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{ content: '\e01f'; } .gelicon--degraded::before { content: '\e020'; } .gelicon--calendar-mini::before { content: '\e021'; } .gelicon--calendar::before { content: '\e022'; } .gelicon--mail::before { content: '\e023'; } .gelicon--location::before { content: '\e024'; } .gelicon--load::before { content: '\e025'; } .gelicon--settings::before { content: '\e026'; } .gelicon--embed::before { content: '\e027'; } .gelicon--external::before { content: '\e028'; } .gelicon--traffic::before { content: '\e029'; } .gelicon--refresh::before { content: '\e02a'; } .gelicon--link::before { content: '\e02b'; } .gelicon--point::before { content: '\e02c'; } .gelicon--upload::before { content: '\e02d'; } .gelicon--download::before { content: '\e02e'; } .gelicon--finder::before { content: '\e02f'; } .gelicon--stations::before { content: '\e030'; } .gelicon--untitled::before { content: '\42'; } .gelicon--untitled-2::before { content: '\43'; } .gelicon--quote::before { content: '\22'; } .gelicon--playlister-add::before { content: '\e031'; } .gelicon--calendar-30::before { content: '\e032'; } .gelicon--download-desktop::before { content: '\e033'; } .gelicon--map::before { content: '\e034'; } .gelicon--previous-alternative::before { content: '\e035'; } .gelicon--next-alternative::before { content: '\e036'; } .gelicon--arrow-down::before { content: '\e038'; } /* Media icons */ .gelicon--menu, .gelicon--live, .gelicon--subtitles, .gelicon--ws, .gelicon--sd, .gelicon--hd, .gelicon--bsl, .gelicon--ad, .gelicon--3d, .gelicon--tv, .gelicon--radio, .gelicon--mobile, .gelicon--desktop, .gelicon--game, .gelicon--tablet, .gelicon--quiz, .gelicon--guidance, .gelicon--record, .gelicon--listen, .gelicon--play, .gelicon--pause, .gelicon--rewind, .gelicon--forward, .gelicon--restart, .gelicon--image, .gelicon--document, .gelicon--slideshow, .gelicon--activity, .gelicon--360, .gelicon--podcast, .gelicon--newsletter, .gelicon--rss, .gelicon--fullscreen, .gelicon--expand, .gelicon--popout, .gelicon--mute, .gelicon--music-on, .gelicon--music-off, .gelicon--windows, .gelicon--apple, .gelicon--interactive { font-family: 'gelicons-media' !important; } /* Begin Icons */ .gelicon--menu::before { content: '\e900'; } .gelicon--live::before { content: '\e100'; } .gelicon--subtitles::before { content: '\e101'; } .gelicon--ws::before { content: '\e102'; } .gelicon--sd::before { content: '\e103'; } .gelicon--hd::before { content: '\e104'; } .gelicon--bsl::before { content: '\e105'; } .gelicon--ad::before { content: '\e106'; } .gelicon--3d::before { content: '\e107'; } .gelicon--tv::before { content: '\e108'; } .gelicon--radio::before { content: '\e109'; } .gelicon--mobile::before { content: '\e10a'; } .gelicon--desktop::before { content: '\e10b'; } .gelicon--game::before { content: '\e10c'; } .gelicon--tablet::before { content: '\e10d'; } .gelicon--quiz::before { content: '\e10e'; } .gelicon--guidance::before { content: '\e10f'; } .gelicon--record::before { content: '\e110'; } .gelicon--listen::before { content: '\e111'; } .gelicon--play::before { content: '\e112'; } .gelicon--pause::before { content: '\e113'; } .gelicon--rewind::before { content: '\e114'; } .gelicon--forward::before { content: '\e115'; } .gelicon--restart::before { content: '\e116'; } .gelicon--image::before { content: '\e117'; } .gelicon--document::before { content: '\e118'; } .gelicon--slideshow::before { content: '\e119'; } .gelicon--activity::before { content: '\e11a'; } .gelicon--360::before { content: '\e11b'; } .gelicon--podcast::before { content: '\e11c'; } .gelicon--newsletter::before { content: '\e11d'; } .gelicon--rss::before { content: '\e11e'; } .gelicon--fullscreen::before { content: '\e11f'; } .gelicon--expand::before { content: '\e120'; } .gelicon--popout::before { content: '\e121'; } .gelicon--mute::before { content: '\e122'; } .gelicon--music-on::before { content: '\e123'; } .gelicon--music-off::before { content: '\e124'; } .gelicon--windows::before { content: '\e125'; } .gelicon--apple::before { content: '\e126'; } .gelicon--interactive::before { content: '\e900'; } /* Social Icons */ .gelicon--share, .gelicon--recommend, .gelicon--comments, .gelicon--blog, .gelicon--smiley, .gelicon--love, .gelicon--twitter, .gelicon--facebook, .gelicon--google-plus, .gelicon--google, .gelicon--spotify, .gelicon--pinterest, .gelicon--tumblr, .gelicon--stumbleupon, .gelicon--linkedin, .gelicon--reddit, .gelicon--digg, .gelicon--instagram, .gelicon--whatsapp { font-family: 'gelicons-social' !important; } /* GEL */ .gelicon--share::before { content: '\e200'; } .gelicon--recommend::before { content: '\e201'; } .gelicon--comments::before { content: '\e202'; } .gelicon--blog::before { content: '\e203'; } .gelicon--smiley::before { content: '\e204'; } .gelicon--love::before { content: '\e205'; } /* THIRD PARTY */ .gelicon--twitter::before { content: '\e300'; } .gelicon--facebook::before { content: '\e301'; } .gelicon--google-plus::before { content: '\e700'; } .gelicon--google::before { content: '\e701'; } .gelicon--spotify::before { content: '\e304'; } .gelicon--pinterest::before { content: '\e305'; } .gelicon--tumblr::before { content: '\e306'; } .gelicon--stumbleupon::before { content: '\e307'; } .gelicon--linkedin::before { content: '\e308'; } .gelicon--reddit::before { content: '\e309'; } .gelicon--digg::before { content: '\e30a'; } .gelicon--instagram::before { content: '\e30b'; } .gelicon--whatsapp::before { content: '\e600'; } .mapboxgl-map { font: 12px/20px Helvetica Neue,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow: hidden; position: relative; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); } .mapboxgl-canvas { position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; } .mapboxgl-map:-webkit-full-screen { width: 100%; height: 100%; } .mapboxgl-canary { background-color: salmon; } .mapboxgl-canvas-container.mapboxgl-interactive, .mapboxgl-ctrl-group button.mapboxgl-ctrl-compass { cursor: -webkit-grab; cursor: grab; -moz-user-select: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none; user-select: none; } .mapboxgl-canvas-container.mapboxgl-interactive.mapboxgl-track-pointer { cursor: pointer; } .mapboxgl-canvas-container.mapboxgl-interactive:active, .mapboxgl-ctrl-group button.mapboxgl-ctrl-compass:active { cursor: -webkit-grabbing; cursor: grabbing; } .mapboxgl-canvas-container.mapboxgl-touch-zoom-rotate, .mapboxgl-canvas-container.mapboxgl-touch-zoom-rotate .mapboxgl-canvas { -ms-touch-action: pan-x pan-y; touch-action: pan-x pan-y; } .mapboxgl-canvas-container.mapboxgl-touch-drag-pan, .mapboxgl-canvas-container.mapboxgl-touch-drag-pan .mapboxgl-canvas { -ms-touch-action: pinch-zoom; touch-action: pinch-zoom; } .mapboxgl-canvas-container.mapboxgl-touch-zoom-rotate.mapboxgl-touch-drag-pan, .mapboxgl-canvas-container.mapboxgl-touch-zoom-rotate.mapboxgl-touch-drag-pan .mapboxgl-canvas { -ms-touch-action: none; touch-action: none; } .mapboxgl-ctrl-bottom-left, .mapboxgl-ctrl-bottom-right, .mapboxgl-ctrl-top-left, .mapboxgl-ctrl-top-right { position: absolute; pointer-events: none; z-index: 2; } .mapboxgl-ctrl-top-left { top: 0; left: 0; } .mapboxgl-ctrl-top-right { top: 0; right: 0; } .mapboxgl-ctrl-bottom-left { bottom: 0; left: 0; } .mapboxgl-ctrl-bottom-right { right: 0; bottom: 0; } .mapboxgl-ctrl { clear: both; pointer-events: auto; -webkit-transform: translate(0); transform: translate(0); } .mapboxgl-ctrl-top-left .mapboxgl-ctrl { margin: 10px 0 0 10px; float: left; } .mapboxgl-ctrl-top-right .mapboxgl-ctrl { margin: 10px 10px 0 0; float: right; } .mapboxgl-ctrl-bottom-left .mapboxgl-ctrl { margin: 0 0 10px 10px; float: left; } .mapboxgl-ctrl-bottom-right .mapboxgl-ctrl { margin: 0 10px 10px 0; float: right; } .mapboxgl-ctrl-group { border-radius: 4px; background: #fff; } .mapboxgl-ctrl-group:not(:empty) { -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); } @media (-ms-high-contrast: active) { .mapboxgl-ctrl-group:not(:empty) { -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px ButtonText; box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px ButtonText; } } .mapboxgl-ctrl-group button { width: 29px; height: 29px; display: block; padding: 0; outline: none; border: 0; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; cursor: pointer; } .mapboxgl-ctrl-group button + button { border-top: 1px solid #ddd; } .mapboxgl-ctrl button .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 50%; } @media (-ms-high-contrast: active) { .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { background-color: transparent; } .mapboxgl-ctrl-group button + button { border-top: 1px solid ButtonText; } } .mapboxgl-ctrl button::-moz-focus-inner { border: 0; padding: 0; } .mapboxgl-ctrl-group button:focus { -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 2px 2px #0096ff; box-shadow: 0 0 2px 2px #0096ff; } .mapboxgl-ctrl button:disabled { cursor: not-allowed; } .mapboxgl-ctrl button:disabled .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { opacity: .25; } .mapboxgl-ctrl button:not(:disabled):hover { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); } .mapboxgl-ctrl-group button:focus:focus-visible { -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 2px 2px #0096ff; box-shadow: 0 0 2px 2px #0096ff; } .mapboxgl-ctrl-group button:focus:not(:focus-visible) { -webkit-box-shadow: none; box-shadow: none; } .mapboxgl-ctrl-group button:focus:first-child { border-radius: 4px 4px 0 0; } .mapboxgl-ctrl-group button:focus:last-child { border-radius: 0 0 4px 4px; } .mapboxgl-ctrl-group button:focus:only-child { border-radius: inherit; } .mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-zoom-out .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 29 29' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%23333'%3E%3Cpath d='M10 13c-.75 0-1.5.75-1.5 1.5S9.25 16 10 16h9c.75 0 1.5-.75 1.5-1.5S19.75 13 19 13h-9z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } .mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-zoom-in .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 29 29' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%23333'%3E%3Cpath d='M14.5 8.5c-.75 0-1.5.75-1.5 1.5v3h-3c-.75 0-1.5.75-1.5 1.5S9.25 16 10 16h3v3c0 .75.75 1.5 1.5 1.5S16 19.75 16 19v-3h3c.75 0 1.5-.75 1.5-1.5S19.75 13 19 13h-3v-3c0-.75-.75-1.5-1.5-1.5z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } @media (-ms-high-contrast: active) { .mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-zoom-out .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 29 29' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%23fff'%3E%3Cpath d='M10 13c-.75 0-1.5.75-1.5 1.5S9.25 16 10 16h9c.75 0 1.5-.75 1.5-1.5S19.75 13 19 13h-9z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } .mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-zoom-in .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 29 29' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%23fff'%3E%3Cpath d='M14.5 8.5c-.75 0-1.5.75-1.5 1.5v3h-3c-.75 0-1.5.75-1.5 1.5S9.25 16 10 16h3v3c0 .75.75 1.5 1.5 1.5S16 19.75 16 19v-3h3c.75 0 1.5-.75 1.5-1.5S19.75 13 19 13h-3v-3c0-.75-.75-1.5-1.5-1.5z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } } @media (-ms-high-contrast: black-on-white) { .mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-zoom-out .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 29 29' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='M10 13c-.75 0-1.5.75-1.5 1.5S9.25 16 10 16h9c.75 0 1.5-.75 1.5-1.5S19.75 13 19 13h-9z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } .mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-zoom-in .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 29 29' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='M14.5 8.5c-.75 0-1.5.75-1.5 1.5v3h-3c-.75 0-1.5.75-1.5 1.5S9.25 16 10 16h3v3c0 .75.75 1.5 1.5 1.5S16 19.75 16 19v-3h3c.75 0 1.5-.75 1.5-1.5S19.75 13 19 13h-3v-3c0-.75-.75-1.5-1.5-1.5z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } } .mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-fullscreen .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 29 29' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%23333'%3E%3Cpath d='M24 16v5.5c0 1.75-.75 2.5-2.5 2.5H16v-1l3-1.5-4-5.5 1-1 5.5 4 1.5-3h1zM6 16l1.5 3 5.5-4 1 1-4 5.5 3 1.5v1H7.5C5.75 24 5 23.25 5 21.5V16h1zm7-11v1l-3 1.5 4 5.5-1 1-5.5-4L6 13H5V7.5C5 5.75 5.75 5 7.5 5H13zm11 2.5c0-1.75-.75-2.5-2.5-2.5H16v1l3 1.5-4 5.5 1 1 5.5-4 1.5 3h1V7.5z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } .mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-shrink .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 29 29' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='M18.5 16c-1.75 0-2.5.75-2.5 2.5V24h1l1.5-3 5.5 4 1-1-4-5.5 3-1.5v-1h-5.5zM13 18.5c0-1.75-.75-2.5-2.5-2.5H5v1l3 1.5L4 24l1 1 5.5-4 1.5 3h1v-5.5zm3-8c0 1.75.75 2.5 2.5 2.5H24v-1l-3-1.5L25 5l-1-1-5.5 4L17 5h-1v5.5zM10.5 13c1.75 0 2.5-.75 2.5-2.5V5h-1l-1.5 3L5 4 4 5l4 5.5L5 12v1h5.5z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } @media (-ms-high-contrast: active) { .mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-fullscreen .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 29 29' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%23fff'%3E%3Cpath d='M24 16v5.5c0 1.75-.75 2.5-2.5 2.5H16v-1l3-1.5-4-5.5 1-1 5.5 4 1.5-3h1zM6 16l1.5 3 5.5-4 1 1-4 5.5 3 1.5v1H7.5C5.75 24 5 23.25 5 21.5V16h1zm7-11v1l-3 1.5 4 5.5-1 1-5.5-4L6 13H5V7.5C5 5.75 5.75 5 7.5 5H13zm11 2.5c0-1.75-.75-2.5-2.5-2.5H16v1l3 1.5-4 5.5 1 1 5.5-4 1.5 3h1V7.5z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } .mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-shrink .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 29 29' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%23fff'%3E%3Cpath d='M18.5 16c-1.75 0-2.5.75-2.5 2.5V24h1l1.5-3 5.5 4 1-1-4-5.5 3-1.5v-1h-5.5zM13 18.5c0-1.75-.75-2.5-2.5-2.5H5v1l3 1.5L4 24l1 1 5.5-4 1.5 3h1v-5.5zm3-8c0 1.75.75 2.5 2.5 2.5H24v-1l-3-1.5L25 5l-1-1-5.5 4L17 5h-1v5.5zM10.5 13c1.75 0 2.5-.75 2.5-2.5V5h-1l-1.5 3L5 4 4 5l4 5.5L5 12v1h5.5z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } } @media (-ms-high-contrast: black-on-white) { .mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-fullscreen .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 29 29' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='M24 16v5.5c0 1.75-.75 2.5-2.5 2.5H16v-1l3-1.5-4-5.5 1-1 5.5 4 1.5-3h1zM6 16l1.5 3 5.5-4 1 1-4 5.5 3 1.5v1H7.5C5.75 24 5 23.25 5 21.5V16h1zm7-11v1l-3 1.5 4 5.5-1 1-5.5-4L6 13H5V7.5C5 5.75 5.75 5 7.5 5H13zm11 2.5c0-1.75-.75-2.5-2.5-2.5H16v1l3 1.5-4 5.5 1 1 5.5-4 1.5 3h1V7.5z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } .mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-shrink .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 29 29' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='M18.5 16c-1.75 0-2.5.75-2.5 2.5V24h1l1.5-3 5.5 4 1-1-4-5.5 3-1.5v-1h-5.5zM13 18.5c0-1.75-.75-2.5-2.5-2.5H5v1l3 1.5L4 24l1 1 5.5-4 1.5 3h1v-5.5zm3-8c0 1.75.75 2.5 2.5 2.5H24v-1l-3-1.5L25 5l-1-1-5.5 4L17 5h-1v5.5zM10.5 13c1.75 0 2.5-.75 2.5-2.5V5h-1l-1.5 3L5 4 4 5l4 5.5L5 12v1h5.5z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } } .mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-compass .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 29 29' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%23333'%3E%3Cpath d='M10.5 14l4-8 4 8h-8z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M10.5 16l4 8 4-8h-8z' fill='%23ccc'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } @media (-ms-high-contrast: active) { .mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-compass .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 29 29' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%23fff'%3E%3Cpath d='M10.5 14l4-8 4 8h-8z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M10.5 16l4 8 4-8h-8z' fill='%23999'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } } @media (-ms-high-contrast: black-on-white) { .mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-compass .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 29 29' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='M10.5 14l4-8 4 8h-8z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M10.5 16l4 8 4-8h-8z' fill='%23ccc'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } } .mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 20 20' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%23333'%3E%3Cpath d='M10 4C9 4 9 5 9 5v.1A5 5 0 005.1 9H5s-1 0-1 1 1 1 1 1h.1A5 5 0 009 14.9v.1s0 1 1 1 1-1 1-1v-.1a5 5 0 003.9-3.9h.1s1 0 1-1-1-1-1-1h-.1A5 5 0 0011 5.1V5s0-1-1-1zm0 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 110 7 3.5 3.5 0 110-7z'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='10' cy='10' r='2'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } .mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate:disabled .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 20 20' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%23aaa'%3E%3Cpath d='M10 4C9 4 9 5 9 5v.1A5 5 0 005.1 9H5s-1 0-1 1 1 1 1 1h.1A5 5 0 009 14.9v.1s0 1 1 1 1-1 1-1v-.1a5 5 0 003.9-3.9h.1s1 0 1-1-1-1-1-1h-.1A5 5 0 0011 5.1V5s0-1-1-1zm0 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 110 7 3.5 3.5 0 110-7z'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='10' cy='10' r='2'/%3E%3Cpath d='M14 5l1 1-9 9-1-1 9-9z' fill='red'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } .mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate-active .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 20 20' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%2333b5e5'%3E%3Cpath d='M10 4C9 4 9 5 9 5v.1A5 5 0 005.1 9H5s-1 0-1 1 1 1 1 1h.1A5 5 0 009 14.9v.1s0 1 1 1 1-1 1-1v-.1a5 5 0 003.9-3.9h.1s1 0 1-1-1-1-1-1h-.1A5 5 0 0011 5.1V5s0-1-1-1zm0 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 110 7 3.5 3.5 0 110-7z'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='10' cy='10' r='2'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } .mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate-active-error .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 20 20' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%23e58978'%3E%3Cpath d='M10 4C9 4 9 5 9 5v.1A5 5 0 005.1 9H5s-1 0-1 1 1 1 1 1h.1A5 5 0 009 14.9v.1s0 1 1 1 1-1 1-1v-.1a5 5 0 003.9-3.9h.1s1 0 1-1-1-1-1-1h-.1A5 5 0 0011 5.1V5s0-1-1-1zm0 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 110 7 3.5 3.5 0 110-7z'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='10' cy='10' r='2'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } .mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate-background .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 20 20' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%2333b5e5'%3E%3Cpath d='M10 4C9 4 9 5 9 5v.1A5 5 0 005.1 9H5s-1 0-1 1 1 1 1 1h.1A5 5 0 009 14.9v.1s0 1 1 1 1-1 1-1v-.1a5 5 0 003.9-3.9h.1s1 0 1-1-1-1-1-1h-.1A5 5 0 0011 5.1V5s0-1-1-1zm0 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 110 7 3.5 3.5 0 110-7z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } .mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate-background-error .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 20 20' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%23e54e33'%3E%3Cpath d='M10 4C9 4 9 5 9 5v.1A5 5 0 005.1 9H5s-1 0-1 1 1 1 1 1h.1A5 5 0 009 14.9v.1s0 1 1 1 1-1 1-1v-.1a5 5 0 003.9-3.9h.1s1 0 1-1-1-1-1-1h-.1A5 5 0 0011 5.1V5s0-1-1-1zm0 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 110 7 3.5 3.5 0 110-7z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } .mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate-waiting .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { -webkit-animation: mapboxgl-spin 2s linear infinite; animation: mapboxgl-spin 2s linear infinite; } @media (-ms-high-contrast: active) { .mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 20 20' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%23fff'%3E%3Cpath d='M10 4C9 4 9 5 9 5v.1A5 5 0 005.1 9H5s-1 0-1 1 1 1 1 1h.1A5 5 0 009 14.9v.1s0 1 1 1 1-1 1-1v-.1a5 5 0 003.9-3.9h.1s1 0 1-1-1-1-1-1h-.1A5 5 0 0011 5.1V5s0-1-1-1zm0 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 110 7 3.5 3.5 0 110-7z'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='10' cy='10' r='2'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } .mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate:disabled .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 20 20' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%23999'%3E%3Cpath d='M10 4C9 4 9 5 9 5v.1A5 5 0 005.1 9H5s-1 0-1 1 1 1 1 1h.1A5 5 0 009 14.9v.1s0 1 1 1 1-1 1-1v-.1a5 5 0 003.9-3.9h.1s1 0 1-1-1-1-1-1h-.1A5 5 0 0011 5.1V5s0-1-1-1zm0 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 110 7 3.5 3.5 0 110-7z'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='10' cy='10' r='2'/%3E%3Cpath d='M14 5l1 1-9 9-1-1 9-9z' fill='red'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } .mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate-active .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 20 20' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%2333b5e5'%3E%3Cpath d='M10 4C9 4 9 5 9 5v.1A5 5 0 005.1 9H5s-1 0-1 1 1 1 1 1h.1A5 5 0 009 14.9v.1s0 1 1 1 1-1 1-1v-.1a5 5 0 003.9-3.9h.1s1 0 1-1-1-1-1-1h-.1A5 5 0 0011 5.1V5s0-1-1-1zm0 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 110 7 3.5 3.5 0 110-7z'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='10' cy='10' r='2'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } .mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate-active-error .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 20 20' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%23e58978'%3E%3Cpath d='M10 4C9 4 9 5 9 5v.1A5 5 0 005.1 9H5s-1 0-1 1 1 1 1 1h.1A5 5 0 009 14.9v.1s0 1 1 1 1-1 1-1v-.1a5 5 0 003.9-3.9h.1s1 0 1-1-1-1-1-1h-.1A5 5 0 0011 5.1V5s0-1-1-1zm0 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 110 7 3.5 3.5 0 110-7z'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='10' cy='10' r='2'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } .mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate-background .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 20 20' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%2333b5e5'%3E%3Cpath d='M10 4C9 4 9 5 9 5v.1A5 5 0 005.1 9H5s-1 0-1 1 1 1 1 1h.1A5 5 0 009 14.9v.1s0 1 1 1 1-1 1-1v-.1a5 5 0 003.9-3.9h.1s1 0 1-1-1-1-1-1h-.1A5 5 0 0011 5.1V5s0-1-1-1zm0 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 110 7 3.5 3.5 0 110-7z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } .mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate-background-error .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 20 20' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%23e54e33'%3E%3Cpath d='M10 4C9 4 9 5 9 5v.1A5 5 0 005.1 9H5s-1 0-1 1 1 1 1 1h.1A5 5 0 009 14.9v.1s0 1 1 1 1-1 1-1v-.1a5 5 0 003.9-3.9h.1s1 0 1-1-1-1-1-1h-.1A5 5 0 0011 5.1V5s0-1-1-1zm0 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 110 7 3.5 3.5 0 110-7z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } } @media (-ms-high-contrast: black-on-white) { .mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 20 20' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='M10 4C9 4 9 5 9 5v.1A5 5 0 005.1 9H5s-1 0-1 1 1 1 1 1h.1A5 5 0 009 14.9v.1s0 1 1 1 1-1 1-1v-.1a5 5 0 003.9-3.9h.1s1 0 1-1-1-1-1-1h-.1A5 5 0 0011 5.1V5s0-1-1-1zm0 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 110 7 3.5 3.5 0 110-7z'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='10' cy='10' r='2'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } .mapboxgl-ctrl button.mapboxgl-ctrl-geolocate:disabled .mapboxgl-ctrl-icon { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='29' height='29' viewBox='0 0 20 20' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='%23666'%3E%3Cpath d='M10 4C9 4 9 5 9 5v.1A5 5 0 005.1 9H5s-1 0-1 1 1 1 1 1h.1A5 5 0 009 14.9v.1s0 1 1 1 1-1 1-1v-.1a5 5 0 003.9-3.9h.1s1 0 1-1-1-1-1-1h-.1A5 5 0 0011 5.1V5s0-1-1-1zm0 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 110 7 3.5 3.5 0 110-7z'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='10' cy='10' r='2'/%3E%3Cpath d='M14 5l1 1-9 9-1-1 9-9z' fill='red'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } } @-webkit-keyframes mapboxgl-spin { 0% { -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); } to { -webkit-transform: rotate(1turn); } } @keyframes mapboxgl-spin { 0% { -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); transform: rotate(0deg); } to { -webkit-transform: rotate(1turn); transform: rotate(1turn); } } a.mapboxgl-ctrl-logo { width: 88px; height: 23px; margin: 0 0 -4px -4px; display: block; background-repeat: no-repeat; cursor: pointer; overflow: hidden; background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='88' height='23' viewBox='0 0 88 23' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink' fill-rule='evenodd'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cpath id='a' d='M11.5 2.25c5.105 0 9.25 4.145 9.25 9.25s-4.145 9.25-9.25 9.25-9.25-4.145-9.25-9.25 4.145-9.25 9.25-9.25zM6.997 15.983c-.051-.338-.828-5.802 2.233-8.873a4.395 4.395 0 013.13-1.28c1.27 0 2.49.51 3.39 1.42.91.9 1.42 2.12 1.42 3.39 0 1.18-.449 2.301-1.28 3.13C12.72 16.93 7 16 7 16l-.003-.017zM15.3 10.5l-2 .8-.8 2-.8-2-2-.8 2-.8.8-2 .8 2 2 .8z'/%3E%3Cpath id='b' d='M50.63 8c.13 0 .23.1.23.23V9c.7-.76 1.7-1.18 2.73-1.18 2.17 0 3.95 1.85 3.95 4.17s-1.77 4.19-3.94 4.19c-1.04 0-2.03-.43-2.74-1.18v3.77c0 .13-.1.23-.23.23h-1.4c-.13 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height='100%25' fill='%23fff'/%3E%3Cuse xlink:href='%23a'/%3E%3Cuse xlink:href='%23b'/%3E%3C/mask%3E%3Cg opacity='.3' stroke='%23000' stroke-width='3'%3E%3Ccircle mask='url(%23c)' cx='11.5' cy='11.5' r='9.25'/%3E%3Cuse xlink:href='%23b' mask='url(/web/20220115044644im_/https://www.bbc.com/%23c)'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3Cg opacity='.9' fill='%23fff'%3E%3Cuse xlink:href='%23a'/%3E%3Cuse xlink:href='%23b'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } a.mapboxgl-ctrl-logo.mapboxgl-compact { width: 23px; } @media (-ms-high-contrast: active) { a.mapboxgl-ctrl-logo { background-color: transparent; background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='88' height='23' viewBox='0 0 88 23' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink' fill-rule='evenodd'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cpath id='a' d='M11.5 2.25c5.105 0 9.25 4.145 9.25 9.25s-4.145 9.25-9.25 9.25-9.25-4.145-9.25-9.25 4.145-9.25 9.25-9.25zM6.997 15.983c-.051-.338-.828-5.802 2.233-8.873a4.395 4.395 0 013.13-1.28c1.27 0 2.49.51 3.39 1.42.91.9 1.42 2.12 1.42 3.39 0 1.18-.449 2.301-1.28 3.13C12.72 16.93 7 16 7 16l-.003-.017zM15.3 10.5l-2 .8-.8 2-.8-2-2-.8 2-.8.8-2 .8 2 2 .8z'/%3E%3Cpath id='b' d='M50.63 8c.13 0 .23.1.23.23V9c.7-.76 1.7-1.18 2.73-1.18 2.17 0 3.95 1.85 3.95 4.17s-1.77 4.19-3.94 4.19c-1.04 0-2.03-.43-2.74-1.18v3.77c0 .13-.1.23-.23.23h-1.4c-.13 0-.23-.1-.23-.23V8.23c0-.12.1-.23.23-.23h1.4zm-3.86.01c.01 0 .01 0 .01-.01.13 0 .22.1.22.22v7.55c0 .12-.1.23-.23.23h-1.4c-.13 0-.23-.1-.23-.23V15c-.7.76-1.69 1.19-2.73 1.19-2.17 0-3.94-1.87-3.94-4.19 0-2.32 1.77-4.19 3.94-4.19 1.03 0 2.02.43 2.73 1.18v-.75c0-.12.1-.23.23-.23h1.4zm26.375-.19a4.24 4.24 0 00-4.16 3.29c-.13.59-.13 1.19 0 1.77a4.233 4.233 0 004.17 3.3c2.35 0 4.26-1.87 4.26-4.19 0-2.32-1.9-4.17-4.27-4.17zM60.63 5c.13 0 .23.1.23.23v3.76c.7-.76 1.7-1.18 2.73-1.18 1.88 0 3.45 1.4 3.84 3.28.13.59.13 1.2 0 1.8-.39 1.88-1.96 3.29-3.84 3.29-1.03 0-2.02-.43-2.73-1.18v.77c0 .12-.1.23-.23.23h-1.4c-.13 0-.23-.1-.23-.23V5.23c0-.12.1-.23.23-.23h1.4zm-34 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fill-rule='evenodd'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cpath id='a' d='M11.5 2.25c5.105 0 9.25 4.145 9.25 9.25s-4.145 9.25-9.25 9.25-9.25-4.145-9.25-9.25 4.145-9.25 9.25-9.25zM6.997 15.983c-.051-.338-.828-5.802 2.233-8.873a4.395 4.395 0 013.13-1.28c1.27 0 2.49.51 3.39 1.42.91.9 1.42 2.12 1.42 3.39 0 1.18-.449 2.301-1.28 3.13C12.72 16.93 7 16 7 16l-.003-.017zM15.3 10.5l-2 .8-.8 2-.8-2-2-.8 2-.8.8-2 .8 2 2 .8z'/%3E%3Cpath id='b' d='M50.63 8c.13 0 .23.1.23.23V9c.7-.76 1.7-1.18 2.73-1.18 2.17 0 3.95 1.85 3.95 4.17s-1.77 4.19-3.94 4.19c-1.04 0-2.03-.43-2.74-1.18v3.77c0 .13-.1.23-.23.23h-1.4c-.13 0-.23-.1-.23-.23V8.23c0-.12.1-.23.23-.23h1.4zm-3.86.01c.01 0 .01 0 .01-.01.13 0 .22.1.22.22v7.55c0 .12-.1.23-.23.23h-1.4c-.13 0-.23-.1-.23-.23V15c-.7.76-1.69 1.19-2.73 1.19-2.17 0-3.94-1.87-3.94-4.19 0-2.32 1.77-4.19 3.94-4.19 1.03 0 2.02.43 2.73 1.18v-.75c0-.12.1-.23.23-.23h1.4zm26.375-.19a4.24 4.24 0 00-4.16 3.29c-.13.59-.13 1.19 0 1.77a4.233 4.233 0 004.17 3.3c2.35 0 4.26-1.87 4.26-4.19 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.mapboxgl-ctrl.mapboxgl-ctrl-attrib { padding: 0 5px; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5); margin: 0; } @media screen { .mapboxgl-ctrl-attrib.mapboxgl-compact { min-height: 20px; padding: 0; margin: 10px; position: relative; background-color: #fff; border-radius: 3px 12px 12px 3px; } .mapboxgl-ctrl-attrib.mapboxgl-compact:hover { padding: 2px 24px 2px 4px; visibility: visible; margin-top: 6px; } .mapboxgl-ctrl-bottom-left > .mapboxgl-ctrl-attrib.mapboxgl-compact:hover, .mapboxgl-ctrl-top-left > .mapboxgl-ctrl-attrib.mapboxgl-compact:hover { padding: 2px 4px 2px 24px; border-radius: 12px 3px 3px 12px; } .mapboxgl-ctrl-attrib.mapboxgl-compact .mapboxgl-ctrl-attrib-inner { display: none; } .mapboxgl-ctrl-attrib.mapboxgl-compact:hover .mapboxgl-ctrl-attrib-inner { display: block; } .mapboxgl-ctrl-attrib.mapboxgl-compact:after { content: ""; cursor: pointer; position: absolute; background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='24' height='24' viewBox='0 0 20 20' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill-rule='evenodd'%3E%3Cpath d='M4 10a6 6 0 1012 0 6 6 0 10-12 0m5-3a1 1 0 102 0 1 1 0 10-2 0m0 3a1 1 0 112 0v3a1 1 0 11-2 0'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5); width: 24px; height: 24px; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; border-radius: 12px; } .mapboxgl-ctrl-bottom-right > .mapboxgl-ctrl-attrib.mapboxgl-compact:after { bottom: 0; right: 0; } .mapboxgl-ctrl-top-right > .mapboxgl-ctrl-attrib.mapboxgl-compact:after { top: 0; right: 0; } .mapboxgl-ctrl-top-left > .mapboxgl-ctrl-attrib.mapboxgl-compact:after { top: 0; left: 0; } .mapboxgl-ctrl-bottom-left > .mapboxgl-ctrl-attrib.mapboxgl-compact:after { bottom: 0; left: 0; } } @media screen and (-ms-high-contrast: active) { .mapboxgl-ctrl-attrib.mapboxgl-compact:after { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='24' height='24' viewBox='0 0 20 20' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill-rule='evenodd' fill='%23fff'%3E%3Cpath d='M4 10a6 6 0 1012 0 6 6 0 10-12 0m5-3a1 1 0 102 0 1 1 0 10-2 0m0 3a1 1 0 112 0v3a1 1 0 11-2 0'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } } @media screen and (-ms-high-contrast: black-on-white) { .mapboxgl-ctrl-attrib.mapboxgl-compact:after { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='24' height='24' viewBox='0 0 20 20' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill-rule='evenodd'%3E%3Cpath d='M4 10a6 6 0 1012 0 6 6 0 10-12 0m5-3a1 1 0 102 0 1 1 0 10-2 0m0 3a1 1 0 112 0v3a1 1 0 11-2 0'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } } .mapboxgl-ctrl-attrib a { color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75); text-decoration: none; } .mapboxgl-ctrl-attrib a:hover { color: inherit; text-decoration: underline; } .mapboxgl-ctrl-attrib .mapbox-improve-map { font-weight: 700; margin-left: 2px; } .mapboxgl-attrib-empty { display: none; } .mapboxgl-ctrl-scale { background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75); font-size: 10px; border: 2px solid #333; border-top: #333; padding: 0 5px; color: #333; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; } .mapboxgl-popup { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; will-change: transform; pointer-events: none; } .mapboxgl-popup-anchor-top, .mapboxgl-popup-anchor-top-left, .mapboxgl-popup-anchor-top-right { -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; } .mapboxgl-popup-anchor-bottom, .mapboxgl-popup-anchor-bottom-left, .mapboxgl-popup-anchor-bottom-right { -ms-flex-direction: column-reverse; flex-direction: column-reverse; } .mapboxgl-popup-anchor-left { -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; } .mapboxgl-popup-anchor-right { -ms-flex-direction: row-reverse; flex-direction: row-reverse; } .mapboxgl-popup-tip { width: 0; height: 0; border: 10px solid transparent; z-index: 1; } .mapboxgl-popup-anchor-top .mapboxgl-popup-tip { -ms-flex-item-align: center; -ms-grid-row-align: center; align-self: center; border-top: none; border-bottom-color: #fff; } .mapboxgl-popup-anchor-top-left .mapboxgl-popup-tip { -ms-flex-item-align: start; align-self: flex-start; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom-color: #fff; } .mapboxgl-popup-anchor-top-right .mapboxgl-popup-tip { -ms-flex-item-align: end; align-self: flex-end; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-bottom-color: #fff; } .mapboxgl-popup-anchor-bottom .mapboxgl-popup-tip { -ms-flex-item-align: center; -ms-grid-row-align: center; align-self: center; border-bottom: none; border-top-color: #fff; } .mapboxgl-popup-anchor-bottom-left .mapboxgl-popup-tip { -ms-flex-item-align: start; align-self: flex-start; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-top-color: #fff; } .mapboxgl-popup-anchor-bottom-right .mapboxgl-popup-tip { -ms-flex-item-align: end; align-self: flex-end; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; border-top-color: #fff; } .mapboxgl-popup-anchor-left .mapboxgl-popup-tip { -ms-flex-item-align: center; -ms-grid-row-align: center; align-self: center; border-left: none; border-right-color: #fff; } .mapboxgl-popup-anchor-right .mapboxgl-popup-tip { -ms-flex-item-align: center; -ms-grid-row-align: center; align-self: center; border-right: none; border-left-color: #fff; } .mapboxgl-popup-close-button { position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; border: 0; border-radius: 0 3px 0 0; cursor: pointer; background-color: transparent; } .mapboxgl-popup-close-button:hover { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); } .mapboxgl-popup-content { position: relative; background: #fff; border-radius: 3px; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); padding: 10px 10px 15px; pointer-events: auto; } .mapboxgl-popup-anchor-top-left .mapboxgl-popup-content { border-top-left-radius: 0; } .mapboxgl-popup-anchor-top-right .mapboxgl-popup-content { border-top-right-radius: 0; } .mapboxgl-popup-anchor-bottom-left .mapboxgl-popup-content { border-bottom-left-radius: 0; } .mapboxgl-popup-anchor-bottom-right .mapboxgl-popup-content { border-bottom-right-radius: 0; } .mapboxgl-popup-track-pointer { display: none; } .mapboxgl-popup-track-pointer * { pointer-events: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none; user-select: none; } .mapboxgl-map:hover .mapboxgl-popup-track-pointer { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .mapboxgl-map:active .mapboxgl-popup-track-pointer { display: none; } .mapboxgl-marker { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; will-change: transform; } .mapboxgl-user-location-dot, .mapboxgl-user-location-dot:before { background-color: #1da1f2; width: 15px; height: 15px; border-radius: 50%; } .mapboxgl-user-location-dot:before { content: ""; position: absolute; -webkit-animation: mapboxgl-user-location-dot-pulse 2s infinite; animation: mapboxgl-user-location-dot-pulse 2s infinite; } .mapboxgl-user-location-dot:after { border-radius: 50%; border: 2px solid #fff; content: ""; height: 19px; left: -2px; position: absolute; top: -2px; width: 19px; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35); box-shadow: 0 0 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35); } @-webkit-keyframes mapboxgl-user-location-dot-pulse { 0% { -webkit-transform: scale(1); opacity: 1; } 70% { -webkit-transform: scale(3); opacity: 0; } to { -webkit-transform: scale(1); opacity: 0; } } @keyframes mapboxgl-user-location-dot-pulse { 0% { -webkit-transform: scale(1); transform: scale(1); opacity: 1; } 70% { -webkit-transform: scale(3); transform: scale(3); opacity: 0; } to { -webkit-transform: scale(1); transform: scale(1); opacity: 0; } } .mapboxgl-user-location-dot-stale { background-color: #aaa; } .mapboxgl-user-location-dot-stale:after { display: none; } .mapboxgl-user-location-accuracy-circle { background-color: rgba(29, 161, 242, 0.2); width: 1px; height: 1px; border-radius: 100%; } .mapboxgl-crosshair, .mapboxgl-crosshair .mapboxgl-interactive, .mapboxgl-crosshair .mapboxgl-interactive:active { cursor: crosshair; } .mapboxgl-boxzoom { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 0; height: 0; background: #fff; border: 2px dotted #202020; opacity: .5; } @media print { .mapbox-improve-map { display: none; } } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .partner-module { border-bottom: 1px solid #472479; border-top: 0; } .partner-module__link, .partner-module__link:visited { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; color: #444; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; padding: 0; text-decoration: none; } .partner-module__link:hover { background-color: #f5f5f5; } .partner-module__heading { display: inline-block; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; margin: 16px 0; } .partner-module__partner-name { font-weight: bold; } .partner-module__partner-logo { display: block; height: 31px; margin: 12px 0; margin-left: 17px; width: 88px; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .author-unit { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: -0.1px; line-height: 35px; } .author-unit--small-mobile { line-height: 30px; } .author-unit .author-unit__container { color: #4a4a4a; margin: 0 auto; } .author-unit .author-unit__container--desktop { margin: 0; } .author-unit__container { -ms-flex-align: baseline; align-items: baseline; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; padding: 10px 0; } .author-unit__text { font-style: italic; font-weight: 600; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none; } .author-unit__icon { color: #6a6a6a; padding-right: 14px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: 1px; } .author-unit__icon:hover { color: #00bbf2; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .uppercase-label { color: #8f8d8d; font-size: 12px; font-style: condensed; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-transform: uppercase; -webkit-transition: color 0.4s; transition: color 0.4s; } .uppercase-label--small { font-size: 11px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 14px; margin: 0; } .uppercase-label--medium { font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; } .uppercase-label--reith-condensed { font-weight: 400; } .uppercase-label--white { color: #ebebeb; } .uppercase-label--light-grey { color: #999; } .uppercase-label--dark-grey { color: #444; } .uppercase-label--large { font-size: 16px; line-height: 18px; } .uppercase-label--true-white { color: #fff; text-shadow: 0 1px 1px #193e6d; } .uppercase-label--arial { font-family: Arial; } .label-with-line { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .label-with-line__label { margin: 0 16px 0 0; } .body-text-card-inline-video { margin: 24px 0; position: relative; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ @-webkit-keyframes spin { 0% { -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); transform: rotate(0deg); } 100% { -webkit-transform: rotate(360deg); transform: rotate(360deg); } } @keyframes spin { 0% { -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); transform: rotate(0deg); } 100% { -webkit-transform: rotate(360deg); transform: rotate(360deg); } } .spinner { fill: #444; } .spinner__image { -webkit-animation: spin 1s linear infinite; animation: spin 1s linear infinite; } .spinner--worklife { fill: #8beed9; } .spinner--future { fill: #ffc857; } .spinner--culture { fill: #472479; } .spinner--travel { fill: #002856; } .spinner--earth { fill: #002856; } .spinner--white { fill: #fff; } .spinner--audio { height: 32px; width: 32px; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .inline-video { height: 100%; } .inline-video__container { position: relative; } .inline-video__border-line { padding: 0 10px; } .inline-video .play-button__inline-video { bottom: 0; left: 0; position: absolute; z-index: 1000; } .inline-video__smp { background-color: #000; padding-bottom: 56.25%; } .inline-video__smp--loaded { background-color: unset; padding-bottom: unset; } .inline-video__description { border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(106, 106, 106, 0.43); color: #737373; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; line-height: 24px; margin: 0 10px 0 3%; padding: 20px 0 12px; } .inline-video__description--desktop { border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(106, 106, 106, 0.43); margin: 0 18px; padding: 28px 0 18px; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .inline-image__description { border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(106, 106, 106, 0.43); font-style: italic; margin: 0 10px; padding: 20px 0 12px; } .inline-image__description--desktop { border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(106, 106, 106, 0.43); margin: 0 18px; padding: 20px 0 18px; } .inline-image img { border-radius: 0; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .inline-quote { border-left: 3px solid #575757; color: #575757; font-style: italic; letter-spacing: -1.69px; line-height: 32px; margin: 0; padding-left: 22px; } .inline-quote--worklife { border-left: 3px solid #8beed9; } .inline-quote--future { border-left: 3px solid #ffc857; } .inline-quote--culture { border-left: 3px solid #472479; } .inline-quote--earth { border-left: 3px solid #002856; } .inline-quote h2 { font-weight: 300; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .inline-audio-player { background: none; } .inline-audio-player__smp-container { display: inline-block; width: 100%; } .inline-audio-player__smp-container > div { /* CreateSMPAudio */ display: inline-block; width: 100%; } .inline-audio-player__smp-container > div > div { height: 50px; position: relative; /* stylelint-disable-next-line selector-max-compound-selectors */ } .inline-audio-player__smp-container > div > div > div { padding: 0 !important; } .inline-audio-player__container { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .inline-audio-player__cta-holder { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #ededed; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; padding-right: 8px; } .inline-audio-player__cta-container { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .inline-audio-player__cta-container.initialising * { cursor: initial; pointer-events: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none; user-select: none; } .inline-audio-player__cta-container.initialising button { opacity: 0.6; } .inline-audio-player__text { background: none; border: 0; color: #222; cursor: pointer; font-size: 18px; height: 25px; letter-spacing: -0.1px; line-height: 25px; margin-left: 12px; outline: inherit; padding: 0; } .inline-audio-player__text--offline { cursor: default; pointer-events: none; } .inline-audio-player__disclaimer { background-color: #e6711b; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; height: 25px; left: -110px; line-height: 12px; margin-left: 0; padding: 0 7px; position: relative; top: 25px; width: 66px; } .inline-audio-player__disclaimer:hover .inline-audio-player__arrow { -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); transform: rotate(45deg); } .inline-audio-player__inner-arrow { color: #4d4d49; font-size: 10px; } .inline-audio-player__arrow-button { background-color: transparent; border: 0; margin-left: auto; outline: none; -webkit-transition: all 0.5s ease; transition: all 0.5s ease; } .inline-audio-player__arrow-button__open { -webkit-transform: rotate(180deg); transform: rotate(180deg); } .inline-audio-player__disclaimer-copy { color: #444; display: block; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 17px; margin-top: 16px; } .inline-audio-player__arrow { border: solid #fff; border-width: 0 2px 2px 0; display: inline-block; padding: 3px; position: relative; top: -1px; -webkit-transform: rotate(-45deg); transform: rotate(-45deg); -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .inline-audio-player__hidden { display: none; } .inline-audio-player .collapsible-container { background-color: #ededed; color: #444; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; padding: 1rem; } .inline-audio-player .collapsible-container__hide { display: none; } .inline-audio-player .previous-button__inline-audio { margin-right: 1px; } .inline-audio-player__line { margin-top: 16px; } .inline-audio-player .previous-media-button { height: 50px; margin-right: 1px; width: 50px; } .inline-audio-player .previous-button__inline-audio { margin-right: 1px; } .copyright__text { color: #737373; font-size: 16px; font-style: italic; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; } @media (max-width: 767px) { .copyright__text { margin-top: 12px; } } .content-embed { width: 100%; } .infographic-embed__frame { width: 100%; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .article-video { height: 100%; position: relative; } .article-video img { bottom: -100%; display: block; height: 100%; left: -100%; margin: auto; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; object-fit: cover; position: absolute; right: -100%; top: -100%; width: 100%; } .article-video__overlay { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: 100%; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; top: 0; width: 100%; } .article-video__play-button { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; left: 50%; padding: 0; position: absolute; top: 50%; -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%); transform: translate(-50%, -50%); z-index: 1500; } .article-video__label { margin-bottom: 16px; } .article-video__image { bottom: 0; height: 100%; position: absolute; top: 0; width: 100%; } .article-video__image--hide { opacity: 0; } .article-video__playercore { display: block; } .article-video__playercore--mobile { display: none; position: absolute; top: 0; width: 100%; } .article-video__playercore--show { display: block; } .article-video--bordered { border-radius: 4px; overflow: hidden; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .hero-video { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: 180px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; position: relative; z-index: 1; } .hero-video__video { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: 80%; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; position: relative; width: 80%; z-index: 2; } .hero-video__video--desktop { left: 0; top: 65px; width: 71.5% !important; } .hero-video__video--mobile { height: 100%; width: 100%; } .hero-video__video--small-desktop { height: 70%; left: 0; top: 78px; width: 67%; } .hero-video--small-desktop, .hero-video--desktop { display: block; height: 720px; } .hero-video img { bottom: -100%; display: block; height: 100%; left: -100%; margin: auto; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; object-fit: cover; position: absolute; right: -100%; top: -100%; width: 100%; -webkit-filter: brightness(40%); filter: brightness(40%); } @media all and (-ms-high-contrast: none), (-ms-high-contrast: active) { .hero-video img { opacity: 0.5; } } .hero-video--mobile { height: 280px; } .hero-video--medium-mobile { height: 430px; } .hero-video--tablet { height: 574px; } .hero-video--tablet .hero-video__video { margin-bottom: 10px; } .hero-video__play-button { position: absolute; z-index: 100; } .hero-video__video div div { position: inherit !important; position: unset !important; } .share-tools-popout { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #979797; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; padding: 30px 0 20px; position: relative; width: 300px; } .share-tools-popout__text { color: #444; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3px; margin: 0 18px 18px; text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase; } .share-tools-popout__url-container { padding: 0 18px; width: 100%; } .share-tools-popout__articleurl { border: 1px solid #979797; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; color: #a39f9f; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: -0.5px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-top: 0; padding: 12px 10px; text-align: center; width: 262px; } .share-tools-popout__close { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: unset; border: unset; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; position: absolute; right: 8px; top: 20px; } .share-tools-popout__close:hover .share-tools-popout__close-icon { color: #888; -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg); transform: rotate(90deg); } .share-tools-popout__close-icon { color: #000; font-size: 16px; -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .share-tools-popout__border-arrow { background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #979797; border-bottom: 0; border-right: 0; height: 12px; left: 40px; position: absolute; top: -7px; -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); transform: rotate(45deg); width: 12px; } .share-tools-popout__tools { margin-bottom: 13px; } .share-tools-popout__details { -ms-flex-item-align: normal; -ms-grid-row-align: normal; align-self: normal; color: #444; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 16px; margin: 0; max-width: 180px; padding-left: 14px; } .share-tools-popout__copied, .share-tools-popout__copy { background-color: #000; border: unset; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3px; margin-bottom: 18px; padding: 12px 6px; text-transform: uppercase; -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; width: 110px; } .share-tools-popout__copy:hover { background-color: #555; } .share-tools-popout__copied .gelicon--yes { color: #ff9700; margin-left: 8px; } .share-button-with-popout { position: relative; z-index: 9999; } .share-button-with-popout__popout { max-width: 330px; padding-right: 8px; position: absolute; top: 53px; width: 100%; } .share-button-with-popout__popout--desktop { width: auto; } .article-end__line--long { margin-bottom: 24px; } .article-end__share-tools { margin-bottom: 0; } .article-end--tablet .article-end__line--long { margin-bottom: 36px; } .article-end--desktop .article-end__line--long { margin-bottom: 44px; } .article-end--desktop .article-end__share-tools { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; margin-bottom: 50px; } .article-end--desktop .article-end__share { margin-top: 0; } .article-end__share { margin-top: 5px; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .article-share-tools { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .article-share-tools a, .article-share-tools button { background-color: transparent; border: 1px solid #e4e4e4; border-radius: 0; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; color: #979797; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: 52px; margin-right: 2px; width: 52px; } .article-share-tools--dark a, .article-share-tools--dark button { color: #444; height: 54px; width: 54px; } .article-share-tools--dark a svg, .article-share-tools--dark button svg { stroke: #444; } .article-share-tools a:hover, .article-share-tools button:hover { background-color: #fff; } .article-share-tools .facebook-icon:hover { color: #3b5898; } .article-share-tools .email-icon:hover { color: #615f5d; } .article-share-tools .twitter-icon:hover { color: #47c7fa; } .article-share-tools .linkedin-icon:hover { color: #0077b5; } .article-share-tools .whatsapp-icon:hover { color: #25d366; } .article-share-tools .facebook-messenger { color: #0184ff; } .article-share-tools .ticked-icon { background-color: transparent; border: 1px solid #e4e4e4; border-radius: 0; -webkit-box-shadow: none; box-shadow: none; font-size: 11px; margin-right: 2px; padding: 3px; } .article-share-tools--popout > *, .article-share-tools--popout a { color: #020203; margin-bottom: 3px; -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .domestic-disclaimer { background-color: #333; position: relative; } .domestic-disclaimer__content { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; margin: auto; max-width: 990px; } .domestic-disclaimer__content--desktop-small { max-width: 976px; } .domestic-disclaimer__content--desktop { max-width: 1248px; } .domestic-disclaimer__text { color: #d8d8d8; font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px; margin: auto; padding: 8px 16px; } .domestic-disclaimer__text--tablet { font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; padding: 16px 54px 16px 16px; } .domestic-disclaimer__text--desktop { font-size: 14px; line-height: 19px; margin-left: 0; max-width: 890px; padding: 14px 16px; } .domestic-disclaimer__close-button { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: unset; border: unset; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; padding: 0 16px 0 0; position: relative; } .domestic-disclaimer__close-button--desktop { padding: 0 16px 0 0; } .domestic-disclaimer__close-icon { color: #d8d8d8; font-size: 16px; } .domestic-disclaimer__close-icon--desktop { font-size: 22px; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .section-header-text__text { background-color: #fff; border-radius: 4px; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 20px 0 rgba(153, 153, 153, 0.5), 0 2px 5px 0 rgba(153, 153, 153, 0.5); box-shadow: 0 0 20px 0 rgba(153, 153, 153, 0.5), 0 2px 5px 0 rgba(153, 153, 153, 0.5); margin: 0 8px; opacity: 0.95; padding: 16px; position: relative; z-index: 3; } .section-header-text__text--no-margin { margin: 0; } .section-header-text__ad { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: end; justify-content: flex-end; margin: 0 8px 8px; position: relative; top: unset; } .section-header-text__ad--desktop { margin: 0 0 8px; } .section-header-text__title { display: inline-block; } .section-header-text__title--large-margin { margin: 0 40px 16px 0; } .section-header-text__title--premium { border: 1.78px solid; padding: 8px; } .section-header-text__title-content { color: #444; font-size: 22px; font-weight: bold; margin: unset; } .section-header-text__title-content--tablet { font-size: 24px; } .section-header-text__title-content--desktop { font-size: 28px; } .section-header-text__description { color: #555; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0; } .section-header-text__description--large { font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .section-header-unit { max-width: 1280px; position: relative; } .section-header-unit--tablet { height: 320px; } .section-header-unit--desktop { border-radius: 4px; height: 320px; overflow: hidden; } .section-header-unit__image { height: 320px; max-height: 320px; overflow: hidden; position: relative; } .section-header-unit__image img { left: 50%; position: relative; top: 50%; -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%); transform: translate(-50%, -50%); } .section-header-unit__image--right img { left: unset; min-width: 100%; right: 0; width: unset; } .section-header-unit__image--left img { left: unset; min-width: 100%; right: unset; width: unset; } .section-header-unit__content { position: relative; -webkit-transform: translateY(-50%); transform: translateY(-50%); } .section-header-unit__content--desktop { bottom: 0; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; max-width: 420px; position: absolute; right: 32px; top: 0; -webkit-transform: none; transform: none; } .section-header-unit__content--advert { -webkit-transform: translateY(calc(-50% - 28px)); transform: translateY(calc(-50% - 28px)); /* - half the height of the advert so the text is still centered. */ } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .label-list { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; position: relative; } .label-list__line { width: 100%; } .label-list__content { margin: 30px 0 0 16px; width: 100%; } .label-list__content--tablet { margin: 34px 0 0 38px; } .label-list__content--desktop { margin: 42px 0 0 32px; } .label-list__list-item { margin: 0; padding: 0; } .label-list__link { color: #444; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px; text-decoration: none; } .label-list__link:hover { color: #adadad; } .label-list__link--large { font-size: 22px; line-height: 29px; } .label-list__link:not(:first-of-type) { margin-top: 8px; } .label-list__link--large:not(:first-of-type) { margin-top: 12px; } .label-list__list-items { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; margin-top: 36px; } .label-list__list-items--tablet { margin-top: 52px; } .label-list__list-items--desktop { margin-top: 46px; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .offline-reading { font-family: 'CuriousSansBold'; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; } .offline-reading__header { font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0 0 16px; max-width: 220px; text-align: center; } .offline-reading__header--desktop { font-size: 18px; max-width: 460px; } .offline-reading__buttons { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; text-align: center; } .offline-reading__buttons--desktop { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; } .offline-reading__top-stories { margin-bottom: 24px; } .offline-reading__top-stories--desktop { margin: 0 16px 0 0; } .offline-reading__icon { display: block; height: auto; margin-bottom: 24px; width: 120px; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .rectangle-image { background-size: cover; height: 74px; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 132px; } .rectangle-image img { height: 100%; left: 50%; position: absolute; top: 50%; -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%); transform: translate(-50%, -50%); width: auto; } .rectangle-image--small { -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; height: 32px; width: 56px; } .rectangle-image--large { -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; height: 162px; width: 288px; } .rectangle-image--medium { -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; height: 126px; width: 222px; } .rectangle-image--full-screen { padding-top: 56.25%; width: 100%; } .rectangle-image img { -webkit-transition: all 0.4s ease; transition: all 0.4s ease; } .rectangle-image__overlay { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0; height: 100%; left: 0; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; width: 100%; } .rectangle-image__overlay--culture { background-color: rgba(72, 41, 120, 0.6); } .rectangle-image:hover .rectangle-image__overlay { opacity: 1; } .rectangle-image:hover img { height: 108%; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .rectangle-story-item { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; height: 100%; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; margin: auto; max-width: 100%; width: 288px; } .rectangle-story-item__image-container:hover .rectangle-image__overlay { opacity: 1; } .rectangle-story-item__image-container:hover .rectangle-story-item__icon { background-color: #000; } .rectangle-story-item__image-container--culture:hover .rectangle-story-item__icon { background-color: #482978; } .rectangle-story-item__image-container:hover .rectangle-image img { height: 108%; } .rectangle-story-item__image-container { position: relative; width: 100%; } .rectangle-story-item--tablet { width: 222px; } .rectangle-story-item__container { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex: 1 1 auto; flex: 1 1 auto; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; margin-top: 3px; width: 100%; } .rectangle-story-item__label { color: #4a4a4a; display: block; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3px; line-height: 16px; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 3px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: uppercase; } .rectangle-story-item__label--worklife:hover, .rectangle-story-item__label--future:hover, .rectangle-story-item__label__travel:hover { background-image: none; } .rectangle-story-item__label--worklife > span:hover, .rectangle-story-item__label--future > span:hover, .rectangle-story-item__label__travel > span:hover { border-bottom: 1px solid #4a4a4a; } .rectangle-story-item__label--culture:hover { background-image: none; } .rectangle-story-item__label--culture > span:hover { border-bottom: 1px solid #482978; } .rectangle-story-item__line { display: block; margin: 16px 0; } .rectangle-story-item__author { color: #4a4a4a; display: block; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; letter-spacing: 0.1px; line-height: 35px; text-decoration: none; } .rectangle-story-item__title { color: rgba(46, 46, 46, 0.85); display: block; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.21px; line-height: 30px; text-decoration: none; } .rectangle-story-item__icon { background-color: #000; bottom: 0; color: #fff; font-size: 14px; height: 44px; line-height: 44px; position: absolute; text-align: center; -webkit-transition: 0.4s ease; transition: 0.4s ease; width: 44px; } .rectangle-story-item__title--white, .rectangle-story-item__author--white, .rectangle-story-item__label--white { color: #fff; } .rectangle-story-item__label--white:hover { border-bottom: 0; } .rectangle-story-item__label--white > span:hover { border-bottom: 1px solid #fff; } .rectangle-article-group { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex: 1 1; flex: 1 1; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; position: relative; } .rectangle-article-group--tablet, .rectangle-article-group--desktop { -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; } .rectangle-article-group__article { display: inline-block; padding-top: 12px; } .rectangle-article-group__article--tablet { padding: 0 16px 0 0; } .rectangle-article-group__article--desktop { padding: 0 24px 0 0; } .fake-ad { -ms-flex-line-pack: center; align-content: center; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background: #f6f6f6; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; padding: 8px; } .fake-ad__body { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background: #5ae9cb; color: #fff; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex: 0 0 auto; flex: 0 0 auto; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; } .fake-ad__text { -ms-flex-item-align: center; -ms-grid-row-align: center; align-self: center; color: #444; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.5; text-align: right; text-transform: uppercase; } .fake-ad--mpu .fake-ad__body { height: 320px; width: 320px; } .fake-ad--mpu .fake-ad__text { width: 320px; } .fake-ad--mobile-leaderboard .fake-ad__body { height: 50px; width: 300px; } .fake-ad--mobile-leaderboard .fake-ad__text { width: 300px; } .fake-ad--leaderboard .fake-ad__body { height: 90px; width: 728px; } .fake-ad--leaderboard .fake-ad__text { width: 728px; } .body-text-card-inline-image { margin: 24px 0; position: relative; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .body-text-card { color: #444; display: block; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5; } .body-text-card__image, .body-text-card__video { margin: 24px 0; } .body-text-card__text { display: block; } .body-text-card__advert { margin: 20px 0; } .body-text-card__text div a { cursor: pointer; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; } .body-text-card__text a:hover { text-decoration: underline; } .body-text-card__text > div > p { margin: 0 20px 16px; } .body-text-card__text > div > p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; padding-bottom: 0; } .body-text-card__drop-capped { float: left; margin: 0 8px 0 20px; padding-top: 6px; } .body-text-card__text--drop-capped p:first-of-type::first-letter { color: transparent; font-size: 0; } .body-text-card__text--flush-text > div > p { margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; } .body-text-card__text--future div a:visited { color: #666; } .body-text-card__text--future div a { color: #002856; -webkit-text-decoration-color: #002856; text-decoration-color: #002856; } .body-text-card__text--travel div a { color: #589e50; -webkit-text-decoration-color: #589e50; text-decoration-color: #589e50; } .body-text-card__text--worklife div a { color: #0052a1; -webkit-text-decoration-color: #0052a1; text-decoration-color: #0052a1; } .body-text-card__text--earth div a { color: #0fbb56; -webkit-text-decoration-color: #0fbb56; text-decoration-color: #0fbb56; } .body-text-card__text--culture div a { color: #472479; -webkit-text-decoration-color: #472479; text-decoration-color: #472479; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .branding { -webkit-box-sizing: content-box !