AMS Donor Stories

<!doctype html> <html lang="en" data-bs-theme="auto"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <style type="text/css">.img-rounded { margin-right: 20px; } .row article { max-width: 80%; } article p img { max-width: 250px!important; } </style> <title> AMS Donor Stories</title>    <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://www.ams.org/images/Logo-Favicon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://www.ams.org/images/Logo-Favicon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://www.ams.org/images/Logo-Favicon.png">   <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-26G4XFTR63"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-26G4XFTR63'); </script>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-P3772VN');</script>     <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-PQJKQL');</script>   <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-2791151-1', 'auto', {'allowLinker': true }); ga('require', 'linker'); ga('linker:autoLink', ['www.ams.org','bookstore.ams.org','ebus.ams.org']); ga('set', 'hostname', 'www.ams.org'); ga('require', 'linkid'); ga('require', 'displayfeatures'); ga('send', 'pageview'); function amsTrackEvent (category, action, label) { ga('send', 'event', category, action, label); } function amsTrackPageview (page) { ga('send', 'pageview', page); } function amsAddTracking () { var contentDiv = document.getElementById('amsContentDiv'); if (!contentDiv) return 0; var aTags = contentDiv.getElementsByTagName('A'); for (i = 0; i < aTags.length; i++) { var url = aTags[i].href; url = url.replace(/.*ams.org/,''); if (url.match(/\.htm(l)?$/i) || ! url.match(/\./) ) { continue; } if (document.addEventListener) { aTags[i].addEventListener('click', function () { amsTrackPageview(url) }, false); } else { aTags[i].attachEvent('onclick', function () { amsTrackPageview(url) }); } } } if (window.addEventListener) window.addEventListener('load', amsAddTracking, false); else if (window.attachEvent) window.attachEvent('onload', amsAddTracking); </script>    <script> (function(h,o,t,j,a,r){ h.hj=h.hj||function(){(h.hj.q=h.hj.q||[]).push(arguments)}; h._hjSettings={hjid:1104779,hjsv:6}; a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1; r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv; a.appendChild(r); })(window,document,'https://static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-','.js?sv='); </script>   <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="AMS News" href="https://www.ams.org/cgi-bin/content/news_items.cgi?rss=1" />  <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "name": "American Mathematical Society", "url": "http://www.ams.org", "logo": "https://www.ams.org/images/content/logo.png", "sameAs": [ "https://www.facebook.com/amermathsoc", "https://twitter.com/amermathsoc", "https://www.linkedin.com/company/american-mathematical-society" ], "contactPoint": [ { "@type": "ContactPoint", "telephone": "+1-800-321-4267", "faxNumber": "+1-401-455-4000", "contactType": "Customer Service", "productSupported": "Corporate Operations", "contactOption": "TollFree", "areaServed": "Worldwide", "hoursAvailable": { "@type": "OpeningHoursSpecification", "dayOfWeek": [ "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday" ], "opens": "08:00", "closes": "16:15" } }, { "@type": "ContactPoint", "telephone": "+1-919-515-7863", "faxNumber": "+1-919-515-7896", "contactType": "Customer Service", "productSupported": "American Mathematical Society: Office of the Secretary (Governance)", "areaServed": ["US"], "availableLanguage": ["English"], "hoursAvailable": { "@type": "OpeningHoursSpecification", "dayOfWeek": [ "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday" ], "opens": "08:00", "closes": "16:15" } } ], "address": [ { "@type": "PostalAddress", "streetAddress": "201 Charles Street", "addressLocality": "Providence", "addressRegion": "RI", "postalCode": "02904-2213", "addressCountry": "US" }, { "@type": "PostalAddress", "streetAddress": "P.O. Box 6248", "addressLocality": "Providence", "addressRegion": "RI", "postalCode": "02940-6248", "addressCountry": "US" }, { "@type": "PostalAddress", "streetAddress": "416 4th Street", "addressLocality": "Ann Arbor", "addressRegion": "MI", "postalCode": "48103-4820", "addressCountry": "US" }, { "@type": "PostalAddress", "streetAddress": "1527 Eighteenth Street, NW", "addressLocality": "Washington", "addressRegion": "DC", "postalCode": "20036-1358", "addressCountry": "US" } ], "foundingDate": "1888", "description": "The American Mathematical Society is dedicated to advancing research and connecting the diverse global mathematical community through publications, meetings, advocacy, and professional services.", "department": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Office of Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion", "description": "The mission of the Office of Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI) is to integrate EDI throughout the organization; provide guidance on the timing and language of AMS communications related to EDI; and work closely with AMS staff and governance, including the AMS Committee on Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (CoEDI), to fulfill the goals of AMS towards the full participation of all mathematicians.", "address": { "@type": "PostalAddress", "streetAddress": "Washington, DC Office", "addressLocality": "Washington", "addressRegion": "DC", "addressCountry": "US" }, "contactPoint": { "@type": "ContactPoint", "telephone": "+1-401-455-4122", "contactType": "Customer Service" } }, { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Development", "description": "The Development Department supports the mission of the American Mathematical Society by encouraging and facilitating philanthropic generosity and promoting active involvement by AMS members and friends. We create, promote, manage, conduct, and evaluate philanthropic programs and services that are fully integrated into the life and culture of the AMS.", "address": { "@type": "PostalAddress", "streetAddress": "201 Charles Street", "addressLocality": "Providence", "addressRegion": "RI", "postalCode": "02904", "addressCountry": "US" } }, { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Membership", "description": "The mission of the Membership Department is to recruit and retain AMS members by connecting them to the AMS mission and engaging them with AMS publications, meetings, advocacy, and professional programs and services provided to the mathematical community.", "address": { "@type": "PostalAddress", "streetAddress": "201 Charles Street", "addressLocality": "Providence", "addressRegion": "RI", "postalCode": "02904", "addressCountry": "US" } }, { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Programs", "description": "The mission of the Programs Department is to manage AMS programs, resources, and services that support the professional development of members of the mathematical community at training and career stages ranging from secondary school teachers and students through established researchers, educators, practitioners, and leaders.", "address": { "@type": "PostalAddress", "streetAddress": "201 Charles Street", "addressLocality": "Providence", "addressRegion": "RI", "postalCode": "02904", "addressCountry": "US" } }, { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Headquarters", "description": "American Mathematical Society headquarters, providing overall leadership and administration.", "address": { "@type": "PostalAddress", "streetAddress": "201 Charles Street", "addressLocality": "Providence", "addressRegion": "RI", "postalCode": "02904-2213", "addressCountry": "US" }, "contactPoint": [ { "@type": "ContactPoint", "telephone": "+1-401-455-4000", "contactType": "Customer Service", "hoursAvailable": { "@type": "OpeningHoursSpecification", "dayOfWeek": [ "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday" ], "opens": "08:00", "closes": "16:15" } }, { "@type": "ContactPoint", "telephone": "+1-800-321-4267", "contactType": "Customer Service", "contactOption": "TollFree", "hoursAvailable": { "@type": "OpeningHoursSpecification", "dayOfWeek": [ "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday" ], "opens": "08:00", "closes": "16:15" } } ], "faxNumber": "+1-401-331-3842" }, { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Mathematical