. LSTM algorithms are able to store information for long periods of time. Deep learning models have recently been used to forecast the renewable energy sources such as predicting wind and solar energy power. Historical load and weather information represent the most important variables for the inputs within the power forecasting models. The dataset contained power consumption measurements are gathered between January 2016 and December 2017 with one-hour resolution. Models use publicly available data from the Turkish Renewable Energy Resources Support Mechanism. Forecasting studies have been carried out with these data via deep neural networks approach including LSTM technique for Turkish electricity markets. 432 different models are created by changing layers cell count and dropout. The adaptive moment estimation (ADAM) algorithm is used for training as a gradient-based optimizer instead of SGD (stochastic gradient). ADAM performed better than SGD in terms of faster convergence and lower error rates. Models performance is compared according to MAE (Mean Absolute Error) and MSE (Mean Squared Error). Best five MAE results out of 432 tested models are 0.66, 0.74, 0.85 and 1.09. The forecasting performance of the proposed LSTM models gives successful results compared to literature searches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title="deep learning">deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=long%20short%20term%20memory" title=" long short term memory"> long short term memory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title=" energy"> energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy%20load%20forecasting" title=" renewable energy load forecasting"> renewable energy load forecasting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91058/deep-learning-for-renewable-power-forecasting-an-approach-using-lstm-neural-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91058.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">605</span> Dosimetric Comparison of Conventional Plans versus Three Dimensional Conformal Simultaneously Integrated Boost Plans</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shoukat%20Ali">Shoukat Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amjad%20Hussain"> Amjad Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Latif-ur-Rehman"> Latif-ur-Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sehrish%20Inam"> Sehrish Inam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Radiotherapy plays an important role in the management of cancer patients. Approximately 50% of the cancer patients receive radiotherapy at one point or another during the course of treatment. The entire radiotherapy treatment of curative intent is divided into different phases, depending on the histology of the tumor. The established protocols are useful in deciding the total dose, fraction size, and numbers of phases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dosimetric differences between the conventional treatment protocols and the three-dimensional conformal simultaneously integrated boost (SIB) plans for three different tumors sites (i.e. bladder, breast, and brain). A total of 30 patients with brain, breast and bladder cancers were selected in this retrospective study. All the patients were CT simulated initially. The primary physician contoured PTV1 and PTV2 in the axial slices. The conventional doses prescribed for brain and breast is 60Gy/30 fractions, and 64.8Gy/36 fractions for bladder treatment. For the SIB plans biological effective doses (BED) were calculated for 25 fractions. The two conventional (Phase I and Phase II) and a single SIB plan for each patient were generated on Eclipse™ treatment planning system. Treatment plans were compared and analyzed for coverage index, conformity index, homogeneity index, dose gradient and organs at risk doses.In both plans 95% of PTV volume received a minimum of 95% of the prescribe dose. Dose deviation in the optic chiasm was found to be less than 0.5%. There is no significant difference in lung V20 and heart V30 in the breast plans. In the rectum plans V75%, V50% and V25% were found to be less than 1.2% different. Deviation in the tumor coverage, conformity and homogeneity indices were found to be less than 1%. SIB plans with three dimensional conformal radiotherapy technique reduce the overall treatment time without compromising the target coverage and without increasing dose to the organs at risk. The higher dose per fraction may increase the late effects to some extent. Further studies are required to evaluate the late effects with the intention of standardizing the SIB technique for practical implementation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coverage%20index" title="coverage index">coverage index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conformity%20index" title=" conformity index"> conformity index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dose%20gradient" title=" dose gradient"> dose gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homogeneity%20index" title=" homogeneity index"> homogeneity index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simultaneously%20integrated%20boost" title=" simultaneously integrated boost"> simultaneously integrated boost</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24055/dosimetric-comparison-of-conventional-plans-versus-three-dimensional-conformal-simultaneously-integrated-boost-plans" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24055.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">480</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitational%20gradient%20changes&page=9" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitational%20gradient%20changes&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravitational%20gradient%20changes&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item 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