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; display: inline-block; height: 24px; padding: 12px 16px; width: 100%; } .branding__icon { display: inline-block; height: 24px; width: 100%; } .branding__icon g { fill: #fff; } .branding--medium { padding: 16px; } .branding--large { padding: 16px 24px; } .branding--worklife { background-color: #0052a1; } .branding--future { background-color: #002856; } .branding--culture { background-color: #472479; } .branding--earth { background-color: #0fbb56; } .branding--travel { background-color: #589e50; } .branding--travel svg, .branding--earth svg, .branding--culture svg, .branding--future svg, .branding--worklife svg { height: 24px; } .branding--small, .branding--small svg { height: 17px; } .branding__icon--medium, .branding--medium, .branding--medium svg { height: 22px; } .branding__icon--large, .branding--large, .branding--large svg { height: 24px; } .branding__icon--largest, .branding--largest, .branding--largest svg { height: 32px; } .branding__icon--small, .branding--travel .branding__icon--small svg, .branding--earth .branding__icon--small svg, .branding--culture .branding__icon--small svg, .branding--future .branding__icon--small svg, .branding--worklife .branding__icon--small svg { height: 17px; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .swimlane-inner { background-position: center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: auto 100%; display: block; padding: 24px 16px; } .swimlane-inner--small { padding: 24px 8px; } .swimlane-inner--tablet { padding: 28px 16px 42px; } .swimlane-inner--small-desktop { padding: 30px 16px 42px; } .swimlane-inner--desktop { padding: 38px 16px 42px; } .swimlane { overflow: hidden; position: relative; z-index: 0; } .swimlane__black { background-color: #0e0e0e; } .swimlane__background-image { height: 500px; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; width: 915px; z-index: -1; } .swimlane__background-image--mobile { height: 181px; width: 320px; } .swimlane__background-image--tablet { height: 421px; width: 752px; } .swimlane__background-image--desktop { height: 500px; width: 915px; } .swimlane__background-image--atb { background-color: rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.8); background-size: cover; height: 100%; width: 100%; } .swimlane__item { margin: 0 0 25px; width: 100%; } .swimlane__item--desktop { margin: 0; } .swimlane__item--tablet { margin: 0 16px 25px 0; width: calc((100% - 48px) / 3); } .swimlane__item--tablet:nth-of-type(3n + 3) { margin-right: 0; } .swimlane__item--two-columns { margin-right: 0 !important; max-width: 572px; width: 50%; } .swimlane__item--four-columns { -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 25px; margin-right: 16px; width: calc((100% - 48px) / 4); } .swimlane__item--four-columns:nth-of-type(4n + 4) { margin-right: 0; } .swimlane__items { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; margin-top: 24px; text-align: left; } .swimlane__items--desktop { -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; margin-top: 42px; } .swimlane__items--small-desktop { -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 30px; } .swimlane__items--tablet { -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; margin-top: 30px; } .swimlane__items--no-title { margin-top: 0; } .swimlane__content { margin: auto; max-width: 942px; text-align: center; } .swimlane__content--desktop { max-width: 1216px; } .swimlane__title { color: #fff; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 2.92px; line-height: 19px; text-transform: uppercase; } .swimlane__title--black { color: #010101; font-weight: 400; } .see-more-button-container-alt { color: #0e0e0e; } .follow-us-on { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; position: relative; } .follow-us-on__text { color: #fff; font-size: 16px; font-style: condensed; line-height: 20px; margin: 0 0 20px; padding: 0; text-transform: uppercase; } .follow-us-on__links { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; } .follow-us-on__link:first-child { margin-right: 16px; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .nav-bar { background-color: #fff; } .nav-bar__hidden-menu { display: none; } .nav-bar__visible-menu { display: block; } .nav-bar__no-scroll { max-height: 100vh; overflow: hidden; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .dot-with-label { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .dot-with-label__text { padding-left: 8px; } .dot-with-label__text a { text-decoration: none; } .dot-with-label__text:hover h2 { color: #adadad; } .sponsor-section { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; height: 100%; max-width: 530px; } .sponsor-section--menu { padding: 20px 0 16px 24px; } .sponsor-section__container { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; height: 100%; } .sponsor-section__container--desktop { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; } .sponsor-section__sponsor { color: #fff; padding-right: 16px; } .sponsor-section__sponsor-name { font-family: 'CuriousSansBold'; color: #4e4e4e; font-size: 26px; margin: 0; white-space: nowrap; } .sponsor-section__sponsor-name--mobile { padding-bottom: 16px; } .sponsor-section__sponsor-name--desktop { font-size: 22px; } .sponsor-section__sponsor-name--menu { color: #fff; } .sponsor-section__sponsor-name--menu-desktop { font-size: 32px; } .sponsor-section__summary { color: #ebebeb; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; padding-top: 16px; } .sponsor-section__advert { display: inline-block; } .icon-with-label { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .icon-with-label__icon { padding-right: 10px; } .full-width-image-article { width: 100%; } .full-width-image-article__container { min-height: 325px; overflow: hidden; position: relative; } .full-width-image-article__container--desktop { min-height: 400px; } .full-width-image-article__image { height: 100%; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 100%; } .full-width-image-article__image img { bottom: -100%; display: block; height: 100%; left: -100%; margin: auto; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; object-fit: cover; position: absolute; right: -100%; top: -100%; width: 100%; } .full-width-image-article__text { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; color: #fff; left: 50%; max-width: 488px; padding: 0 20px; position: absolute; text-align: center; top: 50%; -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%); transform: translate(-50%, -50%); width: 100%; } .full-width-image-article__text a { color: #fff; text-decoration: none; } .full-width-image-article__text .full-width-image-article-text__label { display: inline-block; font-size: 14.4px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3.6px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 11px; text-transform: uppercase; } .full-width-image-article__text .full-width-image-article-text__header { font-size: 24px; letter-spacing: -0.25px; line-height: 42px; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .full-width-image-article__text .full-width-image-article-text__header--desktop { font-size: 33.6px; } .full-width-image-article__text .full-width-image-article-text__author { font-size: 16.6px; font-style: italic; letter-spacing: -0.13px; line-height: 42px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 28px; } .full-width-image-article__text .full-width-image-article-text__author--desktop { margin-top: 32px; } .full-width-image-article__background { background-image: radial-gradient(50% 49%, rgba(5, 36, 53, 0.37) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 83%); height: 100%; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; top: 0; width: 100%; } .full-width-image-article__link { color: #fff; text-decoration: none; } .more-articles { background-position: center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; -o-object-fit: cover; object-fit: cover; overflow: hidden; position: relative; -webkit-transition: background-image 0.4s; transition: background-image 0.4s; } .more-articles__heading { display: inline-block; margin: auto; max-width: 1272px; padding: 20px 0 0 16px; position: relative; z-index: 5; } .more-articles__stories { margin: 10px 16px 42px; max-width: 1232px; padding: 8px; position: relative; z-index: 4; } .more-articles__stories--small { padding: 0; } .more-articles__stories--tablet { margin: 24px 16px 72px; max-width: 1216px; } .more-articles__stories--desktop { margin: 56px 48px 92px; max-width: 1152px; } .more-articles__story-container:not(:first-of-type) { padding-top: 16px; } .more-articles__line { opacity: 0.3; padding-top: 16px; z-index: 5; } .more-articles__image-overlay { background-color: rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.3); bottom: -100%; display: block; height: 100%; left: -100%; margin: auto; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; -o-object-fit: cover; object-fit: cover; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; right: -100%; top: -100%; width: 100%; z-index: 1; } .more-articles__image { opacity: 0; -webkit-transition: 0.6s; transition: 0.6s; } .more-articles__image img { bottom: -100%; display: block; height: 100%; left: -100%; margin: auto; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; object-fit: cover; position: absolute; right: -100%; top: -100%; width: 100%; } .more-articles__image--right img { left: unset; min-width: 100%; right: 0; width: unset; } .more-articles__image--left img { left: unset; min-width: 100%; right: unset; width: unset; } .more-articles__image--visible { opacity: 1; } .more-articles__story--two-columns, .more-articles__story--three-columns { padding-right: 16px; width: 310px; } .more-articles__story-container:nth-child(even) .more-articles__story--two-columns { padding-right: 0; } .more-articles__story-container:nth-child(3n + 3) .more-articles__story--three-columns { padding-right: 0; } .more-articles__stories--two-columns, .more-articles__stories--three-columns { -ms-flex-align: end; align-items: flex-end; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; padding: 16px; } .more-articles__stories--two-columns .more-articles-item__link, .more-articles__stories--three-columns .more-articles-item__link { pointer-events: all; } .more-articles__story-container--two-columns { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; width: 50%; } .more-articles__story-container--two-columns:nth-child(2) { padding-top: 0; } .more-articles__story-container--three-columns { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; width: 33%; } .more-articles__story-container--three-columns:nth-child(-n + 3) { padding-top: 0; } .more-articles__heading--small { padding: 20px 0 0 8px; } .more-articles__heading--desktop { max-width: 1264px; padding: 38px 0 0 16px; } .more-articles__heading--tablet { max-width: 1264px; padding: 24px 0 0 16px; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .more-articles-item { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; position: relative; z-index: 5; } .more-articles-item__link { text-decoration: none; } .more-articles-item__container { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; width: 100%; } .more-articles-item__label { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 8px; } .more-articles-item__type { margin-right: 16px; position: relative; } .more-articles-item__icon { color: #fff; font-size: 12px; margin-right: 8px; } .more-articles-item__text { color: #fff; font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; padding: 0; position: relative; text-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.7); -webkit-transition: color 0.4s; transition: color 0.4s; } .more-articles-item__text--medium { font-size: 22px; line-height: 28px; } .more-articles-item__text--large { color: #ebebeb; font-size: 30px; line-height: 37px; } .more-articles-item__container--column { -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; } .more-articles-item__image-container { position: relative; } .more-articles-item--two-columns { margin-right: 16px; } .more-articles-item__label--desktop { margin-top: 16px; } .more-articles-item__label--tablet { margin-top: 16px; } .more-articles-item__link:hover .more-articles-item__text { color: #adadad; } .most-popular { background-color: #f9f9f9; } .most-popular__inner { margin: 0 auto; max-width: 894px; padding: 45px 24px 21px; } .most-popular__inner--desktop { padding: 47px 0 86px; } .most-popular__header { color: #010101; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 2.92px; line-height: 19px; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase; } .most-popular__items { display: block; } .most-popular__items--desktop { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 57px; } .most-popular-item { box-sizing: border-box; padding-top: 33px; } .most-popular-item:last-of-type { margin-bottom: 42px; } .most-popular-item--desktop { padding: 0 20px; width: calc(33.333%); } .most-popular-item--desktop:nth-child(3n + 2) { -ms-flex-order: 2; order: 2; padding: 38px 20px; } .most-popular-item--desktop:nth-child(3n + 3) { -ms-flex-order: 3; order: 3; } .most-popular-item--desktop:nth-child(n+4) { border-left: 1px solid #dadada; } .most-popular-item--desktop:last-of-type { margin-bottom: 0; } .most-popular-item a { text-decoration: none; } .most-popular-item__content { -ms-flex-align: end; align-items: flex-end; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; margin-top: 5px; } .most-popular-item__number { color: #cbcbcb; font-size: 40px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; line-height: 32px; margin: 0 20px 0 0; width: 25px; } .most-popular-item__label { color: #4a4a4a; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3px; margin: 0 0 0 45px; text-transform: uppercase; } .most-popular-item__title { color: #2e2e2ecc; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: -0.17px; line-height: 22px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; } .most-popular-item__title--desktop { font-size: 16px; } .StickyElementContent { -webkit-transition: -webkit-transform 0.5s; transition: -webkit-transform 0.5s; transition: transform 0.5s; transition: transform 0.5s, -webkit-transform 0.5s; } .StickyElementContent--is-undocked { left: 0; position: fixed; top: 0; width: 100%; } .StickyElementContent--is-hidden { -webkit-transform: translateY(-100%); transform: translateY(-100%); } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .error-page-header { position: relative; } .error-page-header__headers { margin-bottom: 16px; position: relative; z-index: 1; } .error-page-header__headers--tablet-plus { margin-bottom: 32px; } .error-page-header__description { color: #444; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; } .error-page-header__play-icon { margin-right: 16px; } .error-page-header__play-icon button { color: #adadad; } .error-page-header__dot-label { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .styled-list { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .styled-list__item { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; } .styled-list__item:not(:first-of-type) { padding-top: 8px; } .styled-list__item a { font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; } .styled-list__item--worklife a { color: #8beed9; } .styled-list__item--future a { color: #ffc857; } .styled-list__item--culture a { color: #472479; } .styled-list__item--earth a { color: #002856; } .styled-list__item--travel a { color: #002856; } .styled-list__text { color: #444; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; padding-left: 20px; } .styled-list__dot { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; margin-top: 8px; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .image-gallery-item { margin: 26px 0; } .image-gallery-item img { height: 100%; -o-object-fit: cover; object-fit: cover; width: 100%; } .image-gallery-item__image--landscape { margin: 20px 0 20px -3%; width: 106%; } @media (max-width: 1000px) and (min-width: 767px) { .image-gallery-item__image--landscape { margin: 20px 0 20px -16%; width: 116%; } } @media (max-width: 1180px) and (min-width: 1024px) { .image-gallery-item__image--landscape { margin: 20px 0 20px -8%; width: 108%; } } @media (max-width: 1365px) and (min-width: 1280px) { .image-gallery-item__image--landscape { margin: 20px 0 20px -42%; width: 142%; } } @media (min-width: 1366px) { .image-gallery-item__image--landscape { margin: 20px 0 20px -55%; width: 155%; } } .image-gallery-item__image--portrait { margin: 20px 0; width: 100%; } @media (max-width: 599px) { .image-gallery-item__image--portrait { margin-left: -3%; width: 106%; } } .image-gallery-item__image--portrait, .image-gallery-item__image--portrait img { max-height: 507px; min-height: 463px; } @media (max-width: 1279px) and (min-width: 768px) { .image-gallery-item__image--portrait, .image-gallery-item__image--portrait img { min-height: 818px; } } .error-page { position: relative; } .error-page__container { margin-bottom: 16px; } .error-page__container--tablet-plus { margin-bottom: 32px; } .error-page__title { margin-bottom: 12px; } .error-page__title--desktop { margin-bottom: 24px; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .article-labels { font-size: 12px; line-height: 16px; text-transform: uppercase; } .article-labels a { color: #fff; letter-spacing: 1px; text-decoration: none; } .article-labels__text:first-child { font-weight: bold; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .rectangle-story-group { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; margin: auto; position: relative; } .rectangle-story-group__articles { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex: 1 1; flex: 1 1; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; position: relative; } .rectangle-story-group__articles--small-tablet { -ms-flex-pack: unset; justify-content: unset; } .rectangle-story-group__articles--full-screen { display: block; } .rectangle-story-group__article { display: inline-block; padding-left: 18px; padding-top: 16px; } .rectangle-story-group__article--tablet { padding-left: 20px; padding-top: 22px; } .rectangle-story-group__article--desktop { padding-left: 22px; padding-top: 24px; } .rectangle-story-group__article--desktop:first-of-type { padding-left: 8px; } .rectangle-story-group__article--small-tablet { -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; width: 50%; } .rectangle-story-group__article--full-screen { display: block; padding: 16px; } .rectangle-story-group__article--full-screen:first-of-type { padding-top: 0; } .rectangle-story-group__article--small-desktop { padding-left: 10px; } .rectangle-story-group__article--small-desktop:last-of-type { padding-right: 8px; } .rectangle-story-group__articles-container { margin: auto; max-width: 950px; overflow: hidden; width: 100%; } .rectangle-story-group__advert-mpu { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 16px 16px 24px; } .rectangle-story-group__advert-mpu--desktop { border-left: 1px solid #dadada; display: block; padding: 0 0 0 16px; padding-top: 0; } .rectangle-story-group__advert-mpu--small-desktop { display: block; padding: 0 0 0 8px; } .rectangle-story-group__hero--desktop { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .rectangle-story-group__article-hero--tablet { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .article-title-card-rectangle { width: 100%; } .article-title-card-rectangle__image:hover .article-title-card-rectangle__overlay { opacity: 1; } .article-title-card-rectangle__overlay { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0; height: 100%; left: 0; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; -webkit-transition: -webkit-transform 0.5s ease; transition: -webkit-transform 0.5s ease; transition: transform 0.5s ease; transition: transform 0.5s ease, -webkit-transform 0.5s ease; width: 100%; will-change: transform; } .article-title-card-rectangle__overlay--culture { background-color: rgba(72, 41, 120, 0.6); } .article-title-card-rectangle__image { margin-right: 40px; max-height: 390px; max-width: 620px; overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: auto; } .article-title-card-rectangle__image img { display: block; min-height: 194px; min-width: 344px; width: 100%; } .article-title-card-rectangle__image--tablet, .article-title-card-rectangle__image--desktop { margin-right: 0; width: 100%; } .article-title-card-rectangle__image--tablet img, .article-title-card-rectangle__image--desktop img { width: 110%; } .article-title-card-rectangle__image--preview-article { margin-right: 0; } .article-title-card-rectangle__image--index { margin-right: 0; max-width: 100%; } .article-title-card-rectangle__container { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; position: relative; } .article-title-card-rectangle__container--tablet, .article-title-card-rectangle__container--desktop { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; } .article-title-card-rectangle__container--preview-article { margin-right: 8px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__container--index { -ms-flex-align: initial; align-items: initial; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box { background-color: #fff; margin-left: 40px; padding: 16px 22px 0; position: relative; top: -22px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__label { color: #4a4a4a; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3px; line-height: 20px; margin: 0; text-transform: uppercase; width: -webkit-fit-content; width: -moz-fit-content; width: fit-content; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__label--worklife:hover, .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__label--future:hover { border-bottom: 1px solid #4a4a4a; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__label--culture:hover { border-bottom: 1px solid #482978; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__label--index { color: #000; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 300; letter-spacing: -0.53px; line-height: 30px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__label--index--tablet { font-size: 28px; letter-spacing: -0.74px; line-height: 44px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__label--index--desktop { font-size: 32px; letter-spacing: -0.84px; line-height: 44px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__header { color: #2e2e2e; font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.21px; line-height: 30px; margin-bottom: 30px; margin-top: 12px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__header--desktop { font-size: 28px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__header--tablet { font-size: 26px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__header--index { color: #3d3d3d; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: -0.12px; line-height: 31px; margin-top: 4px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__author { color: #4a4a4a; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; letter-spacing: -0.1px; line-height: 35px; margin: 8px 0 0; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__author--tablet { margin: 14px 0 0; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box--tablet, .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box--desktop { left: -40px; margin: 0; padding: 40px; top: 0; -webkit-transform: none; transform: none; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box--desktop { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box--tablet { padding: 35px 22px 22px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box--index { left: 0; margin-right: 40px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box--index--tablet { margin-left: 50px; margin-right: 50px; padding: 30px 36px 0; top: -80px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-box--index--desktop { margin-left: 50px; max-width: 560px; top: -88px; width: 100%; } .article-title-card-rectangle__link { color: #000; text-decoration: none; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-container { display: block; max-width: 252px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__text-container--tablet, .article-title-card-rectangle__text-container--desktop { max-width: 320px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__preview-container { color: #4d4d4d; text-decoration: none; } .article-title-card-rectangle__preview-text { display: block; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 27px; max-width: 396px; } .article-title-card-rectangle__read-more { display: inline-block; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 4px; margin: 25px 16px 0 0; text-transform: uppercase; } .article-title-card-rectangle__arrow { color: #bababa; display: inline-block; -webkit-transform: rotate(-90deg); transform: rotate(-90deg); } .article-headline { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; padding: 43px 0; } .article-headline .article-labels { text-align: center; } .article-headline__line--short { margin-bottom: 40px; } .article-headline--largeTablet .article-headline__text { font-size: 32px; text-align: center; } .article-headline--tablet { padding: 31px 0; } .article-headline--tablet .article-headline__collection { margin-bottom: 24px; } .article-headline--tablet .article-headline__text { font-size: 32px; letter-spacing: -0.84px; margin: 0 15px 23px; text-align: center; } .article-headline--mobile { padding: 20px 0; } .article-headline--mobile .article-headline__text { font-size: 24px; letter-spacing: -0.63px; margin: 0 15px 15px; text-align: center; } .article-headline--mobile .article-headline__collection { margin-bottom: 15px; } .article-headline__collection { margin-bottom: 40px; } .article-headline__collection a { color: #242424; } .article-headline__text { font-size: 45px; letter-spacing: -1.26px; line-height: 30px; margin-bottom: 44px; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .loading-spinner { margin: 0 auto; text-align: center; } .loading-spinner__message { color: #002756; display: block; font-size: 1.2rem; font-weight: bold; margin: 12px 0; text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase; } .loading-spinner__image { display: block; margin: 0 auto; width: 48px; } @media only screen and (min-width: 1600px) { .hero-image { height: 900px; position: relative; } .hero-image img { bottom: -100%; display: block; height: 100%; left: -100%; margin: auto; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; object-fit: cover; position: absolute; right: -100%; top: -100%; width: 100%; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 1600px) { .hero-image { height: 0; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 56.25%; position: relative; } .hero-image img { height: 100%; left: 0; position: absolute; top: 0; width: 100%; } } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .article-hero { height: 672px; margin: 0; overflow: hidden; position: relative; width: 100%; } .article-hero--small-mobile { height: 373px; } .article-hero--mobile { height: 486px; } .article-hero--small-tablet { height: 433px; } .article-hero--tablet { height: 433px; } .article-hero--tablet .article-hero__content { padding: 60px 15px 0; } .article-hero__content { margin: auto; max-width: 1004px; pointer-events: none; position: relative; z-index: 1; } .article-hero--desktop { height: 573px; } .article-hero--desktop .article-hero__content { padding: 50px 30px 0; } .article-hero--large-desktop .article-hero__content { max-width: 1276px; } .article-hero--small-tablet .article-hero__content, .article-hero--mobile .article-hero__content, .article-hero--small-mobile .article-hero__content { padding: 60px 10px 0; } .article-hero--small-tablet .article-hero__content-title, .article-hero--mobile .article-hero__content-title, .article-hero--small-mobile .article-hero__content-title { font-size: 24px; line-height: 30px; max-width: 220px; } .article-hero--small-tablet .article-hero__content-line, .article-hero--mobile .article-hero__content-line, .article-hero--small-mobile .article-hero__content-line { margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 16px; } .article-hero--small-tablet .article-hero__content-labels, .article-hero--mobile .article-hero__content-labels, .article-hero--small-mobile .article-hero__content-labels { margin-bottom: 15px; } .article-hero--small-tablet .article-hero__content-cta, .article-hero--mobile .article-hero__content-cta, .article-hero--small-mobile .article-hero__content-cta { line-height: 22px; } .article-hero--small-tablet .article-hero__content-cta a, .article-hero--mobile .article-hero__content-cta a, .article-hero--small-mobile .article-hero__content-cta a { letter-spacing: 3px; } .article-hero__ambient-hidden { display: none; } .article-hero__background-ambient { bottom: 0; left: 0; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; z-index: -1; } .article-hero__background::after { background-image: linear-gradient(-63deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06) 24%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 51%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.32) 67%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.51) 100%); content: ''; height: 100%; left: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; top: 0; width: 100%; } .article-hero__background img { bottom: -100%; display: block; height: 100%; left: -100%; margin: auto; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; object-fit: cover; position: absolute; right: -100%; top: -100%; width: 100%; } .article-hero__background--parallax img { -webkit-transform: scale(1.1); transform: scale(1.1); } .article-hero a { color: #fff; letter-spacing: 3px; text-decoration: none; } .article-hero__content-cta { clear: both; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 4px; line-height: 20px; max-width: 170px; pointer-events: all; text-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); text-transform: uppercase; } .article-hero__content-cta a { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; letter-spacing: 4px; } .article-hero__content-labels { font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 20px; pointer-events: all; } .article-hero__content-line { background-color: #fff; border: 0; display: block; float: left; height: 1px; margin-bottom: 18px; margin-right: 300px; margin-top: 25px; width: 120px; } .article-hero__content-right-arrow { position: relative; } .article-hero__content-right-arrow::before { background: #fff; content: ''; height: 2px; left: 5px; margin-top: -1px; opacity: 0.4; position: absolute; top: 50%; -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; transition: all 0.3s ease; width: 20px; } .article-hero__content-right-arrow::after { border-right: 2px solid #fff; border-top: 2px solid #fff; content: ''; display: inline-block; height: 10px; left: 16px; margin-top: 5px; opacity: 0.4; position: absolute; -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); transform: rotate(45deg); width: 10px; } .article-hero__content-right-arrow--small::before { opacity: 1; } .article-hero__content-right-arrow--small::after { margin-top: 6px; opacity: 1; } .article-hero__content-right-arrow img { height: 11px; margin-left: 10px; width: 19px; } .article-hero__content-title { color: #fff; font-size: 50px; line-height: 54px; margin-top: 0; max-width: 450px; pointer-events: all; text-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.7); } .article-hero__content-title a { letter-spacing: -1.32px; } .article-hero__title-text { display: inline; } .article-hero__content-title > a:hover > div, .article-hero__content-subtitle > a:hover { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, color-stop(100%, currentColor), color-stop(0%, transparent)); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, currentColor 100%, transparent 0%); background-position: 0 1.15em; background-repeat: repeat-x; background-size: 100% 2px; } .article-hero__content-subtitle { clear: both; color: #fff; font-size: 23px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 0; max-width: 440px; pointer-events: all; text-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(51, 51, 51, 0.5); } .article-hero__content-subtitle a { letter-spacing: -1px; } .article-hero__content-title--small { font-size: 30px; line-height: 35px; } .article-hero__content-title--tablet { clear: both; font-size: 32px; letter-spacing: -0.84px; line-height: 42px; max-width: 264px; } .article-hero__content-title--small a { letter-spacing: -0.63px; } .article-hero__down-arrow { background-color: transparent; border: 0; bottom: 0; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; left: calc(50% - 29px); margin: 0; margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0; position: absolute; -webkit-transform: scale(0.5); transform: scale(0.5); } .see-more-button-container { color: #fff; } /* stylelint-disable */ @media screen and (min-width: 1000px) { .similar-articles-story { max-width: 900px; } } @media screen and (min-width: 601px) and (max-width: 999px) { .similar-articles-story { max-width: 600px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 600px) { .similar-articles-story { max-width: 300px; } } .related-articles { position: relative; } .related-articles__header { text-align: center; background-color: #000; color: #fff; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 3px; margin: 0 0 20px; padding: 8px; text-transform: uppercase; } .related-articles__header--bright { margin: 20px 0 1.15ex; font-size: 13px; background-color: #d8d8d8; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); letter-spacing: 2px; line-height: 3; } .related-articles__list { list-style: none; padding: 0 0 1.5ex 0; margin: 0; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-flow: row wrap; flex-flow: row wrap; /* .with-numbers */ } .related-articles__list li { -ms-flex-preferred-size: 100%; flex-basis: 100%; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-flow: row nowrap; flex-flow: row nowrap; -ms-flex-pack: start; justify-content: flex-start; -ms-flex-align: stretch; align-items: stretch; -ms-flex-line-pack: stretch; align-content: stretch; } .related-articles__list li > div { -ms-flex: 1 1; flex: 1 1; } .related-articles__list.with-numbers { counter-reset: related-numbers; list-style-image: url(data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7); margin: 0 35px; } .related-articles__list.with-numbers li::before { counter-increment: related-numbers; content: counter(related-numbers); font-weight: bold; font-size: 40px; -ms-flex-item-align: end; align-self: flex-end; line-height: 1.85; font-style: italic; letter-spacing: 0; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.18); -ms-flex: 0.1 0.1; flex: 0.1 0.1; -ms-flex-preferred-size: 1ex; flex-basis: 1ex; padding-right: 1ex; text-align: center; display: block; } .related-articles__list.with-numbers li { margin-bottom: 10px; } .related-articles--wide-layout { background-color: initial; margin-top: 20px; } ul.related-articles__list:not(.list-wide) li { max-width: 100%; } ul.related-articles__list:not(.list-wide).with-borders li:not(:last-of-type) { border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); } ul.related-articles__list.list-wide li { max-width: 49.8%; } ul.related-articles__list.list-wide.with-borders li { border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); } .related-article { -ms-flex-align: stretch; align-items: stretch; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-flow: row nowrap; flex-flow: row nowrap; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 16px; min-height: 90px; } .related-article__image { width: calc(90px + 0.5ex); -ms-flex: 0.3 0.3; flex: 0.3 0.3; min-width: 90px; max-width: calc(90px + 0.5ex); margin: 0; display: block; line-height: 0; -ms-flex-order: -1; order: -1; } .related-article__image img { width: 100%; border: 0; margin: 0 12px 0 0; } .related-article__text { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-flow: column nowrap; flex-flow: column nowrap; width: 100%; -ms-flex-pack: start; justify-content: flex-start; -ms-flex-line-pack: start; align-content: flex-start; position: relative; padding: 12px 6px 12px 0; line-height: 1.5; } .related-article__text a { width: 100%; padding-left: 12px; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; text-decoration: none; } .related-article__text a + a { margin-top: 1ex; } .related-article__text br { display: none; } .related-article__title { color: rgba(46, 46, 46, 0.85); letter-spacing: -0.01em; -ms-flex: 1 1; flex: 1 1; } .related-article__title:hover { color: #2e2e2e; } .related-article__collection { display: block; color: #4a4a4a; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 2.5px; line-height: 1.2; text-decoration: none; text-transform: uppercase; } .related-article__collection span { display: none; } .related-articles__list.square-images .related-article { margin: 0.75ex 0; } .related-articles__list.square-images .related-article:hover { background-color: #f9f9f9; } .related-articles__list.square-images.list-wide .related-article { margin: 1.25ex 1.75ex; } .related-articles__list.round-images a:hover { color: #000; } .related-articles__list.round-images .related-article { margin: 1.25ex 1.75ex; } .related-articles__list.round-images .related-article__title { padding-left: 10px; } .related-articles__list.round-images .related-article__image { width: calc(90px + 15px); max-width: calc(90px + 15px); margin: 0; } .related-articles__list.round-images .related-article__image img { border-radius: 50%; } .related-articles__list.round-images.list-wide .related-article { margin: 1.75ex 1.75ex; } .vertical-story-card-item { cursor: pointer; font-family: 'ReithSans'; height: 456px; margin: 20px 10px; position: relative; width: 297px; } @media only screen and (max-width: 1007px) { .vertical-story-card-item { width: 276px; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 600px) { .vertical-story-card-item { width: 276px; } } .vertical-story-card-item img { width: 100%; } .vertical-story-card-item__content-box { background-color: #fff; bottom: 0; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 5px #d8d8d8; box-shadow: 0 0 5px #d8d8d8; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; height: 111px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; position: absolute; right: 0; width: 275px; } @media only screen and (max-width: 1007px) { .vertical-story-card-item__content-box { width: 261px; } } .vertical-story-card-item__content-box h1 { color: #4a4a4a; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3px; margin: 0; padding: 0 10px; text-transform: uppercase; } .vertical-story-card-item__content-box h2 { color: #3d3d3d; font-size: 1.3125rem; font-weight: lighter; letter-spacing: -0.06px; line-height: 42px; margin: 0; padding: 0 10px; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .see-more-button { border-bottom: 1px solid #979797; text-align: center; } .see-more-button__inner { background-color: transparent; border: 0; color: #6c6c6c; cursor: pointer; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 2.92px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 13px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; -webkit-transition: linear 0.6s; transition: linear 0.6s; } .see-more-button__inner-arrow { color: #6c6c6c; font-size: 10px; position: absolute; right: 9px; top: 2px; -webkit-transition: linear 0.3s; transition: linear 0.3s; } .see-more-button__inner-text { margin-right: 24px; } .see-more-button__inner:hover { color: #4a4a4a; } .see-more-button__inner:hover .see-more-button__inner-arrow { color: #4a4a4a; -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg); transform: rotate(90deg); } .vertical-story-group { font-family: 'ReithSans'; position: relative; } .vertical-story-group img { -o-object-fit: cover; object-fit: cover; width: 100%; } .vertical-story-group__image-container { height: 370px; position: relative; width: 100%; } .vertical-story-group__image-container img { height: 100%; } .vertical-story-group__image-mask { background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, from(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0))); background: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)); bottom: 0; left: 0; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .vertical-story-group__heading-container { color: #fff; left: 50%; position: absolute; text-align: center; top: 80px; -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%); transform: translate(-50%, -50%); } @media only screen and (max-width: 599px) { .vertical-story-group__heading-container { top: 120px; } } .vertical-story-group__heading-container button { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); border: 0; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-size: 0.875rem; letter-spacing: 0.183rem; outline: none; padding: 15px 32px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; } .vertical-story-group__heading-container h1 { font-size: 0.9rem; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3.6px; margin-bottom: 20px; } .vertical-story-group__heading-container h2 { font-size: 2.1rem; font-weight: lighter; letter-spacing: -0.25px; line-height: 42px; } .vertical-story-group__heading-container-landscape { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; left: 0; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 65px; width: 70%; } @media only screen and (max-width: 599px) { .vertical-story-group__heading-container-landscape { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; } } .vertical-story-group__heading-container-landscape h1 { color: #fff; font-size: 2.25rem; font-weight: lighter; letter-spacing: 0.95px; margin: 0; } .vertical-story-group__heading-container-landscape button { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); border: 0; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-size: 0.875rem; height: 60px; letter-spacing: 0.183rem; outline: none; padding: 15px 32px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; width: 260px; } @media only screen and (max-width: 599px) { .vertical-story-group__heading-container-landscape button { margin-top: 50px; } } .vertical-story-group__container { display: -ms-grid; display: grid; grid-auto-rows: minmax(auto, auto); grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(290px, 310px)); height: 100%; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; justify-items: center; margin-top: -210px; width: 100%; } @media only screen and (max-width: 599px) { .vertical-story-group__container { margin-top: -120px; } } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .mapContainer .mapTitle { background: transparent; color: #fff; display: block; font-family: 'curiousSans-Bold', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 0.9rem; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3.6px; line-height: 1.1875em; margin-top: 2%; min-width: 25%; padding: 2%; padding-bottom: 0.375em; padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 16px; padding-top: 0.375em; position: relative; text-align: center; z-index: 100; } @media only screen and (max-width: 600px) { .mapContainer .mapTitle { font-size: 2.4em; } } .mapContainer .styled-line { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } .mapContainer button { background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9); border: 0; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 60px; outline: none; padding: 2px; width: 60px; } .mapContainer button .gelicon { color: #589e50; font-size: 2.5em; vertical-align: middle; } .mapContainer button:hover { background-color: #f2f2f2; } @media only screen and (max-width: 600px) { .mapContainer button { height: 50px; width: 50px; } .mapContainer button .gelicon { font-size: 2em; } } .mapContainer .navigationPanel { -ms-flex-align: end; align-items: flex-end; bottom: 0; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; left: 50%; max-width: 1200px; padding: 10px; position: absolute; -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, 0); transform: translate(-50%, 0); width: 100%; } .mapContainer .zoomControls { background-color: #fff; } .mapContainer .mapboxgl-popup-content { border-radius: 0; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 3px 0 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) !important; box-shadow: 0 3px 0 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) !important; cursor: default; font-family: 'curiousSans-Bold', Arial, sans-serif; max-width: 300px; padding: 0 !important; text-align: left; } .mapContainer .mapboxgl-popup-content img { width: 300px; } @media only screen and (max-width: 600px) { .mapContainer .mapboxgl-popup-content { max-width: 190px; } .mapContainer .mapboxgl-popup-content img { width: 190px; } } .mapContainer .mapboxgl-ctrl-logo { display: none !important; } .mapContainer .map-marker svg { -webkit-transition: all 0.1s ease-out; transition: all 0.1s ease-out; } @media only screen and (max-width: 600px) { .mapContainer .map-marker svg { height: 52px; -webkit-transform: scale(0.75); transform: scale(0.75); } } .mapContainer .map-marker-active svg { -webkit-transform: scale(1.3); transform: scale(1.3); } @media only screen and (max-width: 600px) { .mapContainer .map-marker-active svg { height: 52px; -webkit-transform: scale(1); transform: scale(1); } } .mapContainer__articleInfo { padding: 0 18px; } .mapContainer__articleInfo .article-vertical a { color: #4a4a4a; display: block; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3px; line-height: 16px; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 20px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: uppercase; } .mapContainer__articleInfo .article-title { font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.21px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0.725em 0; } .mapContainer__articleInfo .article-title a { color: rgba(46, 46, 46, 0.85); text-decoration: none; } @media only screen and (max-width: 600px) { .mapContainer__articleInfo .article-title { font-size: 1.7em; } } .mapContainer__articleInfo .article-author { color: #4a4a4a; display: block; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; letter-spacing: 0.1px; line-height: 35px; margin: 1.45em 0; text-decoration: none; } .location-header { font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 2.92px; line-height: 19px; text-transform: uppercase; } .temperature-switcher { background: transparent; border: 0; cursor: pointer; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; font-weight: 300; white-space: nowrap; } .temperature-switcher:active { color: currentColor; } .temperature-switcher__active { font-weight: bold; } .temperature-switcher span { margin: 0 0.2ex; } .day { --w-day-font-size: 14px; --w-day-temp-font-size: 20px; --w-day-temp-font-size-big: 32px; --w-day-temp-font-weight: 600; --w-day-name-font-weight: 500; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; color: #959595; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; font-size: var(--w-day-font-size); } .day--desktop { --w-day-temp-font-size: 24px; --w-day-temp-font-weight: normal; --w-day-name-font-weight: 600; } .day:first-of-type { color: #4b4b4b; } .day__name { font-weight: var(--w-day-name-font-weight); line-height: 1; margin-bottom: 0.75em; text-transform: uppercase; } .day__symbol-header { display: block; height: 80px; margin: 7px 0 5px; width: 98px; } .day__symbol { display: block; height: 40px; margin: 7px 0 5px; width: 50px; } .day--desktop .day__symbol { height: 60px; margin-top: 15px; width: 70px; } .day__temp { font-size: var(--w-day-temp-font-size); font-weight: var(--w-day-temp-font-weight); line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0.75em; text-transform: lowercase; } .day__temp--header { color: #4b4b4b; font-size: 32px; font-weight: bold; } .day--mobile:first-of-type { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-flow: row wrap; flex-flow: row wrap; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 3em; } .day--mobile:first-of-type .day__symbol { height: 60px; margin-right: 10px; overflow: visible; width: 80px; } .day--mobile:first-of-type .day__temp { font-size: var(--w-day-temp-font-size-big); font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0; } .day--mobile:first-of-type .day__location { font-size: 120%; font-weight: 500; margin: 1em 0; } .day--mobile:first-of-type .day__name { color: #959595; } .day--mobile:first-of-type .day__location, .day--mobile:first-of-type .day__name { text-align: center; width: 100%; } .weather { --w-height: 50px; --w-wrapper-margin: 24px; --w-days-flexbasis: 33%; margin-bottom: 2rem; } .weather--desktop { --w-height: 80px; --w-wrapper-margin: 50px; --w-days-flexbasis: initial; margin-bottom: 1rem; } .weather:not(.weather--desktop) .weather__days { -ms-flex-flow: row wrap; flex-flow: row wrap; } .weather:not(.weather--desktop) .day:first-of-type { -ms-flex-preferred-size: 100%; flex-basis: 100%; width: auto; } .weather__separator { border-right: 1px solid #dcdcdc; display: block; height: var(--w-height); } .weather__days { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-preferred-size: var(--w-days-flexbasis); flex-basis: var(--w-days-flexbasis); -ms-flex-pack: space-evenly; justify-content: space-evenly; margin-top: 2.5rem; } .weather__days--desktop { margin-top: 4rem; } .weather__header { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-flow: column; flex-flow: column; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: var(--w-wrapper-margin); } .weather__header button { margin-top: 1.5rem; } .weather__header--desktop { /* position the temperature switcher on desktop */ position: relative; } .weather__header--desktop button { margin: 0; position: absolute; right: 0; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .beta-btn { background-color: #e6711b; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; height: 25px; line-height: 12px; padding: 0 7px; width: 66px; } .beta-btn:hover .beta-btn__arrow { cursor: pointer; -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); transform: rotate(45deg); } .beta-btn:hover .beta-btn__arrow--expanded { -webkit-transform: rotate(-35deg); transform: rotate(-35deg); } .beta-btn__copy { color: #444; display: block; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 17px; margin: 16px auto; max-width: 50%; } .beta-btn__arrow { border: solid #fff; border-width: 0 2px 2px 0; display: inline-block; padding: 3px; position: relative; top: -1px; -webkit-transform: rotate(-45deg); transform: rotate(-45deg); -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .beta-btn__arrow--expanded { -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); transform: rotate(45deg); } .image-card { position: relative; } .image-card img { -o-object-fit: cover; object-fit: cover; width: 100%; } .image-card__heading-container { color: #fff; left: 50%; position: absolute; text-align: center; top: 80px; -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%); transform: translate(-50%, -50%); } .image-card__heading-container button { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); border: 0; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-size: 0.875rem; letter-spacing: 0.183rem; outline: none; padding: 15px 32px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; } .image-card__heading-container h1 { font-size: 0.9rem; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3.6px; margin-top: 0; } .image-card__heading-container h2 { font-size: 2.1rem; font-weight: lighter; letter-spacing: -0.25px; line-height: 42px; margin-top: 0; } .image-card__heading-container-landscape { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; left: 50%; position: absolute; text-align: center; top: 50%; -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%); transform: translate(-50%, -50%); width: 90%; } .image-card__heading-container-landscape__mobile { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; } .image-card__heading-container-landscape h1 { color: #fff; font-size: 2.25rem; font-weight: lighter; letter-spacing: 0.95px; margin-top: 0; } .image-card__heading-container-landscape button { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8); border: 0; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-size: 0.875rem; height: 60px; letter-spacing: 0.183rem; outline: none; padding: 15px 32px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; width: 260px; } .destination-header { width: 100%; } .destination-header__container { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; min-height: 380px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0 16px; position: relative; } .destination-header__image { height: 100%; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 100%; } .destination-header__image img { bottom: -100%; display: block; height: 100%; left: -100%; margin: auto; min-height: 100%; min-width: 100%; object-fit: cover; position: absolute; right: -100%; top: -100%; width: 100%; } .destination-header__text { color: #fff; font-size: 28px; letter-spacing: -0.95px; line-height: 37.4px; max-width: 488px; padding: 0 20px; position: relative; text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase; width: 100%; } .destination-header__text a { color: #fff; font-weight: 300; text-decoration: none; } .destination-header__text--desktop { font-size: 36px; } .destination-header__text-container { border-bottom: solid 1px #fff; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.3; padding-bottom: 17px; } .destination-header__text-container--desktop { padding-bottom: 0.75ex; } .destination-header__link-page, .destination-header__advert { color: #fff; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; margin-top: 20px; position: relative; text-align: center; } .destination-header__link-page span, .destination-header__advert span { display: block; width: 100%; } .destination-header__link-page--desktop, .destination-header__advert--desktop { margin-top: 40px; } .destination-header__link-page { left: 14px; margin: 0; position: absolute; text-transform: uppercase; top: 20px; } .destination-header__link-page--desktop { left: 25px; top: 36px; } .destination-header__background { background-image: radial-gradient(50% 49%, rgba(5, 36, 53, 0.37) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 83%); height: 100%; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; top: 0; width: 100%; } .destination-header a { color: #fff; text-decoration: none; } .filter { display: inline-block; max-width: 160px; position: relative; } .filter__button { background-color: #000; border: 0; color: #fff; font-size: 16px; padding: 16px; width: 160px; } .filter__content { background-color: #000; display: none; position: absolute; width: 160px; z-index: 1; } .filter:focus .filter__content, .filter:hover .filter__content { display: block; } .filter__content--open { display: block; } .filter__content button { background-color: #000; border: 0; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-style: italic; padding: 12px 16px; text-decoration: none; width: 100%; } .filter__content button:hover { background-color: #494848; } .callout-box-card { background-color: #eaeaea; color: #4a4a4a; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left; } .callout-box-card img { height: 100%; width: 100%; } .callout-box-card__container { padding: 0.2rem 1.5rem; } .callout-box-card__container h3 { font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 3px; line-height: 16px; margin: 1rem 0; text-transform: uppercase; } .callout-box-card__container h4 { font-size: 28px; font-weight: lighter; letter-spacing: -0.21px; line-height: 35px; } .callout-box-card__container .body { font-size: 16px; font-weight: lighter; letter-spacing: -0.12px; line-height: 31px; } .callout-box-card__container .body a { color: #4a4a4a; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .see-more-button { border-bottom: 1px solid #979797; text-align: center; } .see-more-button-inner { background-color: transparent; border: 0; color: #6c6c6c; cursor: pointer; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 2.92px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 13px; position: relative; text-transform: uppercase; } .see-more-button-inner--light { color: #b4b4b4; } .see-more-button-inner__arrow { color: #6c6c6c; font-size: 10px; position: absolute; right: 9px; top: 2px; } .see-more-button-inner__arrow--light { color: #b4b4b4; } .see-more-button-inner__text { margin-right: 24px; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .load-more-button { -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; } .load-more-button__refresh.gelicon--refresh { margin-right: 16px; -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg); transform: rotate(90deg); } .load-more-button__downarrow { color: #adadad; font-size: 22px; -webkit-transition: 0.6s; transition: 0.6s; } .load-more-button__loading .load-more-button__refresh.gelicon--refresh { -webkit-animation: spin 2s linear infinite; animation: spin 2s linear infinite; } .load-more-button__downarrow:first-of-type { padding-right: 16px; } .load-more-button__downarrow:not(:first-of-type) { padding-left: 16px; } @-webkit-keyframes spin { 0% { -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg); transform: rotate(90deg); } 100% { -webkit-transform: rotate(-270deg); transform: rotate(-270deg); } } @keyframes spin { 0% { -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg); transform: rotate(90deg); } 100% { -webkit-transform: rotate(-270deg); transform: rotate(-270deg); } } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .basic-button { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #adadad; border-radius: 4px; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 0 #fff, 0 2px 0 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 0 #fff, 0 2px 0 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); color: #193e6d; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 20px; height: 54px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; min-width: 222px; text-align: center; -webkit-transition: 0.6s; transition: 0.6s; } .basic-button--worklife { color: #0052a1; } .basic-button--future { color: #002856; } .basic-button--culture { color: #472479; } .basic-button--earth { color: #0fbb56; } .basic-button--travel { color: #589e50; } .basic-button__text { color: #444; font-family: 'BBC Reith Sans Cd'; font-size: 18px; line-height: 24px; -webkit-transition: 0.6s; transition: 0.6s; } .basic-button__text--white { color: #fff; } .basic-button__text--curious { font-family: 'CuriousSansBold'; } .basic-button__text--worklife { color: #0052a1; } .basic-button__text--future { color: #002856; } .basic-button__text--culture { color: #472479; } .basic-button__text--earth { color: #0fbb56; } .basic-button__text--travel { color: #589e50; } .basic-button::before { padding-right: 16px; } .basic-button:hover { background-color: #dedede; } .basic-button--background-light-blue:hover { background-color: #dfe8ff; } .basic-button--background-worklife { background-color: #0052a1; } .basic-button--background-future { background-color: #002856; } .basic-button--background-culture { background-color: #472479; } .basic-button--background-earth { background-color: #0fbb56; } .basic-button--background-travel { background-color: #589e50; } .basic-button--background-worklife:hover { background-color: #4494e4; } .basic-button--background-future:hover { background-color: #ffc857; } .basic-button--background-culture:hover { background-color: #472479; } .basic-button--background-earth:hover { background-color: #002856; } .basic-button--background-travel:hover { background-color: #002856; } .basic-button__text--bold { font-weight: bold; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .read-more-button { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column; font-weight: bold; position: relative; width: 224px; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .AdFrame { display: -ms-inline-flexbox; display: inline-flex; } .AdFrame--default { background-color: #f6f6f6; } .AdFrame--dark-grey { background-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.8); } .AdFrame--centre-aligned { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .text-with-styled-background { height: inherit; position: relative; width: 100%; } .text-with-styled-background--collection { display: inline-block; width: unset; } .text-with-styled-background--center-align { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .text-with-styled-background__text { font-family: 'CuriousSansBold'; color: #444; display: block; font-size: 20px; line-height: 24px; padding: 0 0 0 10px; position: relative; } .text-with-styled-background__text--large { font-size: 26px; line-height: 30px; padding: 0 0 0 24px; } .text-with-styled-background__text--medium { font-size: 22px; line-height: 28px; } .text-with-styled-background__text--remove-padding { padding: 0; width: 100%; } .text-with-styled-background__text--largest { font-size: 38px; line-height: 47px; } .text-with-styled-background__text--worklife { color: #0052a1; } .text-with-styled-background__text--future { color: #002856; } .text-with-styled-background__text--culture { color: #472479; } .text-with-styled-background__text--earth { color: #0fbb56; } .text-with-styled-background__text--travel { color: #589e50; } .text-with-styled-background__text--blue { color: #0052a1; } .text-with-styled-background__text--collection { font-size: 28px; line-height: 34px; padding: 0; } .text-with-styled-background__text--collection--medium { font-size: 32px; line-height: 38px; } .text-with-styled-background__text--collection--large { font-size: 38px; line-height: 47px; } .text-with-styled-background__line-container { bottom: 0; margin-left: 13px; position: absolute; width: calc(100% - 26px); } .text-with-styled-background__line { background-color: rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.05); height: 26px; max-width: 240px; position: relative; } .text-with-styled-background__line--large { bottom: -10px; height: 42px; max-width: 340px; } .text-with-styled-background__line--narrow { height: 26px; max-width: 100%; } .text-with-styled-background__line--medium { bottom: -10px; height: 36px; max-width: 340px; } .text-with-styled-background__line--largest { max-width: 100%; } .text-with-styled-background__line-container--collection { width: calc(100% + 26px); } .text-with-styled-background__line-container--no-margin { margin: 0; } .text-with-styled-background__line--collection { height: 26px; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .previous-media-button { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #000; border: 0; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 16px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; outline: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; } .previous-media-button__icon--white svg { fill: #fff; } .previous-media-button span { height: 18px; width: 16px; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .simple-header { color: #444; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; margin: 0; } .simple-header--large { font-size: 28px; line-height: 34px; } .simple-header--simple { font-size: 18px; line-height: 22px; } .simple-header--small { font-size: 18px; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 28px; } .simple-header--smallest { font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px; } .simple-header--medium { font-size: 24px; line-height: 28px; } .simple-header--regular { font-size: 22px; line-height: 28px; } .simple-header--condensed-bold { font-stretch: condensed; } .simple-header--condensed-bold.simple-header--large { line-height: 37px; } .simple-header--condensed-bold.simple-header--regular { line-height: 28px; } .simple-header--white { color: #fff; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .play-button__inline-audio, .play-button__inline-video { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #000; border: 0; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 16px; height: 49px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; outline: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 49px; } .play-button__inline-audio .gelicon--play, .play-button__inline-video .gelicon--play { color: #ececec; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; } .play-button__inline-audio--worklife .gelicon--play, .play-button__inline-video--worklife .gelicon--play { color: #8beed9; } .play-button__inline-audio--travel .gelicon--play, .play-button__inline-video--travel .gelicon--play { color: #002856; } .play-button__inline-audio--future .gelicon--play, .play-button__inline-video--future .gelicon--play { color: #ffc857; } .play-button__inline-audio--culture .gelicon--play, .play-button__inline-video--culture .gelicon--play { color: #472479; } .play-button__inline-audio--earth .gelicon--play, .play-button__inline-video--earth .gelicon--play { color: #002856; } .play-button__inline-video:hover { background-color: #ececec; } .play-button__inline-video:hover .gelicon--play { color: #000; } .play-button__inline-audio { color: #fff; font-size: 22px; height: 50px; padding: 0; width: 50px; } .play-button { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); border: 2px solid #5ae9cb; border-radius: 50%; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 22px; height: 80px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; outline: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 80px; } .play-button:hover { color: #5ae9cb; } .play-button--white { border: 4px solid #fff; } .play-button--white:hover { color: #fff; } .play-button--white .gelicon--play { color: inherit; } .play-button--worklife { border: 2px solid #8beed9; } .play-button--worklife:hover { color: #8beed9; } .play-button--travel { border: 2px solid #002856; } .play-button--travel:hover { color: #002856; } .play-button--future { border: 2px solid #ffc857; } .play-button--future:hover { color: #ffc857; } .play-button--culture { border: 2px solid #472479; } .play-button--culture:hover { color: #472479; } .play-button--earth { border: 2px solid #002856; } .play-button--earth:hover { color: #002856; } .play-button--desktop { font-size: 30px; height: 76px; width: 76px; } .play-button--background-hover:hover { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .error-button { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #000; border: 0; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 22px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; outline: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; } .error-button .gelicon--alert { color: #ececec; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .simple-p-tag { color: #444; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 24px; margin: 0; } .simple-p-tag--large { font-size: 28px; line-height: 34px; } .simple-p-tag--medium { font-size: 27px; letter-spacing: -1.69px; line-height: 32px; } .simple-p-tag--quote { color: #575757; } .simple-header--serif-light-italic { font-style: italic; line-height: inherit; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .text-summary__text { font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0; text-align: left; } .text-summary__text--blue { color: #193e6d; } .text-summary__text--black { color: #000; } .text-summary__text--grey { color: #6a6a6a; } .text-summary__text--dark-grey { color: #444; } .text-summary__text--left { text-align: left; } .text-summary__text--right { text-align: right; } .screen-reader-only { border: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); -webkit-clip-path: inset(50%); clip-path: inset(50%); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute !important; width: 1px; word-wrap: normal !important; } .inline-html { display: block; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .drop-capped { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; border: 2px solid #444; color: #444; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; float: left; font-size: 58px; font-weight: bold; height: 84px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; margin: 8px 10px 4px 0; text-transform: uppercase; width: 84px; } .drop-capped--worklife { border-color: #8beed9; } .drop-capped--future { border-color: #ffc857; } .drop-capped--culture { border-color: #444; } .drop-capped--earth { border-color: #002856; } .drop-capped--travel { border-color: #002856; } .drop-capped--desktop { margin-right: 24px; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .close-nav { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: unset; border: unset; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; position: relative; -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .close-nav__icon { color: #fff; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 20px; -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .close-nav:hover .close-nav__icon { color: #cecece; -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg); transform: rotate(90deg); } .close-nav__label { display: inline-block; margin-right: 12px; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .nav-label { color: #4e4e4e; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; margin: auto; max-width: 1280px; -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .nav-label:hover { color: #8e8e8e; } .nav-label--menu { color: #ebebeb; } .nav-label--menu:hover { color: #cecece; } .nav-label--white { color: #fff; } .nav-label--curiousSans { font-family: 'CuriousSansBold'; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .nav-links__link { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: 100%; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; padding-right: 24px; position: relative; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; } .nav-links__link--active p { border-bottom: 2px solid #002856; font-weight: bold; } .nav-links__link--active--menu p { border-bottom: unset; } .nav-links__link--active--worklife p { border-bottom: 2px solid #0052a1; } .nav-links__link--active--culture p { border-bottom: 2px solid #472479; } .nav-links__link--active--earth p { border-bottom: 2px solid #0fbb56; } .nav-links__link--active--travel p { border-bottom: 2px solid #589e50; } .nav-links__icon { background-color: #0052a1; bottom: 10px; height: 2px; position: absolute; width: 80px; } .nav-links__link--menu { display: block; padding-right: unset; } .nav-links__icon--menu { display: none; } .nav-links__icon--menu-tablet { width: 60px; } .nav-links__icon--worklife { background-color: #0052a1; } .nav-links__icon--future { background-color: #002856; } .nav-links__icon--culture { background-color: #472479; } .nav-links__icon--earth { background-color: #0fbb56; } .nav-links__icon--travel { background-color: #589e50; } .nav-links__link--menu p { font-size: 26px; padding: 0 0 32px 24px; } .nav-links__link--menu-desktop p { font-size: 32px; line-height: 42px; padding: 0 0 44px 100px; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .burger-nav { background: transparent; border: 0; color: #0052a1; cursor: pointer; font-size: 20px; outline: none; padding: 0; } .burger-nav--worklife { color: #0052a1; } .burger-nav--future { color: #002856; } .burger-nav--culture { color: #472479; } .burger-nav--earth { color: #0fbb56; } .burger-nav--travel { color: #589e50; } .burger-nav--medium { font-size: 16px; } .burger-nav--small { font-size: 12px; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .nav-menu { background-color: #0052a1; display: block; height: 100%; left: 0; min-height: 100vh; opacity: 0.98; overflow: auto; position: fixed; top: 0; width: 100vw; } .nav-menu--worklife { background-color: #0052a1; } .nav-menu--future { background-color: #002856; } .nav-menu--culture { background-color: #472479; } .nav-menu--earth { background-color: #0fbb56; } .nav-menu--travel { background-color: #589e50; } .nav-menu__close-nav { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; margin: auto; max-width: 1280px; padding: 16px 8px 60px; } .nav-menu__close-nav--desktop { padding: 20px 16px 70px; } .nav-menu__sponsored { background-color: rgba(34, 34, 34, 0.5); height: 100%; margin-bottom: 32px; } .nav-menu__sponsored--desktop { margin-bottom: 44px; } .nav-menu__sponsored-container { padding: 20px 16px 16px 24px; } .nav-menu__sponsored--desktop-container { margin: auto; max-width: 1264px; padding: 20px 16px 20px 100px; } .nav-menu__follow-us { padding: 52px 0 34px; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .ad-slot { display: inline-block; } .ad-slot__container { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .ad-slot__label { max-width: 120px; min-width: 112px; padding-right: 8px; text-align: right; } .ad-slot--leaderboard { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; } .ad-slot__label--mpu, .ad-slot__label--leaderboard { margin-bottom: 8px; max-width: unset; padding-right: unset; text-align: right; } .ad-slot__container--mpu, .ad-slot__container--leaderboard { display: inline-block; -ms-flex-wrap: unset; flex-wrap: unset; } .ad-slot__fake--sponsor { background-color: #5ae9cb; height: 31px; min-width: 88px; } .ad-slot__fake--mpu { background-color: #5ae9cb; height: 250px; min-width: 300px; } .ad-slot__fake--mpu-large { background-color: #5ae9cb; height: 600px; min-width: 300px; } .ad-slot__fake--leaderboard-large { background-color: #5ae9cb; height: 90px; min-width: 728px; } .ad-slot__fake--leaderboard-medium { background-color: #5ae9cb; height: 50px; min-width: 320px; } .ad-slot__fake--leaderboard-small { background-color: #5ae9cb; height: 50px; min-width: 300px; } .ad-slot__label--dark { color: #dcdcdc; } .ad-slot--dark { background-color: #f6f6f6; padding: 8px; } .ad-slot--black { background-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.8); padding: 8px; } .open-nav { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: unset; border: unset; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-pack: end; justify-content: flex-end; padding: 0; position: relative; -webkit-transition: 0.4s; transition: 0.4s; } .open-nav__icon { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .open-nav__label { display: inline-block; margin-right: 12px; } .play-icon { background: transparent; border: 0; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; outline: none; padding: 0; } .play-icon--red { color: #f00; } .play-icon--grey { color: #999; } .play-icon--medium { font-size: 16px; } .play-icon--large { font-size: 20px; } .camera-icon { background: transparent; border: 0; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; outline: none; padding: 0; } .camera-icon--red { color: #f00; } .camera-icon--grey { color: #999; } .camera-icon--medium { font-size: 16px; } .camera-icon--large { font-size: 20px; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .nav-build-bar { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: auto; margin: auto; max-width: 1280px; width: 100%; } .nav-build-bar--mobile { height: auto; -ms-flex-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; } .nav-build-bar--mobile .nav-build-bar__title-content { white-space: pre-wrap; } .nav-build-bar--tablet { height: 58px; } .nav-build-bar--desktop { height: 60px; } .nav-build-bar__links { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -ms-flex-wrap: wrap; flex-wrap: wrap; height: 100%; -ms-flex-pack: end; justify-content: flex-end; margin-left: auto; overflow: hidden; } .nav-build-bar__sponsored-brand { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; margin-left: 8px; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; } .nav-build-bar__sponsored-brand--no-brand { margin-left: 0; } .nav-build-bar__branding { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; padding: 0 8px 0 0; } .nav-build-bar__branding--tablet { padding: 0 30px 0 0; } .nav-build-bar__branding--desktop { padding: 0 80px 0 0; } .nav-build-bar__title-content { border: 1.78px solid; color: #444; font-size: 22px; font-weight: bold; margin: unset; padding: 8px; width: -webkit-fit-content; width: -moz-fit-content; width: fit-content; } .nav-build-bar__title-content--tablet { font-size: 24px; white-space: nowrap; } .nav-build-bar__title-content--desktop { font-size: 28px; } .nav-build-bar__open-nav { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: 48px; } .nav-build-bar__open-nav-button { display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; padding-left: 8px; } .nav-build-bar__sponsored { background-color: #f6f6f6; border: 1px solid #d3d3d3; height: 48px; padding: 0 16px; } .nav-build-bar__open-nav--desktop { padding-right: 16px; } .nav-build-bar__open-nav--mobile { -ms-flex-pack: end; justify-content: flex-end; max-width: 100px; width: 100%; } .info-icon { background: transparent; border: 0; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; outline: none; padding: 0; } .info-icon--red { color: #f00; } .info-icon--grey { color: #999; } .info-icon--medium { font-size: 16px; } .info-icon--large { font-size: 20px; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .styled-dot { background-color: #5ae9cb; border-radius: 50%; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px 0 rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.5); box-shadow: 0 1px 2px 0 rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.5); cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; height: 6px; width: 6px; } .styled-dot--no-cursor { cursor: unset; } .styled-dot--medium { -webkit-box-shadow: unset; box-shadow: unset; height: 10px; width: 10px; } .styled-dot--dark-blue { background-color: #193e6d; } .styled-dot--purple { background-color: #362e67; -webkit-box-shadow: unset; box-shadow: unset; } .styled-dot--black { background-color: #000; -webkit-box-shadow: unset; box-shadow: unset; } .styled-dot--grey-green { background-color: #008e9b; -webkit-box-shadow: unset; box-shadow: unset; } .styled-dot--dark-green { background-color: #589e50; -webkit-box-shadow: unset; box-shadow: unset; } .styled-dot--worklife { background-color: #8beed9; } .styled-dot--future { background-color: #ffc857; } .styled-dot--culture { background-color: #472479; } .styled-dot--earth { background-color: #002856; } .styled-dot--travel { background-color: #002856; } .styled-dot--worklife-prime { background-color: #0052a1; } .styled-dot--future-prime { background-color: #002856; } .styled-dot--culture-prime { background-color: #472479; } .styled-dot--earth-prime { background-color: #0fbb56; } .styled-dot--travel-prime { background-color: #589e50; } .styled-dot--large { -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 1px 0 rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.5); box-shadow: 0 1px 1px 0 rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.5); height: 16px; width: 16px; } .styled-dot--small { -webkit-box-shadow: unset; box-shadow: unset; height: 8px; width: 8px; } .styled-dot--grey { background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .email-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #193e6d; border-radius: 50%; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 11px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .email-icon:hover { background-color: #000; } .email-icon--red:hover { background-color: #f00; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .facebook-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #193e6d; border-radius: 50%; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 15px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; text-decoration: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .facebook-icon:hover { background-color: #3b5998; } .facebook-icon--blue { background-color: transparent; border: 1px solid #3b5998; color: #3b5998; } .facebook-icon--blue:hover { background-color: #3b5998; color: #fff; } .facebook-icon--white { background-color: transparent; border: 1px solid #fff; color: #fff; } .facebook-icon--white:hover { background-color: #fff; color: #3b5998; } .facebook-icon--small { font-size: 20px; height: 38px; width: 38px; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .hero-header { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; } .hero-header__header { font-family: 'CuriousSansBold'; color: #fff; font-size: 38px; line-height: 40px; margin: 0; text-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(25, 62, 109, 0.7); } .hero-header__header--large { font-size: 44px; line-height: 48px; } .hero-header__header--medium { font-size: 38px; line-height: 47px; } .hero-header__header--small { font-size: 28px; line-height: 34px; } .hero-header__header--black { color: #000; text-shadow: unset; } .hero-header__header--grey { color: #adadad; text-shadow: unset; } .ticked-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #13de99; border-radius: 50%; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .ticked-icon--small { font-size: 12px; height: 38px; width: 38px; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .google-plus-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #193e6d; border-radius: 50%; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 26px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; text-decoration: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .google-plus-icon:hover { background-color: #d34836; } .google-plus-icon--red:hover { background-color: #f00; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .reddit-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #193e6d; border-radius: 50%; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 26px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; text-decoration: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .reddit-icon:hover { background-color: #ff4500; } .reddit-icon__hide { display: none; } .reddit-icon--red:hover { background-color: #f00; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .linkedin-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #193e6d; border-radius: 50%; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 13px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; text-decoration: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .linkedin-icon:hover { background-color: #0077b5; } .linkedin-icon--red:hover { background-color: #f00; } .share-button { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #fff; border: 1px solid #e4e4e4; color: #444; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; letter-spacing: 3px; padding: 18px 16px; text-transform: uppercase; -webkit-transition: 0.6s; transition: 0.6s; width: 110px; z-index: 55; } .share-button .gelicon--share { margin-right: 10px; -webkit-transition: 0.3s ease-in; transition: 0.3s ease-in; } .share-button:hover .gelicon--share, .share-button .gelicon--share-sharing { -webkit-transform: rotate(-180deg); transform: rotate(-180deg); } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .whatsapp-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #193e6d; border-radius: 50%; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 13px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; text-decoration: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .whatsapp-icon:hover { background-color: #25d366; } .whatsapp-icon--red:hover { background-color: #f00; } /* stylelint-disable property-no-unknown */ .twitter-icon { -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; background-color: #193e6d; border-radius: 50%; color: #fff; cursor: pointer; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; font-size: 13px; height: 50px; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; text-decoration: none; -webkit-transition-duration: 0.6s; transition-duration: 0.6s; width: 50px; z-index: 55; } .twitter-icon:hover { background-color: #1da1f2; } 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class="vertical-index__latest-articles vertical-index__latest-articles--mobile"><div class="latest-articles__container latest-articles__rectangle latest-articles__container--tablet"><p class="latest-articles__editor b-reith-sans-font latest-articles__editor--tablet">Editor's Picks</p><div class="latest-articles__articles latest-articles__articles--tablet latest-articles__articles--tablet-rectangle latest-articles__articles--mobile-rectangle"><div class="rectangle-story-group"><div class="rectangle-story-group__articles-container"><div><div data-bbc-container="latest-stories" data-bbc-title="The most beautiful animation ever made?" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"latest-stories","CHD":"card::1"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220112-the-man-changing-how-we-see-the-internet" data-bbc-client-routed="true" class="rectangle-story-group__article-hero rectangle-story-group__article-hero--tablet"><div class="article-title-card-rectangle b-reith-sans-font"><div 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style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/960x540/p082b33v.png)"><picture><source media="(min-width:1200px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p0bgkjk6.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:1200px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p0bgkjk6.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:880px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p0bgkjk6.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:880px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p0bgkjk6.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:576px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0bgkjk6.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:576px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0bgkjk6.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:224px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0bgkjk6.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:224px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0bgkjk6.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><img draggable="false" title="Clog street style" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0bgkjk6.jpg" alt="Clog street style" id=""/></picture><span class="rectangle-image__overlay rectangle-image__overlay--culture"></span></div></div></a><a class="rectangle-story-item__label b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item__label--tablet rectangle-story-item__label--culture" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220115044644/https://www.bbc.com/culture/style"><span>Style</span></a><div 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type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:880px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p0bgd3nk.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:576px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0bgd3nk.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:576px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0bgd3nk.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:224px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0bgd3nk.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:224px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0bgd3nk.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><img draggable="false" title="In Justin Kurzel's 2015 film, with Marion Cotillard and Michael Fassbender, it is made clear that the Macbeths are anguished by the death of their 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data-bbc-container="latest-stories" data-bbc-title="22 films to watch in 2022" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"latest-stories","CHD":"card::1"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220106-22-films-to-watch-in-2022" data-bbc-client-routed="true" class="rectangle-story-group__article-hero rectangle-story-group__article-hero--tablet"><div class="article-title-card-rectangle b-reith-sans-font"><div class="article-title-card-rectangle__container"><div class="article-title-card-rectangle__image"><a class="article-title-card-rectangle__link" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220115044644/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220106-22-films-to-watch-in-2022"><picture><source media="(min-width:1200px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p0bfqlpz.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:1200px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p0bfqlpz.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:880px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p0bfqlpz.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:880px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p0bfqlpz.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:576px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0bfqlpz.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:576px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0bfqlpz.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:224px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0bfqlpz.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:224px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0bfqlpz.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><img draggable="false" title="Still from The Northman" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0bfqlpz.jpg" alt="Still from The Northman" id=""/></picture><span class="article-title-card-rectangle__overlay article-title-card-rectangle__overlay--culture"></span></a></div><div class="article-title-card-rectangle__text-box"><a class="article-title-card-rectangle__link article-title-card-rectangle__text-container" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220115044644/https://www.bbc.com/culture/columns/film"><span class="article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__label article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__label--culture">Film</span></a><a class="article-title-card-rectangle__link article-title-card-rectangle__text-container" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220115044644/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220106-22-films-to-watch-in-2022"><h2 class="article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__header b-font-weight-300 b-reith-sans-font b-font-weight-300">22 films to watch in 2022</h2></a><span class="rectangle-story-item__line"><div class="styled-line styled-line--light-grey styled-line--height--small"></div></span><p class="article-title-card-rectangle__text-box__author b-font-family-serif b-reith-sans-font">By Nicholas Barber and Caryn James</p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="rectangle-story-group__articles rectangle-story-group__articles--full-screen"><div class="rectangle-story-group__article rectangle-story-group__article--tablet rectangle-story-group__article--full-screen"><div data-bbc-container="latest-stories" data-bbc-title="The underrated genius of Bowie's acting" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"latest-stories","CHD":"card::2"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220105-the-underrated-genius-of-david-bowies-acting" data-bbc-client-routed="true" class="rectangle-story-item b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item--tablet"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220115044644/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220105-the-underrated-genius-of-david-bowies-acting"><div class="rectangle-story-item__image-container rectangle-story-item__image-container--culture"><div class="rectangle-image rectangle-image--medium" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/960x540/p082b33v.png)"><picture><source media="(min-width:1200px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p0bfdrgd.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:1200px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p0bfdrgd.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:880px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p0bfdrgd.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:880px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p0bfdrgd.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:576px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0bfdrgd.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:576px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0bfdrgd.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:224px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0bfdrgd.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:224px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0bfdrgd.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><img draggable="false" title="The Man who Fell to Earth" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0bfdrgd.jpg" alt="The Man who Fell to Earth" id=""/></picture><span class="rectangle-image__overlay rectangle-image__overlay--culture"></span></div></div></a><a class="rectangle-story-item__label b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item__label--tablet rectangle-story-item__label--culture" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220115044644/https://www.bbc.com/culture/columns/film"><span>Film</span></a><div class="rectangle-story-item__container"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220115044644/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220105-the-underrated-genius-of-david-bowies-acting"><span>The underrated genius of Bowie's acting</span></a></div><div><span class="rectangle-story-item__line"><div class="styled-line styled-line--culture styled-line--height--small"></div></span><span class="rectangle-story-item__author b-font-family-serif">By Rachel Pronger</span></div></div></div><div class="rectangle-story-group__article rectangle-story-group__article--tablet rectangle-story-group__article--full-screen"><div data-bbc-container="latest-stories" data-bbc-title="Nine TV shows to watch this January" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"latest-stories","CHD":"card::3"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220104-nine-tv-shows-to-watch-this-january" data-bbc-client-routed="true" class="rectangle-story-item b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item--tablet"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220115044644/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220104-nine-tv-shows-to-watch-this-january"><div class="rectangle-story-item__image-container rectangle-story-item__image-container--culture"><div class="rectangle-image rectangle-image--medium" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/960x540/p082b33v.png)"><picture><source media="(min-width:1200px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p0bf8gvm.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:1200px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p0bf8gvm.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:880px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p0bf8gvm.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:880px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p0bf8gvm.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:576px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0bf8gvm.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:576px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0bf8gvm.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:224px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0bf8gvm.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:224px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0bf8gvm.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><img draggable="false" title="Still from The Afterparty" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0bf8gvm.jpg" alt="Still from The Afterparty" id=""/></picture><span class="rectangle-image__overlay rectangle-image__overlay--culture"></span></div></div></a><a class="rectangle-story-item__label b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item__label--tablet rectangle-story-item__label--culture" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220115044644/https://www.bbc.com/culture/tags/television"><span>Television</span></a><div class="rectangle-story-item__container"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220115044644/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20220104-nine-tv-shows-to-watch-this-january"><span>Nine TV shows to watch this January</span></a></div><div><span class="rectangle-story-item__line"><div class="styled-line styled-line--culture styled-line--height--small"></div></span><span class="rectangle-story-item__author b-font-family-serif">By Amy Charles</span></div></div></div><div class="rectangle-story-group__article rectangle-story-group__article--tablet rectangle-story-group__article--full-screen"><div data-bbc-container="latest-stories" data-bbc-title="Stories that reflect our oldest fear" data-bbc-metadata="{"APP":"latest-stories","CHD":"card::4"}" data-bbc-result="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20211215-dont-look-up-the-fiction-that-reflects-our-greatest-fear" data-bbc-client-routed="true" class="rectangle-story-item b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item--tablet"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220115044644/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20211215-dont-look-up-the-fiction-that-reflects-our-greatest-fear"><div class="rectangle-story-item__image-container rectangle-story-item__image-container--culture"><div class="rectangle-image rectangle-image--medium" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/960x540/p082b33v.png)"><picture><source media="(min-width:1200px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p0bbdp3q.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:1200px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1600x900/p0bbdp3q.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:880px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p0bbdp3q.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:880px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/1280x720/p0bbdp3q.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:576px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0bbdp3q.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:576px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0bbdp3q.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><source media="(min-width:224px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0bbdp3q.webp" type="image/webp"/><source media="(min-width:224px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/624x351/p0bbdp3q.jpg" type="image/jpeg"/><img draggable="false" title="Comets (Credit: Alamy)" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/976x549/p0bbdp3q.jpg" alt="Comets (Credit: Alamy)" id=""/></picture><span class="rectangle-image__overlay rectangle-image__overlay--culture"></span></div></div></a><a class="rectangle-story-item__label b-reith-sans-font rectangle-story-item__label--tablet rectangle-story-item__label--culture" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220115044644/https://www.bbc.com/culture/columns/film"><span>Film</span></a><div class="rectangle-story-item__container"><a class="rectangle-story-item__title" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20220115044644/https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20211215-dont-look-up-the-fiction-that-reflects-our-greatest-fear"><span>Stories that reflect our oldest fear</span></a></div><div><span class="rectangle-story-item__line"><div class="styled-line styled-line--culture styled-line--height--small"></div></span><span class="rectangle-story-item__author b-font-family-serif">By Dorian Lynskey</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vertical-index__collection-swimlane"></div><div class="around-the-bbc-swimlane"><div class="swimlane"><div class="swimlane-inner swimlane-inner--small"><div class="swimlane__content"><span class="swimlane__title b-reith-sans-font">Around the BBC</span><div class="swimlane__items"></div></div></div><div class="swimlane__background-image swimlane__background-image--atb" style="background-image:linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0,0,0,0.50) 0%, rgba(0,0,0,0.50) 100%), url(https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044644im_/https://ychef.files.bbci.co.uk/960x540/p08bmlwb.jpg);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover"></div></div></div></div></main></div></div> <script>window.__PWA_PRELOADED_STATE__ = 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David Robson explores radical optimism, and why it matters.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAlexandra Rowland didn't mean to spark a new artistic genre. In 2017, however, the fantasy author had a moment of inspiration. She had been contemplating the rise of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theazrianportal.com\u002Fblog\u002Fwhat-is-grimdark\"\u003Egrimdark\u003C\u002Fa\u003E – the subgenre of fantasy fiction typified by George RR Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire (the inspiration for the TV series Game of Thrones) – which emphasises the flaws in human nature, and focuses on our capacity for cruelty.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut what could describe literature that instead focuses on our capacity for good? \"The opposite of grimdark is hopepunk. Pass it on,\" she wrote in a\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fariaste.tumblr.com\u002Fpost\u002F163496766954\u002Fthe-opposite-of-grimdark-is-hopepunk-pass-it-on\"\u003E short post on Tumblr\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. The post soon went viral – and by 2019 \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.collinsdictionary.com\u002Fdictionary\u002Fenglish\u002Fhopepunk\"\u003Ethe term had entered the Collins English Dictionary\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, defined as \"a literary and artistic movement that celebrates the pursuit of positive aims in the face of adversity\".\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMore like this:\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20210730-the-ancient-origins-of-the-new-nomads\"\u003EThe ancient origins of the new nomads\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20210528-how-loneliness-can-help-creativity\"\u003EHow to make the most of loneliness\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200930-why-embracing-change-is-the-key-to-a-good-life\"\u003EWhy change is the key to a good life\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EVarious works of fiction – including the Lord of the Rings and Terry Pratchett's Discworld series – have now been labelled as examples of hopepunk, along with a slew of contemporary writers.  \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\"Cautionary tales are very important,\" says Becky Chambers, one of the leading authors associated with the hopepunk movement, who has won a much-coveted Hugo Award for her sci-fi Wayfarer series. \"But if that is all that you have, you risk nihilism.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220113-the-sci-fi-genre-offering-radical-hope-for-living-better-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"If you feel wary of optimism, you are far from alone – writers and philosophers across human history have had ambivalent views of hope","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220113-the-sci-fi-genre-offering-radical-hope-for-living-better-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn the midst of current political, economic and environment uncertainty, many of us may have noticed a tendency to fall into cynicism and pessimism. Could hopepunk be the perfect antidote?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIf you feel wary of optimism, you are far from alone. Writers and philosophers across human history \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fplato.stanford.edu\u002Fentries\u002Fhope\u002F\"\u003Ehave had ambivalent views of hope\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. These contradictory opinions can be seen in the often opposing interpretations of the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fblog.oup.com\u002F2021\u002F09\u002Fcan-interpretations-of-the-pandora-myth-tell-us-something-about-ourselves\u002F\"\u003EPandora myth\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, first recorded by Hesiod around 700 BC. In his poem Works and Days, Hesiod describes how Zeus created Pandora as a punishment to humanity, following Prometheus's theft of fire. She comes to humanity bearing a jar containing \"countless plagues\" – and, opening the lid, releases its evils to the world. \"Only Hope remained there in an unbreakable home within the rim of the great jar,\" Hesiod tells us.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220113-the-sci-fi-genre-offering-radical-hope-for-living-better-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bh0962"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Pandora's Box","imageOrientation":"portrait","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220113-the-sci-fi-genre-offering-radical-hope-for-living-better-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThis is often interpreted as a metaphor for the emotion's potential to comfort us against the misery and duress that are inherent in the human condition. It sees hope as the sustaining force that Emily Dickinson would describe, thousands of years later, as the \"\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.poetryfoundation.org\u002Fpoems\u002F42889\u002Fhope-is-the-thing-with-feathers-314\"\u003Ething with feathers – \u002Fthat perches in the soul –\".\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt is possible to take \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fplato.stanford.edu\u002Fentries\u002Fhope\u002F\"\u003Ea more pessimistic reading\u003C\u002Fa\u003E of the Pandora myth, however. Doesn't hope's presence in the jar, for example, suggest that it is some form of evil in itself? Perhaps Hesiod was hinting at the possibility that the supposedly soothing emotion can itself do harm.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe 19th-Century philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche was of this opinion. In Human, All Too Human (1878), he suggests that Pandora kept hope aside so that humanity would persist in living, despite the suffering that life inevitably entails. \"Now man has the lucky jar in his house forever and thinks the world of the treasure. It is at his service; he reaches for it when he fancies it,\" he wrote. \"Zeus did not want man to throw his life away, no matter how much the other evils might torment him, but rather to go on letting himself be tormented anew. To that end, he gives man hope. In truth, it is the most evil of evils because it prolongs man's torment.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENietzsche's interpretation of the Pandora myth recalls Arthur Schopenhauer's descriptions of hope as \"a folly of the heart\". For him, hope is a delusion. In his essay Psychological Remarks (1851), he notes that the emotion \"deranges the intellect's appreciation of probability\" so that we neglect the likely outcomes of events, even when the odds are stacked against us. \"A hopeless misfortune is like a quick death blow, whilst a hope that is always frustrated and constantly revived resembles a kind of slow death by prolonged torture.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe hopepunk rebellion\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhen explaining the origins of the term hopepunk, Rowland fully recognises the need to acknowledge human frailty and suffering – as seen in series like Game of Thrones. But she felt that it should be balanced with a recognition of our capacity to do good, and the possibility of positive change.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\"Hopepunk says that kindness and softness doesn't equal weakness, and that in this world of brutal cynicism and nihilism, being kind is a political act. An act of rebellion,\" Rowland wrote in a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fariaste.tumblr.com\u002Fpost\u002F163500138919\u002Fariaste-the-opposite-of-grimdark-is-hopepunk\"\u003Efollow-up to her original viral post\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. \"It's about DEMANDING a better, kinder world.\" If hope sings a \"tune without words\" – as Dickinson described – then Rowland hears that song as a battle cry. This is the \"punk\" side of the moniker.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe essence of the hopepunk philosophy can be found \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fyoutu.be\u002Fk6C8SX0mWP0\"\u003Ein an exchange between Frodo and Samwise Gamgee\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in The Two Towers from Peter Jackson's Lord of the Rings films, as they struggle against the forces of evil around them.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\"It's like in the great stories, Mr Frodo,\" Sam says. \"Full of darkness and danger they were. And sometimes you didn't want to know the end. Because how could the end be happy? How could the world go back to the way it was when so much bad had happened? But in the end, it's only a passing thing, this shadow. Even darkness must pass. A new day will come. And when the Sun shines it will shine out the clearer.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\"What are we holding on to, Sam?\" Frodo then asks.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\"That there's some good in this world, Mr Frodo... and it's worth fighting for,\" his friend replies.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOther \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tor.com\u002F2020\u002F03\u002F02\u002Fhopepunk-and-the-new-science-of-stress\u002F\"\u003Enovels linked to the genre\u003C\u002Fa\u003E include Terry Pratchett and Neil Gaiman's Good Omens, which tells the story of an angel and a demon joining forces to save the world from an apocalypse; and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.vox.com\u002F2018\u002F12\u002F27\u002F18137571\u002Fwhat-is-hopepunk-noblebright-grimdark\"\u003EThe Martian by Andy Weir\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, about an abandoned space explorer who uses his knowledge of botany to survive on the desolate surface of the fourth rock from the Sun.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220113-the-sci-fi-genre-offering-radical-hope-for-living-better-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bh09gs"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"The Handmaid's Tale book","imageOrientation":"portrait","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220113-the-sci-fi-genre-offering-radical-hope-for-living-better-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EPerhaps surprisingly, Rowland considers Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale to contain elements of hopepunk. The novel is usually regarded as a bitterly dystopian novel, but she points to the protagonist Offred's stubborn survival to keep fighting against oppression as an example of hope fuelling a fight for the greater good. (Atwood may not have used the term hopepunk herself, but she \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wired.com\u002F2009\u002F10\u002Fmargaret-atwood-speculative-fictions-apocalyptic-optimist\u002F?utm_source=WIR_REG_GATE\"\u003Ehas spoken\u003C\u002Fa\u003E of her \"\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.stylist.co.uk\u002Fbooks\u002Fmargaret-atwood-interview-yomi-adegoke\u002F453815\"\u003Equalified optimism\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\" about our capacity to face environmental and political threats – which seems to chime with its general philosophy.)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMore recent \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.denofgeek.com\u002Fculture\u002Fare-you-afraid-of-the-darkness-a-hopepunk-explainer\u002F\"\u003Etitles associated with the movement\u003C\u002Fa\u003E include Annalee Newitz's The Future of Another Timeline and The Goblin Emperor by Katherine Addison. Unsurprisingly, Rowland's own output reflects the hopepunk philosophy. Her novel \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.goodreads.com\u002Fen\u002Fbook\u002Fshow\u002F43212544-a-choir-of-lies\"\u003EA Choir of Lies examines\u003C\u002Fa\u003E a nation on the brink of economic ruin. While the characters are flawed, and their mistakes are sometimes disastrous, they struggle to make amends for their actions – defying a fatalistic view of human fallibility.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe future is bright\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor Becky Chambers, the aim is to create well rounded stories that represent the breadth of experience. \"Everything cannot end well for everybody – because that that doesn't happen in real life,\" Chambers tells me. \"But even when things go wrong, I take the time to show how these people heal.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA beautiful example of this can be found in Chambers's To Be Taught, If Fortunate, which details a crewed mission to exoplanets. Fifteen light-years away from Earth, they have to wrestle with feelings of loneliness and isolation from the rest of humanity, and the dangers of the hostile environments in which they find themselves. Yet they also find solace in each other and in their curiosity for the worlds they are exploring.