Reviews (MathSciNet)", "description": "Mathematical Reviews and MathSciNet, providing comprehensive coverage of the world's mathematical literature.", "address": { "@type": "PostalAddress", "streetAddress": "416 Fourth Street", "addressLocality": "Ann Arbor", "addressRegion": "MI", "postalCode": "48103-4816", "addressCountry": "US" }, "contactPoint": { "@type": "ContactPoint", "telephone": "+1-734-996-5250", "contactType": "Customer Service", "hoursAvailable": { "@type": "OpeningHoursSpecification", "dayOfWeek": [ "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday" ], "opens": "08:00", "closes": "17:00" } }, "additionalProperty": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "Mailing Address", "value": "P.O. Box 8604, Ann Arbor, MI 48107-8604, USA" } }, { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Office of Government Relations", "description": "The Office of Government Relations represents the interests of the mathematical community in Washington, D.C.", "address": { "@type": "PostalAddress", "streetAddress": "700 Pennsylvania Avenue, SE, Suite 570", "addressLocality": "Washington", "addressRegion": "DC", "postalCode": "20003-2551", "addressCountry": "US" }, "contactPoint": [ { "@type": "ContactPoint", "telephone": "+1-202-588-1100", "contactType": "Customer Service", "hoursAvailable": { "@type": "OpeningHoursSpecification", "dayOfWeek": [ "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday" ], "opens": "08:30", "closes": "17:00" } }, { "@type": "ContactPoint", "telephone": "+1-202-588-1853", "contactType": "Customer Service", "hoursAvailable": { "@type": "OpeningHoursSpecification", "dayOfWeek": [ "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday" ], "opens": "08:30", "closes": "17:00" } } ] }, { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Office of the Secretary (Governance)", "description": "The Office of the Secretary manages the governance of the American Mathematical Society.", "address": { "@type": "PostalAddress", "streetAddress": "201 Charles Street", "addressLocality": "Providence", "addressRegion": "RI", "postalCode": "02904", "addressCountry": "US" }, "contactPoint": { "@type": "ContactPoint", "telephone": "+1-401-455-4082", "contactType": "Customer Service", "hoursAvailable": { "@type": "OpeningHoursSpecification", "dayOfWeek": [ "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday" ], "opens": "08:00", "closes": "16:15" } }, "faxNumber": "+1-401-331-3842" } ] } </script>   <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.1.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css">  <link rel="preload" href="/css/2024BS5Final.css" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'">  <noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/2024BS5Final.css"> </noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/www-nav.css">   <script src="https://kit.fontawesome.com/2ad6d7fbd6.js" crossorigin="anonymous" defer></script>  <script type="text/x-mathjax-config"> MathJax.Hub.Config({ tex2jax: { inlineMath: [['$','$'], ['\$','\$']], processEscapes: true } }); </script> <script src="/js/MathJax/MathJax.js?config=TeX-MML-AM_CHTML"></script>  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/cookieconsent.min.css"> <script src="/js/cookieconsent.min.js"></script> <script> window.addEventListener("load", function(){ window.cookieconsent.initialise({ "palette": { "popup": { "background": "#edeff5", "text": "#000000" }, "button": { "background": "#4b81e8" } }, "theme": "classic", "position": "bottom-right", "content": { "message": "This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website.", "href": "/privacy", "dismiss": "Okay", "link": "Learn more about our privacy policy" } })}); </script> </head> <body>  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-P3772VN" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <input type="hidden" id="ams_class_id" value="205"> <div class="container-fluid">  <header class="container-fluid"> <nav class="ams-nav ams-nav--quick" aria-label="quick"> <a href="#main" class="ams-nav__skiplink">Skip to main content </a> <a href="/" class="ams-nav__logo"> <span class="ams-nav__logo__inner"> <svg role="image" aria-label="American Mathematical Society Logo, to the homepage" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 350 92" width="350px" height="92px"><style>.amsLogoSVG{--logoPathColor: currentColor;fill:var(--logoPathColor);stroke:var(--logoPathColor);stroke-width:0.21}.blue{--logoPathColor:#0057b8}.orange{--logoPathColor:#e87722}.gray{--logoPathColor:#98a4ae}</style><path class="amsLogoSVG blue" d="M53.75 24.12c.63-1.73.85-2.06 1.17-2.06.31 0 .52.27 1.16 1.9.79 2 9.06 23.76 12.27 31.78 1.9 4.7 3.42 5.53 4.53 5.84.8.27 1.58.32 2.11.32.32 0 .52.05.52.32 0 .31-.47.42-1.05.42-.79 0-4.63 0-8.26-.1-1-.06-1.58-.06-1.58-.37 0-.2.16-.32.37-.37.31-.1.63-.58.31-1.42l-4.9-12.96c-.1-.2-.2-.32-.47-.32H48.62c-.27 0-.43.16-.52.43l-3.17 9.33a11.2 11.2 0 0 0-.74 3.52c0 1.06 1.1 1.53 2 1.53h.52c.37 0 .53.11.53.32 0 .31-.32.42-.8.42-1.25 0-3.52-.16-4.1-.16-.58 0-3.48.16-5.95.16-.68 0-1-.1-1-.42 0-.2.2-.32.47-.32.36 0 1.1-.05 1.53-.1 2.42-.32 3.47-2.32 4.42-4.97l11.96-32.73Zm5.48 21.1c.27 0 .27-.16.2-.37l-5-14.23c-.26-.78-.52-.78-.79 0l-4.62 14.23c-.11.27 0 .36.15.36zm65.09 10.69c.2 1.9.58 4.85 2.84 5.59 1.53.47 2.9.47 3.43.47.27 0 .43.05.43.27 0 .32-.48.47-1.1.47-1.17 0-6.85-.05-8.8-.2-1.21-.11-1.48-.27-1.48-.52 0-.21.1-.32.36-.37.27-.05.32-.94.21-1.9l-2.53-27.35h-.16l-12.9 27.4c-1.1 2.32-1.26 2.8-1.74 2.8-.36 0-.63-.52-1.63-2.43a895.97 896.81 0 0 1-6.16-12.22c-.47-.95-6.37-13.6-6.95-15.03h-.2l-2.12 24.46c-.04.85-.04 1.8-.04 2.7 0 .78.58 1.47 1.37 1.63.9.2 1.68.27 2 .27.2 0 .42.1.42.27 0 .36-.32.47-.95.47-1.95 0-4.47-.16-4.9-.16-.46 0-3 .16-4.41.16-.52 0-.9-.11-.9-.47 0-.16.27-.27.52-.27.42 0 .79 0 1.58-.16 1.73-.31 1.89-2.38 2.1-4.38l3.8-34.37c.04-.58.26-.94.58-.94.31 0 .52.2.79.79l16.11 33.15 15.48-33.1c.21-.47.43-.84.8-.84.35 0 .51.42.62 1.42l3.53 32.41zm12.74 6.06c-.74-.36-.78-.58-.78-2 0-2.63.2-4.74.26-5.59.05-.58.16-.85.43-.85.31 0 .36.16.36.58 0 .48 0 1.22.16 1.96.78 3.9 4.26 5.37 7.79 5.37 5.05 0 7.52-3.64 7.52-7.01 0-3.64-1.53-5.75-6.06-9.48l-2.37-1.96c-5.59-4.58-6.85-7.85-6.85-11.43 0-5.64 4.22-9.49 10.9-9.49 2.07 0 3.6.21 4.9.53 1 .2 1.42.26 1.84.26.43 0 .53.11.53.37 0 .25-.21 2-.21 5.59 0 .85-.11 1.21-.36 1.21-.32 0-.37-.27-.43-.68a9.06 9.06 0 0 0-.68-2.63c-.31-.57-1.73-2.79-6.58-2.79-3.63 0-6.48 2.27-6.48 6.11 0 3 1.37 4.9 6.42 8.85l1.48 1.17c6.22 4.9 7.7 8.17 7.7 12.38 0 2.16-.85 6.16-4.48 8.74a13.9 13.91 0 0 1-7.94 2.22c-2.48 0-4.9-.36-7.05-1.41z"/><path d="M40.98 77.17a1.22 1.22 0 1 0-1.33 2.05 1.22 1.22 0 0 0 1.33-2.05M9.86 52.27a3.78 3.78 0 1 0-6.35-4.11 3.78 3.78 0 0 0 6.35 4.11M13 56.2a3.35 3.35 0 1 0-3.65 5.62A3.35 3.35 0 0 0 13 56.2m5.23 7.34a2.91 2.91 0 1 0-3.17 4.88 2.91 2.91 0 0 0 3.17-4.88m5.93 5.52a2.5 2.5 0 1 0-2.72 4.2 2.5 2.5 0 1 0 2.72-4.2m6.1 3.92a2.07 2.07 0 1 0-2.25 3.49 2.07 2.07 0 0 0 2.25-3.49m5.65 2.48a1.62 1.63 0 0 0-2.27.48c-.5.77-.28 1.79.49 2.27.76.5 1.78.28 2.26-.48.5-.77.28-1.79-.48-2.27M7.74 42.14a4.2 4.21 0 1 0-7.07-4.57 4.2 4.21 0 0 0 7.07 4.57m-5.47-9.9a4.63 4.63 0 1 0 5.04-7.76 4.63 4.63 0 0 0-5.04 7.77" class="amsLogoSVG blue"/><path d="M27.22 65.4a1.2 1.2 0 0 0-1.51-.8 1.2 1.2 0 0 0-.8 1.5 1.22 1.22 0 0 0 2.32-.7m-7.86-39.12a3.78 3.79 0 1 0-2.22-7.24 3.78 3.79 0 0 0 2.22 7.24m-.11 5.04a3.34 3.35 0 1 0-6.4 1.95 3.34 3.35 0 0 0 6.4-1.95m-.7 9a2.92 2.92 0 1 0-5.59 1.72 2.92 2.92 0 0 0 5.59-1.73m1 8.04a2.5 2.5 0 1 0-1.67 3.1 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1.66-3.1m2.16 6.94a2.07 2.07 0 1 0-3.95 1.21 2.07 2.07 0 0 0 3.95-1.2m2.72 5.52a1.64 1.64 0 1 0-3.13.96 1.64 1.64 0 1 0 3.13-.96m-.18-43.66a4.2 4.2 0 1 0-2.46-8.04 4.2 4.2 0 0 0 2.46 8.04m2.17-11.1a4.63 4.63 0 1 0 8.85-2.72 4.63 4.63 0 0 0-8.85 2.73" class="amsLogoSVG orange"/><path d="M24.8 48.77a1.21 1.21 0 0 0-.65-1.6 1.21 1.21 0 0 0-1.58.65 1.21 1.21 0 0 0 .64 1.59 1.21 1.21 0 0 0 1.59-.64m19.08-35a3.78 3.78 0 1 0 2.94-6.96 3.78 3.78 0 0 0-2.94 6.96m-3.3 3.78a3.36 3.36 0 0 0-6.16-2.62 3.36 3.36 0 0 0 6.15 2.62m-6.31 6.43a2.92 2.92 0 1 0-5.38-2.28 2.92 2.92 0 0 0 5.38 2.28m-4.4 6.8a2.5 2.5 0 1 0-4.6-1.94 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 4.6 1.94m-2.81 6.7a2.07 2.07 0 0 0-1.09-2.7 2.06 2.06 0 