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220113-the-sci-fi-genre-offering-radical-hope-for-living-better-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"I want the future to feel like something you could get excited about – and a place that we could consciously make if we chose to – Becky Chambers","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220113-the-sci-fi-genre-offering-radical-hope-for-living-better-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn one particularly memorable scene, the astronauts are stranded on the planet Opera, where their spacecraft soon becomes surrounded by a plague of scaly aliens that resemble a kind of slug-like rat. The planet's harsh weather system makes it impossible to move their craft – and the crew have to endure endless days and nights locked inside listening to the animals' \"bone-chilling\" cries from outside their craft.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe team never quite give in to despair, however, and the storm eventually eases enough for them to escape the planet – much to the surprise of the captain Elena. \"She'd spent so much time focused on what could go wrong, she'd forgotten the possibility that something could go right,\" Chambers writes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs someone who has suffered from depression, I couldn't help but feel it was a lesson in psychological resilience, and a reminder that our own internal storms will pass with time.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EChambers's Wayfarers series presents a grander vision of a fictional universe, with many different alien species forming the Galactic Commons. The societies that Chambers depicts are far from perfect – there are inevitable struggles and injustices – but the series nevertheless presents an optimistic vision of the space age, built on cooperation and empathy between beings of many different backgrounds. \"I want the future to feel like something you could get excited about – and a place that we could consciously make if we chose to.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs we find ways to navigate our current crises – be they personal or political – we might all try to remember these lessons in looking for the light in the darkness. \"Hope is something that is desperately needed,\" Chambers says. \"And it's needed right now.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EDavid Robson's latest book, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdavidrobson.me\u002Fthe-expectation-effect\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThe Expectation Effect: How Your Mindset Can Transform Your Life\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, is out now in the UK, and is published on 15 February 2022 in the US. He is \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.twitter.com\u002Fd_a_robson\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E@d_a_robson\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E on Twitter.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220113-the-sci-fi-genre-offering-radical-hope-for-living-better-8"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2022-01-14T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","headlineLong":"The sci-fi genre offering radical hope for living better","headlineShort":"The sci-fi genre offering radical hope","image":["p0bh0bpq"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Illustration","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2021-08-25T12:48:44.837297Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"6183c2c945ceed0d2f73335b"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"Illustration","promoImage":["p0bh0bpq"],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Fthe-art-of-living"],"summaryLong":"In these times of cynicism and despair, is 'hopepunk' the perfect antidote? David Robson explores radical optimism, and why it matters.","summaryShort":"Why ‘hopepunk’ is the perfect antidote to despair – and can help us live better","tag":["tag\u002Fthe-art-of-living","tag\u002Fbooks"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2022-01-14T00:00:28.59592Z","entity":"article","guid":"ee161ba2-d2d2-4c4d-9f44-4c6244bff9a3","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220113-the-sci-fi-genre-offering-radical-hope-for-living-better","modifiedDateTime":"2022-01-14T10:42:54.343337Z","project":"culture","slug":"20220113-the-sci-fi-genre-offering-radical-hope-for-living-better","cacheLastUpdated":1642221620934},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220112-the-man-changing-how-we-see-the-internet":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220112-the-man-changing-how-we-see-the-internet","_id":"61df6b8a45ceed63f11132e1","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["culture\u002Fauthor\u002Fkambole-campbell"],"bodyIntro":"Writers and filmmakers often take doomy views of the web. But new animation Belle, by Japanese director Mamoru Hosoda, shows off its beautiful possibilities, writes Kambole Campbell.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"BodyA\"\u003EWhen we think about how the internet shapes our lives, especially in art, we tend to imagine the worst. From TV shows like Black Mirror and feature documentaries like The Social Dilemma, to novels like The Circle, writers and filmmakers have portrayed the digital realm as one where we indulge self-destructive and narcissistic impulses, and where our privacy and security is breached. However, as the dystopian treatments of the internet mount up, one filmmaker has been on a different mission: to showcase the beauty of online connection. In the eyes of Japanese anime director Mamoru Hosoda, the web is an ever-evolving realm of exciting potential, an attitude embodied in his aesthetic approach to visualising this digital world.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"BodyA\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMore like this:\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"BodyA\"\u003E–      \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20211207-the-matrix-and-the-sci-fi-stories-that-became-a-reality\"\u003EHow The Matrix became a reality\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"BodyA\"\u003E–      \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20220106-22-films-to-watch-in-2022\"\u003E22 films to watch in 2022\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"BodyA\"\u003E–      \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200518-the-animation-that-showed-me-the-meaning-of-life\"\u003EThe animation that showed me the meaning of life\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"BodyA\"\u003EHosoda's optimism about our interactions with the digital world are most apparent in his latest feature Belle\u003Cem\u003E, \u003C\u002Fem\u003Ewhich is released in the US this week. A remix of Beauty and the Beast for the digital age, it tells the story of Suzu, a teenage girl living in the Japanese countryside with her widowed father, from whom she is partly estranged because of his lingering grief, and his unspoken lack of understanding as to his child's state of mind.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220112-the-man-changing-how-we-see-the-internet-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bgstk6"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220112-the-man-changing-how-we-see-the-internet-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"BodyA\"\u003EAs it turns out, Suzu is spending her time as a popstar in the parallel world of \"U\", a virtual reality that promises a new beginning and a fresh start, something extremely promising for a teenager uncomfortable in her own skin. As the internet popstar Bell (to be clear, spelt without an \"e\" as in the title, as Suzu's name translates to \"Bell\" in English) she finds immediate viral fame, something that quickly brings her into contact with another famous – or rather, infamous – denizen of U: \"The Beast\", with whom Suzu feels a mysterious kinship.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003EIn some ways, Belle could be seen as riffing on our increasing desire to occupy fully-visualised virtual social spaces – as seen for example, with games like Fortnite and Animal Crossing: New Horizons, acting as areas for concerts or interviews, and allowing people the ability to mingle during lockdown. But it's also much more fundamentally about the whole nature of online communication, and the way it can facilitate both personal transformation and self-reflection.  \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003E\"I think the fact that there is this other world where we can be another version of ourselves [helps to show] that we are not just what we show to society,\" Hosoda tells BBC Culture. \"Belle and Suzu are so different that they're virtually different people, but they're actually the same person. Sometimes we end up believing that we are only that one side of ourselves, but actually we have many dimensions. And learning that and believing that helps us to be more free.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"BodyA\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHosoda's fantasies of digital living\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"BodyA\"\u003EHosoda's directorial career began around the turn of the millennium, and as his filmography has grown, parenthood and the lives of children have clearly become his pet themes. His previous film, 2018's Mirai, explores a father becoming a stay-at-home parent for the first time. Before that, 2015's Wolf Children and 2012's The Boy and the Beast both see single parents fear over where their children's independence will lead them, as well as just how much influence they hold over the shape of their lives. But alongside this focus on the family, a more specific interest he has repeatedly explored has been the role that the internet plays in the development of modern-day children – it's something he first touched upon in his very first feature film, 2000's Digimon: The Movie and has returned to in 2009's Summer Wars, about a high-school student getting involved in an online world called Oz, and now Belle.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIndeed this motif of children seeking guidance and refuge in fantastical digital realms is perhaps the most striking element of his work – even in his films that don't explicitly deal with the internet like Mirai, where the young protagonist's family tree is presented as a sort of traversable web space. His films often visually reflect the influence of digital culture by having one foot in and one foot out of reality – for example, while his characters may be designed with a subdued and natural look, they very often act with outsized, cartoonish reactions. Thematically, the mundane typically clashes with the otherworldly as his young or adolescent protagonists navigate their rapidly changing lives by doing something physically impossible – time travel in The Girl Who Leapt Through Time and Mirai, being spirited away to another dimension in The Boy and the Beast, and entering a virtual reality in Summer Wars and Belle.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220112-the-man-changing-how-we-see-the-internet-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Belle shows an internet genuinely reborn as a parallel communal space, geared towards the people that use it rather than those who might make money off them","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220112-the-man-changing-how-we-see-the-internet-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"BodyA\"\u003EBelle is both an encapsulation of the themes and aesthetic of Hosoda's filmography up to this point and a bold evolution of them. This is especially true of the film's lavish animation production, which mixes traditionally drawn 2D imagery with more 3D computer animation than any of Hosoda's previous work to reflect the film's parallel realms: 2D is used for the real world, and 3D for the digital sphere, with the former's intentional flatness contrasted with the latter's sense of expansiveness, created through broad, sweeping movements of the virtual camera. Suzu's life literally appears narrow, until her life as Bell opens it up to new dimensions, the world seeming impossibly large during her performances. This divide further emphasises Hosoda's vision of the internet as a social space that enables reinvention: when Suzu becomes Bell, she becomes a figure that is physically impossible in the 2D space of her world,.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220112-the-man-changing-how-we-see-the-internet-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bgsy9x"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220112-the-man-changing-how-we-see-the-internet-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003EThe generally bright, optimistic view that Hosoda's films take towards the virtual space immediately makes him stand apart from his contemporaries. Many landmark anime films concerning the internet have viewed it as pathological, whether in encouraging possessive parasocial relationships and fake identities, or enabling new ways for ruling bodies to be invasive. One such film is Satoshi Kon's 1997 anime Perfect Blue\u003Cem\u003E, \u003C\u002Fem\u003Ewhere the newfound intimacy that the internet provides with strangers is seen as disturbing and destabilising; its pop-singer-turned-actress protagonist Mima is stalked by obsessive fans and discovers a website set up by someone pretending to be her. As Mima loses grip on reality Kon's use of subjective perspective, immersing us in the protagonist's point of view, leads us to mistrust the very images that we witness, in a manner that evoked the internet's potential as vehicle for fabrication, where our online personas become malleable constructs, well before social media was even born. There's also a claustrophobia to Perfect Blue's portrayal of digital living, which contrasts with Hosoda's visualisation of it as offering boundless and borderless social space, and perhaps even liberation from the body itself.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"BodyA\"\u003EBringing the virtual connectivity of the internet to cinematic life isn't something reserved for animation, of course. You could call it the basis of one of the most popular, influential sci-fi blockbusters in modern memory: Lana and Lilly Wachowski's \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20211207-the-matrix-and-the-sci-fi-stories-that-became-a-reality\"\u003EThe Matrix\u003C\u002Fa\u003E – which, in 1999, reflected the new online world and folded together a wealth of digital culture with theories about simulation as well as video games, kung-fu movies, wuxia, and anime. Those interests are all channelled into a futuristic digital universe that looks like ours, but where computer functions are essentially the laws of nature – a system of control that the film's rebel protagonists learn to shape. The Wachowskis evoked club culture and fetishwear in the film's iconic costume design, an element which affirmed the idea of this virtual space as a place for reinvention. The recent sequel, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-film-review-the-matrix-resurrections\"\u003EThe Matrix Resurrections\u003C\u002Fa\u003E continued this sartorial theme in a slightly different way, through the character of Morpheus (now played by Yahya Abdul-Mateen II) \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002FHello_Tailor\u002Fstatus\u002F1478537316826288131?s=20%2520\u002F\u002F\"\u003Eand his embrace of colourful fashions.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E The virtual space can be oppressive, both films suggest, but once mastered, it can also be a place for exhilarating self-realisation.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"BodyA\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMore cynical cinematic takes on the internet\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"BodyA\"\u003EWhen it comes to films visualising the internet, 2018 blockbuster \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20180320-film-review-ready-player-one\"\u003EReady Player One\u003C\u002Fa\u003E also leaps to mind. Based on a 2011 novel by Ernest Cline, it is set in 2045, when humans live much of their lives in a virtual world, OASIS, that its director Steven Spielberg evidently believes is dystopian, even though Cline portrayed it much more uncritically. OASIS's aesthetic comes from being a world built on pop culture ephemera: Spielberg peppers it with cinematic references to films like The Shining and Back to the Future, as well as 3D recreations of beloved \"geek culture\" iconography like the bright red motorcycle from seminal cyberpunk anime Akira – digital constructions which the characters pay for, and flaunt as trophies.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"BodyA\"\u003EIndeed, with the exception of The Matrix, filmmakers have tended to portray the internet as something inherently corporate and transactional – whether that's imagining it as the plaything of eccentric wealthy geniuses, as in Ready Player One, or as a place that trades on intellectual property in 2018 kids' animation Ralph Breaks the Internet, which sees video-game characters embark on an adventure traversing the web, visualised as a virtual city completely saturated in brands.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220112-the-man-changing-how-we-see-the-internet-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"That's the beautiful thing about the internet. It could have been anyone in the world Mamoru partnered with. But he somehow found me – Eric Wong","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220112-the-man-changing-how-we-see-the-internet-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"BodyA\"\u003EHowever Belle takes a more romantic, immersive perspective from the start: launching the audience headfirst into one of Suzu\u002FBell's virtual concerts. As she belts out the original song \"U\" by Japanese collective millennium parade, the scene is awash with eye-popping colour, the protagonist's digital avatar wearing a gown of red roses while she surfs a giant whale that doubles as both stage and sound system; the flowers and sea creatures serve as immediate markers of a gentler, more organic online world than we might expect. From there, the film shows an internet genuinely reborn as a parallel communal space, geared towards the people that use it rather than those who might make money off them. As a 3D virtual social space \"U\" is practically the antithesis to something like Mark Zuckerberg's newly-coined \"Metaverse\", inspiring and original where the latter thus far looks ugly and commercial-focused, littered with advertising and branding. Some would argue there is hardly any aspect of digital communication today which is not heavily corporatised: think of the ways memes and online in-jokes have become co-opted by the social media accounts of large brands, tasked with interacting with each other as if these PR assets were in fact individuals.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220112-the-man-changing-how-we-see-the-internet-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bgsv57"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220112-the-man-changing-how-we-see-the-internet-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"BodyA\"\u003EIn contrast to this, Belle's utopian vision of what the internet could be feels radical. U is not just incredible to look at, but it's also a free and borderless public space. In conceiving U, Hosoda and conceptual artist Eric Wong – a London-based architect – came up with a vision of it as a spectacular infinite city with skyscrapers crucially broken up by lots of parks, to emphasise its communality as a space. Wong puts it simply: as the film speaks of togetherness, \"the city has to have that language too.\" It had to feel welcoming. \"I remember talking to Eric and we were saying, 'well, if it's really a world made up completely of skyscrapers, no one would really want to live there,'\" adds Hosoda.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"BodyA\"\u003EIndeed, the natural and human-built world, and its geometry, were at the forefront of Wong's mind when imagining U. \"Every week we'd always have new references. One of them was Central Park because there were skyscrapers everywhere, but there was a beautiful park down the middle,\" he says, also noting that U's distinctive twilit sky was inspired by the Manhattan solstice, a beautiful biannual New York event when the setting sun aligns with the Manhattan street grid.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"BodyA\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe depth of Belle's vision  \u003Cbr \u002F\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"BodyA\"\u003EWhat's interesting, too, is that the makeup of Belle's creative team very much supports the internet utopianism of the film, not just because Hosoda discovered Wong online, but because of his generally \"borderless\" approach to sourcing key artists from around the world. Wong reflects that \"that's the beautiful thing about the internet. It could have been anyone in the world [he partnered with]. But he somehow found me.\" Among the team of artists are Tomm Moore and Ross Stewart from Ireland's Cartoon Saloon, best known for Oscar-winning hit Wolfwalkers, who contributed artwork to a moment where Bell steps outside of the main urban cityscape of U. Paired with Bell's floral costumes, the incorporation of the pair's flattened drawing style, in keeping with the 2D used for the film's vision of the real world and full of organic shapes, further emphasises Belle’s conception of the internet as a natural extension of our world, rather than a rival to it.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"BodyA\"\u003EMeanwhile that sense of joyous diversity underpinning Belle is also reflected in the character designs in the world of U, the peculiarity and variety of which rival even classic Studio Ghibli films like Spirited Away, with a wild host of weird little online avatars. According to Hosoda, \"[for] most of them, a number of different designers designed them. And then we would pick the best one\". He elaborates that \"the reason that I wanted all the designers to be involved in designing the avatars is to get the diversity that you would have in the world of U.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220112-the-man-changing-how-we-see-the-internet-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Hosoda could be perhaps accused of being naively hopeful, but his thoroughly humanist view of the online world is invigorating in its idealism","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220112-the-man-changing-how-we-see-the-internet-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003EThe unifying element of this world and the narrative, Bell herself, is designed by Korean animator Jin Kim, who has shaped the look of many a Disney princess, including Frozen's Anna and Elsa, Bell, like the other avatars in U, reflects a (subtle) element of Suzu's real-world self – as does The Beast, whose hulking, battle-worn appearance mirrors the real world pain of its human counterpart, something that attracts Suzu's concern. But while Hosoda and Kim pay homage to the artists of Disney through Bell's elegance, Hosoda also has some sly fun at the company's expense – the most apparent barb being reimagining Beauty and the Beast's Gastón as Justin, a cop masquerading as a superhero, backed by a slew of corporate sponsors that he projects behind him at every given opportunity, seemingly in mockery of the superhero authoritarians of Disney subsidiary Marvel Studios. He's representative of the less utopian elements of U, an oppressive entity that looms over the otherwise open and gentle space. In this way Belle's portrayal of U, while bright and hopeful, is also not blind to the potential realities, cruelties and consequences of the internet in effectively making the world smaller, and opening its users up to a new kind of scrutiny. As Bell, Suzu is intensely scrutinised and speculated upon, jeered at and idolised, among other things, while the Beast is subject to a witch hunt, steered by Justin.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220112-the-man-changing-how-we-see-the-internet-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bh7g06"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220112-the-man-changing-how-we-see-the-internet-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bh7gz0"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220112-the-man-changing-how-we-see-the-internet-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003ENor does Hosoda pretend that the internet world of U is a wholesale replacement for the real, physical one. Suzu's performances as Bell take inspiration from her offline existence – and conversely she has to put the learnings from her online persona into action in the real world in order to fully grow as a person, and to help The Beast when no one else will, as she channels the lessons of her departed mother. It's in pondering those real-world benefits of Suzu's online life that U and Belle as a whole become almost transcendently beautiful. Hosoda's vision of the internet is beautiful not just because of the attention to detail in its phenomenal production design but also because of the way that it foregrounds human imagination and human interaction, which is (mostly) resistant to the interference of corporate interest.\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003EHosoda could be perhaps accused of being naively hopeful, but his thoroughly humanist view of a resource that is continually and cynically commodified is invigorating in its idealism. He dares to suggest that the newfound intimacy that the internet brings to society can actually amplify people's charitable spirit more than it encourages vitriol. It's an idea that can be spotted in the very light source of U – its peculiar, gigantic crescent moon, which both Hosoda and Wong highlight as their favourite visual element of the world because, as Wong says, \"it's the light that represents everyone, it belongs to everyone\". It's a stirring vision of our digital future – one that we can only hope turns out to be half as compassionate, inclusive and beautiful as Belle imagines.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003EBelle is released in the US on 14 January and the UK on 4 February\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ELove film and TV? Join \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fgroups\u002F440074069852291\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EBBC Culture Film and TV Club\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E on Facebook, a community for cinephiles all over the world.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220112-the-man-changing-how-we-see-the-internet-15"}],"collection":["culture\u002Fcolumn\u002Ffilm"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2022-01-13T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","headlineLong":"The film changing how we see the internet","headlineShort":"The most beautiful animation ever made?","image":["p0bgswl7"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":false,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2021-08-25T12:48:44.837297Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"6183c2c945ceed0d2f73335b"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Writers and filmmakers often take doomy views of the web. But new animation Belle, by Japanese director Mamoru Hosoda, shows off its beautiful possibilities, writes Kambole Campbell.","summaryShort":"Why Belle will make you see today's online culture differently","tag":null,"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2022-01-13T00:00:02.508587Z","entity":"article","guid":"f36e6091-d84b-465d-8088-9e27e017fbab","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220112-the-man-changing-how-we-see-the-internet","modifiedDateTime":"2022-01-14T10:38:59.700165Z","project":"culture","slug":"20220112-the-man-changing-how-we-see-the-internet","cacheLastUpdated":1642221620934},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220111-why-the-ugly-clog-is-the-style-statement-of-our-times":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220111-why-the-ugly-clog-is-the-style-statement-of-our-times","_id":"61de1a0945ceed08ec0bbbf5","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["culture\u002Fauthor\u002Fdaisy-woodward"],"bodyIntro":"From clunky Dutch workwear to controversial fashion favourite, Daisy Woodward explores why the distinctive wooden-soled shoe is a symbol of now.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe clog has long ranked among the world's most divisive footwear. Beau Brummell, the original dandy and arbiter of men's fashion in Regency England, is said to have had \"a perfect abhorrence\" of the protruding and protective wooden-soled shoe, according to his biographer, while 1970s Swedish pop sensations ABBA were such fervent fans that they started their own clog line.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMore like this:\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20211208-how-the-beauty-of-fluidity-went-mainstream-in-fashion\"\u003EThe new generation redefining gender\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20210811-marimekko-the-nordic-look-that-defined-freedom-and-joy\"\u003EThe Nordic look that stood for freedom\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20210714-what-your-sneakers-say-about-you\"\u003EWhat your sneakers say about you\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\"No clogs, please,\" stiletto pioneer and clogophobe \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.fatmascara.com\u002Fblog\u002F2016\u002F9\u002F8\u002Fepisode-28-stick-to-red\"\u003EChristian Louboutin pleaded\u003C\u002Fa\u003E on the Fat Mascara podcast in September 2016, just days before British designer Christopher Kane unveiled his groundbreaking spring\u002Fsummer 2017 collaboration with Crocs: geode-encrusted versions of the rubbery clogs formerly associated with gardening grandmothers. Then Dior creative director Maria Grazia Chiuri launched the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.papermag.com\u002Ffall-2018-christian-dior-clogs-2612819576.html\"\u003EDiorquake clog\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, an ode to 1960s sling-backs, officially galvanising the shoe's 21st-Century high-fashion renaissance.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220111-why-the-ugly-clog-is-the-style-statement-of-our-times-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bgkl4w"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Clogs on runway","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220111-why-the-ugly-clog-is-the-style-statement-of-our-times-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESince then, the clog's popularity has only increased: last spring, Hermès released an elegant version of the shoe it deemed \"utility meets sensory pleasure\", which sold out almost instantly.  In September 2021, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bloomberg.com\u002Fnews\u002Farticles\u002F2021-09-14\u002Fcrocs-shares-soar-as-clogmaker-sees-revenue-doubling-by-2026\"\u003ECrocs announced\u003C\u002Fa\u003E that its sales are predicted to double by 2026. Elsewhere, independent clog brands like Santa Venetia and No. 6 are offering fresh, style-forward takes on the protective footwear once relegated to the realms of farming and factory work, proving its surprising, seemingly endless potential for reinvention.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe clog's exact origins are unknown – wooden shoes made excellent firewood – but its ancient predecessors include Roman \u003Cem\u003Ecalcei \u003C\u002Fem\u003E(shoe-boots, designed for outdoor walking) and Japanese \u003Cem\u003EGeta\u003C\u002Fem\u003E (an elevating flip-flop-clog hybrid). The earliest surviving example of the traditional Dutch clog or \u003Cem\u003Eklomp\u003C\u002Fem\u003E, meanwhile, dates back to early 13th-Century Amsterdam, where shoes carved entirely from wood became commonplace among labourers as a cheap and effective means of protection and warmth.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy 1570, the first guild of \u003Cem\u003Eklomp\u003C\u002Fem\u003E makers had been established in Holland, attesting to the proliferation of skilled craftspeople who had now made hewing shoes from single blocks of split-resistant wood, like alder, beech and sycamore, their profession. By this point, wooden-soled shoes of varying forms had been adopted by workers across Europe, from the Spanish \u003Cem\u003Ealbarca\u003C\u002Fem\u003E to the French \u003Cem\u003Esabot\u003C\u002Fem\u003E, and remained the most popular mode of protective footwear well into the age of the Industrial Revolution. Indeed, there is a possibly apocryphal myth that the term sabotage stems from \u003Cem\u003Esabot\u003C\u002Fem\u003E-sporting French factory workers who either used their discarded clogs to wilfully damage machinery, or who proved less efficient than their leather-shoe-wearing contemporaries, depending on which account you choose to believe.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220111-why-the-ugly-clog-is-the-style-statement-of-our-times-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bgkjcg"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Wooden clogs","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220111-why-the-ugly-clog-is-the-style-statement-of-our-times-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EClogs arrived in Britain as early as the 1300s, but unlike the all-wooden Dutch versions, they consisted of wooden soles and leather uppers, explains \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.clogmaker.co.uk\u002F\"\u003EJeremy Atkinson\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, England's last traditional clog maker. \"That's because British soil is much more abrasive, I believe, so leather fared better.\" Clogs were the footwear of choice for British workers throughout the Industrial Revolution, because \"they were durable, cheaper than shoes, and better in both the wet and the heat – they're very absorbent,\" Atkinson tells BBC Culture. Their popularity only began to wane in the mid 1800s, \"when hobnail boots became more affordable\".\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENevertheless, the clog could still be found in the cotton mills and mines of 19th-Century northern Britain, where it doubled as dance shoe with the arrival of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.historic-uk.com\u002FCultureUK\u002FClog-Dancing\u002F\"\u003Eclog dancing\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. This started among labourers, who would create rhythmic, clacking dances with their wooden soles to allay boredom and dispel the cold, and soon emerged as a popular form of music hall entertainment preceding tap dancing. (Tap wunderkind \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.lep.co.uk\u002Fnews\u002Fclog-dancing-kid-who-became-global-superstar-655275\"\u003ECharlie Chaplin\u003C\u002Fa\u003E began his career as a clog dancer.)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220111-why-the-ugly-clog-is-the-style-statement-of-our-times-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Opting for a clog over more conventionally fashionable footwear is a sign of self-certainty, and aligns with the rise of \"uglycore\" fashion","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220111-why-the-ugly-clog-is-the-style-statement-of-our-times-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIt wasn't until the 1960s and 70s however, that clogs became a widespread fashion statement. This particular iteration derived from the Swedish clog or \u003Cem\u003Eträskor\u003C\u002Fem\u003E, a backless shoe with a wooden sole and leather upper with a square toe. \"These were originally designed as a sort of yard boot that you could slip on with a woolly sock to go out and feed the animals, and then slip off again,\" Atkinson explains.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220111-why-the-ugly-clog-is-the-style-statement-of-our-times-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bgkkhr"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"1970s clogs","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220111-why-the-ugly-clog-is-the-style-statement-of-our-times-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe clog's all-natural materials, and the fact that they remained at least partially handmade, appealed to the back-to-nature attitude of 1960s counterculture. In the 70s, the shoe's clompy sole and angular silhouette paired perfectly with the decade's trend for long flowing skirts and flared jeans, prompting the embrace of Swedish-style clogs by brands like Gucci and MIA, who playfully reinterpreted them for the platform-loving youth.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESince then, the clog has fallen in and out of favour among the sartorially-inclined. The 1990s marked the original rise of the pretty\u002Fugly shoe, the clog very much included, which saw orthopaedic-style footwear repurposed as an expression of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.vogue.com\u002Farticle\u002Fpretty-ugly-shoes-90s-throwback-birkenstock\"\u003Ewhat Vogue terms\u003C\u002Fa\u003E \"an ironic, detached, 'come as you are' attitude that thumbed the nose at convention, polish, and glamour\". The 2000s also prompted a renewed, albeit temporary, interest in clogs when Dutch design duo Viktor and Rolf debuted traditionally decorated, high-heeled \u003Cem\u003Eklompen\u003C\u002Fem\u003E on the spring\u002Fsummer 2007 runway, followed by Karl Lagerfeld's towering take on \u003Cem\u003Eträskor\u003C\u002Fem\u003E for Chanel's spring\u002Fsummer 2010 collection three years later. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe clog comeback\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EYet the current clog mania, which has been steadily gaining traction since Kane's Croc collaboration, seems to be more aligned with the far-reaching 1970s craze – and has spawned a whole host of clog iterations and reinterpretations. Scandinavian brand Swedish Hasbeens, which launched in 2006 offering handmade takes on classic 70s styles, has been enjoying a resurgence in popularity. And the past year has seen some of fashion's most influential names put their own distinct spin on the shoe, not least Molly Goddard's maximalist spring\u002Fsummer 2021 collaboration with UGG, which included a platform clog in eye-popping colourways.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220111-why-the-ugly-clog-is-the-style-statement-of-our-times-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bgkjyl"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Uggs x Molly Goddard clogs","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220111-why-the-ugly-clog-is-the-style-statement-of-our-times-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn October 2021, global fashion search platform \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.lyst.com\u002Fdata\u002Fdata-drop-wednesday-03-10-21\u002F\"\u003ELyst reported\u003C\u002Fa\u003E that searches for clogs have increased by 124% compared to the previous year, while searches for wooden clogs, in particular, were said to be up by 65% month-on-month. The most coveted styles range from the more practical and affordable – Birkenstock Arizonas and MIA Almas – to high-fashion heeled offerings by Chanel and Dolce & Gabbana.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESo what is it about the clog that particularly appeals to a 2020s audience? This is the question BBC Culture posed to Lauren Mechling, senior editor at US Vogue and founder of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.instagram.com\u002Fthecloglife\u002F\"\u003E@thecloglife\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, an Instagram account dedicated to all things clog. \"There are multiple factors that have converged into a perfect storm of the clog's comeback,\" she writes over email, \"the first being that, in our post-#girlboss moment, feminism isn't just in fashion, but is ingrained in the culture like never before\". As a woman, there is a spirit of transgression to wearing a clog, she explains, because those who do so \"reject the notion that heels, which have long been believed to be the visually pleasing footwear, are what is in order if one wants to look pulled together\". This could equally be said of other gender identities: opting for a clog over more conventionally fashionable footwear is a sign of self-certainty, and aligns with the rise of \"\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fstylecaster.com\u002Fshoe-trends-2022\u002F\"\u003Euglycore\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\" fashion, 2022's own brand of Gen-Z punk style. Mechling also notes that the pandemic has, to some degree, eviscerated the uncomfortable footwear that was once an integral part of a working wardrobe – \"so more and more late adopters have bought a pair\".\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220111-why-the-ugly-clog-is-the-style-statement-of-our-times-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Uncomfortable clogs defeat the entire point of clogginess, which is liberation and self-celebration – Laura Mechling","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220111-why-the-ugly-clog-is-the-style-statement-of-our-times-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe contemporary shift towards comfort certainly seems to be an integral factor in the clog's return – 2021 could be described as a year of comfortable glamour in fashion, tailored towards our cautious re-emergence from lockdown life. And clogs, it turns out, are the ideal \"transitional shoe\" according to Tobias Klaiber, CEO of Scholl Shoes, the footwear brand that invented the calf-toning, clog sandal, the Scholl Pescura, in the 1950s. Like Birkenstock, which debuted its Boston clog in 1979, and Crocs, which unveiled its rubber boating slip-ons in 2001, Scholl has been producing clogs non-stop since its inception, and is now \"surfing the wave\" of the shoe's renaissance.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJust as Birkenstock and Crocs have embarked on many high-fashion collaborations of late, with designers like Valentino Garavarni and Jil Sander (Birkenstock), and Balenciaga's Demna Gvasalia (Crocs), Scholl recently partnered with Kate Spade, and has just released a bold new clog collection, titled Scholl Iconic, reimaging their Pescura clogs and sandals for a 21st-Century audience. This includes tartan and faux fur in abundance, and a focus on sustainability – another defining element of the wooden-soled shoe's contemporary appeal, according to Klaiber. The collection's tagline is \"haute comfort\" which, the CEO says, points to the fact that \"fashion and comfort don't have to exclude each other\".\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220111-why-the-ugly-clog-is-the-style-statement-of-our-times-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bgkkbx"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"portrait","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220111-why-the-ugly-clog-is-the-style-statement-of-our-times-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThis sentiment was the driving force behind the inception of California clog brand Santa Venetia  which began in 2017. \"I always wanted to be into clogs, but they never quite fit my aesthetic,\" says co-founder Gemma Greenhill over the phone, explaining that it was a friend's pair of 1960s clogs with entirely embroidered uppers that swayed her.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThese were the shoes that formed the template for Santa Venetia's first design, Greenhill notes, \"and since then we've been creating clogs that are a bit unexpected, just a little bit different from your regular clog\". This includes a collaboration with Panache, featuring hand-painted sushi, fruit, martinis and hot dogs, and an\u003Cspan\u003E elevated take\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E on the rubber-soled nursing clog, a comfort-forward design that Greenhill notes was 2021's most popular style. \"I think that, right now, people want to have a bit of fun within the parameter of practicality.\" \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIndeed, Mechling affirms that the only clogs worth investing in are ones that feel good. Her other top choices include California label Beklina's ribbed clogs, which she describes as \"powerful and ladylike\" and New York brand No. 6's shearling-lined boots (\"a bubble bath for the feet\"). \"Uncomfortable clogs defeat the entire point of clogginess,\" she adds conclusively, \"which is liberation and self-celebration\".\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220111-why-the-ugly-clog-is-the-style-statement-of-our-times-14"}],"collection":["culture\u002Fpremium-collection\u002Fstyle"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2022-01-12T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","headlineLong":"Why the 'ugly' clog is the style statement of our times","headlineShort":"The 'ugly' shoe that defines our times","image":["p0bgkjk6"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Clog street style","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2021-08-25T12:48:44.837297Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"6183c2c945ceed0d2f73335b"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"Clog street style","promoImage":["p0bgkjk6"],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Ffashion"],"summaryLong":"From clunky Dutch workwear to controversial fashion favourite, Daisy Woodward explores why the distinctive wooden-soled shoe is a symbol of now.","summaryShort":"How the clog went from clunky Dutch workwear to controversial fashion favourite","tag":["tag\u002Ffashion"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2022-01-12T00:00:00.156769Z","entity":"article","guid":"9a282b4f-c500-4f94-8dd5-38d7aaa828e9","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220111-why-the-ugly-clog-is-the-style-statement-of-our-times","modifiedDateTime":"2022-01-12T00:00:34.327374Z","project":"culture","slug":"20220111-why-the-ugly-clog-is-the-style-statement-of-our-times","cacheLastUpdated":1642221620935},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220110-why-lady-macbeth-is-literatures-most-misunderstood-villain":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220110-why-lady-macbeth-is-literatures-most-misunderstood-villain","_id":"61dcc89145ceed11b612c591","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["culture\u002Fauthor\u002Fhanna-flint"],"bodyIntro":"Shakespeare's murderous queen has long been demonised as a wicked seductress. Yet Frances McDormand is the latest actor to show she deserves far more understanding, writes Hanna Flint.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESeductress. Manipulator. Madwoman. The Fourth Witch. These are just a few of the more hostile descriptors that Lady Macbeth has been saddled with ever since The Tragedie of Macbeth (the full title of the Scottish play) was first performed 416 years ago. As a schoolgirl studying William Shakespeare's timeless tale of ambition, morality, betrayal and murder, my first impression was that she was all of the above: a straightforward, out-and-out villain. A wife who, after learning of a witches' prophecy declaring her Scottish general husband would become king, persuades him to commit regicide, take power and subsequently ignites a bloody civil war?  Lady M is certainly no angel.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMore like this:\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E–      \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20220106-22-films-to-watch-in-2022\"\u003E22 films to watch in 2022\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E–      \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20210421-the-shakespeare-tragedy-that-truly-speaks-to-us-now\"\u003EThe Shakespeare tragedy that speaks to now\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E–      \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20211014-netflixs-you-and-how-nice-guys-became-the-real-villains\"\u003EWhy 'nice guys' became the villains\u003C\u002Fa\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn act five, scene seven of the play, Macbeth's rival for the throne Malcolm declares her a \"fiend-like queen,\" and that label has stuck. The fact that men played female roles in Shakespeare's day likely only compounded this unflattering caricature, but even after women were welcomed on stage, a narrow portrayal of the character has continued. \"My experience of Lady Macbeth in the theatre, to begin with, was quite difficult,\" Erica Whyman, Deputy Artistic Director of The Royal Shakespeare Company tells BBC Culture. \"She's cast in the popular imagination as the instrument of evil and that then latches onto stereotypes of women through the ages. It's a caricature of a woman who seeks power through her husband; when you combine that with the idea that she goes mad, you have this toxic combination.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220110-why-lady-macbeth-is-literatures-most-misunderstood-villain-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bgd3hs"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220110-why-lady-macbeth-is-literatures-most-misunderstood-villain-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIt's this two-dimensional representation that Oscar-nominated actor Ruth Negga is hoping to combat when she takes on the role opposite Daniel Craig in Sam Gold's Broadway production this spring. \"I'm very interested in discussing what I think is the long-standing demonisation [of Lady Macbeth],\" she tells BBC Culture. \"[The play is] a complex excavation of this relationship and desire, fate and power but it feels like we've just plastered it with misogyny. The problem isn't the play, it's the interpretation.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJoel Coen is the most recent filmmaker to have a go at bringing the play to the screen. Released on Apple TV+ on Friday, The Tragedy of Macbeth is a faithful adaptation which keeps the original Shakespearean dialogue, though presents the story in black-and-white using a stylised German expressionist-brutalist aesthetic, with Denzel Washington and Frances McDormand playing the tragic couple. As Lady M, McDormand commands the screen with matriarchal authority. There's nothing hysterical or overtly 'evil' about her performance; rather she plays the character as someone who is determined that their murderous actions are for the good of her hard-working husband, until the guilt becomes too much to bear.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EContemporary feminist readings and criticism have similarly reappraised Lady Macbeth as a far more sympathetic figure than the one that has been traditionally depicted. She might not have been historically perceived as a tragic hero like her husband – and Shakespeare didn't give her as much stage time either – but the play's title speaks to more than just his devastating fall from grace. It speaks to hers too. With this in mind, films and theatre productions have increasingly offered a deeper engagement with her, and with Shakespeare's progressive ideas about gender, motherhood and the patriarchy that are as relevant today as they were back then. \"He would not have recognised what we mean by women's rights or what we mean by equality but what he did was treat every human being in his plays as though they had something to say that we should listen to,\" says Whyman.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe range of Lady Macbeths\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOne of the earliest portrayals of Lady Macbeth that broke the mould was delivered by Welsh actor Sarah Siddons in 1785 at London's Drury Lane Theatre. In an essay she wrote entitled Remarks on the Character of Lady Macbeth, Siddons viewed her as \"fair, feminine, nay, perhaps, even fragile,\" which is why in her reading, Macbeth was susceptible to his wife's suggestion. \"Such a combination only, respectable in energy and strength of mind, and captivating in feminine loveliness, could have composed a charm of such potency as to fascinate the mind of a hero so dauntless, a character so amiable, so honourable as Macbeth,\" she writes. Her depiction was \"tragedy personified,\" as critic William Hazlitt put it, and starkly contrasted with fellow 18th-Century star Hannah Pritchard's earlier turn which clung to the \"savage, demoniac\" tradition. Siddons' influence would be felt a century later, in 1888, when stage star Ellen Terry, inspired by an imperative in Siddons' essay to \"not hold by the 'fiend' reading of the character,\" took to the stage at London's Lyceum Theatre. As described by Michael Holroyd in his biography, A Strange Eventful History: The Dramatic Lives of Ellen Terry, Henry Irving and their Remarkable Families, Terry wrote on the flyleaves of her copy of the play that Lady Macbeth was \"full of womanliness\" and \"capable of affection,\" adding: \"she loves her husband… and is half the time afraid whilst urging Macbeth not to be afraid as she loves a man.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220110-why-lady-macbeth-is-literatures-most-misunderstood-villain-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"She's got a conscience and is aware of the emotional and moral cost but thinks it's worth putting that to one side. That's always a terrible idea – Erica Whyman","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220110-why-lady-macbeth-is-literatures-most-misunderstood-villain-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EHe loves her right back; Shakespeare is always intentional with the words he uses, so when Macbeth calls her his \"dearest partner of greatness\", it indicates their marriage is bonded by both love, ambition and equality – he calls her his \"partner\", after all. In Akira Kurosawa’s 1957 film Throne of Blood, which transposes the story of Macbeth to 16th-Century Japan, Lady Asaji's (Isuzu Yamada) love for her husband Lord Washizu (Toshiro Mifune) manifests as paranoia. She argues that news of the witches' prophecy would get back to their Great Lord which would paint them as a potential threat to the throne. \"This is a wicked world,\" she says calmly. \"To save yourself you often first must kill.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECoen's The Tragedy of Macbeth also shows a more affectionate relationship between its lead pair. Both in their sixties, the actors are older than your typical Macbeths, but that helps emphasise that the couple's lasting union is one built on years of trust and mutual support. In Lady Macbeth's opening scene, McDormand delivers the line, \"Yet do I fear thy nature; It is too full o' the milk of human kindness,\" with the casualness of a wife who knows her husband better than he knows himself – but her love is most ardent. A warm smile spreads across her sleeping face as she senses the morning arrival of her husband. When Macbeth then whispers \"my dearest love\", the words are tenderly caressing and the two lovingly embrace. Her expression is a far-cry from the grimace she wore the night before when commanding \"spirits\" to change her very nature as the couple plot to murder the doomed King Duncan. \"Come, you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts,\" she utters, looking to the sky and briefly to the bed upon which she sits. \"Unsex me here and fill me from the crown to the toe top-full of direst cruelty. Make thick my blood; stop up the access and passage to remorse That no compunctious visitings of nature shake my fell purpose.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220110-why-lady-macbeth-is-literatures-most-misunderstood-villain-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bgd3zf"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220110-why-lady-macbeth-is-literatures-most-misunderstood-villain-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EJudi Dench performs this powerful act one speech far more dynamically in the filmed 1979 version of Trevor Nunn's legendary Royal Shakespeare Company production, in which she starred opposite Ian McKellen. Dropping to her knees with her hand outstretched, she begs for the constraints of her gender to be removed then suddenly jumps up with a squeak as though the spirits had answered her call. Returning to the floor, she completes her whispering invocation in climactic fashion: \"That my keen knife see not the wound it makes, nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark to cry 'Hold. Hold!'\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThough painstakingly delivered, Dench's version reinforces the sorceress-like stereotype of Lady Macbeth, as though she has conjured these spirits to help do her work. By contrast, McDormand's resolute poise and level intonation avoids making the supernatural metaphor appear so literal and refutes any interpretation she could be the Fourth Witch using dark magic to manipulate her husband.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPerformed in this manner, the speech simply reinforces Lady Macbeth's commitment to Macbeth's desire to rule. It also lays bare the gender politics within the play's society. Femininity is seen as a weakness, masculinity is associated with cold ambition, and Lady Macbeth recognises too much of the former in both herself and her husband. \"'Unsex me here,' is this idea that her sex is not useful to her at this moment,\" says Whyman. \"'Stop up the passage to remorse' is a peculiarly evocative image for a woman; to use this idea of not being an open vessel and instead be strong, closed and steely. She's got a conscience and is aware of the emotional and moral cost but thinks it's worth putting that to one side. That's always a terrible idea.'\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe notion that if femininity is removed from this world, bad things happen, is something that Whyman identifies as a recurring theme in the English playwright's work. \"The feminine to Shakespeare means an understanding of compassion, and understanding that we need to live in a community and family, rather than each individual's ambition leading us towards the definition of success,\" she says. \"He's constantly guarding against or warning us against eliminating the feminine – if Macbeth was allowed to be feminine, he wouldn't have killed.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat are Lady Macbeth's motives?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnother reading of Lady Macbeth's motivations is that of a childless woman seeking glorious purpose: if she cannot secure Macbeth's legacy with an heir, she can through the throne. The primary role for a woman was bearing children, and the child mortality rate in Shakespeare's time was around one in three, so it's unsurprising he heavily implied the couple lost a child. \"I have given suck and know how tender 'tis to love the babe that milks me,\" says Lady Macbeth in act one scene seven. When that death occurred is unclear, but filmmaker Justin Kurzel made the event literal in the opening of his 2015 adaptation, starring Michael Fassbender and Marion Cotillard, with a scene where the anguished Macbeths attend the funeral of their toddler. The fog of grief clouds their battlement and their judgement, something Kurosawa also suggested in Throne of Blood by having Lady Asiji give birth to a stillborn child which influences Wasizu's decision to assassinate both his best friend Miki and his son who \"one day shall rule Spider's Web Castle\".\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220110-why-lady-macbeth-is-literatures-most-misunderstood-villain-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Macbeth’s in his prime, is at the top of his game, whereas Lady Macbeth is perceived as past hers. 400 years later, there's still a bit of that – we start to find women invisible – Erica Whyman","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220110-why-lady-macbeth-is-literatures-most-misunderstood-villain-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EBut in Kurzel's film, he emphasises the theme of a mother's loss, in particular, to the point of turning Lady Macbeth's climactic sleepwalking scene in act five into a heart-breaking church confessional in which she speaks to a vision of her dead son. More overstated direction could have led to this moment merely affirming the perception of Lady Macbeth as a mad woman but instead Cotillard's delivery of her lines is restrained, showing that subconsciously or not, the passage to remorse has flooded open. She keenly feels the guilt for her wicked deeds but the ghostly presence of her child in this scene suggests she is also pained by her earlier declaration that she would have killed him to achieve their goal: \"Have pluckd my nipple from his boneless gums and dashd the brains out, had I so sworn as you have done to this.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBoth in Coen's film and the Royal Shakespeare Company's 2018 production, starring Christopher Eccleston and Niamh Cusack as the Macbeths, their loss appears less recent and Lady Macbeth is far past the point where she could conceive – which makes her appear more disposable within the world of the play as Macbeth begins to distance himself from his wife. \"This brilliant, intelligent, quick-thinking, courageous woman is confined to a ceremonial role that comes through very strongly when it's an older couple,\" says Whyman. \"Macbeth's in his prime, is at the top of his game, [whereas Lady Macbeth is perceived as past hers]. 400 years later, there's still a bit of that – we start to find women invisible. We don't notice their sexual charms so much and don't see them as sexual beings.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy contrast, younger casting often goes hand in hand with an amping up of the passionate sexuality and desire in the Macbeths' relationship – but done right, that doesn't mean Lady Macbeth has to occupy the wicked seductress stereotype. In Kurzel's film, the Macbeths enjoy a sensual sex scene in which Lady Macbeth persuades her husband to carry out their treacherous plan. Had attention not been paid to her role as a mother, a partner and her mental health as a whole, Cotillard's iteration might have fit that reductive characterisation. Whyman points to Saoirse Ronan's performance in the recent production at London's Almeida theatre as another fine example of a younger take on Lady Macbeth: \"It was full of life and sexuality. I found it very moving because theirs was a love affair that was so damaged by violence. There's one decision, whatever the chain of events, that destroys that forever.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220110-why-lady-macbeth-is-literatures-most-misunderstood-villain-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bgd3nk"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220110-why-lady-macbeth-is-literatures-most-misunderstood-villain-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThat fateful choice, in Lady Macbeth's case, may be best understood as that of a woman navigating a strongly patriarchal world. If women had ambitions in early modern England, they mostly had to accomplish them through men, and there's a strong sense that Lady Macbeth missed an opportunity to achieve greatness both because of her sex and her husband – Macbeth might have status on the battlefield but has less so in court. Her questioning of his manly courage (\"Art thou afeard?\") cannot simply be viewed as emasculation but an indication that she could have married a man with more political power. \"There is a really interesting theme that there's a different tragedy for Lady Macbeth when she's [played] older – she could have easily been queen,\" Whyman says. \"[Shakespare is] consistently curious about what it is to be a female leader and he keeps putting these guys up with deep flaws, and then suggesting there's a woman close to them who could have done it better. Of course, he was also living through a time where the idea of a queen was very potent.\" Whyman points to Hermione in The Winter's Tale as another of Shakespeare's women who suffers at the hands of a weak-minded husband. The virtuous Queen of Sicily is falsely accused of infidelity by King Leontes and is forced to stand trial: \"Queen Hermione is treated appallingly [but] she would have led the country brilliantly. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EKing James I might have been the British sovereign when Macbeth was published but his predecessor, Elizabeth I, was an obvious influence on Shakespeare. Upon her ascension to the throne, the monarch challenged gender roles; she refused to submit to marriage – arguing she was \"already bound unto a husband, which is the kingdom of England\" – while clinging to her feminine identity in her aesthetic and various speeches, describing her subjects as her \"children\" for example. But she also displayed the royal traits (considered masculine because of the traditionally male hierarchy) of active agency and decision making, and was referred to using royal male descriptors, like \"princely\" and \"Prince of Light\" , as well as being classified as \"king\" in Parliamentary statute for political purposes. However, where Elizabeth I embraced political androgyny and reigned for 45 years, Lady Macbeth unsexes herself and loses her way. \"She thinks the only way to get success is to follow a set of rules that are patriarchal,\" says Whyman. \"She's not a kind of power-hungry, man impersonator – she's wholly in her skin, but she does think the only way to have agency in the world is to do this terrible deed and she's quite wrong about that. If she held onto her morals, so her femininity in that sense, it wouldn’t have happened.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EShakespeare was miles ahead when it came to female representation and Lady Macbeth is a character that has too frequently been painted in a two-dimensional light. Had she been afforded more scenes in the play, her motivations might not have appeared so ambiguous to narrow-minded viewers. As it is, Lady M exits the play after her sleepwalking scene and in act five scene seven is reported as dead, evidently by suicide if Malcolm's comment that she \"by self and violent hands took off her life\"  is to be believed. But Coen complicates things by adding a sequence involving Lady Macbeth and nobleman Ross (Alex Haskell) that suggests even more foul play might be involved. Did she throw herself down the stairs – either because the guilt was too much or as an act of atonement – or was she pushed by Ross as revenge for her husband's order to murder his cousin Lady MacDuff? That's up to the viewer to decide. What is clear, is that Macbeth cares for his wife until the end and Coen presents this by having Washington's tragic hero looking down upon her laying at the bottom of the fateful staircase, staggering slightly as the pain washes over him. The one constant in this adaptation is their love for one-another.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMcDormand joins a welcome list of women bringing enough depth and layers to this formidable character to combat 400 years of gross misunderstandings that say more about those interpreters than the multifaceted literary figure Shakespeare created. Lady Macbeth is a timeless, tragic heroine who should be cherished not scorned. \"It's unhelpful to portray her as wicked or to suggest that because she hasn't got a child she's, in some ways, hollow and barren and inevitably evil,\" says Whyman. \"She’s not a villain; she’s complex, she's curious – we should admire her.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThe Tragedy of Macbeth is available from Friday internationally on Apple TV+ \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ELove film and TV? Join \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fgroups\u002F440074069852291\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EBBC Culture Film and TV Club\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E on Facebook, a community for cinephiles all over the world.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220110-why-lady-macbeth-is-literatures-most-misunderstood-villain-10"}],"collection":["culture\u002Fcolumn\u002Ffilm"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2022-01-11T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","headlineLong":"Why Lady Macbeth is literature's most misunderstood villain","headlineShort":"Literature's most misunderstood villain","image":["p0bgd475"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2021-08-25T12:48:44.837297Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"6183c2c945ceed0d2f73335b"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":["p0bgd3nk"],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Shakespeare's murderous queen has long been demonised as a wicked seductress. Yet Frances McDormand is the latest actor to show she deserves far more understanding, writes Hanna Flint.","summaryShort":"Why we've got Lady Macbeth all wrong","tag":["tag\u002Ftheatre"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2022-01-11T00:00:09.218853Z","entity":"article","guid":"4ad2057f-0cbd-44aa-9acf-0a1c53a96b54","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220110-why-lady-macbeth-is-literatures-most-misunderstood-villain","modifiedDateTime":"2022-01-11T07:11:40.720571Z","project":"culture","slug":"20220110-why-lady-macbeth-is-literatures-most-misunderstood-villain","cacheLastUpdated":1642221620935},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220107-is-this-the-worst-film-ever-made":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220107-is-this-the-worst-film-ever-made","_id":"61db7e4b45ceed444e47d203","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["culture\u002Fauthor\u002Fnicholas-barber"],"bodyIntro":"While Plan 9 from Outer Space had little regard for continuity or cinematic convention, the film wasn't some cynical hackjob, but a truly eccentric labour of love, writes Nicholas Barber.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn 1978, a book called The Fifty Worst Films of All Time was published. It celebrated such crimes against cinema as Valley of the Dolls and Robot Monster (also The Omen, which seems a bit harsh), but its authors, Harry Medved and Randy Dreyfuss, knew that there was plenty more dreck where that came from. At the back of the book, they included a suggestions page that readers were invited to fill in and post to them. One name was scrawled on nearly 400 of these ballots: Plan 9 from Outer Space.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMore like this:\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E - \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20210802-why-x-rated-masterpiece-the-devils-is-still-being-censored\"\u003EThe X-rated 70s film that still shocks\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E - \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20210406-jennifers-body-the-real-meaning-of-a-sexy-teen-flick\"\u003EHow a 'teen flick' was misunderstood\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E - \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20210212-silent-running-the-sci-fi-that-predicted-modern-crises\"\u003EThe sci-fi that predicted modern crises\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWritten, directed and produced by Edward D Wood Jr, better known as Ed Wood, the film is a cheap science-fiction\u002Fhorror hybrid about aliens who zoom across the US in flying saucers, reviving the corpses in a small-town graveyard. It was barely seen in cinemas after its premiere in Los Angeles in 1957, but once it began being shown on late-night television in 1961, insomniac viewers noticed that this was no ordinary B-movie – or indeed C-, D-, or E-movie. The authors investigated, and agreed. When Medved and his brother published a follow-up in 1980, The Golden Turkey Awards, Plan 9 went straight to number one. It was, they declared, The Worst Film of All Time.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe accolade stuck. Among cinephiles who enjoyed bad films as much as good ones, Plan 9 from Outer Space became known as the one movie you had to watch, and watch again, and tell your friends (or enemies) to watch, too. Xavier Mendik, co-editor of The Cult Film Reader, says that it \"remains a key template for judging cult film status\". Its fans wrote unofficial sequels and mounted stage adaptations. Jerry and his buddies aim to watch it in an episode of Seinfeld from 1991. And in 1994, Tim Burton's biopic of Ed Wood climaxes with the making of the film. \"This is the one,\" beams Wood (Johnny Depp) at its premiere. \"This is the one they'll remember me for\".\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220107-is-this-the-worst-film-ever-made-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bfzn6p"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220107-is-this-the-worst-film-ever-made-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EWhether or not Wood really said any such thing, Plan 9 from Outer Space is definitely the one he's remembered for. More than 60 years since its premiere, and more than 40 since The Golden Turkey Awards brought it back from obscurity, it stands as the epitome of cinematic awfulness. And that's why so many people love it. But what sets it apart from other celluloid catastrophes? \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\"It's difficult to pinpoint the essence of what makes one film bad and dull on the one hand, and another film bad yet entertaining on the other,\" Jamie Sexton, co-editor of The Routledge Companion to Cult Cinema, tells BBC Culture, \"but bad-yet-entertaining films tend to fail to meet filmic conventions in a spectacular manner. It's the gap between ambition and achievement which is hilarious.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220107-is-this-the-worst-film-ever-made-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"The wafer-thin cardboard gravestones and the am-dram theatre backdrops are pathetic enough, but why do the aliens have a nice wooden desk on their spaceship?","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220107-is-this-the-worst-film-ever-made-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EPlan 9 from Outer Space isn't merely a bad film, but a \"What Not to Do\" film-making handbook. Most of it consists of long, stagey, talky scenes, in which the dialogue is either tediously repetitive or unintentionally hilarious. For example: \"One thing is sure: Inspector Clay is dead. Murdered. And somebody's responsible.\" The design budget seems to have amounted to $8.50, all of which was misspent. The wafer-thin cardboard gravestones and the am-dram theatre backdrops are pathetic enough, but why do the aliens have a nice wooden desk on their spaceship? Why is their leader wearing a tabard with a halberd-and-shield symbol on it, like a castle guard in a Robin Hood swashbuckler? And the acting is beyond parody. Take, for instance, Tor Johnson, a Swedish wrestler who was cast as an American police inspector, despite his difficulties with the English language. \"I will get one of flashlight from patrol car,\" he grunts. Mercifully, that's one of his only lines.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220107-is-this-the-worst-film-ever-made-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bfzyfy"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220107-is-this-the-worst-film-ever-made-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe most jaw-dropping aspect of the film might be Wood's total disregard for continuity. He loves to cut between his own bargain-basement footage and professional stock footage of cities and armies, ignoring the fact that they don't match at all. But even within his own footage, nothing matches. Plan 9 from Outer Space opens with the caption, \"Criswell Predicts\", whereupon The Amazing Criswell, a bow-tied TV psychic, addresses the viewer. \"We are all interested in the future,\" he intones, \"for that is where you and I are going to spend the rest of our lives.\" That sounds reasonable, doesn't it? But then Criswell blows it, following that snappy gambit with this nonsense: \"And remember, my friend, future events such as these will affect you in the future.\" Incredibly, there is worse to come. He concludes his introduction by boasting: \"We are bringing to you the full story of what happened on that fateful day.\" So ... the story isn't set in the future? It's set in the past? What was the point of all that prattling about the future, then?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOn it goes. A few minutes after Criswell's opening spiel, his narration drones on about \"sundown\", only for an airline pilot to refer to \"this time in the morning\". The same pilot then glimpses a wobbly flying saucer, as cymbal-shaped as you might expect a flying saucer to be. Soon afterwards, he informs his wife: \"It was shaped like a huge cigar.\" The most notorious inconsistency, though, is that in a handful of brief, silent scenes, one of the living dead is played by Bela Lugosi, the horror legend synonymous with Dracula. But in several other scenes, the same character is played by someone far taller and balder – Wood's wife's chiropractor, in fact – with a cloak held over his face in the hope that viewers won't spot the difference. Why? Because Wood had shot some snippets of Lugosi shortly before the actor's death in 1956, and he decided that he could build a whole film around them.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220107-is-this-the-worst-film-ever-made-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bfzn70"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220107-is-this-the-worst-film-ever-made-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAll of which brings us to the second reason why Plan 9 is so beloved. As mind-boggling as the ludicrous farrago on the screen may be, the events behind-the-scenes are almost as fascinating. Wood himself was a World War Two veteran who was keen on wearing women's clothing, angora sweaters, especially: this provided the plot of his earlier film, Glen or Glenda. When he couldn't persuade any major studios to employ him, he gathered a team of outsiders to work for peanuts. \"His films were guerrilla productions financed outside of the confines of the mainstream Hollywood machine,\" says Mendik, \"which helps endear him to cult film aficionados.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220107-is-this-the-worst-film-ever-made-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Plan 9 from Outer Space might be a failure, but it's a heroic failure","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220107-is-this-the-worst-film-ever-made-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EOne of his outcast collaborators was Lugosi, the Hungarian-American former star who was, by the 1950s, washed up, depressive, and addicted to methadone and morphine. Even after his death, his involvement helped secure funding for Plan 9 from Outer Space, but the meagre money came from the Southern Baptist Church on the condition that the cast and crew were all baptised. As mythologised in Burton's Ed Wood, the film wasn't some cynical hackjob, but a truly eccentric labour of love. Hence, says Sexton, the \"romantic appeal\" of a writer-director-producer who \"has gained the status of a kind of anti-auteur\". Plan 9 from Outer Space might be a failure, but it's a heroic failure.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ERedeeming features\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnd here's the third key to its strange charm: it isn't actually a failure in every respect. Don't get me wrong. Plan 9 from Outer Space is a terrible film. A dreadful film. An atrocious film. But it does have some elements that are halfway decent, and it's unlikely that it would have a cult following without them. That title packs a punch, for a start; if, as the legend goes, it was changed from Grave Robbers from Outer Space at the insistence of the film's Baptist backers, then they did Wood a favour. The concept of aliens bringing humans back from the dead is promising, too. And some of the imagery is strong enough – iconic enough, even – to have been put on posters and turned into Halloween costumes. In particular, the wasp-waisted Maila \"Vampira\" Nurmi was the archetypal gothic screen temptress years before Morticia Addams or Elvira ever squeezed into a slinky black dress; and while the hulking Johnson might have been disastrous as a cop, he makes a formidable gurning zombie. These factors are enough to make the film just about watchable.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere are some scholars who would go further. Ernest Mathijs, co-writer of the BFI's Guide to 100 Cult Films, contends that Plan 9 from Outer Space \"challenges the regimes of taste we make up\". Rodney F Hill, who writes about Wood in Science Fiction Double Feature: The Science Fiction Film as Cult Text, believes it to be a \"campy, cult masterpiece\" with a \"minimalist avant-garde aesthetic\". He explains to BBC Culture that the film \"pointedly rejects the conventions of logic, verisimilitude, and unity that characterise classical Hollywood cinema, in favour of a looser, more meandering plot structure, a flagrant disregard for the rules of continuity, and arguably a modernist or even Brechtian self-awareness of its own artificiality\".\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EI'm not sure I'm convinced, but maybe, just maybe, Plan 9 from Outer Space isn't the worst film of all time, after all. \"Tommy Wiseau's The Room is my own candidate for worst film ever,\" says Mathijs, while Sexton opts for Manos: The Hands of Fate, from 1966. \"Its director,\" he says, \"makes Ed Wood seem competent by comparison.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ELove film and TV? Join \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fgroups\u002F440074069852291\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EBBC Culture Film and TV Club\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E on Facebook, a community for cinephiles all over the world.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220107-is-this-the-worst-film-ever-made-10"}],"collection":["culture\u002Fcolumn\u002Ffilm"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2022-01-10T08:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","headlineLong":"Is this the worst film ever made?","headlineShort":"Is this the worst film ever made?","image":["p0bfzn8p"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2021-08-25T12:48:44.837297Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"6183c2c945ceed0d2f73335b"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Fcult-films"],"summaryLong":"While Plan 9 from Outer Space had little regard for continuity or convention, the film wasn't some cynical hackjob, but a truly eccentric labour of love, writes Nicholas Barber.","summaryShort":"Why Plan 9 from Outer Space was 'a truly eccentric labour of love'","tag":["tag\u002Fcult-films"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2022-01-10T00:31:00.304566Z","entity":"article","guid":"1d99e664-cabe-41db-a3c1-eaff51605de6","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220107-is-this-the-worst-film-ever-made","modifiedDateTime":"2022-01-10T00:31:00.304566Z","project":"culture","slug":"20220107-is-this-the-worst-film-ever-made","cacheLastUpdated":1642221620935},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-why-the-tiny-house-movement-is-big":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-why-the-tiny-house-movement-is-big","_id":"61b9fb7a45ceed6c5756514a","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["culture\u002Fauthor\u002Fbeverley-dsilva"],"bodyIntro":"Just as minimalism found its moment, now it's the turn of the tiny house movement. Beverley D'Silva explores why, when it comes to dwellings, small is beautiful.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EIn the world of home design, a revolution is taking place – and its future is tiny. The buzz around the tiny house trend – an architectural and social movement that advocates for downsizing living spaces – is increasing. Witness the nearly  2.5 million Instagram posts with a \"tinyhouse\" hashtag; a massive internet following and burgeoning number of documentaries and TV series, such as the Netflix show Tiny House Nation, and a series on the subject by UK architect and TV presenter George Clarke.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMore like this:\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20211109-stunning-cabins-and-hideaways-around-the-world\"\u003EStunning rural cabins around the world\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20210226-our-love-affair-with-our-homes\"\u003EOur love affair with our homes\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20210525-the-ultimate-island-hideaways\"\u003EThe ultimate island hideaways\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EOne of the most high-profile of the movement's many champions must be Elon Musk, the multibillionaire Tesla chief. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnypost.com\u002F2021\u002F07\u002F05\u002Felon-musk-is-living-in-a-prefab-tiny-house-worth-only-50k\u002F\"\u003EMusk upped the tiny-house ante\u003C\u002Fa\u003E when he rented one in Boca Chica, Texas, while working on his SpaceX venture. \"Feels more homey to live in a small house,\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Felonmusk\u002Fstatus\u002F1459586633230168068\"\u003Ehe tweeted\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EIn the same way that minimalism and decluttering captured the zeitgeist as a counterpoint to conspicuous consumerism, so too has the tiny house movement found its moment. The idea – that having less space and stuff can create room in our lives for more important things – is an appealing one.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe roots of the tiny house movement can be traced to 19th-Century US naturalist and essayist Henry David Thoreau, whose book Walden (1854) is an inspiring meditation on simple living in natural surroundings. Jay Shafer, the \"godfather of tiny houses\", spearheaded the modern movement when he built a tiny house on wheels and wrote The Small House Book in 1999. Shafer founded the Tumbleweed Tiny House company, before leaving to focus on social justice and housing rights.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-why-the-tiny-house-movement-is-big-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"The idea – that having less space and stuff can create room in our lives for more important things – is an appealing one","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-why-the-tiny-house-movement-is-big-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003ETiny house fans champion the dwellings' green credentials: they require less material to build, and are energy-considerate – using around 20 to 30% of the energy of most average UK homes, according to the Tiny Housing Co, a UK firm. They can be fitted with solar panels or wind power, so the owner can live off-grid. Being designed for mobility, they can more easily be sited close to nature. Economical, portable, eco-friendly, community-minded, mortgage-free – what's not to like?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EChris March is the founder of Tiny Eco Homes, in Northumberland in the UK, and has lived for three years in one of his own designs, with pine cladding inside and a cedar porch. At 7m x 2.5m, it has two bedrooms, two storeys and ceilings high enough so that you can walk around upstairs. It's fitted with \"everything my son and I need,\" he says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-why-the-tiny-house-movement-is-big-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bcxmyr"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Tiny House Nation tv series","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-why-the-tiny-house-movement-is-big-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EMarch's company produces around 15 tiny houses a year. Clients include David and Becky Westwood, and son Joss, who bought a standard £50,000 model. Even though a video they made showed Joss's head touching his bedroom ceiling when he stood up, they're delighted with their tiny house, claiming it's \"exactly like living in a conventional house\". They initially sited it on a campsite, where monthly rent was more than £500, and have since moved it to one of their parents' gardens to live rent-free.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EThe cost of land can be a key consideration (or stumbling block) in owning a tiny house. March owns the land his one is sited on; he has planning permission for a permanent residence there but says: \"I have no intention of ever building a 'normal' house. That could cost me £200,000, but I can spend £60,000 on a tiny house, and have a brand-new home for a third of the cost, so it's a no-brainer.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EThe cost of a building plot as well as a tiny house can make it prohibitive. Some get around it by siting their house on land owned by family or friends, while others rent land, from a farmer, for example – all also bypassing the need for planning permission. Another way around it is to buy land and change its use to glamping or a small farm. However, March says: \"It's virtually impossible [in the UK] to get full planning permission to live in [a tiny house] full-time and site it on a permanent basis.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-why-the-tiny-house-movement-is-big-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bcxnpx"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Tiny house interior","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-why-the-tiny-house-movement-is-big-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003ELifestyle and values are the main driving forces here: the tiny house territory goes with rethinking what's important, such as strengthening local communities, or preserving the environment; or the desire to spend more time with family or on activities that downsizing allows. Some just love the diminutive, sleek design of their small house. Still, we're talking about a minuscule minority in the UK, where it's estimated only 200 people are living in tiny houses – despite all the interest in them. \"Everybody's talking about living in tiny houses,\" admits March, \"but very few are doing it.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESmall but perfectly formed\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EIn other countries, it seems the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.thespruce.com\u002Flivable-tiny-house-communities-3984833\"\u003Etiny-house industry is moving faster\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. In the US, it's estimated 10,000 people live in tiny dwellings.  \"The tiny house movement is growing,\" Amy Turnbull, director of the American Tiny House, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.thespruce.com\u002Flivable-tiny-house-communities-3984833\"\u003Etold The Spruce\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: \"As more people advocate their acceptance, more areas will allow them\".\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EDavid Latimer is CEO and founder of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.newfrontierdesign.com\u002F\"\u003ENew Frontier Design\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, which was voted best luxury tiny home builder in \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.thespruce.com\u002Fbest-tiny-home-builders-5092126\"\u003EThe Spruce 2020 awards\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. David talked to BBC Culture from his studio in Venice Beach, California – restfully minimal in design, with plenty of blond wood and a vista of green plants.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-why-the-tiny-house-movement-is-big-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"We have seen an explosion in demand [for tiny houses] from people who want to reconnect to nature after being trapped in cities – David Latimer","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-why-the-tiny-house-movement-is-big-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003ELatimer launched his company – whose mantra is \"live intentionally\" – in 2015, at a time when interest in small dwellings was, he says, \"going viral\". He sells around 12 to 16 tiny houses per year, and his five models start with the Alpha, with a large glass door to let in natural light, and double vanity sinks – \"an ideal couple's home\". Then there is the luxury Escher, which can sleep six, and has a 10-person dining table and a full-size jacuzzi. His designs are created with an architect, and include appliances that are full-size wherever possible. Space-saving furniture – a vital component in any tiny house – is his speciality.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-why-the-tiny-house-movement-is-big-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bcxnlt"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Tiny house interior","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-why-the-tiny-house-movement-is-big-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EIn 2017, Latimer was selected to build a home for victims of the California wildfires, which was presented to a delighted family on the TV show Good Morning America. Superb coverage for a start-up, but he remains aware of the hurdles he continues to face in this nascent market. \"One obstacle is the fact there's no official legal government regulated body… and no credit facility for tiny homes,\" he says. \"And as we know, it's also very prohibitive where you can place them legally.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003ELatimer's clients are \"all ages, and a lot of empty nesters, retiring or downsizing – but the majority are young professionals… they want to get out of the city or at the very least have a place to retreat to\". Around half plan to live in their tiny house full-time; others use them as holiday homes or let them. \"It's a lifestyle choice. The tiny house moment is a value-driven world.\" Sustainability is high on many people's values list – \"tiny houses have a very small carbon footprint\" – boosted by the use of solar and wind power or composting toilets, for example.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EAnd the pandemic has had a marked effect on the market, he says. \"We have seen an explosion in demand [for tiny houses] from people who want to reconnect to nature after being trapped in cities.\" They want the personal and physical, he says, to feel liberated after the confinement of an impersonal, online existence. \"This way of living can be so intimate and cosy, comfortable and warm.\" However, adds Latimer:  \"Tiny homes are definitely not for everybody. They can demand sacrifices and lifestyle changes to make them work. But most of my clients have done a lot of research before they commit.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-why-the-tiny-house-movement-is-big-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bcxmvz"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Tiny house exterior","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-why-the-tiny-house-movement-is-big-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EIn spite of potential drawbacks, the movement is moving on apace as small local projects are publicised and shared globally. Such as that of Alan Dall, originally from Scotland, who had been locked in a dispute with his council in Canterbury, New Zealand, over his self-built tiny house – the only home he could now afford to own in his late 50s, he says; after a high-profile case the judge ruled in his favour, which could set a precedent for other owners in the country.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003EIn the UK, exciting initiatives are forging ahead too. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.tinyhousecommunitybristol.org\u002F\"\u003EThe Tiny House Community Bristol\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, a non-profit community-benefit housing project in the Sea Mills area, has succeeded in getting support from the city's mayor, and the council have collaborated on writing planning law to make the project happen Rachel Butler, founder and director of the organisation, says there are plans for a zero-waste local produce shop, an eco-launderette, plus a workshop space for repairing and making things and a community dining hall.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003E\"The plan is to build between 12 and 15 homes, and significant communal spaces, including kitchen, dining hall, eco-laundrette, workshop etc,\" says Butler. \"We have a commitment to sourcing as much of our resources and labour from our bio-region as possible. Only local tradespeople will be employed.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMeanwhile, Tiny House Scotland is the brainchild of architect Jonathan Avery, who designs and builds micro architecture. Avery's tiny house designs are central to a \"village\" for the homeless in Scotland, Tiny House Village Edinburgh, launched in Granton, Edinburgh, in May 2018. The Social Bite village provides a low-cost, safe-living environment for up to 20 people for around 12 to 18 months, with support to transition into permanent housing afterward.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-why-the-tiny-house-movement-is-big-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bcxn3n"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Tiny house at night","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-why-the-tiny-house-movement-is-big-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003EAvery's early inspiration came from Japanese architecture, \"where tiny apartments exhibited style and practicality in a small footprint\". Design-wise, his first consideration is \"the finite size, obviously. If it's a THOW (tiny house on wheels) – a weight limit of 3,500kg (550 stone) and maximum length of 7m (23ft) – for it to remain towable and road-legal rather than having to go on a low-loader.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Default\"\u003EHis designs – with green performance central to their concept – have proven so popular that building slots by his company are fully booked up to 2024. Avery is helping to create The Social Bite Village Project in Edinburgh was boosted further \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftinyhousescotland.co.uk\u002Fthe-times-online-tiny-house-village-edinburgh\u002F\"\u003Ewhen film star Leonardo DiCaprio became involved\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in the fundraising. A small victory in the scheme of things, maybe, but a giant leap for devotees of the tiny house movement.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp class=\"Body\"\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-why-the-tiny-house-movement-is-big-14"}],"collection":["culture\u002Fpremium-collection\u002Fdesigned"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2022-01-04T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","headlineLong":"Why the tiny house is perfect for now","headlineShort":"Why the tiny house is perfect for now","image":["p0bdlxm5"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Tiny house","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2021-08-25T12:48:44.837297Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"6183c2c945ceed0d2f73335b"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"Tiny house","promoImage":["p0bdlxm5"],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Farchitecture"],"summaryLong":"Just as minimalism found its moment, now it's the turn of the tiny house movement. Beverley D'Silva explores why, when it comes to dwellings, small is beautiful.","summaryShort":"How minuscule dwellings are changing the way we think about home and community","tag":["tag\u002Fdesign","tag\u002Farchitecture"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2021-12-15T14:28:03.909248Z","entity":"article","guid":"25d11fb8-c3cd-4375-8150-ad114f5142cd","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-why-the-tiny-house-movement-is-big","modifiedDateTime":"2022-01-04T10:51:52.375509Z","project":"culture","slug":"20211215-why-the-tiny-house-movement-is-big","cacheLastUpdated":1642221620936},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220106-22-films-to-watch-in-2022":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220106-22-films-to-watch-in-2022","_id":"61d7828f45ceed558808c7d4","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["culture\u002Fauthor\u002Fnicholas-barber-and-caryn-james"],"bodyIntro":"From a psychological thriller starring Harry Styles and Florence Pugh, to Robert Pattinson as The Batman, and sequels to Avatar and Knives Out, our critics pick the best releases slated for 2022.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bfql14"],"imageAlignment":"right","imageAltText":"Still from A Hero","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220106-22-films-to-watch-in-2022-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA Hero\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWith its intentionally ambiguous title, A Hero is a work from one of today's masters, Asghar Farhadi. Two of his most stirring films, A Separation and The Salesman, each won the Oscar for best foreign language film (before the category was renamed), and this latest is shortlisted for this year's award. Once more his characters embody the clash of tradition, morality, politics and a changing society in today's Iran. With Farhadi's usual eloquence and precise, intimate observation, the story follows Rahim, a flawed but hugely sympathetic man imprisoned for debt. When he gets two days' leave and tries to find a way out of that debt, a small act of dishonesty spirals out of control, and the glare of social media enhances his problems. (Caryn James)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReleased in the US on 7 January\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBelle\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis cyberpunk update of Beauty and the Beast received a 14-minute standing ovation when it premiered at last May's Cannes Film Festival – and it's easy to see why. Mamoru Hosoda's dazzling anime is a fairy-tale romance, a high-school soap opera, a superhero action movie and a science-fiction mystery all rolled into one. More than that, the film is a technical marvel in which every frame sparkles with a seemingly infinite array of tiny details. Its heroine is a Japanese schoolgirl who is too shy to sing in real life, but becomes a world-famous pop star in a virtual-reality community. Everyone is desperate to uncover the true identity of her pink-haired, blue-eyed alter ego – and when Belle meets the mysterious, monstrous Beast online, she is desperate to work out who he is, too. (Nicholas Barber)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReleased on 14 January in the US and Turkey, 20 Jan in Italy, and 4 February in the UK and Spain\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe Batman\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ERobert Pattinson channels his inner bat in this latest, grammatically precise reboot. It's not Batman, it's \u003Cem\u003EThe\u003C\u002Fem\u003E Batman. And if you thought The Dark Knight was a moody guy, think again. Matt Reeves, who co-wrote and directs, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.empireonline.com\u002Fmovies\u002Fnews\u002Fthe-batman-robert-pattinson-inspired-by-kurt-cobain-matt-reeves-exclusive\u002F\"\u003Etold Empire\u003C\u002Fa\u003E he sees his version of the crime-fighter as a recluse inspired by Kurt Cobain, right down to a grungy, well-worn Batsuit. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200123-twilight-was-an-arthouse-movie\"\u003EPattinson\u003C\u002Fa\u003E has the right brooding game for this, portraying a hero who is only in his second year of saving Gotham, still finding his way as he takes on the ruthless Riddler (Paul Dano). Colin Farrell, under layers of prosthetics, is The Penguin. But seemingly there will be some humour amid the darkness and violence, going by the comical moment in one of the trailers, when The Batman deadpans to Catwoman (Zoë Kravitz), in his husky, ultra-serious voice, \"You've got a lot of cats.\" (CJ)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReleased internationally on 4 March\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EEverything Everywhere All at Once\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe directing team known as Daniels (aka Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert) turned eccentricity into an art form in 2016's Swiss Army Man, their droll, blacker-than-black comedy about a flatulent corpse. Their new film, with a title suggesting controlled chaos, leaps into sci-fi. Michelle Yeoh plays a woman whose simple, relatable attempt to finish her taxes takes her across multiple universes, where she may exist as different versions of herself. The cast includes Jamie Lee Curtis as a villainous accountant who gets in her way. The trailer suggests an emotional family story, a martial arts extravaganza and a deserved showcase for Yeoh, all shaped by Daniels' maniacally off-the-chart style. (CJ)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReleased in the US and Canada on 25 March\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220106-22-films-to-watch-in-2022-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bfqlc2"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Still from Everything Everywhere All At Once","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220106-22-films-to-watch-in-2022-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETurning Red\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELike \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20150519-pixars-latest-is-a-joy\"\u003EInside Out\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, Turning Red is a Pixar cartoon about the pains of growing up as a girl, but it is unique in lots of ways: this is Pixar's first film to be directed solely by a woman, the first to be set in Canada, and the first to revolve around a heroine from an Asian family. The heroine in question is Meilin – or Mei – (Rosalie Chiang), a hard-working student who transforms into a huge, shaggy red panda whenever she is stressed. Given that Mei is a 13-year-old Chinese-Canadian, and that the film is set in Toronto in the early-2000s, Turning Red appears to be drawn from the experiences of its writer-director, Domee Shi – except, presumably, for the bit about swelling up into a giant, furry animal. Anyway, Mei looks so sweet and fluffy in the trailer that anyone with small children should place their order for a cuddly red panda toy now. (NB)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReleased internationally on 11 March\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ENope\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAt the moment, nothing has been revealed about Nope except that 1: It stars Daniel Kaluuya, Keke Palmer and Steven Yeun; 2: The poster depicts some kind of cloudy flying saucer hovering over a valley town; and 3: the same poster describes it as \"A New Terror from the Mind of Academy Award Winner Jordan Peele\". Still, that information is enough for Nope to be a thrilling prospect. Peele's first two films, Get Out and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20190321-film-review-us\"\u003EUs\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, also had brief titles which didn't give away their stories – and, in fact, the less you knew about the plots in advance, the more riveting they were. But both turned out to be hugely imaginative horror movies that blended hair-raising scares and provocative social commentary. Dare you miss Peele's third big-screen offering? The answer is: Nope. (NB)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReleased on 22 July\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe Northman\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ERobert Eggers' small, eerie, psychologically dark stunners have marked him as one of today's most original filmmakers. Anya Taylor-Joy, in her first starring role, was transported to the 16th Century and took on the devil in The Witch (2015), and in \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20191004-film-review-the-lighthouse\"\u003EThe Lighthouse\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, Robert Pattinson and Willem Dafoe tangled with each other as isolated 19th-Century lighthouse keepers. The Northman, another period piece, takes Eggers to 10th-Century Viking Iceland, but expands his scope with an epic tale and a large top-rank cast that includes Dafoe, Taylor-Joy, Nicole Kidman, Björk and Ethan Hawke, with Alexander Skarsgård in the lead as a prince out to avenge his father's death. Eggers' vision promises to be as bold and bizarre as ever, with wide-scale action, intense close-ups and Kidman in yet another of her crazy-long wigs. (CJ)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReleased internationally on 22 April\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220106-22-films-to-watch-in-2022-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bfqlfg"],"imageAlignment":"right","imageAltText":"Still from The Northman","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220106-22-films-to-watch-in-2022-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EKillers of the Flower Moon\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe 26th film from Martin Scorsese is his first ever Western – although it does echo some of his previous masterpieces: once again, Scorsese has opted to tell a momentous true story of greed, ambition and brutal crime. Adapted by Eric Roth from the non-fiction book by David Grann, Killers of the Flower Moon examines the murders of several members of the Osage tribe in the 1920s. Robert De Niro plays William Hale, an Oklahoma cattle rancher who covets the oil rights of the Indigenous people, and Leonardo DiCaprio plays Hale's conflicted nephew, who is married to an Osage tribeswoman (Lily Gladstone). Yes, the main attraction here is that we're finally getting to see Scorsese's two favourite leading men together in one of his films. Mind you, Jesse Plemons is sure to match them as Tom White, the FBI agent assigned to the case. (NB)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReleased in 2022\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe Woman King\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn a year full of powerful women on screen, the two in this 19th-Century historical drama may be the most intriguing. Viola Davis, who has made fierceness her trademark style, plays the leader of a women's military group in the African kingdom of Dahomey (a country now within present-day Benin) and Thuso Mbedu, the electrifying star of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20210504-the-underground-railroad-review-a-remarkable-american-epic\"\u003EThe Underground Railroad\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, is one of her recruits, as they fight threatening colonisers. Lashana Lynch, briefly 007 in \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20210928-five-stars-for-no-time-to-die\"\u003ENo Time to Die\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, and John Boyega also star in the historical epic. Black Panther proved there's a hunger for African heroes, and director Gina Prince-Bythewood is experienced at both character portraits (the classic relationship film \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200420-love-and-basketball-the-sports-film-we-need-to-watch-now\"\u003ELove and Basketball\u003C\u002Fa\u003E) and action (the 2020 superhero movie The Old Guard with Charlize Theron). (CJ)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReleased in the US and Canada on 16 September\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESpider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse (Part One)\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOne of the most innovative of all superhero films, Spider-Man: Into The Spider-Verse pioneered its own pop-art visual style, and introduced the film world to the concept of different Spider-Men (Spider-Mans?) in alternate universes – a concept that has since been borrowed by Marvel's live-action \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-film-review-five-stars-for-spider-man-no-way-home\"\u003ESpider-Man: No Way Home\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. It's unlikely that the sequel will be quite as inventive, but, as the sub-title suggests, Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse (Part One) is the first episode in a two-part story, which makes it a rarity in the world of animated films. Once again masterminded by creators of The Lego Movie Phil Lord and Christopher Miller, the film unites such Spider-People as Miles Morales (Shameik Moore), Peter B Parker (Jake Johnson), Gwen Stacy (Hailee Steinfeld) and the Spider-Man of the year 2099 (Oscar Isaac). (NB)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReleased internationally on 7 October\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe Unbearable Weight of Massive Talent\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENicolas Cage gets the role of a life, actually, his lifetime, playing a fictional version of Nicolas Cage in this tongue-in-cheek action comedy. Fictional Nic accepts a $1 million payday to make a personal appearance at a fan's birthday party in Spain, a move that somehow comes to involve Tiffany Haddish as a CIA agent. Cage has always been savvy about his image and has a winning sense of humour about his career, which veers between respected performances, as in last year's drama Pig, and... let's just say a lot of over-the-top stuff. The Unbearable Weight promises to make references to plenty of his movies, so there is one safe bet: no film this year will be more meta. (CJ)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReleased internationally on 22 April\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220106-22-films-to-watch-in-2022-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bfqm64"],"imageAlignment":"left","imageAltText":"Still from The Unbearable Weight of Massive Talent","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220106-22-films-to-watch-in-2022-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe Worst Person in the World\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIf you're lucky, you can get through your 20s with none of the restrictions you had as a child, and none of the responsibilities which come later. But what should you do with all that freedom? It's a question that puzzles Julie (Renate Reinsve) in Joachim Trier's bittersweet romantic comedy drama, The Worst Person in the World. Divided into 12 chapters, this generational character study follows Julie through her early adulthood in Oslo as she tries to decide which job and which man are right for her. According to viewers who have seen it at festivals and preview screenings, The Worst Person in the World is one of the Best Films in the World. It currently has a score of 100% on Rotten Tomatoes, Barack Obama included it on his list of favourite movies of 2021, and the luminous Reinsve won the best actress prize at Cannes. (NB)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReleased in the US on 4 February 2022\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDon't Worry Darling\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis psychological thriller has been garnering tabloid and internet headlines for months, thanks to the relationship between director Oliva Wilde, and one of its stars, popstar Harry Styles. What's on screen is likely to be much more fascinating, though. The ever-surprising Florence Pugh – of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20191216-why-little-women-is-a-triumph\"\u003ELittle Women\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20190702-midsommar-and-the-blinding-terror-of-daylight-horror\"\u003EMidsommar\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20210629-film-review-four-stars-for-exciting-black-widow\"\u003EBlack Widow\u003C\u002Fa\u003E – transforms herself yet again, into a 1950s housewife in a utopian community who begins to suspect that her world and her husband (Styles) are concealing dark secrets. Wilde, who sharply directed the very different coming-of-age comedy \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20190509-film-review-booksmart\"\u003EBooksmart\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, has \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.vogue.com\u002Farticle\u002Folivia-wilde-cover-january-2022\"\u003Etold Vogue\u003C\u002Fa\u003E that films like Fatal Attraction and Indecent Proposal were among her inspirations here because they \"are really sexy, in a grown-up way\". That would certainly set her film apart in a world of superheroes. (CJ)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReleased internationally in on 23 September\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EShe Said\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003EJournalists are the heroines here, with Carey Mulligan and Zoe Kazan playing the New York Times investigative reporters who unearthed the news about Harvey Weinstein, the one-time movie mogul now serving time in prison for rape and sexual assault. The woman behind the camera is as impressive as the stars, if less famous: Maria Schrader, recognisable as an actress (Deutschland 83) is also the Emmy-winning director of the Netflix series Unorthodox and the director of the Oscar-shortlisted comedy I'm Your Man. She should bring a sharp-eyed style and astute social awareness to the story that helped launch #MeToo. (CJ)\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003EReleased in the US on 18 November\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBabylon\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDamien Chazelle's love of Hollywood's golden age shone through his Oscar-nominated musical comedy, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20160901-oscar-glory-predicted-for-the-glorious-la-la-land\"\u003ELa La Land\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Now the writer-director is sharing that love again in Babylon, a glamorous period drama that takes place in the roaring 20s. Specifically, the film is set at the end of the silent era, much like Singin' In The Rain and The Artist, and it mixes fictional characters with historical figures, much like \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20190522-cannes-2019-review-once-upon-a-time-in-hollywood\"\u003EOnce Upon a Time in Hollywood\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. It also shares two of its stars with Once Upon a Time in Hollywood: Brad Pitt plays a fictional director who has trouble adjusting to the new sound technology, and Margot Robbie plays Clara Bow, the real-life so-called \"It Girl\" who was a colossal box-office draw in both the silents and the talkies. (NB)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReleased on 25 December\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220106-22-films-to-watch-in-2022-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bfqlx7"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Still from Top Gun: Maverick","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220106-22-films-to-watch-in-2022-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETop Gun: Maverick\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOK, so this belated Top Gun sequel was on our list of films to watch in 2021, and before that it was scheduled to come out in 2020, but we're still optimistic that lovers of supersonic aerobatics will finally get what they've been waiting for this year, shortly before Tom Cruise's 60th birthday. It was back in 1986 that Cruise last played Pete \"Maverick\" Mitchell, a trainee fighter pilot in the US Navy. Can anyone really believe that, all these years later, Maverick would only be a captain while his old frenemy \"Iceman\" (Val Kilmer) would be a four-star general? Maybe not, but it should be fun to see Cruise in his Aviator shades and bomber jacket once again, alongside such new recruits to the series as Jennifer Connelly, Jon Hamm, Ed Harris and Miles Teller. Cruise fans take note: Mission: Impossible 7 is due in September, too. (NB)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReleased internationally on 27 May\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAvatar 2\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere are two things we know about James Cameron: he can't be rushed, and he loves the ocean. Those qualities come together in Avatar 2, the first of a whopping four planned sequels to his 2009 spectacle, the highest-grossing movie of all time. The new film returns to the planet of Pandora, where blue-skinned Neytiri (Zoe Saldana) and her human husband Jake (Sam Worthington) are now parents, and Earthlings still haven't solved the climate crisis. Most of the action takes place underwater and was shot in a 900,000-gallon tank. The Avatar sequels have been in the works for a decade, but Cameron's water-logged hits, Titanic and The Abyss, also arrived behind schedule, and it all turned out just fine. (CJ)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReleased internationally (so they say) on 16 December\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ELightyear\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBuzz Lightyear has been central to four Toy Story feature films, his own TV series, and various animated shorts. This year, the square-jawed Space Ranger is getting a film of his own – sort of. The idea is that the Buzz Lightyear in Toy Story was a plastic action figure, whereas the new animation – a homage to the sci-fi films of the 1970s and 1980s – is the big-budget adventure movie which that action figure was based on. It's a slightly confusing concept, but it lets director Angus MacLane (co-director of Finding Dory) and screenwriter Pete Docter (Soul, Up, Inside Out) bring back a beloved character while giving his interstellar scrapes a new look, a more serious tone, and a fresh voice: Chris Evans rather than Tim Allen is the actor who'll be shouting, \"To infinity – and beyond!