1 0 1.1 2.7m-1.46 6a1.65 1.65 0 0 0-.88-2.16 1.641.64 0 0 0-2.14.87 1.65 1.65 0 0 0 3.03 1.29M53.49 9.92a4.2 4.2 0 1 0 3.27-7.73 4.2 4.2 0 0 0-3.27 7.73m8.78-7.1a4.62 4.62 0 1 0 8.5 3.61 4.62 4.62 0 0 0-8.5-3.61" class="amsLogoSVG gray"/><path class="amsLogoSVG blue" d="m172.3 26.4.5-.02a19.79 19.8 0 0 0 1.7.06c.44 0 .51-.22.51-.35 0-.07-.02-.32-.4-.32h-.22c-.25 0-.64-.12-.64-.45 0-.36.1-.87.3-1.4l1.29-3.85c.02-.06.03-.06.05-.06h4.7l2.03 5.38c.05.12.06.24.03.3l-.03.03c-.25.07-.29.26-.29.33 0 .3.32.3.73.33h.1c.98.04 2.19.05 3.42.05.51 0 .62-.2.62-.35 0-.12-.05-.32-.4-.32-.2 0-.5-.02-.82-.12-.46-.13-1.03-.51-1.76-2.32-.94-2.35-2.94-7.58-4.14-10.7l-.94-2.43c-.25-.66-.37-.9-.64-.9-.26 0-.39.26-.64.97l-4.94 13.52c-.41 1.14-.81 1.82-1.69 1.93a5.57 5.58 0 0 1-.6.04c-.22 0-.38.13-.38.31 0 .36.44.36.6.36.69 0 1.45-.03 1.96-.05zm3.46-7.53 1.88-5.77 2.02 5.77h-3.91zm12.8 7.57c.35 0 .83-.02 1.2-.05l.42-.02h.33c.37.03.95.06 1.45.06.44 0 .52-.2.52-.35 0-.17-.18-.32-.33-.32-.14 0-.4-.02-.7-.1-.31-.08-.31-.29-.31-.36 0-.3 0-.64.02-.92l.7-7.85 1.47 3.07.75 1.53a159.93 160.08 0 0 0 2.24 4.3c.38.7.52.95.81.95.3 0 .44-.26.84-1.08l4.37-8.96.86 8.81c.04.27.02.42 0 .48a.33.33 0 0 0-.21.31c0 .3.4.35.7.38.71.07 2.86.1 3.28.1.35 0 .57-.13.57-.34 0-.19-.13-.32-.33-.32-.19 0-.66 0-1.18-.17-.62-.2-.78-.97-.86-1.76l-1.31-11.37c-.07-.55-.3-.66-.46-.66-.27 0-.4.27-.46.4l-5.42 11.16-5.62-11.18c-.17-.33-.41-.39-.56-.39-.2 0-.36.2-.4.49l-1.4 12.09-.02.18c-.07.67-.14 1.08-.56 1.15h-.07c-.23.05-.35.06-.47.06-.2 0-.37.13-.37.32 0 .13.06.35.5.35zm21.38-13.7.63.03c.5.08.58.26.63.86.05.59.05 1.1.05 3.98v3.26c0 1.81 0 3.24-.11 3.98v.06c-.1.54-.15.73-.35.77l-.23.03a1.9 1.9 0 0 1-.34.05c-.22 0-.33.17-.33.33 0 .12.06.33.49.33.25 0 .6-.02 1.11-.05l.81-.03c.3 0 .78 0 1.59.05h.44c.76.04 1.7.06 2.9.06.73 0 1.06 0 1.23-.6.1-.42.26-1.69.26-1.84 0-.4-.21-.46-.31-.46-.3 0-.34.28-.38.44-.1.73-.36.97-.76 1.14-.47.18-1.37.18-1.85.18-1.88 0-2.08-.23-2.11-1.3v-4.66c.47 0 2.34.02 2.82.08.74.09.8.3.84.45.07.2.07.39.07.55 0 .24.16.35.32.35.21 0 .35-.2.35-.52l.08-1.2c.03-.38.09-.64.12-.8a1 1 0 0 0 .04-.22c0-.23-.15-.33-.3-.33-.13 0-.21.1-.32.22l-.07.08c-.14.14-.35.17-.83.2-.3.04-1.79.04-3.11.04v-5.04c.45-.01 2.38 0 2.67.05 1.04.13 1.13.25 1.22.45.07.18.1.45.1.58 0 .39.25.42.32.42.19 0 .3-.17.35-.34a13.06 13.07 0 0 0 .13-1.23c.02-.32.07-.5.1-.65.03-.1.05-.17.05-.24 0-.27-.14-.35-.26-.35-.09 0-.17.04-.23.06l-.06.02-.12.03c-.19.02-.45.07-.74.08H212c-.44 0-1.28-.03-1.94-.03-.31 0-.48.1-.48.32 0 .17.17.33.32.33zm12.2 0 .63.03c.5.08.58.26.63.86.05.59.05 1.1.05 3.98v3.26c0 1.81 0 3.24-.11 3.98v.05c-.1.55-.15.73-.36.78-.16.03-.4.08-.55.08-.22 0-.33.17-.33.33 0 .12.07.33.49.33.5 0 1.48-.05 1.8-.06h.3c.4 0 1.34.06 2.15.06.45 0 .49-.26.49-.33a.32.32 0 0 0-.33-.33 6.1 6.1 0 0 1-.82-.08c-.45-.06-.55-.28-.61-.83-.09-.75-.09-2.17-.09-3.96v-.42l2.4.04q.06 0 .11.05l.79 1.03c.39.52.84 1.13 1.27 1.67 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.32 2.67 2.77.53.29 1.08.39 2.13.39h1.2c.22 0 .64 0 .64-.33a.34.34 0 0 0-.35-.33c-.1 0-.29 0-.65-.06-.5-.07-1.08-.27-2.03-1.24-1.04-1.08-2.27-2.63-3.72-4.42l-.17-.22c1.58-1.38 2.28-2.7 2.28-4.25 0-1.54-1.16-2.5-1.4-2.66a6.4 6.4 0 0 0-3.67-.84l-1.74.02-.65.02h-.3l-1.97-.04c-.31 0-.48.1-.48.33 0 .17.17.32.33.32zm3.32.5.01-.05a7.7 7.7 0 0 1 1.34-.11c1.96 0 3.12 1.3 3.12 3.45 0 1.23-.4 2.23-1.08 2.68-.4.28-.88.3-1.33.3-.88 0-1.8-.14-2-.25-.06-.04-.06-.06-.06-.1v-5.94zm12.64-.5c.12 0 .35.02.54.06.28.06.43.2.48.83.04.59.04 1.1.04 3.98v3.26c0 1.42 0 3.16-.1 4-.08.56-.14.77-.37.82-.16.03-.39.08-.54.08-.22 0-.33.17-.33.33 0 .12.06.33.48.33.43 0 1.13-.04 1.55-.05l.34-.01h.21c.4 0 1.36.06 2.18.06.45 0 .49-.26.49-.33a.33.33 0 0 0-.33-.33c-.16 0-.55-.03-.85-.08-.42-.06-.48-.27-.55-.83-.08-.75-.08-2.18-.08-3.99v-3.26c0-2.87 0-3.4.02-3.98.04-.63.14-.77.54-.86.2-.03.31-.03.45-.03.16 0 .32-.17.32-.33 0-.22-.16-.33-.48-.33l-1.63.04h-.61l-1.62-.04c-.31 0-.48.11-.48.33 0 .16.13.33.33.33zm9.22 11.92c1.58 1.38 3.63 2.02 6.42 2.02.73 0 2.53-.03 3.52-.42.4-.16.47-.27.59-.66a19.39 19.4 0 0 0 .46-2.42c0-.2-.15-.44-.35-.44-.28 0-.33.22-.38.41-.06.3-.3 1.07-.7 1.46-.68.69-1.55.82-3.02.82a6.54 6.55 0 0 1-6.72-6.52c0-1.65.2-3.36 1.66-4.7.88-.84 2.25-1.24 4.19-1.24 1.5 0 2.94.38 3.66.98.43.34.74 1.03.74 1.7 0 .2 0 .58.32.58.14 0 .37-.07.4-.56l.03-.92c0-.34 0-.7.02-.97l.06-.78.03-.29c0-.1-.04-.37-.42-.37-.52-.02-1.03-.11-1.6-.22l-.33-.06c-1-.16-2.11-.22-2.82-.22-2.59 0-4.53.67-5.96 2.04a7.51 7.52 0 0 0-2.2 5.17c0 2.37.8 4.26 2.39 5.63zm12.45 1.78c.52 0 1.13-.02 1.53-.05l.41-.01a21.13 21.15 0 0 0 1.71.06c.41 0 .46-.23.46-.33 0-.15-.1-.32-.38-.32h-.17c-.18 0-.47-.04-.47-.33 0-.3.1-.73.27-1.18l1.09-2.96.02-.03h4.43l1.72 4.24c.03.07.03.13.02.17a.15.15 0 0 1-.1.09l-.04.02c-.08.02-.2.08-.2.28 0 .27.32.28.7.3h.15c.86.04 1.94.05 3.03.05.53 0 .62-.2.62-.33 0-.2-.17-.32-.43-.32a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-.7-.1c-.33-.11-.82-.26-1.53-1.93l-2.71-6.66c-.92-2.25-1.7-4.2-1.88-4.58l-.1-.23c-.14-.3-.25-.55-.52-.55-.26 0-.38.24-.61.84l-4.51 11.58c-.38.96-.73 1.5-1.47 1.59a4.4 4.4 0 0 1-.54.04c-.2 0-.35.15-.35.32 0 .22.18.33.54.33zm4.9-6.28 1.74-4.95 1.84 4.95zM276 26.44c.6 0 1.19-.04 1.54-.05l.31-.01.28.01c.36.03.97.05 1.75.05.43 0 .52-.18.52-.33a.33.33 0 0 0-.33-.32c-.2 0-.6-.03-.91-.11-.39-.1-.56-.4-.6-1.94l-.21-8.26 4.64 4.9c2.05 2.13 4.8 4.85 5 5.02 1.08 1 1.3 1.17 1.57 1.17.32 0 .32-.25.32-1.5l.05-10.84c0-1.17.06-1.34.53-1.43.21-.04.34-.04.43-.04.23 0 .4-.18.4-.35 0-.32-.39-.32-.53-.32-.53 0-.97.03-1.28.04h-.76c-.4-.01-1-.04-1.59-.04-.17 0-.54 0-.54.32 0 .2.13.35.32.35.15 0 .57.02.91.09.42.07.55.3.57 1.55l.18 8.81-.75-.78c-.93-1-2.21-2.37-3.46-3.65-1.98-2.03-3.87-4.03-5-5.22l-1.06-1.1-.08-.09c-.28-.29-.55-.53-.8-.53-.38 0-.43.53-.43 1.11v10.62c0 1.66-.07 2.03-.41 2.13-.25.09-.6.1-.73.1a.33.33 0 0 0-.32.32c0 .33.35.33.48.33zm-88.6 21.59c.03.32 0 .52 0 .6a.32.32 0 0 0-.25.32c0 .33.43.36.78.4.83.07 3.2.13 3.64.13.6 0 .65-.29.65-.37 0-.09-.04-.3-.35-.3-.21 0-.76 0-1.36-.18-.78-.25-.96-1.25-1.06-2.16L188 33.1c-.04-.3-.08-.75-.44-.75-.29 0-.4.28-.48.44l-6.24 13.34-6.5-13.35c-.1-.23-.22-.43-.48-.43-.08 0-.37.03-.41.54l-1.56 14.2v.08c-.1.88-.21 1.48-.73 1.57-.32.06-.45.06-.62.06-.23 0-.4.12-.4.3 0 .16.1.37.55.37.37 0 .93-.02 1.34-.05l.49-.02h.38c.44.03 1.1.06 1.64.06.14 0 .57 0 .57-.38 0-.16-.16-.29-.35-.29-.14 0-.44-.02-.79-.1a.52.52 0 0 1-.42-.5c0-.38 0-.76.02-1.1l.82-9.58a415.33 415.72 0 0 0 2.67 5.74l.1.2a356.2 356.54 0 0 0 2.44 4.84l.05.09c.44.82.54 1.02.79 1.02.3 0 .38-.18.73-.95l5.26-11.16.99 10.71zm17.05.52c.04.07.04.13.03.17a.15.15 0 0 1-.1.08l-.05.03c-.07.02-.2.08-.2.28 0 .26.32.27.71.3h.15c.86.04 1.94.05 3.03.05.53 0 .61-.2.61-.33 0-.2-.17-.33-.42-.33a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-.7-.1c-.33-.1-.83-.25-1.53-1.92l-2.71-6.66c-.92-2.26-1.71-4.2-1.88-4.58l-.11-.23c-.13-.3-.24-.55-.51-.55s-.39.24-.62.84l-4.5 11.58c-.38.96-.73 1.49-1.47 1.59a4.4 4.4 0 0 1-.55.03c-.19 0-.35.16-.35.33 0 .22.18.33.55.33.52 0 1.12-.03 1.52-.05l.42-.01a21.13 21.15 0 0 0 1.7.06c.42 0 .47-.23.47-.33 0-.16-.1-.33-.38-.33h-.17c-.18 0-.47-.03-.47-.32 0-.3.1-.73.26-1.18l1.1-2.96.02-.04h4.42l1.72 4.25zm-2.17-5.36h-3.58l1.74-4.95zm14.52-6.83c1.8.04 2.08.44 2.13.86l.03.2c0 .17.03.5.32.5.17 0 .35-.15.35-.43 0-.09 0-.33.03-.63l.05-1.5c0-.1 0-.4-.27-.4l-.28.04-.29.05a8.97 8.97 0 0 1-1.34.09h-7.22c-.21 0-.94-.03-1.48-.09-.3-.04-.49-.1-.62-.16a.7.7 0 0 0-.25-.06c-.19 0-.26.2-.36.43l-.02.08-.12.56c-.2.9-.3 1.35-.3 1.47 0 .2.17.32.32.32.2 0 .32-.1.35-.27a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 .3-.57c.24-.37.65-.49 1.79-.51l2.58-.04v7.6c0 1.8 0 3.23-.09 3.98-.07.58-.18.79-.43.85-.22.05-.4.08-.52.08a.3.3 0 0 0-.33.32c0 .22.16.33.48.33l1.66-.05.32-.01h.25c.44.02 1.34.06 2.12.06.45 0 .49-.26.49-.33a.32.32 0 0 0-.33-.33c-.17 0-.6-.05-.85-.08-.45-.07-.52-.3-.59-.83-.09-.75-.09-2.18-.09-3.99v-7.59l2.21.04zm20.62 12.77c0-.17-.12-.33-.35-.33a6 6 0 0 1-.82-.08c-.44-.06-.48-.26-.55-.83-.1-.83-.1-2.57-.1-3.99v-3.26c0-2.87 0-3.4.04-3.98.05-.65.16-.78.5-.86.23-.03.34-.03.46-.03.18 0 .35-.16.35-.33 0-.15-.09-.33-.51-.33l-1.54.04h-.6l-1.93-.04c-.32 0-.49.11-.49.33 0 .16.14.33.33.33l.63.03c.49.08.57.23.6.86a85 85 0 0 1 .06 4.02V41h-7.84v-.31c0-2.85 0-3.43.02-4.01.04-.64.13-.78.53-.87.21-.03.32-.03.45-.03.17 0 .33-.17.33-.33 0-.22-.16-.33-.49-.33l-1.6.04h-.56c-.44-.01-1.28-.04-1.92-.04-.31 0-.48.11-.48.33 0 .17.17.33.32.33l.63.03c.5.08.59.26.63.87.05.58.05 1.1.05 