\" (NB)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReleased internationally on 17 June\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EElvis\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt's been almost a decade since the release of Baz Luhrmann's The Great Gatsby, but the Australian writer-director of Strictly Ballroom, Romeo + Juliet, and Moulin Rouge! is back at last. Never one to shy away from a big, risky project, Luhrmann has made an Elvis Presley biopic that chronicles 20 years in the life of The King of Rock ’n’ Roll. Austin Butler – an uncanny lookalike – has the title role, alongside Olivia DeJonge as Elvis's wife Priscilla and Tom Hanks as his manager, \"Colonel\" Tom Parker, the Dutch carnival worker who reinvented himself as an all-American impresario. Don't be surprised if Luhrmann indulges his addiction to loud music and splashy spectacle in the Las Vegas scenes – and don't be surprised if Hanks is nominated for an Oscar in 2023. (NB)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReleased on 24 June\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220106-22-films-to-watch-in-2022-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bfqwq4"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Ana de Armas","imageOrientation":"square","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220106-22-films-to-watch-in-2022-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBlonde\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt's Ana de Armas's turn to put on the platinum wig as Marilyn Monroe, whose allure for novelists and filmmakers seems inexhaustible. Blonde is based on Joyce Carol Oates' 2000 novel that takes us inside the mind of Monroe, now known to the world as the neediest, sexiest and most tragically-exploited movie star of the 1950s and '60s. Writer-director Andrew Dominick, who made the underrated Brad Pitt Western The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford, follows Oates' lead in coyly nicknaming Marilyn's husbands. Adrien Brody's character, Arthur Miller, is called only The Playwright. Bobby Cannavale, the Joe DiMaggio figure, is The Ex-Athlete. IMDb also lists a character called President's Pimp, so there may be room for surprises even in this often-told story. (CJ)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReleased in 2022\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBlack Panther: Wakanda Forever\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EChadwick Boseman wasn't just the star of Black Panther, he \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20201214-chadwick-boseman-a-film-icon-who-changed-hollywood\"\u003Ewas an inspirational figure who revolutionised Hollywood's representation of African and African-American character\u003C\u002Fa\u003Es. Shortly after he \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.co.uk\u002Fnews\u002Fworld-us-canada-53955912\"\u003Edied of cancer\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in August 2020, Marvel's boss, Kevin Feige, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.co.uk\u002Fnews\u002Fentertainment-arts-55272409\"\u003Eannounced that no one else could play T'Challa\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, aka Black Panther, and so the character wouldn't be recast for further films. This left Ryan Coogler, the director and co-writer, with a fearsomely difficult task: how to make a satisfying \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20180206-black-panther-the-most-radical-hollywood-blockbuster-ever\"\u003EBlack Panther\u003C\u002Fa\u003E sequel without the franchise's lead actor and lead character. All we know for certain is that nearly all of the previous film's cast and crew will return, including Lupita Nyong'o as T'Challa's ex-girlfriend and Letitia Wright as his sister Shuri. In the comics, Shuri took on the mantle of the Black Panther while her brother was in a coma, so could something similar happen in the film? (NB)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReleased on 11 November\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EKnives Out 2\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESame private detective: Daniel Craig as Benoit Blanc, the sleuth with the cartoonishly over-the-top accent from some indeterminate part of the American South. Different murder mystery: this time set in Greece, with a new cast including Edward Norton, Janelle Monáe and Dave Bautista. Same writer and director: Rian Johnson, but much richer. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com\u002Fmovies\u002Fmovie-news\u002Fknives-out-sequels-the-whodunit-behind-netflixs-469-million-power-play-4161957\u002F\"\u003ENetflix made a deal reportedly\u003C\u002Fa\u003E for $469 million (including production budget) for two sequels to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20190911-toronto-international-film-festival-review-knives-out\"\u003EJohnson's 2019 hit\u003C\u002Fa\u003E that evoked the classic board game Cluedo (or Clue, if you're in North America). Whodunnits come and go, but Craig's Blanc is an original, witty confection of a character, an engaging parody that still allows you to be invested in his crime-fighting. (CJ)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReleased in 2022, possibly with an updated title\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ELove film and TV? Join \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fgroups\u002F440074069852291\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EBBC Culture Film and TV Club\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E on Facebook, a community for cinephiles all over the world.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220106-22-films-to-watch-in-2022-11"}],"collection":["culture\u002Fcolumn\u002Ffilm"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2022-01-07T00:00:10Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","headlineLong":"22 films to watch in 2022","headlineShort":"22 films to watch in 2022","image":["p0bfqlpz"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Still from The Northman","isSyndicated":false,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2021-08-25T12:48:44.837297Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"6183c2c945ceed0d2f73335b"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"From a psychological thriller starring Harry Styles and Florence Pugh, to Robert Pattinson as The Batman, and sequels to Avatar and Knives Out, our critics pick 2022's best releases.","summaryShort":"Including The Batman and a Buzz Lightyear origin story","tag":null,"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2022-01-07T00:00:08.990054Z","entity":"article","guid":"4c0a0246-82a7-4586-8bbc-b9ad409f04e0","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220106-22-films-to-watch-in-2022","modifiedDateTime":"2022-01-07T00:00:08.990054Z","project":"culture","slug":"20220106-22-films-to-watch-in-2022","cacheLastUpdated":1642221620936},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220105-the-underrated-genius-of-david-bowies-acting":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220105-the-underrated-genius-of-david-bowies-acting","_id":"61d6311a45ceed43b339f7a3","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["culture\u002Fauthor\u002Frachel-pronger"],"bodyIntro":"As we approach the 75th anniversary of Bowie's birth, we explore his unpredictable film roles. Every part he played was 'in conversation with his many alter egos', argues Rachel Pronger.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EOne of the many pioneering elements of David Bowie's career was his commitment to the visual. For Bowie, sound and vision went hand in hand. His many star personas – Ziggy Stardust, Aladdin Sane, Major Tom – each came with their own fully realised aesthetic worlds, costumes, make-up and artwork that were as instantly recognisable as the music itself. Long before the advent of MTV, Bowie was making short films to promote his music, and he would go on to push the boundaries of the form with iconic videos such as Ashes to Ashes. Indeed, Bowie's final gift to the world came in filmic form – the video for his last single \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.co.uk\u002Fnews\u002Fav\u002Fentertainment-arts-35278855\"\u003ELazarus\u003C\u002Fa\u003E was released on 7 January 2016, just three days before his death.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMore like this:\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20211214-my-own-private-idaho-the-cult-90s-film-that-blazed-a-trail\"\u003EThe cult 90s film that blazed a trail\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-dont-look-up-the-fiction-that-reflects-our-greatest-fear\"\u003EStories that reflect our oldest fear\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20210106-the-photos-that-made-david-bowie-an-icon\"\u003EThe photos that made Bowie an icon\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt's unsurprising that this most mercurial of artists, with his visual sensibility and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20170907-david-bowie-fashion-and-the-art-of-reinvention\"\u003Emany alter-egos\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, would be drawn to film. Yet, while Bowie's legendary status in music is beyond question, quantifying his contribution to cinema as an actor is more complicated. In the three decades between The Man Who Fell to Earth (1976) and The Prestige (2006), Bowie appeared in dozens of films but – despite that span of credits – only a few of these roles came close to making the most of his talent. When we leave aside the many cameos – of which the uncontested \u003Cem\u003Ecrème de le crème\u003C\u002Fem\u003E is Bowie solemnly adjudicating a runway walk-off in Zoolander – and the forgettable flops – the less said about Just a Gigolo, the better – we are left with only a handful of performances. Yet those acting roles that did manage to effectively exploit Bowie's gifts are easily enough to secure his status as a cinema icon. When matched with an inventive director, Bowie could be an unforgettable screen presence.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220105-the-underrated-genius-of-david-bowies-acting-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bfdqrb"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Labyrinth","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220105-the-underrated-genius-of-david-bowies-acting-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EFrom the start of his career, Bowie was an artist who often turned to cinema for inspiration. Whether referencing Stanley Kubrick on Space Oddity, posing like Greta Garbo on the cover of Hunky Dory or channelling German expressionism as the Thin White Duke, Bowie was constantly drawing on film iconography in his music. Filmmakers quickly identified his potential as a subject, with documentaries such as DA Pennebaker's Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars (1979) and Alan Yentob's Cracked Actor (1975) capturing spectacular live performances and intimate behind-the-scenes footage.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECracked Actor depicts Bowie at the height of his 1970s fame, rattled by cocaine, and driven to the brink of sanity by the pressures of stardom. It was this image of a strung-out Bowie driving around LA in the back of a limousine that inspired Nicolas Roeg to cast the musician in his first major film role. The Man Who Fell to Earth is the story of Thomas Newton, an alien on a rescue mission from his home planet who crash-lands on Earth and ends up stranded in the New Mexico desert. Disguised as a human, Newton attempts to raise money for a new spaceship by selling alien technologies but soon becomes corrupted by human vices.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220105-the-underrated-genius-of-david-bowies-acting-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Without Bowie, The Man Who Fell to Earth would be an intriguing curio; with him, it becomes a classic","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220105-the-underrated-genius-of-david-bowies-acting-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EBy 1975, Roeg had already established his reputation with arthouse landmarks such as Walkabout and Don't Look Now. The Man Who Fell to Earth brought together one of the most interesting directors of the 1970s with the decade's defining popstar, and the result is a trippy triumph. Like Bowie's music, the film mashes up genres – sci-fi, political thriller, romance – and channels the counter-cultural mood of the time to create something bracingly new. With a fragmented, often confusing narrative, it's a genuinely risky film that feels as if it could crash land at any moment, but which is held together by a magnetic central performance. Without Bowie, The Man Who Fell to Earth would be an intriguing curio; with him, it becomes a classic.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220105-the-underrated-genius-of-david-bowies-acting-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bfdqgr"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"The Prestige","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220105-the-underrated-genius-of-david-bowies-acting-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EPart of Bowie's power lies in his astonishing physical presence. Pale and emaciated, with streaks of red hair falling into mismatched eyes, Bowie requires little make-up to convince as an alien in disguise. A series of retro costumes – wide fedoras, loose high-waisted trousers, tight white T-shirts – draw out his androgynous beauty and emphasise Newton's genderless nature. That blurring of gender boundaries is reflected too in Bowie's frail physicality and delicate movements. Bowie's Newton moves initially with the faltering steps of someone learning to walk again. When he collapses in a hotel lift, chambermaid and future lover Cindy Lou (Candy Clarke) scoops him into her arms, and carries him to bed as if he weighs nothing at all.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut there is more to this performance than a dazzling surface. In the throes of his addiction, Bowie was in a fragile mental state during the shoot, and his sense of dissociation is perhaps part of what makes him so frighteningly credible as a stranded alien. At times, as Bowie oscillates between sweet helplessness and terrifying volatility, it feels more like a possession than a performance. Scenes in which Newton succumbs to addiction, sitting before a wall of wailing televisions or stirring his drinks with a gun, crackle with manic energy. The final image of Newton slumped in his seat, just another drunk with nowhere to go, is devastating.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy casting Bowie, Roeg encourages us to blur the boundaries between character and performer, and in doing so draws out new layers of meaning. Newton, adrift in cowboy country with a London accent and British papers, is an alien in several senses. It's possible to read the film as a straight sci-fi, but also as a metaphor for the outsider status of the immigrant, for the loneliness of genius or for the isolation of celebrity. Much of Bowie's art feels like it comes from another planet but, as his tender performance demonstrates, to be exceptional can be alienating.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220105-the-underrated-genius-of-david-bowies-acting-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bfdphh"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Basquiat","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220105-the-underrated-genius-of-david-bowies-acting-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn The Man Who Fell to Earth, Roeg set the template that would define Bowie's film career. All of his most successful screen performances share certain hallmarks – an unusually imaginative director, a role as an exceptional outsider, a blurring between star persona and character. Music critics tend to praise Bowie's chameleonic quality, his ability to switch from extra-terrestrial rock to blue-eyed soul to polished pop in the blink of an eye. Yet as an actor, Bowie was no chameleon – instead of disappearing into his roles, he floated above them, always a level removed. This distance meant that every part Bowie played was inevitably in conversation with his many alter egos, and with the nature of fame itself.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EReality and performance\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBowie's most effective performances tap into that meta-commentary. An example of this is his brief but memorable appearance as Andy Warhol in Julian Schnabel's biopic Basquiat (1996). Based on Schnabel's friendship with the artist Jean-Michel Basquiat, the film is full of characters modelled on real people from the 1980s New York art scene. In real life, Warhol was a hero of Bowie's – there's a song dedicated to him on Hunky Dory – and the two had crossed paths at parties. By casting Bowie, Schnabel has one legendary artist disguise themselves as another, and in doing so taps into the same ideas about fame that defined Warhol's art. Bowie delivers a delightfully ironic turn, peering out from beneath a silver shock wig (taken from Warhol's real-life wig collection), his lip curled in constant amusement. In a film that sometimes takes itself too seriously, Bowie delivers a dose of wry camp, playfully exposing the shallow nature of artworld celebrity and once again blurring the boundaries between reality and performance.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220105-the-underrated-genius-of-david-bowies-acting-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"In The Hunger, Bowie's creature of the night is exquisitely stylish and devastatingly sexy","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220105-the-underrated-genius-of-david-bowies-acting-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EOn a similar wavelength, but even better, is Bowie's supporting role as the inventor Nikola Tesla in Christopher Nolan's tricksy period thriller The Prestige (2006)\u003Cem\u003E. \u003C\u002Fem\u003ETesla was another famous maverick, a Serbian-born pioneer of electronic engineering who died in 1943 after a troubled but influential life. In Bowie's interpretation, Tesla becomes a kind of real-life twin to Thomas Newton, a displaced genius who teases the boundary between magic and science – and is ultimately destroyed by the greed of those who surround him. Like Newton, Bowie's Tesla arrives with a bang, appearing apparently from nowhere in a cloud of sparks. Bowie's occasionally extravagant performance – all lustrous moustache and lilting, indeterminate accent – is tempered by a core of vulnerability that grounds this archetypal mad scientist in poignant reality.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220105-the-underrated-genius-of-david-bowies-acting-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bfdr7t"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"The Hunger","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220105-the-underrated-genius-of-david-bowies-acting-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe same otherworldly quality that makes Bowie's takes on Warhol and Tesla so successful, is also used to beguiling effect in two 1980s cult classics. Jim Henson's fantasy \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20160621-why-labyrinth-is-so-memorable\"\u003ELabyrinth\u003C\u002Fa\u003E (1986) was a commercial disappointment on first release but has since become a cult favourite. Bowie's justifiably much-loved performance as the Goblin King is key to the film's appeal. Resplendent in bejewelled blouses, outrageously tight trousers and a shocking wig that tops even Warhol's, Bowie relishes the opportunity to play the villain. On his own terms, Henson was himself something of a genius, and like Roeg he delivers a series of memorable images that capitalise on his star's incandescent charisma. Bowie's Jareth fizzes with mischievous magic, as he materialises like a shimmering apparition in an open window or strides upside-down across rotating Escher-indebted stairways.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETony Scott's uneven The Hunger (1983) is less satisfying overall but does offer the tantalising prospect of Bowie as one half of a stylish vampire couple alongside Catherine Deneuve. The Hunger came out immediately after the release of Bowie's phenomenally successful Let’s Dance album, and the role offers a goth twist on his slickly handsome 80s pop persona. Bowie's creature of the night is exquisitely stylish and devastatingly sexy, prowling blue-lit Manhattan nightclubs in sunglasses searching for his next fix. The film is worth watching for Bowie's elegantly unhinged performance and for its moments of delirious excess, such as an exhilarating opening sequence in which Bowie and Deneuve procure a couple of hipsters for dinner to an unsettling Bauhaus soundtrack.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the same year that Bowie went full goth in The Hunger, he also delivered one of his most substantial and grounded performances. In Nagisa Ōshima's Merry Christmas, Mr Lawrence (1983), Bowie stars as Major Celliers, a soldier serving in Java during World War Two, who is captured and sent to a brutal Japanese prison camp. In confinement, Celliers becomes a leadership figure for his fellow prisoners and an object of obsession for the camp's commander Captain Yonoi (Ryuichi Sakamoto).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220105-the-underrated-genius-of-david-bowies-acting-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bfdpyh"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Merry Christmas, Mr Lawrence","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220105-the-underrated-genius-of-david-bowies-acting-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn many ways, this is Bowie's straightest performance. Tanned and movie-star handsome, aside from his endearingly crooked British teeth, Bowie's Celliers initially embodies dignified masculine power. Yet, as is always the case with his best performances, Bowie brings to the surface a subversive subtext, drawing out the queerness that lies beneath many war-movie tropes. As the film progresses, Celliers infuriates his captors with increasingly transgressive acts of rebellion, showing his contempt for authority through flamboyant performances, singing songs, collecting flowers and even by kissing Yonoi. By casting Bowie alongside fellow musician Sakamoto (a legendary popstar in his own right), Ōshima presents us with a face-off between two titans of 20th-Century music. The homoerotic tension between the pair culminates in an ambiguous moment when, having sentenced Celliers to be buried alive, Yanoi visits the condemned man to cut a lock of his hair, like a fan or a lover would. The film's climactic image of Celliers buried neck-deep in the sand, his hair bleached by the blazing sun, is an arresting tableau fit for an album cover.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the aftermath of the star's death, such indelible images have gained new significance. Bowie's death robbed us of future music, but it also took away the possibility of more film roles, of more opportunities for this most unusual of artists to enchant and surprise us at the cinema. Not all of Bowie's roles were worthy of his talent, but those that were have at least left us with some kind of compensation. The Starman may be gone, but some element of his extraordinary charisma will always remain, a glittering after-image burned forever on to the silver screen.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwhatson.bfi.org.uk\u002FOnline\u002Fdefault.asp?BOparam::WScontent::loadArticle::permalink=davidbowie&BOparam::WScontent::loadArticle::context_id=&gclid=CjwKCAiAzrWOBhBjEiwAq85QZzyklusZ_Vc51WtnRZ1RbMrxVu0iJXNAwQuk1XtNPgnZlSgzSOzZThoCJlYQAvD_BwE\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003EBowie: Starman and the Silver Screen\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E is at BFI Southbank, London, until the end of January, with select films available to stream on \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fplayer.bfi.org.uk\u002Fsubscription\u002Fcollection\u002Fdavid-bowie\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003EBFI Player\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ELove film and TV? Join \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fgroups\u002F440074069852291\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EBBC Culture Film and TV Club\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E on Facebook, a community for cinephiles all over the world.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220105-the-underrated-genius-of-david-bowies-acting-14"}],"collection":["culture\u002Fcolumn\u002Ffilm"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2022-01-06T00:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","headlineLong":"The underrated genius of David Bowie's acting","headlineShort":"The underrated genius of Bowie's acting","image":["p0bfds1g"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"The Man Who fell to Earth","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2021-08-25T12:48:44.837297Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"6183c2c945ceed0d2f73335b"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"The Man who Fell to Earth","promoImage":["p0bfdrgd"],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Ffilm-history"],"summaryLong":"As we approach the 75th anniversary of Bowie's birth, we explore his film roles. Every part he played was 'in conversation with his many alter egos', argues Rachel Pronger.","summaryShort":"Why the star's screen legacy is as remarkable as his music","tag":["tag\u002Ffilm-history"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2022-01-06T00:00:17.500397Z","entity":"article","guid":"d0642399-5883-4364-aad3-22f2338dc2d3","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220105-the-underrated-genius-of-david-bowies-acting","modifiedDateTime":"2022-01-14T17:34:48.104785Z","project":"culture","slug":"20220105-the-underrated-genius-of-david-bowies-acting","cacheLastUpdated":1642221620936},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220104-nine-tv-shows-to-watch-this-january":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220104-nine-tv-shows-to-watch-this-january","_id":"61d4df9b45ceed4f15501941","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["culture\u002Fauthor\u002Famy-charles"],"bodyIntro":"From the glitzy The Gilded Age to a James Gunn prequel series to The Suicide Squad and a darkly comic psychological thriller, Amy Charles picks the series not to miss this January.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"infographic","image":["p0bf8h9f"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Still from The Gilded Age","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220104-nine-tv-shows-to-watch-this-january-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe Gilded Age\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECreator of Downton Abbey Julian Fellowes has turned his attention to late-19th Century New York for another period drama examining the complex minutiae of high society, and the potential pitfalls it faces as the world changes. The Gilded Age begins with Marian Brook (played by daughter of Meryl Streep, Louisa Jacobson), moving to New York City from Pennsylvania, to live with her aunts (played by Cynthia Nixon and Christine Baranski). This pair are as old money as it comes, and become embroiled in a social war with their neighbours the Russells (Morgan Spector and Carrie Coon), a nouveau riche couple who made money through the railways. The cast is stacked with Broadway stars including Denée Benton, Nathan Lane and Audra McDonald, and from \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=wKj1cMz3yfI\"\u003Ethe trailer\u003C\u002Fa\u003E this show looks to be just as soapy, escapist and glamorous as Downton, but this time with not one, but two wise-cracking old-school matriarchs.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Gilded Age premieres on 24 January on HBO and HBO Max in the US, and on 25 January on Sky Atlantic and Now TV in the UK.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220104-nine-tv-shows-to-watch-this-january-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bf8gys"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Still from Archive 81","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220104-nine-tv-shows-to-watch-this-january-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EArchive 81\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELoosely based on the horror podcast of the same name, Archive 81 is a supernatural thriller with convergent timelines. Archivist Dan Turner (Mamoudou Athie, The Circle), who has a tragic past, is restoring damaged videotapes, which feature an investigation into a cult that was filmed in the mid-90s at the behest of a secretive businessman. The filmmaker Melody Pendras (Dina Shihabi, Tom Clancy's Jack Ryan) came to a grisly end 25 years ago, and in the process of working on the tapes, Dan comes to believe he can save her. Matt McGorry (Orange is the New Black) and Martin Donovan (Tenet, Big Little Lies) co-star.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EArchive 81 is released on 14 January on Netflix.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220104-nine-tv-shows-to-watch-this-january-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bf8hcy"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Still from Peacemaker","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220104-nine-tv-shows-to-watch-this-january-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPeacemaker\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWritten and directed by The Suicide Squad director James Gunn, this new HBO series zones in on one of the members of the supervillain crew, played by John Cena, and tells his origin story. As his name suggests, Peacemaker is obsessed with keeping the peace, no matter how many people are hurt in order to achieve it. The \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=hgR0skiaVSo\"\u003Etrailer\u003C\u002Fa\u003E suggests that viewers should expect to see a lot more of Gunn's trademark irreverence, as well as the high-octane, violent action sequences seen in The Suicide Squad. However in \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com\u002Fmovies\u002Fmovie-features\u002Fsuicide-squad-james-gunn-peacemaker-guardians-3-1234993608\u002F\"\u003Ean interview with The Hollywood Reporter\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, Gunn said that while \"there are a lot of similarities to The Suicide Squad … there are also a lot of things that are very different, in that it's quieter in some ways… it's even more grounded, more natural and more real. But it's still within a big science-fiction storyline.\" The rest of the cast includes Danielle Brooks (Orange is the New Black), Freddie Stroma (Bridgerton), and Robert Patrick, best remembered as Terminator 2's shape-shifting bad guy, who plays Auggie, Peacemaker's plain-speaking and never-satisfied father.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPeacemaker premieres on 13 January on HBO Max in the US.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220104-nine-tv-shows-to-watch-this-january-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bf8glt"],"imageAlignment":"left","imageAltText":"Still from The Afterparty","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220104-nine-tv-shows-to-watch-this-january-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe Afterparty\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn this new comedy-thriller, a high-school reunion goes very, very wrong when, amongst the frivolity and excess of reuniting with old friends and foes, a murder is committed. The host, almost universally disliked popstar Xavier (Dave Franco) is found dead, and Detective Danner (Tiffany Haddish) is tasked with uncovering who killed him; making it more high-concept is the fact that each episode will show the night from the perspective of a different partygoer while using a different film genre that matches the particular characters' personality. The cast is packed with great comic actors including Sam Richardson, Zoë Chao, Ben Schwartz, Ike Barinholtz, Ilana Glazer and Jamie Demetriou. In a statement when the teaser trailer was released, co-creators Chris Miller and Phil Lord (The Lego Movie, Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse) said \"This is one of the most surprising, original and fun projects we've ever made… Our goal was to tell a comedic whodunnit story in a new and exciting way.\" Watch the trailer \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=BGG2H3DN_II\"\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Afterparty premiers on 28 January on Apple TV+.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220104-nine-tv-shows-to-watch-this-january-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bf8h2s"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Still from Around the World in 80 Days","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220104-nine-tv-shows-to-watch-this-january-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAround the World in 80 Days\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWarm up the wintry evenings with this joyous adaptation of Jules Verne's classic novel, which travels the globe in magnificent period fashion. Starring David Tennant (Doctor Who) as Phileas Fogg, this family-friendly adventure feels perfect for now. Set in 1872, it begins with the eccentric Fogg making a £20,000 (the equivalent of over a million pounds today) bet that he can circumnavigate the globe in the titular time limit. Tagging along is French valet Passepartout (Ibrahim Koma), and young journalist Abigail 'Fix' Fortescue (Leonie Benesch) who is documenting his progress for a British newspaper. Created by Life on Mars' Ashley Pharoah and with a score co-written by Hans Zimmer, it is \"big television\" that \"zips around the planet\", as the Guardian put it – and with \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdeadline.com\u002F2021\u002F11\u002Faround-the-world-in-80-days-second-season-producers-developing-journey-to-the-centre-of-the-earth-series-1234881229\u002F\"\u003Ea second series already confirmed\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, it's certainly worth hopping on and enjoying the ride. Watch the trailer \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=ouxJM4Zd5a4\"\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAround the World in 80 Days is available on PBS Masterpiece in the US, BBC iPlayer in the UK, France 2 in France and ZDF in Germany.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220104-nine-tv-shows-to-watch-this-january-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bf8h6g"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Still from As We See It","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220104-nine-tv-shows-to-watch-this-january-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAs We See It\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\"I've spent my entire life trying to hide the autism thing,\" Jack, (Rick Glassman, Undateable), tells his helper Mandy in \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=H_JA2JXM25Y\"\u003Ethe trailer\u003C\u002Fa\u003E for new series As We See It. \"I think you are such a beautiful person that you shouldn't have to hide who you are,\" Mandy (Sosie Bacon, Mare of Easttown) replies. \"That makes me want to throw up,\" retorts Jack. It's an exchange that seems to give some idea about the irreverent approach to neurodiversity of this coming-of-age comedy drama following three twenty-somethings, all of whom are on the autistic spectrum, as they navigate work, friendships and love in the modern world. Centring on Jack, Harrison (Albert Rutecki) and Violet (Sue Ann Pien), each played by actors who identify as living on the autistic spectrum, it's based on the award-winning Israeli series On the Spectrum, and could help to redress \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Ffilm\u002F2021\u002Fjan\u002F27\u002Fsias-film-music-misrepresents-autistic-people-it-could-also-do-us-damage\"\u003Ethe tired tropes\u003C\u002Fa\u003E used to depict in the autistic community in previous films and TV series.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs We See It is released on 21 January on Prime Video.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220104-nine-tv-shows-to-watch-this-january-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bf8hgn"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Poster for The Journalist","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220104-nine-tv-shows-to-watch-this-january-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe Journalist\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs Netflix \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdecider.com\u002F2021\u002F12\u002F21\u002Fnetflix-non-english-language-squid-game-money-heist\u002F\"\u003Econtinues to invest\u003C\u002Fa\u003E more and more in content from all corners of the globe, this new Japanese series, which tackles globally relevant issues of political corruption, could be the latest non-English language show to hit big on the platform. Based on the award-winning 2019 film of the same name, and created by its writer-director Michihito Fujii, it stars Ryoko Yonekura (Doctor X) as Anna, the titular reporter searching for the truth as she embarks on a major investigation that could implicate people in the highest echelons of power.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Journalist is released on 13 January on Netflix.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220104-nine-tv-shows-to-watch-this-january-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bf8ht3"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Still from The Woman in the House Across the Street from the Girl in the Window","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220104-nine-tv-shows-to-watch-this-january-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe Woman in the House Across the Street from the Girl in the Window\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOver the last few years, the books market became flooded with murder mysteries with unreliable female narrators. Then came the film and TV adaptations of the same novels; you know the ones: The Girl on the Train, Gone Girl, Woman in the Window, the list goes on. Now, The Woman in the House Across the Street from the Girl in the Window puts a darkly parodic spin on this sub-genre, with The Good Place's Kristen Bell taking on the leading role as Anna, who heartbroken and living alone, and with a habit of drinking very, very large glasses of wine, witnesses a murder – or so she thinks. The result is a psychological thriller with laughs: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Few.com\u002Ftv\u002Fkristen-bell-woman-in-the-house-preview\u002F\"\u003Espeaking to Entertainment Weekly\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, Bell said of reading the script for the first time \"It was like nothing I'd ever heard before, and it made me laugh… It was so outside the box and absurd that I knew I had to be involved.\" Watch the trailer \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=vik0kdPIxF8\"\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Woman in the House Across the Street from the Girl in the Window is released on 28 January on Netflix.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220104-nine-tv-shows-to-watch-this-january-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bf8hn2"],"imageAlignment":"left","imageAltText":"Still from The Tourist","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220104-nine-tv-shows-to-watch-this-january-16"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe Tourist\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFifty Shades of Grey star Jamie Dornan is the charismatic lynchpin of this gripping six-parter set in the Australian outback. As it begins, his character, simply known as The Man, is driving across the desert and realises he's being pursued by an enormous truck. After being driven off the road, he then wakes up in hospital, with absolutely no idea who he is. Helen, a police officer played by Danielle Macdonald (Patti Cake$), is determined to help him rediscover his identity, but as The Man and his companions search for the truth, others search for him. Written and executive produced by TV thriller maestros Jack and Harry Williams (The Missing, Baptiste, Liar), it has received acclaim from critics including The Guardian's Lucy Mangan who wrote that \"it's well worth watching this fun, stylish and confident caper, which clearly still has numerous twists up its sleeve and characters to play with.\" Watch the trailer \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fwatch?v=oIjbxpFvAzs\"\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Tourist is available on BBC iPlayer in the UK.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ELove film and TV? Join \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fgroups\u002F440074069852291\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBBC Culture Film and TV Club\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E on Facebook, a community for cinephiles all over the world.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220104-nine-tv-shows-to-watch-this-january-17"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2022-01-05T00:00:42Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","headlineLong":"Nine TV shows to watch this January","headlineShort":"Nine TV shows to watch this January","image":["p0bf8gvm"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Still from The Afterparty","isSyndicated":false,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2021-08-25T12:48:44.837297Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"6183c2c945ceed0d2f73335b"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"From the glitzy The Gilded Age to a James Gunn prequel series to The Suicide Squad and a darkly comic psychological thriller, Amy Charles picks the series not to miss this January.","summaryShort":"Including an American Downton Abbey and a Rashomon-style comedy murder mystery","tag":["tag\u002Ftelevision"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2022-01-05T00:00:20.023586Z","entity":"article","guid":"5334216d-5193-4acc-b507-44ab8f60cafd","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20220104-nine-tv-shows-to-watch-this-january","modifiedDateTime":"2022-01-05T00:00:20.023586Z","project":"culture","slug":"20220104-nine-tv-shows-to-watch-this-january","cacheLastUpdated":1642221620937},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-dont-look-up-the-fiction-that-reflects-our-greatest-fear":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-dont-look-up-the-fiction-that-reflects-our-greatest-fear","_id":"61bfce9145ceed25085f89c1","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["culture\u002Fauthor\u002Fdorian-lynskey"],"bodyIntro":"Adam McKay's star-filled apocalyptic disaster comedy is the latest in a centuries-old genre of fiction about threats from space, writes Dorian Lynskey.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESometimes publicity falls out of the sky. On 24 November, just a couple of weeks before Adam McKay's apocalyptic disaster comedy Don't Look Up opened in cinemas, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.co.uk\u002Fnews\u002Fscience-environment-59327293\"\u003ENasa launched a spacecraft called Dart\u003C\u002Fa\u003E (Double Asteroid Redirection Test) to see if it could alter the trajectory of the moonlet Dimorphos. That particular chunk of rock turns out to be no danger to Earth. Not so the Everest-sized comet in Don't Look Up, which is only six months away at the beginning of the movie. With a cast led by Leonardo DiCaprio, Jennifer Lawrence and Meryl Streep, McKay's film is a striking example of what you might call \"impact fiction\", a diverse sub-genre of apocalyptic fiction that goes all the way back to Edgar Allen Poe and is currently enjoying (if enjoying is the right word) a major revival.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMore like this:\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-       \u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20210108-the-rise-of-apocalyptic-novels\"\u003EThe rise of apocalyptic novels\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-       \u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20170421-the-eerie-historical-visions-that-predict-the-apocalypse\"\u003EThe eerie visions that predict the apocalypse\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-       \u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200506-the-books-that-might-flourish-in-this-time-of-crisis\"\u003EBooks that flourish in times of crisis\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EComets and asteroids are interchangeable in impact fiction, and with good reason. Both are stray bits of rubble left over from the formation of the solar system. A comet is a globe of ice, rock, dust and gas, originating in the outer solar system. When comets pass the sun, they shed a trail of gas and debris, hence the tail: the Greek word \u003Cem\u003Ekometa\u003C\u002Fem\u003E means long-haired. An asteroid (meaning star-like) is a chunk of rock and minerals from the asteroid belt between Jupiter and Mars: no ice, no tail.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDespite their differences, the effect of a significant collision with the Earth would be much the same, which is why all potentially dangerous bodies now come under the umbrella of Near-Earth Objects (NEOs). The largest impact event in recorded history is the 12-megaton aerial explosion near the Tunguska river in Siberia on 30 June 1908, but that was a pebble compared to the one that wiped out the dinosaurs in the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) extinction event 66 million years ago. Studies of K-Pg, a six-to-nine-mile-wide object making landfall with an estimated force of 100 million megatons, indicate what a similar impact might look like.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-dont-look-up-the-fiction-that-reflects-our-greatest-fear-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bbqrj9"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Don't Look Up","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-dont-look-up-the-fiction-that-reflects-our-greatest-fear-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EFirst, the blast waves would level everything within a radius of several hundred miles while triggering earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions. Worse, the impact would excavate a crater several miles deep, flinging billions of tons of rock, dust and sulphur halfway to the moon. Heavier objects would burn up on re-entering the atmosphere and create a lethal meteor shower, igniting firestorms. Smaller debris would form a thick, sun-blocking cloud around the planet, plunging it into a year-long \"impact winter\". Vegetation would perish within weeks and most animal life within months – if not from starvation then from sulfuric rain as corrosive as battery acid or UV radiation pouring through the shredded ozone layer. The Earth's surface would cease to sustain life.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-dont-look-up-the-fiction-that-reflects-our-greatest-fear-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Whatever moves in the heaven in an unusual way is certainly a sign of God’s wrath – Martin Luther","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-dont-look-up-the-fiction-that-reflects-our-greatest-fear-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ENasa calculates the annual odds of an impact equivalent to K-Pg as one in a million but, as the opening voiceover in Michael Bay's 1998 movie Armageddon dramatically puts it: \"It happened before. It will happen again. It's just a question of when?\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe rise of impact narratives\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe first asteroid, Ceres, wasn't discovered by telescope until 1801 but comets, which were first discovered in 1680, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20170421-the-eerie-historical-visions-that-predict-the-apocalypse\"\u003Ehave inspired superstition for centuries\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Among other things, they were thought to bring plague and crop failure, and herald the overthrow of kings. \"Whatever moves in the heaven in an unusual way is certainly a sign of God's wrath,\" said Martin Luther in the 16th Century.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThanks to the work of astronomer Edmond Halley, who had the famous comet named after him in 1758, comets became understood as a physical danger rather than a supernatural one, although Halley did try to reconcile his theories with Biblical scripture. He suggested in 1694 that the deluge in Genesis might have been caused by \"the casual Choc of a Comet, or other transient Body\". His contemporary William Whiston predicted that a similar comet would bring about the end of the world on 16 October 1736. At the end of the century, the French polymath Pierre-Simon Laplace observed: \"To the terrors which the apparition of comets then inspired succeeded the apprehension, that of the great number which traverse the planetary system in all directions, one of them might overturn the earth.\" Laplace wrote that the consequences of a collision would indeed be disastrous but that one was extremely unlikely.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EStill, the fear remained strong among the public. Edgar Allan Poe wrote his short story The Conversation of Eiros and Charmion in 1839, following agitation around the appearance of three comets – Biela's, Halley's and Encke's – in quick succession. In the story, the comet's tail first drains the nitrogen from Earth's atmosphere, throwing its inhabitants into a hyperoxygenated frenzy, before the nucleus hits: \"the whole incumbent mass of ether in which we existed burst at once into a species of intense flame… Thus ended all.\" Writing almost 150 years before the K-Pg event became common knowledge, Poe got the facts all wrong (a comet's nucleus is solid, not gaseous) but he did at least make the first stab at a scientifically plausible impact narrative.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe apocalyptic \u003Cem\u003Efin de siècle\u003C\u002Fem\u003E mood of the 1890s revived interest in NEOs. In 1894, the French astronomer Camille Flammarion published a speculative novel called La Fin du Monde, which is more a symposium than a story. Flammarion uses a comet as \"the pretext for the discussion of every possible phase of this great and important subject – the end of the world,\" though he stops short of delivering it.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-dont-look-up-the-fiction-that-reflects-our-greatest-fear-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bbqs9p"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Flammarion","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-dont-look-up-the-fiction-that-reflects-our-greatest-fear-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EFlammarion's novel was followed by HG Wells's short story The Star (1897), in which natural disasters and intense global heating caused by a comet's passage drive the surviving population to resettle in the newly verdant polar regions. With understanding of the \"impact winter\" some way off, it was assumed that the world would burn rather than freeze.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Danish director August Blom made the first attempt to put a NEO collision on screen in his eerie 1916 movie The End of the World. The conceit of the film was inspired by the appearance of Halley's comet in 1910 but its mood reflected the revolutionary temper in Europe (Frank Stoll, a wealthy cad, dies after an angry mob of workers storms his decadent last-night party) and the horror of World War One: the meteor shower looks like a mortar bombardment while the shattered town into which one survivor emerges resembles any number of towns in France at the time.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe most influential impact narrative of the interwar years was When Worlds Collide by Edwin Balmer and Philip Wylie, serialised in 1932 and published in book form the following year. Balmer, the editor of Redbook magazine, had a talent for thrilling plots but no ability to execute them. He found the perfect collaborator in Wylie, an ambitious writer and keen amateur scientist. While working in Hollywood in the early 1930s, Wylie befriended atomic physicists at the California Institute of Technology, whom he later consulted on aspects of When Worlds Collide.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe novel opens with the terrible discovery that two planets have become detached from their own solar systems and are hurtling towards Earth. When Bronson A and Bronson B pass close by, they will cause untold damage. On their return, they will smash the planet to smithereens. Much of the novel is taken up with the construction of a rocket (called Noah's Ark) to transport a few hundred lucky survivors to Bronson B, which conveniently has a habitable atmosphere, but the most arresting chapters describe the ravages of the first pass in harrowing detail. Wylie's imagination for mass destruction surpassed even that of Wells.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-dont-look-up-the-fiction-that-reflects-our-greatest-fear-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bbqsn2"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"The End of the World","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-dont-look-up-the-fiction-that-reflects-our-greatest-fear-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EReading When Worlds Collide or watching the 1951 movie version, it's fascinating to see how many of the enduring tropes of impact stories were already in place: the shocking scientific discovery, the authorities alerted, the sadness and panic, the riots and looting, the hi-tech plan for survival, the reference to Noah, and the many forms of denial. \"The end of the world will never be really believed till it comes,\" says the scientific genius Cole Hendron.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-dont-look-up-the-fiction-that-reflects-our-greatest-fear-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"For most post-war writers, the cause of global annihilation would not be a freak intruder from outer space but the greed, malice and stupidity of mankind itself","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-dont-look-up-the-fiction-that-reflects-our-greatest-fear-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIt's unclear whether the Austrian playwright Jura Soyfer had read When Worlds Collide before writing his 1936 play The End of the World but he certainly seems to be having fun with Balmer and Wylie's ideas. Soyfer, a 23-year-old Jewish Marxist in a country sliding towards war, saw the immense satirical potential of impact fiction. The play begins with the sun deciding that Earth needs to be cleansed of humanity and dispatching a comet to deliver the killer blow. A popular figure in impact fiction is the astronomer who identifies the threat but isn't believed. Soyfer's Cassandra is one Professor Peep, who struggles to get world leaders to heed his warnings. \"The comet is going to destroy everybody,\" Peep warns Hitler. \"Destroying everybody is my business,\" Hitler retorts. With just a week to go, Peep designs a machine that will divert the comet but an uptight bureaucrat instructs him to apply for a patent before seeking funding. All seems lost until the comet takes pity on humanity and veers away at the last moment.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA real-world threat\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EImpact fiction receded after World War Two, for the obvious reason that the atom bomb permanently altered the course of apocalyptic fiction. In her 1965 essay The Imagination of Disaster, which does not even mention comets or asteroids, Susan Sontag attributes the power of post-war science fiction to the knowledge that \"collective incineration and extinction… could come at any time, virtually without warning\". For most post-war writers, the cause of global annihilation would not be a freak intruder from outer space but the greed, malice and stupidity of mankind itself. To this day, the bomb is how we measure impact (the comet in Don't Look Up is said to be equivalent to \"a billion Hiroshimas\") and how we think about preventing it. The possibility of deflecting or destroying a NEO with nuclear warheads was first mooted by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Project Icarus in 1967 and dramatised in the misleadingly titled 1979 Sean Connery movie Meteor.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe end of the Cold War coincided with a new seriousness about the threat of NEOs. In March 1989, the half-mile-wide asteroid 1989 FC came within 430,000 miles of Earth: the closest shave since 1942. The fact that astronomers didn't discover this until \u003Cem\u003Eafter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E it had passed by inspired the US Congress to fund a Nasa report into the tracking and interception of NEOs. It was named Spaceguard, after the early warning system in Rendezvous with Rama, a 1973 novel by Arthur C Clarke that is reportedly a new film project for \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fvariety.com\u002F2021\u002Ffilm\u002Fnews\u002Fdenis-villeneuve-rendezvous-with-rama-1235134136\u002F\"\u003EDune director Denis Villeneuve\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy the 1990s, it was widely accepted that an asteroid or comet impact had caused the extinction of the dinosaurs and the near-disaster at Tunguska. Space agencies had identified around 2,000 NEOs at least as wide as 1989 FC intersecting Earth's orbit. During negotiations for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty in 1996, China argued that mankind needed to retain some nuclear weapons in case of an imminent asteroid.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-dont-look-up-the-fiction-that-reflects-our-greatest-fear-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bbs8mt"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"When Worlds Collide","imageOrientation":"portrait","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-dont-look-up-the-fiction-that-reflects-our-greatest-fear-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESo when Clarke published his novel The Hammer of God, about just such an effort, in 1993, he did not consider it merely science fiction. \"It was my duty to show what could be done about the asteroid menace,\" he wrote. \"By creating a self-fulfilling prophecy, I might even save the world – though I'd never know.\" The following year, 21 fragments of the comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 collided with Jupiter, giving NEO-watchers a preview of what one might do to us. One of the impacts was equivalent to six million megatons of TNT, creating a cloud of debris as wide as Earth.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESteven Spielberg optioned The Hammer of God, which was then merged with When Worlds Collide to form the basis for the 1998 movie Deep Impact. Although neither novel was ultimately credited, their influence is undeniable. A comet is expected to cause an Extinction Level Event. The world's governments make plans to nuke it or, if that fails, to preserve a few thousand survivors in underground caves (\"Our new Noah's Ark,\" says the president) until the surface is habitable again. In reality, blowing up a NEO rather than deflecting it would be very risky, because it would likely create a fusillade of shrapnel. As Arthur C Clarke writes, \"Which is better – a single mega-catastrophe in one place, or hundreds of smaller ones?\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDeep Impact coincided with Armageddon, a similarly themed movie about the effort to stop an asteroid which is, absurdly, \"the size of Texas\": more than 100 times bigger than the K-T object. \"It's what we call a global killer,\" Billy Bob Thornton's Nasa executive tells the president. \"The end of mankind. Doesn't matter where it hits, nothing would survive, not even bacteria.\" It sounds like a brag.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhile both movies precede the ultimate success of a mission with enough failure to allow for spectacular CGI mayhem, their approaches could not be more different. Deep Impact is a deeply sentimental picture, primarily concerned with how a handful of individuals process doomsday. It is really about mortality and grief. Michael Bay doesn't care about any of that. Armageddon is a boy's own apocalypse: glib, bombastic, chauvinistic, and blithely uninterested in most of the world's population. Armageddon outperformed Deep Impact at the box office by more than $200m, which tells you a lot. It's obvious which one Don't Look Up's movie-within-a-movie, Total Destruction, is parodying with its tagline: \"When the asteroid hit us, he hit back.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-dont-look-up-the-fiction-that-reflects-our-greatest-fear-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bbqtk6"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Deep Impact","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-dont-look-up-the-fiction-that-reflects-our-greatest-fear-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\"The destruction of the world is a subject so engulfing that all it's good for is a cheap thrill,\" wrote Anthony Lane in his New Yorker review of Deep Impact. But many filmmakers would disagree. Those two blockbusters having exhausted viewers' appetite for astronautical derring-do, the past decade has seen several more sombre and intimate movies about what happens when all hope of averting catastrophe is lost. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20210512-is-melancholia-the-greatest-film-about-depression-ever-made\"\u003ELars Von Trier's Melancholia\u003C\u002Fa\u003E (2011) ends with the titular rogue planet obliterating Earth in breathtakingly beautiful fashion. \"This film is perilously close to the aesthetic of American mainstream films,\" \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.dfi.dk\u002Fenglish\u002Fonly-redeeming-factor-world-ending\"\u003EVon Trier told an interviewer\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. \"The only redeeming factor about it, you might say, is that the world ends.\" Most recent impact fiction starts from the same conclusion.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA bleak new wave\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELorene Scafaria's Seeking a Friend for the End of the World (2012) somehow manages to summon a romantic comedy from this hopeless scenario. Opening with the failure of a deflection mission, it ignores scientists, politicians and astronauts to focus on ordinary people who can do nothing except decide how to spend their last days. The answer, of course, is: with someone you love. The following year's These Final Hours, written and directed by Zak Hilditch, explores the same idea to much less cheering effect. Despite their very different tones, both movies are road trips punctuated by suicides, orgiastic parties and delusional survivalists. Both conclude with two lovers swallowed up by a blaze of white as the end arrives.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-dont-look-up-the-fiction-that-reflects-our-greatest-fear-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"The slow-motion apocalypse of climate change is the subtext of most 21st Century disaster narratives","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-dont-look-up-the-fiction-that-reflects-our-greatest-fear-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThese movies reject the insistence on survival and build-back-better rebirth in mainstream movies from Deep Impact and When Worlds Collide to 2019's The Wandering Earth, which is China's fifth highest-grossing movie ever, and 2020's Greenland. For Von Trier, Scafaria and Hilditch, the end is the point – and much cheaper than a space shuttle, too. This year alone, more than a century after Stoll's doomed bacchanal in The End of the World, How It Ends and Silent Night have also used the conceit of a last-night party.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhy are these stories so attractive to filmmakers? Impact fiction is flexible enough to accommodate multiple genres, from grave character study to black comedy to old-fashioned disaster movie. NEOs are also a growing real-world concern. After a meteor exploded over Chelyabinsk in Russia on 14 February 2013, Nasa began annual asteroid impact simulations. In 2015, a group of concerned scientists, astronauts and artists led by Stephen Hawking launched Asteroid Day, a UN-backed annual event on the anniversary of Tunguska, with the aim of rapidly accelerating the tracking of NEOs and research into interception strategies.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-dont-look-up-the-fiction-that-reflects-our-greatest-fear-16"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p0bbqtmn"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Don't Look Up","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-dont-look-up-the-fiction-that-reflects-our-greatest-fear-17"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn fiction, though, a comet isn't just a comet. In the same way that post-war science fiction was always on some level about the bomb, the slow-motion apocalypse of climate change is the subtext of most 21st Century disaster narratives. Recent years have seen \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20190110-how-science-fiction-helps-readers-understand-climate-change\"\u003Ea boom in explicit \"cli-fi\" novels\u003C\u002Fa\u003E such as John Lanchester's The Wall and Jessie Greengrass's The High House, but the metaphor is hard at work in other \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20210108-the-rise-of-apocalyptic-novels\"\u003Eend-of-the-world stories\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, from Rumaan Alam's Leave the World Behind to Emily St John Mandel's Station Eleven. Adam McKay has talked about looking for a means of making a movie about the climate crisis and settling on a comet as the perfect allegory.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDon't Look Up, which comes to Netflix on Christmas Eve, is an unlikely cross between Deep Impact and Veep, combining broad satire with genuine anguish. The blacker the comedy, the better the movie gets. The three Professor Peep-like astronomers are familiar genre archetypes revived by a new context as their efforts to warn the world bang up against populist politicians, shallow broadcasters, hubristic tech gurus and online conspiracy theorists. You can also detect in McKay's plea to listen to scientists an unspoken critique of irrational and partisan responses to the pandemic: its comet-deniers literally refuse to look up. While a little too baggy and scattershot, Don't Look Up does politicise a genre which tends to avoid politics, and relocates the satirical energy to be found in people's struggles to take existential threats seriously.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs the hero of When Worlds Collide observes: \"They, and he, could not realise that the world was doomed, any more than a man could realise that he himself must die. Death is what happens to others! So other worlds may perish; but not ours, on which we stand!\" The bitingly pessimistic new wave of impact fiction compels us to consider the worst-case scenario and not just to look up but to look inwards.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EDon't Look Up is on Netflix from 24 December\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003ELove film and TV? Join \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fgroups\u002F440074069852291\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EBBC Culture Film and TV Club\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E on Facebook, a community for cinephiles all over the world.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-dont-look-up-the-fiction-that-reflects-our-greatest-fear-18"}],"collection":["culture\u002Fcolumn\u002Ffilm"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2021-12-20T00:30:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","headlineLong":"Don't Look Up: The stories that reflect our oldest fear","headlineShort":"Stories that reflect our oldest fear","image":["p0bbdp3q"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":false,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2021-08-25T12:48:44.837297Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"6183c2c945ceed0d2f73335b"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Fbooks"],"summaryLong":"Adam McKay's star-filled apocalyptic disaster comedy is the latest in a centuries-old genre of fiction about threats from space, writes Dorian Lynskey.","summaryShort":"Don't Look Up and the centuries-old threat from space","tag":["tag\u002Fbooks"],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2021-12-20T00:30:01.984865Z","entity":"article","guid":"5a02a9fe-336b-4e43-a846-fc4d7250d37d","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20211215-dont-look-up-the-fiction-that-reflects-our-greatest-fear","modifiedDateTime":"2021-12-20T00:30:01.984865Z","project":"culture","slug":"20211215-dont-look-up-the-fiction-that-reflects-our-greatest-fear","cacheLastUpdated":1642221620937},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20171013-inside-the-most-lovely-and-quirky-homes-of-havana":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20171013-inside-the-most-lovely-and-quirky-homes-of-havana","_id":"6183c20e45ceed2f02517a24","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"gallery","assetVideo":null,"author":["culture\u002Fauthor\u002Flindsay-baker"],"bodyIntro":"With an emphasis on mid-Century influences, along with Cuban ingenuity and flair, a new book Havana Living Today, by Hermes Mallea, explores the city’s most beautiful homes.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"ImageGallery","iFrameType":"","imageGallery":["p05jvsvn"],"id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20171013-inside-the-most-lovely-and-quirky-homes-of-havana-0"}],"collection":["culture\u002Fpremium-collection\u002Fdesigned"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2017-10-30T10:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"","headlineLong":"Inside the most distinctive homes of Havana","headlineShort":"Havana’s most beautiful homes","image":["p05g77jy"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":["p05g77jy"],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"With an emphasis on mid-Century influences, along with Cuban ingenuity and flair, a new book Havana Living Today, by Hermes Mallea, explores the city’s most beautiful homes.","summaryShort":"A surprising look inside some of Cuba’s most distinctive dwellings","tag":null,"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2017-10-30T10:09:07.938678Z","entity":"article","guid":"5cfc186c-d104-476f-80b7-c83d1de21ce9","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20171013-inside-the-most-lovely-and-quirky-homes-of-havana","modifiedDateTime":"2021-09-01T11:42:41.762557Z","project":"culture","slug":"20171013-inside-the-most-lovely-and-quirky-homes-of-havana","cacheLastUpdated":1642221620937},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20210226-our-love-affair-with-our-homes":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20210226-our-love-affair-with-our-homes","_id":"6183c1c345ceed15f53229b1","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"Right now, fashion fans care about the place where they live just as much as what they wear. Dominic Lutyens explores how, increasingly, our homes are where we express our personal style and tastes.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ECurrent times have kickstarted a passion for new, imaginative homeware. The need for many to work from home has prompted people to look at the places where they live with fresh eyes, and decorate them in ways that precisely suit their taste and needs. Fans of small, independent fashion labels often form deep attachments to their preferred designer or maker – such is their passion for the signature aesthetic. The same goes for loyal devotees of homeware brands.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMore like this:\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20210201-the-french-icon-who-revolutionised-womens-clothes\"\u003EThe ultimate French style icon?\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20210205-thoroughly-modern-mullets-styles-unlikeliest-comeback\"\u003EThe return of a controversial haircut\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-          \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20210119-the-extraordinary-handbags-that-are-both-fashion-and-art\"\u003EThe bags that are both fashion and art\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMore and more,  designers are offering a mix of the two as consumers increasingly covet both. Now people are discovering that they can their dress their homes just like they dress themselves, as makers of fashion are branching out into homeware that matches their sartorial aesthetic, and similarly, homeware brands are pleasing their customers by cannily introducing complementary clothing lines.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20210226-our-love-affair-with-our-homes-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"portrait","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20210226-our-love-affair-with-our-homes-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EWhile the trend has arisen through a combination of new consumer habits and unprecedented lockdowns, a cross-pollination of homeware and fashion has proved a successful formula in the past. An early example was legendary 1960s and 1970s label Biba, although it took some time for its homeware range to be established. It all started when Julie Hodges designed a blood-red wallpaper for the first Biba store in London's Kensington in 1964.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe store's founder Barbara Hulanicki took a keen interest in the interiors of her shops and her next, larger premises on Kensington High Street had a household department, while the following incarnation – a gargantuan Big Biba store that opened in 1973 – devoted a floor to homeware, touting everything from satin-fringed lampshades to kitsch flying ducks. In the 1980s, Missoni branched into homeware, its trademark, dynamic Art Deco-inspired ziggurats zipping across everything from towels to throws.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20210226-our-love-affair-with-our-homes-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20210226-our-love-affair-with-our-homes-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAs more fashion labels began producing homeware, the highly commercial, high-end fashion behemoths among them launched their homeware collections at regular intervals. By contrast, today smaller labels bring out homeware lines more spontaneously, and in a more personal way. These are often craft-based, helping to preserve age-old skills threatened with extinction in the process, and using specialist manufacturing methods.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EColville, the Milan-based fashion label co-founded in 2018 by Lucinda Chambers, a former fashion director at British Vogue, Molly Molloy and Kristin Forss, recently launched its first homeware line. Working now as a duo, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.colvilleofficial.com\u002Fpages\u002Fabout-us\"\u003EMolloy and Chambers\u003C\u002Fa\u003E design clothes that express their shared love of exuberant pattern and colour, also found in Colville's homeware. The company takes a firmly collaborative and sustainable approach. It often works alongside skilled artisans, and bills itself as \"anti-fast fashion\", producing clothing, and by extension homeware, designed to have a lasting appeal.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe homeware includes multicoloured, ultra-shaggy, yeti-on-acid rugs made with organic vegetable dyes by weavers in Turkey and jute floor mats in zingy shades created by women in Bangladesh, who learn traditional crafts. It also features wool blankets with super-sized polka dots made at an Italian mill using an ancient skill once practised by Cistercian monks.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20210226-our-love-affair-with-our-homes-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20210226-our-love-affair-with-our-homes-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe debut homeware line arose out of necessity – as well as through a chance encounter, Molloy tells BBC Culture: \"We needed to furnish our office in Milan but couldn't find any furniture we liked. Thanks to the amazing craftsmanship in Italy, we found a carpenter to make our desks, which we painted in bright colours. A Turkish friend told me about weavers in Turkey who could make rugs for us. These are now part of our homeware collection.\" \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20210226-our-love-affair-with-our-homes-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Today, it's less about just what women wear, and more about a 360-degree look – Chelsea Power","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20210226-our-love-affair-with-our-homes-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe homeware line is also rooted in Chambers' and Molloy's long-standing interest in design. Colville's Milan showroom already featured idiosyncratic ceramics by Danny Cremers, one of many creatives who collaborate with Colville. Chambers herself is known for her flair for interior design, evidenced by her oft-photographed, flamboyant West London home, where she's lived for more than 30 years. Its rooms are painted different daring shades – scarlet, pink or yellow – and eccentrically mix trad, chintzy upholstery and ultra-pop pendant lights. She has been greatly influenced by her mother, who bought unmodernised flats and updated them while Chambers was growing up. \"I really admired her taste,\" she says. \"In one house, she painted the ceiling black and attached horizontal planks painted white to the walls at a lower height, creating a sexy, 1970s vibe.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAlternatively, fashion brands are producing lines by joining forces with established homeware brands, resulting in symbiotic relationships. For example, cult fashion label Shrimps has produced two collections with Habitat.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20210226-our-love-affair-with-our-homes-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20210226-our-love-affair-with-our-homes-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EKate Butler, head of product design at Habitat, approached Shrimps with the idea. Butler says this year's Shrimps for Habitat collection fortuitously chimes with current consumer trends: \"During lockdowns, our homes have become more of a focus than going out and there's a new fashion-conscious customer who recognises interiors as an area of expression. Brands such as Shrimps, Off-White, Alice Temperley and Jonathan Saunders have recently extended their creative outlook with interiors collections, which their customers understand and recognise.\" \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe partnership made sense since Shrimps staff had observed that the label's accessories, notably its handbags, were often used in homes as decorative pieces in their own right, not tucked away in a cupboard when not worn. A bedroom-focused collection – mainly bedlinen, throws and rugs – references Shrimps' clothing by featuring the brand's signature faux fur and cartoony motifs. And a collection of armchairs, cabinets and lamps has a \"grown-up feel\", says Nikole de Santis of Shrimps. \"We drew inspiration from the glamour of 1970s Palm Springs, introducing hand-woven rattan furniture and beautiful ceramics.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHome sweet home\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFashion retailers are fuelling the trend. Matches Fashion, for instance, stocks designer and creative consultant Matilda Goad's retro tableware and the new homeware collection of Yinka Ilori, best known for his upcycled, vibrant furniture painted in offbeat colour combinations.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20210226-our-love-affair-with-our-homes-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"portrait","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20210226-our-love-affair-with-our-homes-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\"We decided to launch our homeware category in 2018 as we noticed people's homes were becoming an extension of their fashion identity,\" says Chelsea Power of Matches Fashion. \"Today, it's less about just what women wear, and more about a 360-degree look; their homes have become a natural extension of their personal style. So expanding our product offering to homeware was a natural development for us. We collaborate with some of our ready-to-wear designers to create products that reflect their aesthetic – such as Colville and its bold blankets, sequined cushions by Ashish and table linen by Emilia Wickstead. \"Yinka came to me with his designs. They were so captivating and unique compared to anything else I'd seen recently that I was immediately drawn in.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGoad has a fashion background – she has worked with British Vogue fashion director Venetia Scott – and later moved into interiors, launching her homeware brand in 2016 after an early design, a rattan lampshade with scalloped edges, proved hugely popular. \"I think interiors at the higher end can be very intimidating – a vast new territory,\" believes Goad.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20210226-our-love-affair-with-our-homes-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"portrait","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20210226-our-love-affair-with-our-homes-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\"My products might appeal to people who don't have the confidence to do a whole room scheme but are happy to buy individual items. I see my homeware as being like clothing that you can mix and match to suit different seasons. I've designed ceramics with a gold glaze that enhances their cosiness and looks great in winter. For winter, I use my napkins in rich shades – deep green and raspberry – and in summer ones in brighter colours.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhy does she think people are so attracted now to homeware? \"It's partly because everyone's lives are more visible on social media and people want to present their homes as stylish. Also, people are inspired by the ideas of others seen on Instagram.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIlori describes his collection as \"a continuation of my designs inspired by my British Nigerian heritage,\" he explains. \"Functional household items that evoke memories from my own upbringing have been reworked as colourful artworks. Each is meant to instil a sense of optimism and joy, to act in their own small way as a distraction from the dark times that we're facing.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELondon fashion boutique Browns also stocks Ilori's extensive range, which encompasses hand-turned stoneware dishes and hand-woven cotton jacquard cushions and tablecloths from Portugal, Polish enamelware mugs and Nepalese rugs. \"We've spent a lot of time sourcing specialist suppliers with a focus on craft and quality,\" says the designer.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20210226-our-love-affair-with-our-homes-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20210226-our-love-affair-with-our-homes-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EUnforeseen circumstances led Ilori to develop the collection. He also designs vibrantly colourful public installations – including his pavilion, The Colour Palace, at London's Dulwich Picture Library, co-created with architecture studio Pricegore. But in 2020, some of these projects were put on hold, giving him time to create his homeware line.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt's appropriate that Browns stocks Ilori's designs – the shop has always sold a small homeware range but decided to augment this in 2019. \"We got a very positive reaction to this from our customers\", says Hollie Harding, Browns’ womenswear non-apparel buying manager. \"This definitely spiked during lockdown. It felt natural for us to add further brands. We now cover a range of categories, from decorative glassware and ceramics to soft furnishings and bedding. We've also partnered with fashion brand Wandler for our 50th anniversary to curate exclusive pieces from founder Elza Wandler's favourite homeware brands – work by glass artist Jochen Holz, designer Helle Mardahl and ceramicist Fleur Hulleman – and we've launched a collection of plates by Daphne Leon for Jacquemus.\" \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20210226-our-love-affair-with-our-homes-16"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"portrait","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20210226-our-love-affair-with-our-homes-17"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EPerhaps Chambers summarises the spirit of these homeware lines best when she describes Colville: \"We're not a company selling handbags or scent to keep a huge machine going. We're selling clothes and homeware that people enjoy. We're growing our homeware side, which is exciting, but bit by bit. Only if it feels right.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20210226-our-love-affair-with-our-homes-18"}],"collection":[],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2021-03-02T00:30:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","headlineLong":"Our love affair with our homes","headlineShort":"Our love affair with our homes","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":[],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":[],"summaryLong":"Right now, fashion fans care about the place where they live as much as what they wear. Dominic Lutyens explores how, increasingly, our homes are where we express our personal style.","summaryShort":"Right now, fashion fans care about where they live as much as what they wear","tag":[],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2021-03-02T00:30:47.002475Z","entity":"article","guid":"ec3725ef-ead5-45bb-91e5-abdc9683c29a","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20210226-our-love-affair-with-our-homes","modifiedDateTime":"2021-11-09T15:31:29.955877Z","project":"culture","slug":"20210226-our-love-affair-with-our-homes","cacheLastUpdated":1642221620938},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200526-the-quirky-charm-of-norwegian-design":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200526-the-quirky-charm-of-norwegian-design","_id":"6183c1b945ceed16183c3b17","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"The national temperament of Norway is shy, and the design aesthetic is playful and unique. Clare Dowdy explores why this overlooked country has a Scandi style all of its own.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EMinimal, functional, good-looking and democratic – Scandinavian design is a major force in furniture and interiors, and has been for decades. This corner of northern Europe is awash with mid-century design legends like Arne Jacobsen, Verner Panton, Alvar Aalto and Bruno Mathsson.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut this catch-all term hasn’t been living up to its name. The big guns of Scandinavian design are the Danes, (like Jacobsen and Panton), the Finns (Aalto), and to a lesser extent the Swedes (Mathsson). What about their next-door neighbours?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMore like this:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-        \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.co.uk\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200512-what-you-didnt-know-about-colour\"\u003EWhat you didn’t know about colour\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-        \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.co.uk\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200414-are-these-the-ultimate-fantasy-homes\"\u003EAre these the ultimate fantasy homes?\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E-        \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.co.uk\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20200515-designs-new-stone-age-is-here\"\u003EDesign’s new stone age is here\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs far as populations go, Norway isn’t the region’s minnow – with a population of 5.4m, it’s about the same size as Finland and Denmark, and all three are around half the size of 10m-strong Sweden. Despite that, Norwegian design has been punching below its weight. To call this wealthy nation the poor relation seems a bit of a stretch – but when it comes to design, it has a ring of truth. Among its neighbours, the Norwegian national stereotype is of an uneducated country bumpkin in a knitted sweater, with a fish close at hand. Yet this outdated cliché and its lowly position in the Scandi design pecking order has given Norwegian creativity its own flavour, and a potential edge.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200526-the-quirky-charm-of-norwegian-design-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200526-the-quirky-charm-of-norwegian-design-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe locals put their relatively low profile down to a mix of factors, ranging from the highs and lows of oil and poverty, to national temperament. Norway was heavily bombed in World War Two, its furniture factories destroyed. A cottage industry on the rural, elongated west coast took their place. Here, between fjords and mountains, farmers who had always made furniture for themselves and had access to forestry, started businesses. One such entrepreneur was Lars Karl Hjelle, and the third-generation brand LK Hjelle still manufactures in the village of Sykkylven.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“It wasn’t about craftsmanship at that time,” says Morten Hippe, of young Norwegian furniture brand Eikund, “but about producing simple design that could be delivered quickly”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs the nation recovered in the 1950s, those basic home furnishings were in need of an upgrade. A talented cohort of design graduates fresh out of college led the charge. They had been trained up by Arne Korsmo, the head of furniture and interiors at the Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry. A hugely influential architect in the international style, Korsmo was known for his villa designs, some of which – like the 1930s Villa Stenersen – are regarded as masterpieces of Norwegian functionalism.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200526-the-quirky-charm-of-norwegian-design-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200526-the-quirky-charm-of-norwegian-design-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EHe and his wife Grete Prytz Kittelsen, an equally talented tableware designer, travelled to the US to meet modernist pioneers including Frank Lloyd-Wright, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Charles and Ray Eames. “They were an amazing couple, networking with high-profile people in both architecture and design,” says Benedicte Sunde, curator of the annual contemporary design exhibition Norwegian Presence.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBack at home, Korsmo’s experiences meant his graduates “were on a par with their neighbours”, says Dr Widar Halén, director of design and decorative arts at Oslo’s National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design. Many, like Fredrik A Kayser, Torbjørn Afdal and Torbjørn Bekken, produced stylish pieces for those west-coast workshops. They and their peers were on a roll, taking part in touring exhibitions of Scandinavian design and winning international awards.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBusiness was booming, until Norway discovered oil in the 1960s. The nation’s gain was design’s loss. “Skilled people left the industry and we now had money to import furniture. We lost a lot of production here,” says Hippe.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200526-the-quirky-charm-of-norwegian-design-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"We don’t want to brag or stand out, we’re a shy country – Morten Hippe","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200526-the-quirky-charm-of-norwegian-design-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESunde elaborates: “When oil struck, the government’s focus and money went into the North Sea, and the focus on design for export disappeared. Small manufacturers couldn’t keep up.” Just as the Norwegian government was taking its eye off the design ball, its neighbours – who could only dream of Norway’s natural resources – were supporting their furniture makers with state funding, and heavily promoting designers abroad.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200526-the-quirky-charm-of-norwegian-design-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200526-the-quirky-charm-of-norwegian-design-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EHowever, Hippe is not convinced that such an approach would have worked for Norwegians, anyway. He believes that the idea of self-promotion wouldn’t have sat well with them. “We don’t want to brag or stand out, we’re a shy country,” he says. Historically, Norwegians have had a reputation for being reserved and distant – hardly suitable traits for trumpeting one’s talents.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESo while Norway’s best mid-century furniture fell out of production, its rivals were keeping the flag flying by relentlessly reissuing. From Finn Juhl’s Model 45 Easy Chair, and Hans Wegner’s Wishbone Chair, to Aalto’s Stool, Model No. 60, and Jacobsen’s Egg Chair and Swan Chair, these pieces were elevated to icons of Scandi design.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EToday, contemporary creatives – even in Norway – are hard pushed to name many Norwegian designers from those halcyon days. London-based Danish designer Nina Tolstrup is blunt about it: “Norway was invisible on the design scene from 1900 to 1990.” Only one mid-century master springs to mind for her: Hans Brattrud, designer of the Skandia chair.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA free rein\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut the fact that these designs were largely lost or forgotten plays into the hands of the current generation. In those countries where the 1950s have never gone away, “contemporary designers have felt it as a burden – they can’t produce new ideas because reproduction is so dominant,” says Dr Halén. “It hampers them.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200526-the-quirky-charm-of-norwegian-design-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"portrait","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200526-the-quirky-charm-of-norwegian-design-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAs a Dane, Tolstrup feels this: “The new designers in Norway over the last generation have had the benefit of not having a heavy design history, which for Danish designers for many years was a burden, as it was very difficult to rise above the strong historic design legacy.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHaving less conspicuous roots has given the Norwegians more of a free rein. “The design scene in Norway has really been blooming over the last ten years,” Norwegian designer Hallgeir Homstvedt tells BBC Designed. He cites Lars Tornøe’s Dots, a series of large, turned-wood coat hooks. “Millions of Dots have been sold, and they have sparked a whole new product category of sculptural coat hooks,” says Homstvedt.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis freedom has translated into a certain quirkiness. “Many [Norwegian designers] are recognised as having a warm playfulness in the products they design,” says Elizabeth Hurlen, export manager of LK Hjelle, which produces the witty Boy poufs by pioneering design studio, Norway Says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200526-the-quirky-charm-of-norwegian-design-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200526-the-quirky-charm-of-norwegian-design-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EHjelle is one of a handful of homegrown brands, and produces work by some of the country’s most established living designers, including Homstvedt, Andreas Engesvik, and Anderssen & Voll, as well as Norway Says. In contrast, its neighbours can boast of many more world-recognised brands like Hay in Denmark, Hem in Sweden, and Finnish brand Muuto.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200526-the-quirky-charm-of-norwegian-design-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"They don’t go for the beauty that people expect, so it makes us think of beauty in a different way – Benedicte Sunde","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200526-the-quirky-charm-of-norwegian-design-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThis quirkiness and ruggedness has manifested itself at this year’s Norwegian Presence show, where much experimentation with raw materials is evident, such as stone off-cuts and scrap aluminium. Ali Gallefoss has cast aluminium in pieces of stone, while Vilde Hagelund and Nils Stensrud have produced pieces in birchwood. Sunde describes this approach as a reaction against glamour. “This gives them a raw aesthetic which has its own beauty,” she says, “It doesn’t look luscious or elegant, something that high-end people would buy. It’s more new-wave and avant-garde. They don’t go for the beauty that people expect, so it makes us think of beauty in a different way.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe work of Norwegian Presence’s 11 designers sits alongside seven local manufacturers including Fjørdfjesta and Vestre. But with few homegrown brands to design for, much design talent has been exported. “Norway has mainly been incubating designers, who go on to work for international brands,” says Homstvedt. As well as Tornøe’s work for Muuto, he cites Engesvik’s Bollo chair for Fogia, Counterbalance lamp by Daniel Rybakken for Luce Plan, Tibu by Anderssen & Voll for Magis, and Half & Half, which he designed with Jonah Takagi for Roll & Hill.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200526-the-quirky-charm-of-norwegian-design-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"portrait","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200526-the-quirky-charm-of-norwegian-design-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EMeanwhile, it’s catch-up time for those ‘lost’ designers. For Norwegian brands like Fjordfiesta, Eikund and Hjelle, reissuing their country’s mid-century creations is a calling. “Now, our mission is not to just sell fish and pump up oil; we need to know our heritage,” says Hippe at Eikund.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDr Halén believes that the next step is to comfortably accommodate retro nostalgia, alongside the need for fresh talent. “We want good new designers to flourish, but we also want to buy icons. Balance is needed.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPerhaps in Norway, contemporary design can thrive while classics can revive – it’s an interesting two-pronged approach that could help the country take its rightful place at the Scandi-designed table.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List, a handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200526-the-quirky-charm-of-norwegian-design-16"}],"collection":[],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-05-27T09:30:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","headlineLong":"The quirky charm of Norwegian design","headlineShort":"The quirky charm of Norwegian design","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":[],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":[],"summaryLong":"The national temperament of Norway is shy, and the design aesthetic is playful and unique. Clare Dowdy explores why this overlooked country has a Scandi style all of its own.","summaryShort":"Why shy, reserved Norway has a Scandi style all of its own","tag":[],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2020-05-27T08:48:28.342467Z","entity":"article","guid":"65545bd9-7d9a-43c4-b71c-3b74ab23cdcc","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200526-the-quirky-charm-of-norwegian-design","modifiedDateTime":"2021-09-01T12:57:41.032076Z","project":"culture","slug":"20200526-the-quirky-charm-of-norwegian-design","cacheLastUpdated":1642221620938},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20190521-10-dream-homes-from-the-past-century":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20190521-10-dream-homes-from-the-past-century","_id":"6183c1ef45ceed2a40075de2","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"From a Modernist desert retreat to a camouflaged turf lodge, a new book, Houses: Extraordinary Living, explores the diversity of some of the world’s most awe-inspiring abodes.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThis article was originally published in 2019\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHome should be a sacred space: the place where you feel secure, and can unwind at the end of a long day – it’s also where we entertain friends, and increasingly, a place to work or study. New methods and materials introduced since the early 20th Century have offered architects and daring clients around the world new ways to let creative imaginations run wild in how – and where – people are able to live.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA new book, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.phaidon.com\u002Fstore\u002Farchitecture\u002Fhouses-extraordinary-living-9780714878096\u002F\"\u003EHouses: Extraordinary Living\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, charts our shift in taste, style, and thinking about domestic living through a cross-section of innovative residences that fully embrace their environment – from a hidden house in a Swedish forest to a California desert retreat. Levitating glass boxes, experimental prototypes, radically open-plan layouts, and residences that relate to their surroundings – with the right architect, no project is impossible.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGraham House, Canada\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20190521-10-dream-homes-from-the-past-century-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20190521-10-dream-homes-from-the-past-century-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EProminent Canadian architect Arthur Erickson designed this west coast Modernist house on an incredibly steep site in West Vancouver, alongside long-time collaborator Geoffrey Massey. Building on the difficult, rugged cliff face was completed in 1963 with a design of hovering horizontal beams and glass which enclosed the major living areas, as a multi-storey structure descending the slope in four levels, from the carport to the rocky bluff over the Pacific.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEach area opened onto a roof terrace over the floor below, to achieve maximum access to the stunning views. The late Erickson wrote that: “The Graham house launched my reputation as the architect you went to when you had an impossible site.” Despite its prestige, sadly the Graham house was demolished in 2007.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDesert House, United States\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20190521-10-dream-homes-from-the-past-century-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20190521-10-dream-homes-from-the-past-century-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EArchitect Jim Jennings and writer Therese Bissell took their time building their elegant desert retreat. After purchasing the land in 1999, a decade passed before the couple spent time in their Palm Springs refuge: “When you’re your own client, you can be as demanding as you like,” Jennings \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.architecturaldigest.com\u002Fstory\u002Fjim-jennings-article-092009\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Etold Architectural Digest.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E “And you know how difficult everything will be, especially when it appears simple.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ERather than opening to the outdoors, the space subverts Desert Modernism’s tradition of the post-and-beam glass box by enclosing the living area in a 2.4m concrete wall of horizontal blocks, supporting a steel roof and two courtyards. From inside, views of the surroundings – palm trees, the San Jacinto Mountains, and molten blue sky – are framed by the floating flat roof, with overhangs providing much-needed shade.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EEdgeland House, United States\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20190521-10-dream-homes-from-the-past-century-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20190521-10-dream-homes-from-the-past-century-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EArchitects Bercy Chen Studio adopted a modern interpretation of the Native American pit house as a model for Edgeland House, digging 2m into the ground in an attempt to restore the land of a former brownfield site which had been scarred by industry in Austin, Texas.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECompleted in 2012, the turf roof and sunken excavation provides both privacy from the street side and insulative properties to keep the building warm in winter and cool in summer. The lack of any connecting hallway between the living and sleeping quarters is intentional – encouraging its owners to spend more time outside.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHouse in Itsuura, Japan\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20190521-10-dream-homes-from-the-past-century-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20190521-10-dream-homes-from-the-past-century-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThis single-storey angled house in Japan’s Ibaraki Prefecture is perched on two organically formed pillars, which allow the rest of the structure to be embedded in the hill. The interiors are timber-clad with wood from the local area, and the facade features external angled slats that regulate temperature, let in light and provide privacy.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ELiving spaces are in the longer wing of the structure, while the shorter wing has spaces for sleeping. Architects Life Style Koubou planted 60 trees to help regenerate the area, and over time it’s hoped the dwelling will become more connected to its natural surroundings as the wood takes on a weathered appearance.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBakkaflöt 1, Iceland\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20190521-10-dream-homes-from-the-past-century-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20190521-10-dream-homes-from-the-past-century-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EShortly after graduating from École des Beaux-Arts in Paris 1960, Högna Sigurðardóttir became the first woman to design a building in a professional capacity in Iceland. A few years later, she would design arguably one of the country’s greatest buildings in the form of a simple modern turf hut for a family in a suburban street south of Reykjavík.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn 1963, Sigurðardóttir \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.islanders.is\u002Fragnheidur\u002F\" target=\"_blank\"\u003Etold the family of six\u003C\u002Fa\u003E “I am going to make you a nest”, and in incorporating three mounds to protect the low house from the harsh Icelandic elements, she kept her promise. The house is made of exposed concrete using Brutalist techniques, as is much of the furniture – such as the sofa and the bathtub – creating a connection between inside and out.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe House on the Cliff, Spain\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20190521-10-dream-homes-from-the-past-century-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20190521-10-dream-homes-from-the-past-century-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ERippling over the contours of a steep hillside slope in Granada is a largely-buried dwelling which architects Pablo Gil and Jaime Bartolomé called “a contemporary Gaudíesque cave” after Anton Gaudì, known as the greatest exponent of Catalan Modernism. Completed in 2015, the two-storey residence uses the natural cooling of the earth to maintain a constant temperature of 19.5C.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECovered with a curved double shell of reinforced concrete upon a metal frame, its rolling zinc-tiled, handcrafted roof resembles a dragon’s scaly skin, with its pool and cantilevering terrace framing views over the Mediterranean sea. The architects stated: “The metallic roof produces a calculated aesthetic ambiguity between the natural and the artificial, between the skin of a dragon set in the ground, when seen from below, and the waves of the sea, when seen from above.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDragspel House, Sweden\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20190521-10-dream-homes-from-the-past-century-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20190521-10-dream-homes-from-the-past-century-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EDragspel means accordion in Swedish, referencing the folds of red cedarwood shingles on this extension to an original cabin from the late 19th Century, located on the shore of the lake Övre Gla. The organic shape of the house blends naturally into the Glaskogen nature-reserve setting, and is designed to have a minimal visual impact, with the windows hidden within the skin of the structure.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn due time, the wood of the cabin skin will have a grey appearance, blending into the rough, rocky forest landscape. Another neat trick: during the summer, the front part of the cabin can be extended to cantilever over a stream, with the windows opening wide to listen to the murmur of the water, and can then be retracted in the winter or on rainy days – adjusting itself to its environment depending on the season or number of guests.