3.97v3.27c0 1.8 0 3.23-.1 3.97v.05c-.1.55-.15.73-.37.78-.16.03-.39.08-.55.08-.21 0-.32.17-.32.33 0 .12.06.33.48.33.43 0 1.14-.04 1.58-.05l.34-.01h.2c.4 0 1.34.06 2.17.06.45 0 .49-.26.49-.33a.33.33 0 0 0-.33-.33c-.16 0-.55-.03-.85-.08-.42-.06-.48-.27-.54-.83-.09-.75-.09-2.16-.09-3.94v-1.78h7.84v1.78c0 1.77 0 3.17-.08 3.92-.08.58-.14.79-.4.85-.21.05-.4.08-.51.08-.22 0-.33.17-.33.33 0 .22.16.33.48.33.42 0 1.18-.04 1.6-.05l.3-.01h.26c.44 0 1.32.06 2.12.06.49 0 .51-.28.51-.33zm11.96-2.52c-.3 0-.34.28-.38.43-.1.73-.36.97-.76 1.14-.47.19-1.37.19-1.85.19-1.88 0-2.07-.23-2.11-1.31V42.4c.47 0 2.34.02 2.82.08.74.09.8.3.84.45.07.2.07.4.07.55 0 .24.16.35.32.35.21 0 .35-.2.35-.52l.08-1.19c.03-.39.09-.64.12-.81a1 1 0 0 0 .04-.22c0-.23-.15-.33-.3-.33-.13 0-.21.1-.32.22l-.07.09c-.13.13-.35.17-.83.2-.3.04-1.79.04-3.1.04v-5.05c.44 0 2.37 0 2.66.05 1.04.14 1.14.26 1.22.45.07.18.1.45.1.58 0 .4.25.43.32.43.19 0 .3-.17.36-.34a13.06 13.07 0 0 0 .12-1.24c.02-.31.07-.5.1-.64.03-.1.05-.17.05-.24 0-.27-.14-.36-.26-.36-.09 0-.17.04-.23.06l-.06.03-.12.02c-.19.03-.45.08-.74.09h-4.85c-.44-.01-1.28-.04-1.94-.04-.31 0-.48.11-.48.33 0 .17.17.33.32.33l.63.03c.5.08.59.26.63.86.05.59.05 1.1.05 3.98v3.26c0 1.81 0 3.24-.1 3.98v.06c-.1.54-.15.73-.36.77l-.23.03c-.12.03-.24.05-.34.05-.22 0-.32.17-.32.33 0 .12.06.33.48.33.25 0 .6-.02 1.11-.05l.82-.03c.29 0 .77 0 1.58.05h.44c.76.04 1.7.06 2.9.06.73 0 1.06 0 1.23-.6.11-.42.27-1.69.27-1.84 0-.4-.22-.46-.32-.46zm22.2 2.2c-.19 0-.67 0-1.2-.18-.6-.2-.77-.97-.85-1.76l-1.31-11.37c-.07-.55-.3-.66-.46-.66-.27 0-.4.27-.46.4l-5.42 11.16-5.62-11.18c-.17-.33-.41-.39-.56-.39-.2 0-.36.2-.4.49l-1.39 12.09-.02.18c-.08.67-.15 1.08-.57 1.15h-.06c-.23.05-.35.06-.48.06-.2 0-.37.14-.37.32 0 .13.06.35.5.35.35 0 .83-.02 1.2-.05l.42-.02h.33c.37.03.95.06 1.45.06.44 0 .52-.2.52-.35 0-.17-.18-.32-.33-.32-.14 0-.4-.02-.7-.1-.31-.08-.31-.29-.31-.36 0-.3 0-.64.02-.92l.7-7.85 1.47 3.07.75 1.53a159.93 160.08 0 0 0 2.24 4.3c.38.7.52.95.81.95.3 0 .44-.26.84-1.08l4.37-8.96.86 8.81c.04.27.02.42 0 .48a.33.33 0 0 0-.21.31c0 .3.4.35.7.38.71.07 2.86.1 3.28.1.35 0 .57-.13.57-.34 0-.19-.13-.32-.33-.32zm16.28 0a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-.7-.1c-.33-.11-.83-.26-1.53-1.93l-2.71-6.66c-.92-2.26-1.71-4.2-1.88-4.58l-.11-.23c-.13-.3-.24-.55-.51-.55s-.39.24-.62.84l-4.5 11.58c-.38.96-.73 1.49-1.47 1.59a4.4 4.4 0 0 1-.55.03c-.19 0-.35.16-.35.33 0 .22.18.33.55.33.52 0 1.12-.03 1.52-.05l.42-.01a21.13 21.15 0 0 0 1.7.06c.42 0 .47-.23.47-.33 0-.16-.1-.33-.38-.33h-.17c-.18 0-.47-.03-.47-.32 0-.3.1-.73.26-1.18l1.1-2.96.02-.04h4.42l1.72 4.25c.04.07.04.13.03.17a.15.15 0 0 1-.1.08l-.05.03c-.07.02-.2.08-.2.28 0 .26.32.27.7.3h.15c.86.04 1.94.05 3.03.05.54 0 .62-.2.62-.33 0-.2-.17-.33-.42-.33zm-5.91-5.62h-3.59l1.75-4.95zm17.14-8.21-.28.03-.29.05a8.97 8.97 0 0 1-1.34.09h-7.22c-.21 0-.94-.03-1.48-.09-.3-.03-.49-.1-.62-.16a.7.7 0 0 0-.25-.06c-.19 0-.26.21-.36.43l-.02.08-.12.56c-.2.9-.3 1.35-.3 1.47 0 .2.17.33.32.33.2 0 .32-.1.35-.28a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 .3-.57c.24-.37.65-.49 1.79-.51l2.58-.04v7.6c0 1.8 0 3.23-.09 3.98-.07.59-.18.8-.43.85-.22.05-.4.09-.52.09a.3.3 0 0 0-.33.31c0 .22.16.33.48.33l1.66-.05.32-.01h.25c.44.02 1.34.06 2.12.06.45 0 .49-.25.49-.33a.32.32 0 0 0-.33-.33c-.17 0-.6-.04-.85-.08-.45-.07-.52-.3-.59-.82-.09-.76-.09-2.19-.09-4v-7.59l2.21.04c1.8.04 2.08.44 2.13.86l.03.2c0 .17.03.5.32.5.17 0 .35-.15.35-.43 0-.09 0-.33.03-.63l.05-1.5c0-.1 0-.4-.27-.4zm7.68 13.82c-.15 0-.54-.03-.85-.08-.42-.06-.48-.27-.54-.83-.09-.75-.09-2.18-.09-3.99v-3.26c0-2.87 0-3.4.03-3.98.03-.63.13-.77.53-.86.2-.03.32-.03.45-.03.17 0 .33-.17.33-.33 0-.22-.16-.33-.49-.33l-1.62.04h-.62l-1.61-.04c-.32 0-.48.11-.48.33 0 .16.13.33.32.33.12 0 .35.02.55.06.28.06.42.2.47.83.05.59.05 1.1.05 3.98v3.26c0 1.42-.01 3.16-.11 4-.07.56-.13.77-.36.82-.16.03-.4.08-.55.08-.22 0-.33.17-.33.33 0 .12.06.33.49.33.42 0 1.12-.04 1.55-.05l.34-.01h.2c.4 0 1.36.06 2.19.06.44 0 .48-.26.48-.33a.33.33 0 0 0-.33-.33zm15.68-3.04c-.28 0-.33.22-.38.41-.06.3-.3 1.07-.69 1.46-.69.69-1.56.82-3.02.82a6.54 6.55 0 0 1-6.73-6.52c0-1.65.2-3.36 1.66-4.7.89-.85 2.25-1.25 4.2-1.25 1.5 0 2.94.4 3.65.99.44.34.74 1.03.74 1.7 0 .2 0 .58.33.58.13 0 .36-.08.4-.56l.02-.92c0-.34 0-.7.03-.97l.06-.78.02-.29c0-.11-.04-.38-.41-.38-.52 0-1.03-.1-1.61-.21l-.33-.07c-1-.15-2.1-.21-2.81-.21-2.6 0-4.53.66-5.96 2.03a7.51 7.52 0 0 0-2.2 5.18c0 2.37.8 4.26 2.38 5.63 1.59 1.38 3.64 2.02 6.42 2.02.73 0 2.53-.03 3.53-.42.39-.16.46-.27.58-.65a19.39 19.4 0 0 0 .46-2.43c0-.2-.15-.44-.35-.44zm16.19 3.04a2.5 2.5 0 0 1-.7-.1c-.33-.1-.83-.25-1.53-1.92l-2.72-6.66c-.92-2.26-1.7-4.2-1.87-4.58l-.11-.23c-.14-.3-.25-.55-.51-.55-.27 0-.39.24-.62.84l-4.5 11.58c-.38.96-.73 1.49-1.47 1.59a4.4 4.4 0 0 1-.55.03c-.2 0-.35.16-.35.33 0 .22.18.33.55.33.52 0 1.12-.03 1.52-.05l.41-.01a21.13 21.15 0 0 0 1.71.06c.41 0 .46-.23.46-.33 0-.16-.1-.33-.37-.33h-.17c-.18 0-.47-.03-.47-.32 0-.3.1-.73.26-1.18l1.1-2.96.02-.04h4.42l1.72 4.25c.04.07.04.13.02.17a.15.15 0 0 1-.1.08l-.04.03c-.07.02-.2.08-.2.28 0 .26.32.27.7.3h.15c.86.04 1.94.05 3.03.05.53 0 .62-.2.62-.33 0-.2-.17-.33-.42-.33zm-5.92-5.61h-3.58l1.74-4.95zm16.98 3.33c-.2 0-.33.15-.38.4-.06.37-.21.72-.4.95-.4.46-1.16.5-2.18.5-1.4 0-2.15-.13-2.42-.4-.32-.28-.34-1.71-.34-4.02v-3.3c0-2.88 0-3.4.02-3.99.05-.64.15-.8.56-.88l.62-.04c.16 0 .33-.13.33-.31 0-.12-.06-.33-.49-.33l-1.78.04h-.62c-.42-.02-1.24-.04-1.9-.04-.31 0-.48.1-.48.33 0 .17.17.32.32.32l.63.04c.5.07.59.25.63.86.05.58.05 1.1.05 3.98v3.26c0 1.8 0 3.24-.1 3.98v.05c-.1.54-.15.73-.37.77-.16.04-.39.09-.55.09-.21 0-.32.17-.32.33 0 .12.06.32.48.32.3 0 .7-.02 1.12-.05.36-.02.69-.02.77-.02l1.52.02h.55c.91.07 1.98.09 3.34.09 1 0 1.2-.05 1.39-.63.16-.56.29-1.7.29-1.9 0-.4-.2-.47-.31-.47zM176.68 62.83l-.6-.48c-2.04-1.59-2.58-2.34-2.58-3.52 0-1.4 1-2.35 2.5-2.35 1.78 0 2.38.74 2.56 1.05.1.21.24.78.27 1.04.02.15.06.43.35.43.32 0 .32-.43.32-.68 0-1.16.05-1.84.08-2.13v-.17c0-.22-.14-.33-.4-.33-.15 0-.3-.01-.72-.1a8.34 8.34 0 0 0-2.06-.23c-2.8 0-4.69 1.65-4.69 4.1 0 1.5.5 2.89 2.9 4.87l.98.8c1.92 1.57 2.44 2.39 2.44 3.78 0 1.4-1 2.72-2.94 2.72-.78 0-2.66-.21-3.04-2.09-.06-.3-.06-.58-.06-.76 0-.11 0-.43-.32-.43-.3 0-.34.37-.36.52l-.02.26c-.04.43-.08 1.17-.08 2.06 0 .6.02.79.42.98.84.41 1.82.6 3 .6 1.32 0 2.49-.32 3.38-.94a4.69 4.7 0 0 0 1.93-3.76c0-1.7-.53-3.11-3.25-5.26zm13.51-4.96a7.54 7.54 0 0 0-7.78 7.41 7.25 7.25 0 0 0 7.67 7.46 7.63 7.63 0 0 0 7.87-7.74c0-4.41-3.12-7.13-7.76-7.13zm-.1 1.06c2.75 0 5.54 2.04 5.54 6.6 0 1.01-.24 6.08-5 6.08-3.52 0-5.87-2.74-5.87-6.82 0-3.67 1.99-5.86 5.33-5.86zm23.17 9.86c-.28 0-.33.22-.38.41-.06.3-.3 1.07-.69 1.46-.69.69-1.56.82-3.03.82a6.54 6.55 0 0 1-6.72-6.52c0-1.65.2-3.36 1.66-4.7.88-.85 2.25-1.25 4.2-1.25 1.5 0 2.94.4 3.65.99.44.34.74 1.03.74 1.7 0 .2 0 .58.33.58.13 0 .36-.08.4-.56l.02-.92c0-.34 0-.7.03-.97l.06-.78.02-.3c0-.1-.04-.37-.41-.37-.52 0-1.03-.1-1.61-.22l-.33-.06c-1-.15-2.1-.21-2.81-.21-2.6 0-4.53.66-5.96 2.03a7.51 7.52 0 0 0-2.2 5.18c0 2.37.8 4.26 2.38 5.63 1.59 1.38 3.63 2.02 6.42 2.02.73 0 2.53-.03 3.53-.42.38-.16.46-.27.58-.66a19.39 19.4 0 0 0 .46-2.42c0-.2-.15-.44-.35-.44zm8.77 3.04c-.16 0-.54-.03-.85-.08-.42-.06-.48-.27-.54-.83-.09-.75-.09-2.18-.09-3.99v-3.26c0-2.87 0-3.4.03-3.98.03-.63.13-.77.53-.86.2-.03.32-.03.45-.03.17 0 .33-.17.33-.33 0-.22-.16-.33-.49-.33l-1.62.04h-.62l-1.61-.04c-.32 0-.49.11-.49.33 0 .16.14.33.33.33.12 0 .35.02.55.06.28.06.42.2.47.83.05.59.05 1.1.05 3.98v3.26c0 1.42-.01 3.16-.11 4-.07.56-.13.77-.36.82-.16.03-.4.08-.55.08-.22 0-.33.17-.33.33 0 .12.06.33.49.33.42 0 1.12-.04 1.55-.05l.34-.01h.2c.4 0 1.36.06 2.18.06.45 0 .49-.26.49-.33a.33.33 0 0 0-.33-.33zm12.3-2.2c-.3 0-.34.29-.38.44-.1.73-.36.97-.76 1.14-.47.19-1.37.19-1.85.19-1.88 0-2.08-.23-2.11-1.31v-4.66c.47 0 2.34.02 2.82.08.74.09.8.3.84.45.07.2.07.4.07.55 0 .24.16.35.32.35.21 0 .35-.2.35-.52l.08-1.19c.03-.39.09-.64.12-.81a1 1 0 0 0 .04-.22c0-.23-.15-.33-.3-.33-.13 0-.21.1-.32.22l-.07.09c-.13.13-.35.16-.83.2-.3.04-1.79.04-3.1.04v-5.05c.44 0 2.37 0 2.66.05 1.04.13 1.14.26 1.22.45.07.18.1.45.1.58 0 .39.25.43.32.43.19 0 .3-.17.36-.34a13.06 13.07 0 0 0 .12-1.24c.02-.32.07-.5.1-.64.03-.1.05-.17.05-.25 0-.26-.14-.35-.26-.35-.09 0-.17.04-.23.06l-.06.03-.12.02c-.19.03-.45.07-.74.09h-4.85a50.8 50.8 0 0 0-1.94-.04c-.31 0-.48.11-.48.33 0 .17.17.33.32.33l.63.03c.5.07.59.26.63.86.05.59.05 1.1.05 3.98v3.26c0 1.81 0 3.24-.1 3.98v.06c-.1.53-.15.73-.36.77l-.23.03c-.12.03-.24.05-.34.05-.22 0-.32.17-.32.33 