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETill House, Chile\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20190521-10-dream-homes-from-the-past-century-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20190521-10-dream-homes-from-the-past-century-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ECut into a deep shelf on a Chilean coastal landscape in Navidad, this small weekend shelter built for a couple on a coastline of cliffs is surrounded on three sides by the roaring Pacific Ocean. Invisible from the road, its open-plan terrace is perfect for lounging with panoramic views, while the rest of the space is for sleeping and eating.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIndividual rooms are sectioned off with shelving units to provide privacy, and the entire roof is a massive open deck which is reached by the cliffside walkway. If that wasn’t enough for relaxation, there is also a wooden jacuzzi called a cuba, where the water is warmed with a fire.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EKirsch Residence, United States\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20190521-10-dream-homes-from-the-past-century-16"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20190521-10-dream-homes-from-the-past-century-17"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn the suburb of Oak Park, Illinois, you would think Frank Lloyd Wright’s home and studio would be the highlight – that is, until you drive by this massive bunker built in 1982 by Errol J Kirsch which resembles the kind of structure more commonly seen in science-fiction movies.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEnclosed in concrete, the Kirsch residence’s unusual geometric form gives a sense of security – but that’s not all: the sharply pitched roofs, ziggurat form and slit windows were designed for energy efficiency by inhibiting temperature changes and windows that maximise solar gain.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMalator house, Wales\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20190521-10-dream-homes-from-the-past-century-18"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20190521-10-dream-homes-from-the-past-century-19"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EConverted from old military barracks by Future Systems husband-and-wife architects Jan Kaplický and Amanda Levete, the Malator House – or the ‘Tellytubby house’, as locals have dubbed it – is a two-bedroom holiday retreat sunk into an artificial hill overlooking the Pembrokeshire coastline.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBuilt in 1998 in the Earth-house style, its plywood roof is camouflaged with grass, making it practically invisible. The inside space is divided by multicoloured service pods containing the bathroom and kitchen, and the living room with a large sofa and fireplace. The only clue that there is habitation inside the hill is an elliptical window, like an eye looking out to sea.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EHouses: Extraordinary Living is published by \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.phaidon.com\u002Fstore\u002Farchitecture\u002Fhouses-extraordinary-living-9780714878096\u002F\" target=\"_blank\"\u003EPhaidon\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003Cbr \u002F\u003EAnd if you liked this story, sign up for the \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003Eweekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Capital and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20190521-10-dream-homes-from-the-past-century-20"}],"collection":[],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-06-12T10:30:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"","headlineLong":"10 dream homes from the past century","headlineShort":"10 dream homes from the past century","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":[],"relatedStories":[],"relatedTag":[],"summaryLong":"From a Modernist desert retreat to a camouflaged turf lodge, a new book, Houses: Extraordinary Living, explores the diversity of some of the world’s most awe-inspiring abodes.","summaryShort":"A selection of remarkable residences of the modern era","tag":[],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2019-05-22T09:16:22.945862Z","entity":"article","guid":"651934b4-af35-4f16-812c-50ae8b9e7e2f","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20190521-10-dream-homes-from-the-past-century","modifiedDateTime":"2021-09-01T12:26:08.736771Z","project":"culture","slug":"20190521-10-dream-homes-from-the-past-century","cacheLastUpdated":1642221620938},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200407-the-surprising-story-of-polands-extraordinary-churches":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200407-the-surprising-story-of-polands-extraordinary-churches","_id":"6183c20245ceed35c775e957","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"Built under difficult conditions, the extraordinary Modernist edifices are an outstanding contribution to 20th-Century architecture, writes Clare Dowdy.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn towns and villages across Poland, 3,000 churches were built between 1945 and 1989. Bizarrely, this boom happened despite the fact that religion went against the ideology of the ruling Communist party. Neither legal nor prohibited, these churches – many of them eye-popping edifices that look as if they’ve arrived from outer space – were a godsend for architects.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMore like this:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E-        \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.co.uk\u002Fculture\u002Fstory\u002F20200331-designer-eileen-grays-home-where-body-and-soul-can-rest\"\u003EA home ‘where body and soul can rest’\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E-        \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.co.uk\u002Fculture\u002Fstory\u002F20200218-the-glamorous-homes-that-reflect-their-owners\"\u003EThe homes that reflect their owners\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E-        \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.co.uk\u002Fculture\u002Fstory\u002F20200117-the-art-of-elegant-compact-living\"\u003EThe art of compact living\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EUnder Polish Communism, there was no free-market economy. “It was impossible to set up an architectural practice,” explains Izabela Cichońska, co-author of the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdom-publishers.com\u002Fproducts\u002Fday-vii-architecture\"\u003Ebook Day-VII Architecture\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, that catalogues these churches.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200407-the-surprising-story-of-polands-extraordinary-churches-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200407-the-surprising-story-of-polands-extraordinary-churches-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESo architects – who spent their days in state design offices creating housing, schools, industrial facilities and cultural centres – worked on churches in their spare time. “It was a great opportunity for an architect to design, away from office structures,” she adds. “They could experiment with forms and take responsibility for their own designs, they could learn how to execute their own ideas and they had a chance to create their own working method.” In the long term, this would stand them in good stead.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200407-the-surprising-story-of-polands-extraordinary-churches-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"They are the most distinctive Polish contribution to the architectural heritage of the 20th Century – Kuba Snopek","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200407-the-surprising-story-of-polands-extraordinary-churches-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EDay-VII Architecture’s co-author Kuba Snopek backs this up: “For the most part, these buildings were created by a young generation of architects… who saw designing churches as a way to realise their creative ambitions. This kind of architecture thus needed an entirely new language of expression and postmodernism, which was infiltrating from the West.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200407-the-surprising-story-of-polands-extraordinary-churches-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200407-the-surprising-story-of-polands-extraordinary-churches-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EHe and Cichońska spent a year and a half collecting data on these structures, many of which are unknown outside of their parish. This is the first time they have been treated as an architectural phenomenon. Despite or perhaps because of their quasi-clandestine nature, these buildings are “the most distinctive Polish contribution to the architectural heritage of the 20th Century,” says Snopek. “Through our project, we were trying to inflict a notion of pride, as many of these churches are the best pieces of architecture in their area.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMost of them are in marked contrast to their concrete, Modernist, prefabricated neighbours: the vast housing estates that they served. Architect Wojciech Jarząbek – one of Poland’s leading representatives of postmodernism – compares the two experiences. “We had already had several years full of passionate work on a housing project for 23,000 inhabitants,” he says, “but this ended with strong frustration after seeing the very bad quality of execution, and not seeing on site any of the architectural details we had designed.” He wanted his Church of Our Lady, Queen of Peace in Wroclaw “to stand in contrast… to the surrounding architecture”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200407-the-surprising-story-of-polands-extraordinary-churches-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200407-the-surprising-story-of-polands-extraordinary-churches-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EEven when the housing and the neighbouring house of God had the same architect, the style was different. This was the case for Henryk Buszko and Aleksander Franta, who designed the Church of the Holy Cross and Our Lady Healer of the Sick in Katowice, which was surrounded by their own housing estate. “This example shows that 1980s Poland actually had two parallel architectures,” says Snopek, “one sponsored and controlled by the state, and the other by the Catholic Church.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200407-the-surprising-story-of-polands-extraordinary-churches-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200407-the-surprising-story-of-polands-extraordinary-churches-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EBut if communism didn’t allow religion, how did these churches get the go-ahead? It was down to a mixture of strong faith and pragmatic politics. “All the PZPR (Communist Party) first secretaries in towns such as Glogów were deeply religious and became party secretaries just for the sake of having a career,” explains architect Jerzy Gurawski in Day-VII Architecture. He designed three churches including Glogów’s Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Queen of Poland. These functionaries needed somewhere to be married and to have their children baptised.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA new wave\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMeanwhile, according to the authors, the biggest wave of church construction was triggered by a political event: the general walkouts organised by the influential labour union Solidarity in 1980. “In the aftermath of the strikes, the government made concessions to the Catholic Church,” explain the authors. “To alleviate the revolutionary mood… they began to issue previously unavailable building permits,” for churches.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDespite the visual feast that the best of these churches represents, their construction is perhaps even more extraordinary than their design. State-controlled building equipment was not available, and nor was there access to building materials. Both had to be borrowed, scavenged or invented, Heath-Robinson-style.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200407-the-surprising-story-of-polands-extraordinary-churches-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200407-the-surprising-story-of-polands-extraordinary-churches-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAs for labour, “those who opposed the regime rallied around the Church, and were inspired to support the construction of new places of worship,” relates architect Maciej Hawrylak in the book. Here, Solidarity indirectly helped again, winning free Saturdays (reducing the working week from six to five days), which allowed labourers spare time to work on their local church.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe hand-built methods using stone and brick were in sharp contrast to the concrete, prefabricated Modernism elsewhere on Polish building sites. “Given the lack of access to machinery, industry and modern-day materials, this move was both ideological and pragmatic,” according to the authors.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200407-the-surprising-story-of-polands-extraordinary-churches-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200407-the-surprising-story-of-polands-extraordinary-churches-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe results could be striking, such as the Church of Our Lady Queen of Peace in Wrocław by Jarząbek, Jan Matkowski and Wacław Hryniewicz, “a post-modernism form complemented by amazing stone and brick work”, says Snopek.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200407-the-surprising-story-of-polands-extraordinary-churches-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"From dawn till dusk, we carried concrete in buckets until we managed to finish the frames – Stanislaw Niemczyk","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200407-the-surprising-story-of-polands-extraordinary-churches-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ETo rally volunteers, priests used the church pulpit on a weekly basis. Architect Marian Tunikowski recounts the unorthodox story of how his Church of Our Lady Queen of Poland in Świdnica got built. “Around 100 to 150 people arrived at the construction site, not knowing what they would do that day. Most of them had no practical experience in construction work.” As it was impossible to get hold of a crane, “this church emerged from a forest of timber scaffolding – just like in the Middle Ages,” he adds.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200407-the-surprising-story-of-polands-extraordinary-churches-16"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200407-the-surprising-story-of-polands-extraordinary-churches-17"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EStanisław Niemczyk – architect of five churches, including Church of the Holy Spirit in Tychy – had a similar experience when industrial cement mixers were unavailable. In the past, each household in Poland had a concrete mixer fashioned out of a bicycle wheel and a barrel, and these were put to use. “From dawn till dusk, we carried concrete in buckets until we managed to finish the frames,” he says in the book.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAs well as being generally better paid than government work, church design could act as a springboard into a professional career in the 1990s, after the collapse of communism in 1989. “The vast majority of architectural offices (along with developers and small construction companies) who dominated the market in the 1990s had their roots in church construction,” says Snopek.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200407-the-surprising-story-of-polands-extraordinary-churches-18"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200407-the-surprising-story-of-polands-extraordinary-churches-19"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThis was the case for Tunikowski, who set up his own practice. Likewise, Jarząbek, who went on to design the Solpol department store in Wrocław, seen as an icon of Polish postmodern architecture. “But the number one (project) in my portfolio is our church,” Jarząbek says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGiven the nature of the construction, building work often went on for years, and the last project wasn’t completed until 2004. They remain a snapshot in time, because no church has been built since this frenzied period. As Snopek puts it: “The country is saturated.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdom-publishers.com\u002Fproducts\u002Fday-vii-architecture\"\u003EDay-VII Architecture\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: A Catalogue of Polish Churches post 1945 is published by DOM\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List, a handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200407-the-surprising-story-of-polands-extraordinary-churches-20"}],"collection":[],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-04-08T09:30:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"","headlineLong":"The eye-popping churches of Communist Poland","headlineShort":"Poland's extraordinary churches","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":[],"relatedStories":[],"relatedTag":[],"summaryLong":"Built under difficult conditions, the extraordinary Modernist edifices are an outstanding contribution to 20th-Century architecture, writes Clare Dowdy.","summaryShort":"The unexpected story behind these eye-popping Modernist edifices","tag":[],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2020-04-08T08:51:32.69113Z","entity":"article","guid":"53f54e01-22ab-49f3-98d8-bc39d3f55b18","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200407-the-surprising-story-of-polands-extraordinary-churches","modifiedDateTime":"2021-09-01T12:54:24.812521Z","project":"culture","slug":"20200407-the-surprising-story-of-polands-extraordinary-churches","cacheLastUpdated":1642221620938},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20201215-inside-the-homes-of-remarkable-artists-and-writers":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20201215-inside-the-homes-of-remarkable-artists-and-writers","_id":"6183c21845ceed37cb71729b","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"What do these intriguing interiors tell us about their creative occupants? Andrea Marechal Watson finds some answers in a new book, Life Meets Art.","businessUnit":"public service","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIf our homes reflect our characters, then the home of an artist is likely to be particularly intriguing. A new book, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.phaidon.com\u002Fstore\u002Fdesign\u002Flife-meets-art-9781838661311\u002F\"\u003ELife Meets Art\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: Inside the Homes of the World’s Most Creative People, opens the doors to a collection of interiors that have all at some point belonged to famous artists, sculptors, musicians or writers.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMore like this:\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20201208-cottagecore-and-the-rise-of-the-modern-rural-fantasy\"\u003E- How rural bliss became a modern fantasy\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20201113-why-gen-z-and-millennials-go-wild-for-vintage-clothes\"\u003E- Why buying vintage is 'the new luxury'\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20201127-how-dressing-up-can-make-us-happy\"\u003E- How dressing up can make us happy\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWorking his way around the world, author Sam Lubell chose 250 of the most photogenic and memorable residences he found. Some are now museums containing works by the artists who lived and often worked in them; others can best be described as shrines.   \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20201215-inside-the-homes-of-remarkable-artists-and-writers-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20201215-inside-the-homes-of-remarkable-artists-and-writers-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EWhat do all these homes say about their owners? Well, for one thing they do not support the common image of the 'starving artist in their garret'. The book, with very few exceptions, is packed with sumptuous, elegant and richly decorated and furnished homes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20201215-inside-the-homes-of-remarkable-artists-and-writers-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"The furnishings and personal effects of an artist can tell their story – Lucy Porten","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20201215-inside-the-homes-of-remarkable-artists-and-writers-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ELubell admits: \"If I did not like a place, I generally rejected it\". But it would be a mistake to think that, given the subject matter, this book is a compendium of good taste or a bible for decorators. Even though many rooms have been heavily curated, there's still usually a sense of personality about them; an aura of the occupant, whether in the old pianos, bookcases and writing desks, or in the collected antiques and personal items. \"The furnishings and personal effects of an artist can tell their story,\" says National Trust curator Lucy Porten.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the case of the family villa built by the Secessionist architect Otto Wagner, the personal effects of its last owner certainly tell a story. The villa, considered Vienna's greatest Art Nouveau space, is today filled with incongruous artworks by Ernst Fuchs, a founder of the school of Fantastic Realism.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20201215-inside-the-homes-of-remarkable-artists-and-writers-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20201215-inside-the-homes-of-remarkable-artists-and-writers-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe story goes that as a penniless boy, Fuchs knew the house, and promised that he would one day buy it for his mother. By 1970, the then-abandoned villa was due for demolition, and Fuchs was able to fulfil his dream. He restored the villa in a hybrid of styles, and filled it with his fantastical art works. It is now called the Ernst Fuchs Museum.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETempting as it is to assume that musicians and writers and other non-visual artists are generally unaware of their surroundings because their heads are full of higher things, it is not possible to make sweeping generalisations about the way artists live.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe homes of Puccini and Tchaikovsky were both well-ordered sanctuaries full of gorgeous antiques where they could compose in peace, whereas jazz legend Louis Armstrong wanted only to live in a vibrant neighbourhood. Despite the huge wealth he amassed, Armstrong chose to remain in a working-class, racially mixed area in Queens, New York.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20201215-inside-the-homes-of-remarkable-artists-and-writers-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20201215-inside-the-homes-of-remarkable-artists-and-writers-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAnother generalisation that falls apart when you explore the pages of Life Meets Art is that the homes of painters will somehow reflect the style of their paintings. Take a look at the habitat of Peter Paul Rubens, whose oils are a byword for voluptuous women and sometimes distressing scenes. Yet his home in Antwerp, Belgium, for which he drew the plans, is restrained.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhile the house is much altered, basic elements like the portico and pavilion – based on Italian Renaissance proportions – remain exactly as Rubens designed them. Why an artist so devoted to perfect proportions in spaces should have produced so many chaotic and disordered paintings is a mystery.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe home of sculptor Gustav Vigeland again displays a taste that seems diametrically opposed to what Lubell calls the \"zestfully physical\" works the Norwegian created, and which are now displayed at Vigeland Park in Oslo. Vigeland's home and studio is located in an austere red-brick building, designed by architect Lorentz Ree, which was built by the city elders in return for the pledge of his art collection.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20201215-inside-the-homes-of-remarkable-artists-and-writers-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20201215-inside-the-homes-of-remarkable-artists-and-writers-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EPerhaps having a home of his own was the incentive, but never having pursued interior design beforehand, Vigeland did an about-face and created a series of graceful pastel drawings of every last item of furniture, from pillows to candlesticks and lamps.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EColourful souls\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe German playwright and poet Friedrich von Schiller died just three years after finally buying his own home. In 1802, at the age of 42, Schiller – a colossus of the Enlightenment and a startlingly modern writer – had moved with his family to a mustard yellow house in Weimar, close to his good friend and collaborator Goethe. It is a fine two-storey town house of a surprisingly high standard for a writer of the period.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\"These days I finally realised an old wish to own my own house,\" he wrote to his publisher. \"Because I have now given up all thoughts about moving away from Weimar and think that I will live and die here.\" It was prophetic. Exhausted by his tireless work and illness, sadly Schiller died here just three years later.  \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20201215-inside-the-homes-of-remarkable-artists-and-writers-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20201215-inside-the-homes-of-remarkable-artists-and-writers-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn the introduction to Life Meets Art we learn that Coco Chanel once said that an interior is \"a natural projection of the soul\". A good example is Villa Santo Sospir in Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat near Nice, where Jean Cocteau lived. It belonged to his patron Françine Weisweiller, who in 1950 invited Cocteau to stay for a week's holiday. Little did she know he would stay for 11 years, covering every surface with designs mostly inspired by subjects of the Greek pantheon.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHe used a limited palette and called the sketches \"tattoos\", and so the house, now a national monument, became known as the Tattooed Villa. \"We have tried to vanquish the spirit of destruction that has dominated our era,\" Cocteau said. \"We have decorated surfaces that men dream of destroying.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20201215-inside-the-homes-of-remarkable-artists-and-writers-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20201215-inside-the-homes-of-remarkable-artists-and-writers-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAnother house that dramatically projects the colourful soul of its aristocratic owner is that of Lord Leighton, the Victorian artist and sculptor renowned for his painting \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Farticle\u002F20161115-the-erotic-masterpiece-we-nearly-lost\"\u003EFlaming June\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, a vision of a Pre-Raphaelite muse swathed in orange silk and fainting from the summer heat.   \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20201215-inside-the-homes-of-remarkable-artists-and-writers-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"The studio is the crucible, it's where the alchemical process all begins – Louisa Buck","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20201215-inside-the-homes-of-remarkable-artists-and-writers-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ELeighton House in Holland Park, London, began life as a simple brick structure with a double-height ceiling on a plot that Leighton had purchased. A secret doorway once allowed models to come inside without being seen by prudish Victorian neighbours. Numerous additions – inspired by Leighton’s travels – were later made to the building. The most memorable is the 'Arab hall', modelled after a 12th-Century palace in Sicily, with a peculiar mixture of Moorish tiles and fretwork, gilt friezes and classical columns.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20201215-inside-the-homes-of-remarkable-artists-and-writers-16"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20201215-inside-the-homes-of-remarkable-artists-and-writers-17"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn order to solve the problem of winter smog, Leighton added a large 'winter studio' to the house that looked like a greenhouse on legs. His last addition was the 'silk room' filled with paintings and sculptures, several of them works by artists from a battalion known as the Artists' Rifles – a voluntary force, founded in 1859, of painters, musicians, actors and architects – that Leighton commanded in its early years. Leighton was elevated to baron in 1896 but died of a heart attack at his Kensington home a day later, becoming the shortest-lived hereditary peerage in British history.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPreserved artists' studios are always magnets for visitors, and while Leighton House is atypical, Life Meets Art is crammed with other examples. Among the most famous is the East Hampton barn where Jackson Pollock created his famous drip paintings, traces of which are still to be seen on the floor. \"People are always fascinated by where art comes from. It's a mystery even to the artist often,\" Louisa Buck, contemporary art correspondent for the Art Newspaper, tells BBC Culture. \"The studio is the crucible; it's where the alchemical process all begins.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMany of the interiors in Life Meets Art are of their time, but others feel surprisingly modern for their era. One striking example is the house of Danish furniture designer and architect Finn Juhl, which could have jumped straight from the pages of a current interiors magazine. The open-plan residence with its cool colours, classic Modernist chairs and hand-crafted everything anticipates today's interiors to perfection.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20201215-inside-the-homes-of-remarkable-artists-and-writers-18"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20201215-inside-the-homes-of-remarkable-artists-and-writers-19"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EMeanwhile, the 'Organic House' of contemporary Mexican architect and designer Javier Senosiain near Mexico City may anticipate the future of architecture and design. The hobbit-like building is entirely inspired by curvilinear natural forms, such as mushrooms and seashells.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWith an exterior covered in grass, flowers and shrubs, it boasts one of the world's first fully green roofs. The interior resembles the inside of a cave network. \"The straight line is pretty much absent from nature: everything... shifts in spirals,\" says Senosiain in the book.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the home of the ceramicist Kawai Kanjirō in Kyoto, Japan we find a shrine to his craft. Kanjirō was one of the founders of the Mingei, a Japanese folk-art movement that has parallels with the Arts and Crafts movement.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20201215-inside-the-homes-of-remarkable-artists-and-writers-20"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20201215-inside-the-homes-of-remarkable-artists-and-writers-21"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EWorking with his architect brother, Kanjirō's home is a cross between a rural farmhouse and modern urban home, and it clearly reflects his passion for blending modern techniques with traditional crafts. Within the walls are immaculately ordered and arranged examples of everything that Kanjirō and the Mingei movement admired in the work of humble, ordinary people, from simple organic forms to earthy colours.  It is an aesthetic that captures the spirit of today's young designers to perfection. And like all artists' homes, it gives an intriguing insight into the occupant's temperament and preoccupations.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.phaidon.com\u002Fagenda\u002Fdesign\u002Farticles\u002F2020\u002Fnovember\u002F25\u002Flife-meets-art-is-the-gift-to-rekindle-their-creativity\u002F\"\u003ELife Meets Art: Inside the Homes of the World's Most Creative People\u003C\u002Fa\u003E by Sam Lubell is published by Phaidon.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20201215-inside-the-homes-of-remarkable-artists-and-writers-22"}],"collection":[],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-12-16T00:30:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","headlineLong":"Inside the homes of remarkable artists and writers","headlineShort":"Inside the homes of remarkable artists","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":[],"relatedStories":[],"relatedTag":[],"summaryLong":"What do these intriguing interiors tell us about their creative occupants? Andrea Marechal Watson finds some answers in a new book, Life Meets Art.","summaryShort":"What do these intriguing interiors tell us about their creative occupants?","tag":[],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2020-12-16T00:30:48.576224Z","entity":"article","guid":"61e1b81f-90e2-4cfc-95d0-09971f314d2f","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20201215-inside-the-homes-of-remarkable-artists-and-writers","modifiedDateTime":"2021-09-01T13:09:20.343901Z","project":"culture","slug":"20201215-inside-the-homes-of-remarkable-artists-and-writers","cacheLastUpdated":1642221620938},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20191217-dubai-design-week-a-traditional-craft-given-a-new-spin":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20191217-dubai-design-week-a-traditional-craft-given-a-new-spin","_id":"6183c1be45ceed15fc6bf65a","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"video","assetVideo":[],"author":[],"bodyIntro":"The Saudi architect Shahad Alazzaz and local palm-weaving artesans have created a playful pavilion for the Dubai event. In this video, she explains how the project came about.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EWhile \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.dubaidesignweek.ae\u002F\"\u003EDubai Design Week\u003C\u002Fa\u003E looks to the future, with Gulf countries embracing the 21st-Century pace of change, the event also celebrates traditional skills. It showcased several designers finding new ways of incorporating time-honoured crafts into their work.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAt this year’s event the palm tree – a national symbol – was given a makeover. Woven fronds from the tree have been used to create an entire pavilion.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Riyadh-based architect Shahad Alazzaz has joined forces with Ithra, the Eastern Province’s Centre for World Culture, to rework traditional palm-weaving into a modern, accessible design.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe traditional craft of palm-frond weaving was being left behind,  overtaken by rapid modernisation. But Alazzaz is keen to create a new profile for the industry, and her initial step was to take weaving outside its usual domestic milieu. The pavilion aims to showcase both the creativity of the artisans and the flexibility of the material itself.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EClick play on the video above to learn more\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List, a handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20191217-dubai-design-week-a-traditional-craft-given-a-new-spin-0"}],"collection":[],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-12-17T12:33:10.953Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"","headlineLong":"Dubai Design Week: a traditional craft given a new spin","headlineShort":"A traditional craft given a new spin","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":[],"relatedStories":[],"relatedTag":[],"summaryLong":"The Saudi architect Shahad Alazzaz and local palm-weaving artesans have created a playful pavilion for the Dubai event. In this video, she explains how the project came about.","summaryShort":"A Saudi architect at Dubai Design Week has put palm-weaving in the spotlight","tag":[],"textToSpeech":false,"creationDateTime":"2019-12-17T12:40:00.371513Z","entity":"article","guid":"3fd1525e-d39d-4d33-851b-be8825d5643f","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20191217-dubai-design-week-a-traditional-craft-given-a-new-spin","modifiedDateTime":"2022-01-05T14:40:04.218099Z","project":"culture","slug":"20191217-dubai-design-week-a-traditional-craft-given-a-new-spin","cacheLastUpdated":1642221620939},"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200331-designer-eileen-grays-home-where-body-and-soul-can-rest":{"urn":"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200331-designer-eileen-grays-home-where-body-and-soul-can-rest","_id":"6183c1bf45ceed08e60a8c1f","ambientVideo":"","articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"Forgotten for many decades, the architect Eileen Gray was a visionary whose designs engaged with the senses and offered wellbeing. Lindsay Baker looks back at her life and work.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EEileen Gray was a fabulously glamorous figure, at the epicentre of the Parisian beau monde of the Roaring ’20s. She was elegantly dressed by the haute-couture designers of the era, Poiret and Lanvin, and she met many of the starry figures of the times, from Pablo Picasso to Frida Kahlo and James Joyce. Born into a well-to-do Irish family, she was an adventurous, independent soul, who at the age of 20 enrolled at the bohemian Slade School of Art in London. From there she moved to Paris, and proceeded to live in France for the rest of her life, dividing her time between Paris and the Côte d’Azur. She had relationships with notable, creative people – both women and men – and was the first woman in Paris to attain a driving licence; later she took flying lessons too.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMore like this:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E-        \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Fstory\u002F20200218-the-glamorous-homes-that-reflect-their-owners\"\u003EThe homes that reflect their owners\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E-        \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Fstory\u002F20191021-charlotte-perriand-the-radical-unsung-heroine-of-design\"\u003EThe radical, unsung heroine of design\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E-        \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fculture\u002Fstory\u002F20171103-case-study-houses-the-creation-of-the-modern-dream-home\"\u003ECase study houses: California dreaming\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHowever the most extraordinary thing about Gray was her talent. She was a visionary, pioneering designer, and uniquely successful in what was then the wholly male-dominated world of architecture and design. Originally a purveyor of Art Deco style, by the mid 1920s she became an architect, and a keen advocate of Modernism.  Her achievements were completely – scandalously – overlooked for decades. She was rediscovered in the 1970s, and since then her work has been widely acclaimed. It is hugely sought after – in 2009, her Dragons armchair was sold at auction in Paris for $28.3m, a record for 20th-Century decorative art.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200331-designer-eileen-grays-home-where-body-and-soul-can-rest-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200331-designer-eileen-grays-home-where-body-and-soul-can-rest-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EShe was recently the subject of a retrospective at \u003Ca href=\"file:\u002F\u002F\u002FVolumes\u002FMedia-10\u002FBBCWorld\u002FBBCCom\u002FCulture\u002FDesigned\u002FEileen%20Gray\u002Fard.edu\u002Fgallery\u002Fexhibitions\u002F99\u002Feileen-gray\"\u003ENew York’s Bard Graduate Center\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in collaboration with the Pompidou Centre, Paris. While the centre is surrently closed, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fexhibitions.bgc.bard.edu\u002Feileengray\u002F\"\u003Ea virtual tour of the exhibition\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, and more, can be viewed online. The exhibition’s curator Cloé Pitiot is clear about Gray’s significance. “In terms of art history,” she tells BBC Designed, “Eileen Gray is the one and only designer of her time to have such a varied practice in the creation of furniture and objects… Her very vision of design, beyond the pieces she actually created, was innovative.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhen she moved to Paris, Gray become the first western practitioner of Japanese lacquer, having studied the challenging craft under Japanese master Seizo Sugawara. By the 1920s she was creating original and distinctive lacquered screens and architectural panelling, as well as deluxe Parisian Art Deco furniture. It was highly unusual at the time for a woman designer to be operating on her own, and in 1910, she set up a workshop for furniture-making and weaving of rugs and carpets. By 1919 she was being commissioned to design home interiors, including the apartments of the Maharajah of Indore, and society hostess Juliette Levy, in Rue de Lota. “Her style is thoroughly modern,” said Harper’s Bazaar magazine.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200331-designer-eileen-grays-home-where-body-and-soul-can-rest-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200331-designer-eileen-grays-home-where-body-and-soul-can-rest-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe furniture in the Rue de Lota apartment included some of the designs that remain her best-known, including the Bibendum Chair – a take on the famous Michelin Man mascot, with tyre-like shapes on a chromed steel frame – and the Pirogue day bed, gondola-shaped, with a patinated bronze lacquer finish. As Pitiot puts it: “Her furniture, whether in lacquer, parchment, burnt pine, metal tube or cork, has always appeared to be avant-garde. The great designers of her time, such as Jean Dunand or Armand-Albert Rateau, worked strictly in their chosen fields to become experts, while Eileen Gray constantly stepped out of her comfort zone to innovate, experiment, and develop new shapes, lines, and functions for her designs.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200331-designer-eileen-grays-home-where-body-and-soul-can-rest-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200331-designer-eileen-grays-home-where-body-and-soul-can-rest-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Gray always maintained an interest in the feel and effect of materials, and her furniture engaged directly with the senses","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200331-designer-eileen-grays-home-where-body-and-soul-can-rest-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAround this time, Gray was in a “discreet relationship” with the nightclub singer Marisa Damia, according to the biography \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Firishacademicpress.ie\u002Fproduct\u002Feileen-gray-her-work-and-her-world\u002F\"\u003EEileen Gray: Her Work and Her World\u003C\u002Fa\u003E by Jennifer Goff, who is also curator of the Gray collection at the National Museum of Ireland. Gray had by then opened a shop, named Jean Desert, on the city’s most fashionable street, Faubourg Saint-Honoré. The boutique offered a range of her work, from furniture and rugs, to paintings and graphics, and became a meeting place for the artistic beau monde – the Rothschilds, Nancy Cunard, Elsa Schiaparelli and writers including James Joyce and Ezra Pound all gathered there. The Chicago Tribune described the shop as “an adventure, an experience with the unheard of, a sojourn into the never-before-seen”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200331-designer-eileen-grays-home-where-body-and-soul-can-rest-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200331-designer-eileen-grays-home-where-body-and-soul-can-rest-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn the mid-to-late 1920s, Gray became a keen advocate of pared-back Modernism, and became interested in architecture, learning technical drawing. She began work on several projects with her mentor, the Romanian architect Jean Badovici, who became her lover. And next came her most extraordinary achievement, the first of several architectural projects, the villa, named E-1027, in Roquebrune Cap-Martin in the south of France. It is a stunning creation, a white cuboid, perched high on a cliff overlooking the sea. It was formulated on the principles of new architecture that had been set out by Le Corbusier – open-plan, the house is raised on pillars and has horizontal windows, an open façade and a roof accessible by stairs. The villa E-1027 is described by Goff in her book as “a masterpiece of 20th-Century architecture”. When it was finished, Gray presented it to Badovici as a gift.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200331-designer-eileen-grays-home-where-body-and-soul-can-rest-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200331-designer-eileen-grays-home-where-body-and-soul-can-rest-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn her book, Goff argues that the villa was Gray’s own creation, rather than a collaboration. “Significantly,” she writes, “all the extant plans are solely in Gray’s hand.” And the villa at Roquebrune Cap-Martin is a remarkable achievement as much on the inside as the outside – unlike many Modernists of the era, Gray saw both as equally important. She wrote at the time: “The interior plan should not be the incidental result of the façade; it should lead to a complete harmonious, and logical life.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200331-designer-eileen-grays-home-where-body-and-soul-can-rest-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Eileen Gray’s architecture breathes, and offers the inhabitant an open space where both body and soul can rest – Cloé Pitiot  ","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200331-designer-eileen-grays-home-where-body-and-soul-can-rest-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EWhen Gray designed her own Modernist house, she put into practice her expressed belief that a designer should be guided by “human needs” and that “the art of the engineer” was not enough. “A house is not a machine” is the most frequently quoted remark by Gray, a comment that was in direct opposition to Le Corbusier’s famous phrase in his 1927 manifesto: “A house is a machine for living in”. So what did Gray mean by her remark? As Pitiot puts it: “Architecture for her is a form of journey, an accompaniment for the body and mind of its inhabitant. Through her architectural proposals, she sought to achieve a form of symbiosis between the landscape, space, furniture, body, and soul. Her architecture, in this sense, is elastic, and we see this in elements of her designs. For example, window screens she designed specifically for E-1027 open and close using a system of sliding shutters so they could be adjusted throughout the day depending on sunlight. In this way, Eileen Gray’s architecture breathes and offers the inhabitant an open space where both body and soul can rest.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200331-designer-eileen-grays-home-where-body-and-soul-can-rest-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200331-designer-eileen-grays-home-where-body-and-soul-can-rest-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EBadovici himself wrote in 1924 in l’Architecture Vivante, that Gray’s designs revealed “an atmosphere of boundless plasticity, where different perspectives meld, where each object is subsumed into a mysterious, living unity. Space itself is for Eileen Gray just another material that can be transformed and molded depending on the needs of the décor; she allows herself an infinite number of possibilities.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHuman needs\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGray was clearly boundary-breaking and adventurous, and her life story certainly suggests a glamorous figure, at the centre of Parisian social life. Yet for all the stunning outfits and famous acquaintances, Gray was much more than a fashionable flapper or social butterfly. There was a bravery, resilience and complexity about her – and, interestingly, in her book Goff describes her as a “shy” person. Certainly her life was not always easy. During World War Two, Gray was interned as a foreign national, her houses were looted, and many of her drawings and models were destroyed by bombing. Nazi soldiers used the walls of the E-1027 villa for target practice.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESo how did Gray’s life experiences and personality feed into her work?  “She had a very independent, free, and elastic personality,” says Pitiot. “Gray faced many difficult periods throughout her life… She persisted, however, and each time went on to create with ever-greater freedom. Gray was open-minded and sincere. She was passionate about other cultures and other ways of life, and this conscientiousness, curiosity, and humanity is evident in all her projects, from the socially-driven designs like the Camping Tent, which was an economical and demountable home, to her proposals for workers’ housing.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200331-designer-eileen-grays-home-where-body-and-soul-can-rest-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200331-designer-eileen-grays-home-where-body-and-soul-can-rest-16"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EGray was a designer who defied convention and easy categorisation, but always maintained an interest in the feel and effect of materials, and her furniture engaged directly with the senses, in a way that set her apart. As Pitiot says: “She was not afraid to be herself and to embrace and realise her ideas… She creates peaceful spaces that conform to the needs of the people using them, with designs for fixed and mobile furniture that glides, slides, pivots, and serves many purposes simultaneously. In her interiors, this furniture becomes another sort of living being that responds and adapts to serve both the physical and spiritual needs of its user.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200331-designer-eileen-grays-home-where-body-and-soul-can-rest-17"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200331-designer-eileen-grays-home-where-body-and-soul-can-rest-18"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"‘Human needs’ to Gray signify both material and spiritual needs – Cloé Pitiot","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200331-designer-eileen-grays-home-where-body-and-soul-can-rest-19"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAnd the designer’s equal focus on a building’s interior was central to her thinking. She wrote: “The interior plan should not be the incidental result of the façade; it should lead to a complete harmonious, and logical life.” Her ‘camping’ style furniture was functional and lightweight, her elegant armchairs geometric but luxuriously comfortable.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E“’Human needs’ to Gray signify both material and spiritual needs,” says Pitiot. “She was one of the few designers during the period to design with the physical and material needs of the user in mind, while also reflecting on psychological needs. For Gray, each object is a considered design that responds to a unique need and, beyond its function, serves to promote the well-being of its human user.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200331-designer-eileen-grays-home-where-body-and-soul-can-rest-20"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200331-designer-eileen-grays-home-where-body-and-soul-can-rest-21"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EBy 1930 Gray more or less stopped creating work, and was almost completely forgotten. As head of furniture, textiles and fashion at London’s \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.vam.ac.uk\u002Fcontent\u002Farticles\u002Fe\u002Feileen-gray\u002F\"\u003EV&A\u003C\u002Fa\u003E Museum, Christopher Wilk, puts it: “She really was a figure who was lost to history and to the design community until relatively recently. Now, that’s clearly because she was a woman. She said that she was a no-one as far as the French architectural world was concerned. And the story of Eileen Gray is really the story of retrieval. You look at her work, and you think, how could a woman of this talent ever have been forgotten? How come decades went by when essentially nobody knew about her?”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200331-designer-eileen-grays-home-where-body-and-soul-can-rest-22"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200331-designer-eileen-grays-home-where-body-and-soul-can-rest-23"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EGray lived quietly in the seaside town of Menton, high in the mountains, in her small two-bedroomed house with a large terrace and panoramic view, and disappeared from the public consciousness. Until, that is, the late 1960s, when an essay appeared about her work in the Italian design magazine Domus. At an auction in Paris in 1972 Yves Saint Laurent acquired one of her pieces, and an exhibition in London soon followed, then one in Dublin. At the Dublin event, the 95-year-old Gray was given an honorary fellowship by the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland. She died in Paris in 1976 at the age of 98, and though she is buried at Père Lachaise cemetery, because her family omitted to pay the licence fee, her grave is not identifiable.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200331-designer-eileen-grays-home-where-body-and-soul-can-rest-24"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageOrientation":"landscape","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200331-designer-eileen-grays-home-where-body-and-soul-can-rest-25"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EBut Gray’s vision is very much still alive. The British architect and furniture designer Amanda Levete is among Gray’s many fans, and \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.vam.ac.uk\u002Fcontent\u002Farticles\u002Fe\u002Feileen-gray\u002F\"\u003Ehas said\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. “The [Transat] chair is very expressive of a direct relationship between architecture and design. In a sense it’s like architecture in miniature.” The E1027 villa, says Levete, was “an opportunity to create a total environment,” and the Transat chair “was named after the deck chair you would find on a transatlantic cruise liner. The very form of the chair is suggestive of a kind of sensualism and a relaxation, and a kind of lying back and observing or reading. This house she designed was like a beached liner that was slung across the rocks, and the form of the chair makes you think of a languid afternoon in the Mediterranean looking out to sea.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EFor more information about Eileen Gray, visit the Bard Graduate Center's \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fexhibitions.bgc.bard.edu\u002Feileengray\u002F\"\u003Emicrosite\u003C\u002Fa\u003E dedicated to the exhibition, featuring a virtual tour of the exhibition, a digital flipbook of Gray's portfolio, and more.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIf you would like to comment on this story or anything else you have seen on BBC Culture, head over to our \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fpages\u002FBBC-Culture\u002F237388053065908\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFacebook\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E page or message us on\u003C\u002Fem\u003E \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftwitter.com\u002Fbbc_culture\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETwitter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAnd if you liked this story, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fpages.emails.bbc.com\u002Fsubscribe\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Esign up for the weekly bbc.com features newsletter\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, called The Essential List, a handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Culture, Worklife and Travel, delivered to your inbox every Friday.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"culture\u002Farticle\u002F20200331-designer-eileen-grays-home-where-body-and-soul-can-rest-26"}],"collection":[],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2020-04-01T09:30:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"","headlineLong":"A home ‘where body and soul can rest’","headlineShort":"A home ‘where body and soul can rest’","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"culture","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":[],"relatedStories":[],"relatedTag":[],"summaryLong":"Forgotten for many decades, the architect Eileen Gray was a visionary whose designs engaged with the senses and offered wellbeing. 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It was a moment which was quite unnerving but we came together.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENow the principal of Zaha Hadid Architects, Schumacher explains how the firm set about completing the works started by Hadid, including Beijing airport and the 45-storey Leeza Soho skyscraper, also in Beijing, which has the tallest atrium in the world twisting through its centre.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe firm has also taken on several new commissions, and is researching how it can evolve to meet the challenges of environmental change in the future. There are “architectural solutions” says Schumacher, including what he calls “adaptive” and “passive” systems, that can help us look at the future differently.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EWatch the video with Patrik Schumacher above. 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