0 .12.06.33.48.33.25 0 .6-.02 1.11-.05l.82-.03c.29 0 .77 0 1.58.05h.44c.76.04 1.7.06 2.9.06.73 0 1.06 0 1.23-.6.11-.42.27-1.7.27-1.84 0-.4-.22-.46-.32-.46zm14.4-11.62-.27.03-.3.05a8.97 8.97 0 0 1-1.34.09h-7.22c-.2 0-.93-.03-1.48-.09-.3-.03-.48-.1-.62-.16a.7.7 0 0 0-.25-.06c-.18 0-.26.21-.35.43l-.03.08-.12.56c-.2.9-.29 1.35-.29 1.47 0 .2.16.33.32.33.2 0 .31-.1.35-.28a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 .29-.57c.24-.37.65-.49 1.8-.51l2.57-.04v7.6c0 1.8 0 3.23-.08 3.98-.07.58-.18.8-.44.85-.22.05-.4.09-.52.09a.3.3 0 0 0-.33.31c0 .22.16.33.49.33l1.66-.05.31-.01h.26c.43.02 1.33.06 2.12.06.45 0 .48-.26.48-.33a.32.32 0 0 0-.32-.33c-.17 0-.6-.04-.85-.08-.45-.07-.52-.3-.6-.83-.08-.75-.08-2.18-.08-3.98v-7.6l2.2.04c1.8.04 2.09.44 2.14.86l.02.2c.01.16.04.5.33.5.17 0 .35-.15.35-.43 0-.09 0-.33.02-.63l.05-1.5c0-.1 0-.4-.26-.4zm14.9.12-1.34.02-.54.01h-.32l-1-.04c-.43 0-.49.18-.49.29 0 .18.16.32.41.39.1.02.19.07.19.3 0 .23-.1.52-.3.87l-.78 1.32a123.7 123.7 0 0 0-2.2 3.78l-3.33-5.5-.02-.06c-.11-.2-.2-.39-.2-.58 0-.04 0-.09.11-.13.22-.09.43-.17.43-.37 0-.31-.33-.31-.44-.31-.52 0-1.06.02-1.4.03h-.68l-1.47-.03c-.36 0-.42.2-.42.31 0 .2.17.35.37.35.12 0 .46.08.7.23.3.21.76.6 1.22 1.3.65.97 3.23 5.08 3.38 5.36.26.5.39.84.39 1.8v1.6c0 .29 0 1.08-.05 1.83-.05.62-.2.77-.44.82-.22.05-.4.09-.52.09-.22 0-.33.17-.33.33 0 .21.16.32.49.32.41 0 1.17-.03 1.57-.05h.55c.43.02 1.35.05 2.15.05.36 0 .49-.18.49-.32a.33.33 0 0 0-.33-.33c-.17 0-.6-.05-.85-.09-.4-.06-.54-.25-.59-.8-.06-.76-.06-1.55-.06-1.84v-1.92c0-.48-.02-.94.23-1.44.4-.79 3.09-5.14 3.7-5.85.4-.5.56-.67.9-.87.27-.14.6-.22.8-.22.26 0 .43-.2.43-.37 0-.18-.17-.3-.43-.3z"/><path d="M53.91 80.72h1.31l1.7 8.82h-1.34l-.46-2.3h-4.08l-1.44 2.3h-1.26zm-2.29 5.53h3.33l-.7-4.32-2.62 4.32zm12.59-5.52h1.15l-1.66 7.83-.16.98H62.4l.18-.98c-.13.17-.31.42-.67.64a3.3 3.3 0 0 1-1.62.45c-.8 0-2.54-.43-1.97-3.12.5-2.33 2.03-3.35 3.48-3.35 1.32 0 1.6.78 1.68 1.05l.74-3.5zm-1.26 3.96c-.18-.32-.57-.62-1.22-.62-1.69 0-2.11 2.04-2.2 2.45-.23 1.09-.21 2.34 1.2 2.34 1.8 0 2.22-1.99 2.32-2.46.18-.89.08-1.39-.1-1.71zm2.97-1.28h1.28l.92 4.87 2.95-4.87h1.27l-3.99 6.13H67.2l-1.26-6.13zm10.14 6.13a3.03 3.03 0 0 1 .08-.92 2.49 2.49 0 0 1-2.12 1.11c-1.4 0-2-.79-1.78-1.8.11-.49.44-1.28 1.46-1.8.74-.36 1.72-.4 2.2-.4.3 0 .47.01.83.04.15-.76.23-1.1.06-1.36-.16-.3-.65-.4-.99-.4-1.16 0-1.39.79-1.45 1.04H73.2c.1-.31.23-.74.67-1.16a3.31 3.31 0 0 1 2.12-.66c.88 0 1.78.28 1.97.9.12.36.07.65.01.95L77.31 88c-.03.1-.18.91-.23 1.54h-1.04zm-.15-3c-.46 0-2.2 0-2.47 1.24-.08.39 0 1.07 1.04 1.07.59 0 1.08-.23 1.46-.66.34-.41.42-.75.63-1.61a4.85 4.85 0 0 0-.64-.04zm4.38-2.42.14-.7h1.15l-.2.99c.2-.26.81-1.12 2.2-1.12.55 0 2.17.2 1.77 2.09l-.87 4.16H83.3l.83-3.9c.08-.4.1-.76-.11-1.05-.23-.28-.6-.41-1-.41-.83 0-1.73.6-2 1.83l-.73 3.53h-1.15zm10.62 1.26c.04-.28.17-1.29-.94-1.29-1.59 0-1.98 1.85-2.07 2.3-.27 1.27-.22 2.43 1 2.43.98 0 1.47-.72 1.61-1.33h1.17a2.98 2.98 0 0 1-2.95 2.2c-.4 0-1.34-.1-1.84-.8-.28-.42-.5-1.07-.23-2.34.53-2.54 2.25-3.3 3.48-3.3.4 0 1.3.08 1.72.75.34.52.26 1.03.22 1.37H90.9zm3.06-1.97h1.15l-1.31 6.13h-1.15zm.43-2.66h1.38L95.52 82h-1.38zm2.81 3.37.15-.7h1.15l-.2.99c.19-.26.8-1.12 2.2-1.12.54 0 2.17.2 1.77 2.09l-.87 4.16h-1.18l.82-3.9c.09-.4.11-.76-.1-1.05a1.28 1.28 0 0 0-1.01-.41c-.82 0-1.72.6-1.99 1.83l-.74 3.53h-1.15zm7.27 5.9c-.1.67.09 1.2 1.18 1.2 1.6 0 1.86-1.17 2.22-2.83-.7 1.01-1.87 1.04-2.23 1.04-.56 0-1.35-.12-1.72-.75-.4-.62-.4-1.45-.22-2.26.45-2.07 1.88-3.1 3.38-3.1 1.23 0 1.56.62 1.73.93l.2-.84h1.1l-.26 1.12-.8 3.83c-.32 1.48-.5 2.08-.85 2.54-.71.98-1.93 1.1-2.78 1.1-2.45 0-2.28-1.15-2.15-1.98h1.23zm3.1-2.06c.32-.31.56-.64.8-1.76.15-.76.08-1.21-.15-1.52a1.47 1.47 0 0 0-1.21-.54c-1.46 0-1.97 1.47-2.12 2.25-.21.94-.19 2.18 1.22 2.18a1.9 1.9 0 0 0 1.46-.6zm7.84-3.3c.09-.4.16-.83.21-1.25h1.16l-.23 1.2a2.2 2.2 0 0 1 1.72-1.22c.35-.05.6-.04.8-.02l-.24 1.12-.2-.05h-.33c-1.36 0-1.84.8-2.06 1.85l-.7 3.26h-1.16l1.05-4.89zm4.95 2.03c-.3 1.27.02 2.2 1.28 2.2.74 0 1.43-.38 1.71-1.27h1.15c-.1.3-.25.8-.79 1.29a3.27 3.27 0 0 1-2.27.81c-1.93 0-2.59-1.2-2.19-3.14.26-1.21.72-2.2 1.83-2.89a3.38 3.38 0 0 1 1.76-.45c2.75 0 2.17 2.43 1.94 3.44h-4.4zm3.4-.81c.14-.59.28-1.81-1.14-1.81-.74 0-1.74.45-2.04 1.8zm3.12 1.84c-.11.46-.02 1.11 1.1 1.11.47 0 .85-.08 1.16-.38.16-.16.28-.37.32-.57.13-.6-.28-.7-1.15-.92-1.23-.3-2.23-.55-1.97-1.84.23-1.12 1.37-1.85 2.79-1.85.76 0 1.8.22 2.01.96.09.34.02.63-.04.88h-1.17c.23-.92-.55-1-.97-1-.17 0-1.25 0-1.44.87-.11.56.4.69.7.77 1.61.4 1.95.5 2.24.84.27.32.3.74.22 1.14a2.42 2.43 0 0 1-1.16 1.55c-.6.33-1.28.42-1.9.42-1.25 0-2.3-.51-1.97-2h1.21zm6.36-1.03c-.3 1.27.02 2.2 1.28 2.2a1.7 1.7 0 0 0 1.7-1.27h1.16c-.1.3-.25.8-.79 1.29a3.27 3.27 0 0 1-2.28.81c-1.92 0-2.58-1.2-2.18-3.14.26-1.21.72-2.2 1.83-2.89a3.38 3.38 0 0 1 1.76-.45c2.75 0 2.17 2.43 1.94 3.44h-4.4zm3.4-.81c.13-.59.28-1.81-1.14-1.81-.74 0-1.74.45-2.05 1.8zm5.8 3.66a3.03 3.03 0 0 1 .09-.92 2.49 2.49 0 0 1-2.12 1.11c-1.4 0-2-.79-1.78-1.8a2.6 2.6 0 0 1 1.45-1.8c.74-.36 1.72-.4 2.2-.4.3 0 .48.01.83.04.16-.76.23-1.1.06-1.36-.16-.3-.64-.4-.98-.4-1.16 0-1.4.79-1.45 1.04h-1.15c.1-.31.23-.74.66-1.16a3.33 3.33 0 0 1 2.12-.66c.89 0 1.78.28 1.98.9.12.36.07.65 0 .95L143.7 88c-.02.1-.18.91-.23 1.54h-1.04zm-.15-3c-.46 0-2.2 0-2.47 1.24-.09.39 0 1.07 1.04 1.07.58 0 1.08-.23 1.45-.66.34-.41.43-.75.63-1.61a4.85 4.85 0 0 0-.64-.04zm4.3-1.88c.08-.4.16-.83.2-1.25h1.17l-.23 1.2a2.2 2.2 0 0 1 1.72-1.22c.35-.05.6-.04.8-.02l-.25 1.12-.2-.05h-.33c-1.36 0-1.84.8-2.06 1.85l-.69 3.26h-1.16l1.04-4.89zm8 .72c.04-.28.18-1.29-.94-1.29-1.59 0-1.97 1.85-2.07 2.3-.27 1.27-.22 2.43 1 2.43.99 0 1.47-.72 1.62-1.33h1.16a2.98 2.98 0 0 1-2.94 2.2c-.42 0-1.35-.1-1.85-.8-.27-.42-.5-1.07-.23-2.34.54-2.54 2.26-3.3 3.48-3.3.4 0 1.31.08 1.72.75.34.52.27 1.03.22 1.37h-1.16zm2.99-4.65h1.16l-.75 3.58a2.85 2.85 0 0 1 2.2-1.02c.65 0 1.53.23 1.72.98.07.25.09.54-.1 1.44l-.8 3.83h-1.18l.76-3.63c.13-.54.37-1.73-.95-1.73-.85 0-1.4.52-1.61.81a3.27 3.27 0 0 0-.46 1.3l-.7 3.25h-1.16zm5.81 7.34h1.36l-.32 1.47h-1.35zm13.22-4.96c0-.3.12-1.53-1.57-1.53-2.12 0-2.97 2.17-3.29 3.64-.35 1.66-.25 3.46 1.76 3.46.53 0 1.08-.14 1.54-.52.39-.34.54-.72.62-.93h1.34c-.54 1.74-2.29 2.45-3.8 2.45-3.1 0-3.13-2.72-2.77-4.43.4-1.86 1.71-4.64 4.85-4.64 1.25 0 2.9.5 2.62 2.5h-1.31zm2.56 1.55c.08-.4.16-.83.2-1.25h1.17l-.23 1.2a2.2 2.2 0 0 1 1.72-1.22c.35-.05.6-.04.8-.02l-.25 1.12-.2-.05h-.33c-1.36 0-1.84.8-2.06 1.85l-.69 3.26h-1.16l1.04-4.89zm4.95 2.03c-.29 1.27.03 2.2 1.29 2.2a1.7 1.7 0 0 0 1.7-1.27h1.16c-.1.3-.26.8-.8 1.29a3.27 3.27 0 0 1-2.27.81c-1.92 0-2.58-1.2-2.18-3.14.26-1.21.72-2.2 1.83-2.89a3.38 3.38 0 0 1 1.76-.45c2.74 0 2.17 2.43 1.94 3.44h-4.4zm3.4-.81c.13-.59.27-1.81-1.14-1.81-.74 0-1.75.45-2.05 1.8zm5.8 3.66a3.03 3.03 0 0 1 .08-.92 2.49 2.49 0 0 1-2.12 1.11c-1.4 0-2-.79-1.78-1.8.11-.49.44-1.28 1.46-1.8.74-.36 1.72-.4 2.2-.4.3 0 .47.01.83.04.15-.76.23-1.1.06-1.36-.16-.3-.65-.4-.99-.4-1.16 0-1.39.79-1.45 1.04h-1.15c.1-.31.23-.74.67-1.16a3.31 3.31 0 0 1 2.12-.66c.88 0 1.78.28 1.97.9.12.36.07.65 0 .95l-.66 2.93c-.03.1-.19.91-.24 1.54h-1.04zm-.15-3c-.46 0-2.2 0-2.47 1.24-.08.39.01 1.07 1.04 1.07.59 0 1.08-.23 1.46-.66.34-.41.42-.75.63-1.61a4.85 4.85 0 0 0-.64-.04zm3.57-3.15h1.09l.26-1.29 1.23-.36-.35 1.65h1.36l-.18.84h-1.37l-.77 3.67c-.06.3-.17.81.64.81.23 0 .46-.03.56-.06l-.18.89a5.9 5.9 0 0 1-.96.07c-1.06 0-1.5-.3-1.29-1.3l.86-4.1h-1.09l.19-.83zm5.01.02h1.15l-1.3 6.13h-1.16zm.44-2.66h1.38L203.3 82h-1.38zm2.8 3.37.15-.7h1.16l-.21.99c.2-.26.81-1.12 2.2-1.12.55 0 2.17.2 1.77 2.09l-.87 4.16h-1.17l.82-3.9c.08-.4.1-.76-.1-1.05a1.32 1.32 0 0 0-1.02-.41c-.82 0-1.72.6-1.98 1.83l-.74 3.53h-1.15zm7.28 5.9c-.1.67.08 1.2 1.17 1.2 1.6 0 1.87-1.17 2.22-2.83-.7 1.01-1.86 1.04-2.23 1.04-.56 0-1.34-.12-1.72-.75-.39-.62-.39-1.45-.22-2.26.45-2.07 1.88-3.1 3.38-3.1 1.24 0 1.57.62 1.74.93l.19-.84h1.11l-.26 1.12-.81 3.83c-.32 1.48-.5 2.08-.85 2.54-.72.98-1.94 1.1-2.78 1.1-2.44 0-2.27-1.15-2.14-1.98h1.22zm3.09-2.06c.31-.31.56-.64.79-1.76.15-.76.08-1.21-.15-1.52a1.47 1.47 0 0 0-1.21-.54c-1.46 0-1.96 1.47-2.12 2.25-.2.94-.18 2.18 1.22 2.18.67 0 1.12-.24 1.47-.6zm11.1-2.58c.04-.28.18-1.29-.94-1.29-1.58 0-1.97 1.85-2.07 2.3-.27 1.27-.22 2.43 1 2.43.99 0 1.47-.72 1.62-1.33h1.16a2.98 2.98 0 0 1-2.94 2.2c-.41 0-1.35-.1-1.84-.8-.28-.42-.5-1.07-.23-2.34.53-2.54 2.25-3.3 3.47-3.3.4 0 1.31.08 1.72.75.34.52.27 1.03.22 1.37h-1.16zm5.73-2.12c2.44 0 2.59 1.92 2.32 3.21-.38 1.8-1.72 3.29-3.8 3.29-2.09 0-2.72-1.41-2.33-3.2.32-1.52 1.4-3.3 3.8-3.3zm-1.28 5.64c.87 0 2-.62 2.38-2.47.33-1.52-.2-2.32-1.28-2.32-.73 0-2.02.46-2.43 2.37-.26 1.26.03 2.42 1.33 2.42zm5.92-4.78.14-.7h1.15l-.2.99c.2-.26.81-1.12 2.2-1.12.55 0 2.17.2 1.77 2.09l-.88 4.16h-1.18l.83-3.9c.08-.4.1-.76-.11-1.05-.23-.28-.6-.41-1-.41-.83 0-1.73.6-2 1.83l-.73 3.53h-1.16l1.16-5.42zm7.45 0 .14-.7h1.16l-.21.99c.2-.26.81-1.12 2.2-1.12.55 0 2.17.2 1.77 2.09l-.88 4.16h-1.18l.83-3.9c.08-.4.1-.76-.11-1.05-.23-.28-.6-.41-1-.41-.83 0-1.73.6-2 1.83l-.73 3.53h-1.15l1.15-5.42zm7.57 2.57c-.29 1.27.03 2.2 1.29 2.2a1.7 1.7 0 0 0 1.7-1.27H256c-.1.3-.25.8-.78 1.29a3.27 3.27 0 0 1-2.28.81c-1.93 0-2.58-1.2-2.18-3.14.25-1.21.71-2.2 1.83-2.89a3.38 3.38 0 0 1 1.75-.45c2.74 0 2.17 2.43 1.94 3.44h-4.4zm3.4-.81c.14-.59.28-1.81-1.13-1.81-.74 0-1.75.45-2.05 1.8zm6.44-.5c.04-.28.17-1.29-.95-1.29-1.58 0-1.97 1.85-2.07 2.3-.26 1.27-.22 2.43 1 2.43.99 0 1.47-.72 1.62-1.33h1.16a2.98 2.98 0 0 1-2.94 2.2c-.41 0-1.35-.1-1.84-.8-.28-.42-.5-1.07-.23-2.34.53-2.54 2.25-3.3 3.47-3.3.4 0 1.31.08 1.72.75.34.52.27 1.03.22 1.37h-1.16zm2.1-1.99h1.09l.26-1.29 1.23-.36-.36 1.65h1.37l-.18.84h-1.37l-.77 3.67c-.06.3-.17.81.64.81.23 0 .46-.03.56-.06l-.18.89a5.9 5.9 0 0 1-.96.07c-1.06 0-1.5-.3-1.29-1.3l.86-4.1h-1.09l.19-.83zm5.01.02h1.15l-1.3 6.13h-1.16zm.44-2.66h1.38l-.27 1.26h-1.38zm5.62 2.5c2.45 0 2.6 1.93 2.33 3.22-.4 1.8-1.72 3.29-3.8 3.29-2.1 0-2.71-1.41-2.34-3.2.32-1.52 1.41-3.3 3.8-3.3zm-1.27 5.65c.86 0 1.98-.62 2.37-2.47.33-1.52-.2-2.32-1.28-2.32-.73 0-2.01.46-2.43 2.37-.26 1.26.03 2.42 1.34 2.42zm5.91-4.78.15-.7h1.15l-.21.99c.2-.26.81-1.12 2.2-1.12.55 0 2.17.2 1.77 2.09l-.88 4.16h-1.18l.83-3.9c.08-.4.1-.76-.11-1.05-.23-.28-.6-.41-1-.41-.83 0-1.73.6-2 1.83l-.73 3.53h-1.15l1.15-5.42zm7.32 3.6c-.11.46 0 1.11 1.1 1.11.47 0 .85-.08 1.16-.38.16-.16.28-.37.32-.57.13-.6-.28-.7-1.15-.92-1.23-.3-2.23-.55-1.97-1.84.23-1.12 1.37-1.85 2.8-1.85.75 0 1.78.22 2 .96.09.34.03.63-.03.88h-1.18c.23-.92-.54-1-.96-1-.17 0-1.24 0-1.44.87-.1.56.4.69.7.77 1.62.4 1.96.5 2.25.84.26.32.3.74.21 1.14a2.42 2.43 0 0 1-1.16 1.55 3.9 3.9 0 0 1-1.9.42c-1.25 0-2.3-.51-1.96-2h1.2zm5.27.35h1.36l-.32 1.47h-1.36z" class="amsLogoSVG gray"/></svg> </span> </a> <div class="ams-nav--quick__container"> <ul class="ams-nav--quick__list"> <li> <details id="nav-signin" data-js="autoclose" class="ams-nav__animated-details"> <summary class="ams-nav--quick__signin__summary ams-nav__animated-details--summary__marker">Sign in <i class="fa-light fa-arrow-right-to-bracket" aria-hidden="true"></i></summary> <ul class="ams-nav--quick__signin__list"> <li><a href="https://ebus.ams.org/ebus/Register.aspx?_gl=1*164hf4g*_ga*OTgwODg1MjE0LjE2OTUzOTE1OTM.*_ga_26G4XFTR63*MTcxODcxMjQ3NS4yODkuMS4xNzE4NzEzNDA5LjAuMC4w">New to AMS?<br>Register now.</a></li> <li><a href="https://ebus.ams.org/ebus/MyAccount.aspx">Your Account</a></li> <li><a href="https://ebus.ams.org/ebus/MyAccount/PurchaseHistory.aspx">Your Purchases</a></li> <li><a href="https://ebus.ams.org/ebus/Giving/DonationHistory.aspx">Your Donations</a></li> <li><a href="https://ebus.ams.org/ebus/MyAccount/DirectoryListing.aspx">Your Member Directory Listing</a></li> <li> <hr> </li> <li><a href="https://ebus.ams.org/ebus/Meetings/EventCalendar.aspx">Register for a Meeting</a></li> <li><a href="https://ebus.ams.org/ebus/Membership/MemberDirectory.aspx">AMS Member Directory</a></li> </ul> </details> </li> <li><a href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/">MathSciNet</a></li> <li><a href="https://bookstore.ams.org/?_gl=1*zbr2c0*_ga*OTgwODg1MjE0LjE2OTUzOTE1OTM.*_ga_26G4XFTR63*MTcxODYyMjkzMC4yODguMS4xNzE4NjM0NDg5LjAuMC4w">Bookstore</a> </li> <li><a href="/cart">My Cart <i class="fal fa-shopping-cart" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li><a href="/custserv">Help <i class="fal fa-question-square" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li class="ams-nav--quick__list__search"> <script async src="https://cse.google.com/cse.js?cx=433170aa8883642d1"></script> <div class="gcse-searchbox-only">[Google Custom Search placeholder]</div>  </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav aria-label="main" class="ams-nav ams-nav--main"> <details open data-js="mobileNav"> <summary class="ams-nav--main__button"> <span class="ams-nav--main__button__marker" aria-hidden="true"> <i class="fa fa-solid fa-bars"></i> <i class="fa fa-sharp fa-regular fa-xmark"></i> </span> Navigate the site </summary> <ul class="ams-nav--main__list"> <li class="ams-nav--main__list__item"> <details name="megamenu" data-js="autoclose" class="ams-nav__animated-details"> <summary class="ams-nav--main__level1__button ams-nav__animated-details--summary__marker">Publications</summary> <div class="ams-nav--main__level1"> <div role="list" class="ams-nav--main__level1__list"> <div role="listitem" class="ams-nav--main__level1__list__title"> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title" href="./publications/"><i class="fa-duotone fa-house" aria-hidden="true"></i> Publications Home</a> <span class="ams-nav--main__level1__list__title__tagline">Over 100 years of publishing excellence</span> </div> <div> <div role="listitem"> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title" href="./book-series/">Books</a> <ul> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="https://bookstore.ams.org">Bookstore</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/arc/books/">Book Author Resources</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/submit-proposal/submit-proposal">Submit a Book Proposal</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/pubpermissions/">Rights, Licensing, Permissions</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div role="listitem" class="ams-nav--main__level1__list__col1"><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title" href="/open-math-notes">Open Math Notes</a> <ul> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/open-math-notes/omn-faq">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div role="listitem"> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title" href="/journals">Journals</a> <ul> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/journals#memberjournals">Member Journals</a> </li> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/journals#research">Research Journals</a></li> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/journals#translation">Translation Journals</a> </li> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/journals#distributed">Distributed Journals</a> </li> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/open-access">Open Access Journals</a> </li> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/policies">Guidelines and Policies</a> </li> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="//arc/journals/index.html">Journal Author Resources</a></li> </ul> </div> <div role="listitem"> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title" href="/librarian">Librarian Resources</a> <ul> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/ebooks/ebooks">eBook Collections</a></li> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/counter-compliant-usage-statistics">COUNTER Usage Statistics</a></li> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/cgi-bin/click_access/inquiry.pl">My Subscriptions</a></li> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/subscriberinfo">Subscription Information</a> </li> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/journals-license">Licensing Information</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div role="listitem"> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title" href="/math-reviews">Mathematical Reviews/MathSciNet®</a> <ul> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet">MathSciNet®</a></li> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mresubs/index.html">Reviewer Home</a> </li> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/mathsciprice">MathSciNet® Subscriptions</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </details> </li> <li class="ams-nav--main__list__item"> <details name="megamenu" data-js="autoclose" class="ams-nav__animated-details"> <summary class="ams-nav--main__level1__button ams-nav__animated-details--summary__marker">Membership</summary> <div class="ams-nav--main__level1"> <ul class="ams-nav--main__level1__list"> <li class="ams-nav--main__level1__list__title"> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title" href="/membership"><i class="fa-duotone fa-house" aria-hidden="true"></i> Membership Home</a> <span class="ams-nav--main__level1__list__title__tagline">Welcome to your membership center</span> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title">Membership Choices</a> <ul> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link__membership" href="https://ebus.ams.org/ebus/Membership/JoinAMS.aspx?_gl=1*1jqqdo7*_ga*OTgwODg1MjE0LjE2OTUzOTE1OTM.*_ga_26G4XFTR63*MTcxODk3NDc3MS4yOTMuMS4xNzE4OTc2MTQ4LjAuMC4w"><i class="fa fa-handshake" aria-hidden="true"></i> Join the Society</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link__membership" href="https://ebus.ams.org/ebus/Membership/RenewyourAMSMembership.aspx?_gl=1*1jqqdo7*_ga*OTgwODg1MjE0LjE2OTUzOTE1OTM.*_ga_26G4XFTR63*MTcxODk3NDc3MS4yOTMuMS4xNzE4OTc2MTQ4LjAuMC4w"><i class="fa fa-address-card" aria-hidden="true"></i> Renew your Membership</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link__membership" href="/givemembership"><i class="fa fa-gift" aria-hidden="true"></i> Gift a Membership</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title" href="/membership#indiv">Individual Membership</a> <ul> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/benefits">Member Benefits</a></li> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/cml">Member Directory</a></li> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/mem-reciprocity">Reciprocating Societies</a> </li> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/mem-develop">Members in Developing Countries</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title" href="/institutional">Institutional Membership</a> <ul> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/institutional#domestic">Domestic Institutions</a></li> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/international-members">International Institutions</a></li> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/two-year">Two-Year Institutions</a> </li> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/studentchapters">Graduate Student Chapter Program</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title">Other Member Types</a> <ul> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/corporate">Corporate Memberships</a> </li> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/mem-associates">Associate Memberships</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </details> </li> <li class="ams-nav--main__list__item"> <details name="megamenu" data-js="autoclose" class="ams-nav__animated-details"> <summary class="ams-nav--main__level1__button ams-nav__animated-details--summary__marker">Meetings & Conferences</summary> <div class="ams-nav--main__level1"> <ul class="ams-nav--main__level1__list"> <li class="ams-nav--main__level1__list__title"> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title" href="/meetings"><i class="fa-duotone fa-house" aria-hidden="true"></i> Meetings & Conferences Home</a> <span class="ams-nav--main__level1__list__title__tagline">Engage with colleagues and the latest research</span> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title" href="/national">National Meetings</a> <ul> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="http://jointmathematicsmeetings.org/">Joint Mathematics Meetings</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/national">Upcoming JMMs</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/national_past.html">Previous JMMs</a> </li> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/lectures">Special Lectures</a></li> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/national#pep">Professional Enhancement Programs (PEPs)</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title" href="/sectional-index">Sectional Meetings</a> <ul> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/sectional.html">Upcoming Sectionals</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/sectional_past.html">Previous Sectionals</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/sectional-papers">Presenting Papers</a> </li> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/hosting">Hosting Sectionals</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title">Other Meetings, Conferences & Workshops</a> <ul> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/coeminiconference">Education Mini-conference</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/international-index">International Meetings</a> </li> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/calendar/mathcalendar.pl">Mathematics Calendar</a></li> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/short-course-general">Short Courses</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title">Meetings Resources</a> <ul> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/suggestspeaker">Suggest a Speaker</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/meetings-grants">AMS Meetings Grants</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/abstracts">Submitting Abstracts</a> </li> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/welcoming-environment-policy">Welcoming Environment Policy</a></li> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/https://mathsafe.org/mathsafe/mathsafe-home">MathSafe – supporting safe meetings</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </details> </li> <li class="ams-nav--main__list__item"> <details name="megamenu" data-js="autoclose" class="ams-nav__animated-details"> <summary class="ams-nav--main__level1__button ams-nav__animated-details--summary__marker">News & Outreach</summary> <div class="ams-nav--main__level1"> <ul class="ams-nav--main__level1__list"> <li class="ams-nav--main__level1__list__title"> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title" href="/publicoutreach"><i class="fa-duotone fa-house" aria-hidden="true"></i> News & Outreach Home</a> <span class="ams-nav--main__level1__list__title__tagline">Explore news, images, posters, and mathematical essays</span> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title" href="/news">News from the AMS</a> <ul> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/news?class_id=1&expand=1&type=news">AMS News Releases</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/featurestories">Spotlight Stories</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/info-for-journalists">Information for Journalists</a> </li> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/in-memory/in-memory">In Memory Of</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title" href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/">Math Voices</a> <ul> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/featurecolumn/">Feature Column</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/mathmedia/">Math in the Media</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/teachingandlearning/">Column on Teaching and Learning</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title">Explorations</a> <ul> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/edi-community">Recognizing Diverse Mathematicians</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/posters">AMS Posters</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/math-and-music">Mathematics & Music</a> </li> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/math-imagery">Mathematical Imagery</a> </li> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/mathmoments">Mathematical Moments</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </details> </li> <li class="ams-nav--main__list__item"> <details name="megamenu" data-js="autoclose" class="ams-nav__animated-details"> <summary class="ams-nav--main__level1__button ams-nav__animated-details--summary__marker">Grants & Awards</summary> <div class="ams-nav--main__level1"> <ul class="ams-nav--main__level1__list"> <li class="ams-nav--main__level1__list__title"> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title" href="/grants-awards"><i class="fa-duotone fa-house" aria-hidden="true"></i> Grants & Awards Home</a> <span class="ams-nav--main__level1__list__title__tagline">Resources and opportunities to further your mathematical pursuits</span> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title">Grants</a> <ul> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/travel-grants">Research & Travel Grants</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/meetings-child-care-grants">Child Care Grants for Meetings</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/emp-epsilon">Young Scholars Program Grants</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title">Honors & Awards</a> <ul> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/prizes-awards/palist.cgi">Prizes & Awards</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/ams-fellows">Fellows of the AMS</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title" href="/ams-fellowships">AMS Fellowships</a> <ul> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/bergman-fellow">Stefan Bergman Fellowship</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/Birman-fellow">Birman Fellowship for Women Scholars</a></li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/emp-centflyer">Centennial Fellowship</a></li> <li><a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/Claytor-Gilmer">Claytor-Gilmer Fellowship</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </details> </li> <li class="ams-nav--main__list__item"> <details name="megamenu" data-js="autoclose" class="ams-nav__animated-details"> <summary class="ams-nav--main__level1__button ams-nav__animated-details--summary__marker">Learning & Careers</summary> <div class="ams-nav--main__level1"> <ul class="ams-nav--main__level1__list"> <li class="ams-nav--main__level1__list__title"> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title" href="/learning-careers"><i class="fa-duotone fa-house" aria-hidden="true"></i> Learning & Careers Home</a> <span class="ams-nav--main__level1__list__title__tagline">Resources to support advanced mathematics teaching and learning</span> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title" href="/students">For Students</a> <ul> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/high-school">High School</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/undergraduate">Undergraduate</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/graduate">Graduate</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/find-graduate-programs">Find Graduate Programs</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/emp-reu">Research Experience for Undergraduates (REUs)</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title" href="/leaders">For Faculty & Leaders</a> <ul> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/chairsworkshop">Department Chairs Workshop</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/teachingandlearning/">Column on Teaching & Learning</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="https://mathvoices.ams.org/mathmedia/">Math in the Media</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/emp-survey">Salary & Departmental Data</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title">Jobs</a> <ul> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/employment-services">Employment Services</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="https://www.mathjobs.org/">MathJobs</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/begin/">BEGIN Careers</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title" href="/profdev">Professional Development</a> <ul> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/mrc">Mathematics Research Communities</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/opportunities">Mathematical Opportunities Listing</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="https://www.mathprograms.org/">MathPrograms</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </details> </li> <li class="ams-nav--main__list__item"> <details name="megamenu" data-js="autoclose" class="ams-nav__animated-details"> <summary class="ams-nav--main__level1__button ams-nav__animated-details--summary__marker">Government Relations</summary> <div class="ams-nav--main__level1"> <ul class="ams-nav--main__level1__list"> <li class="ams-nav--main__level1__list__title"> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title" href="/government"><i class="fa-duotone fa-house" aria-hidden="true"></i> Government Relations Home</a> <span class="ams-nav--main__level1__list__title__tagline">Advocating for the mathematical sciences</span> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title">Elevating Mathematics in Congress</a> <ul> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/letters-statements-legislation">Letters, Statements, & Legislation</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/dc-outreach">Congressional Briefings</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title">Legislative Priorities</a> <ul> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/dc-issues">Federal Issues of Concern</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/dc-budgetprimer">Federal Budget Process</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title">Get Involved</a> <ul> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/dc-prepare">Advocacy Resources</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="getinvolved-dc/">Take Action</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/Contact-Us">Contact Us</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title">DC-Based Fellowships</a> <ul> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/ams-congressional-fellowship">Congressional Fellowship</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/massmediafellow">Mass Media Fellowship</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/dc-case-fellowship">Catalyzing Advocacy in Science & Engineering (CASE) Fellowship</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </details> </li> <li class="ams-nav--main__list__item"> <details name="megamenu" data-js="autoclose" class="ams-nav__animated-details"> <summary class="ams-nav--main__level1__button ams-nav__animated-details--summary__marker">Giving</summary> <div class="ams-nav--main__level1"> <ul class="ams-nav--main__level1__list"> <li class="ams-nav--main__level1__list__title"> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title" href="/support-ams"><i class="fa-duotone fa-house" aria-hidden="true"></i> Giving to the AMS</a> <span class="ams-nav--main__level1__list__title__tagline">Your gifts make great things happen for mathematics</span> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title" href="/giving_op">What You Can Support</a> <ul> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/giving/2020Fund">The 2020 Fund</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/nextgen">Next Generation Fund</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/birman-fellowship-fund">Birman Fellowship for Women Scholars</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/child-care-grants">JMM Child Care Grants</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/support-mrc">Mathematics Research Communities</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/mdc">MathSciNet for Developing Countries</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title" href="/create-a-legacy">Create a Legacy</a> <ul> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/in-honor-of">Make a Tribute Gift</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/named-endowed-funds">Create a Permanent Fund</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/establish-prize-award">Establish a Prize, Award or Fellowship</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/including-the-ams-in-your-will">Bequests and Charitable Estate Planning</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title" href="/honoring">Honoring Your Gift</a> <ul> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/donorstories">Donor Stories</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/donor-wall">Donor Wall of Honor</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/fiske-society">Thomas S. Fiske Society</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/gift-society">AMS Contributors Society</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/ams-gardens">AMS Gardens</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title" href="/giving-resources">Giving Resources</a> <ul> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/committees/comm-all.html#DEVELOP">AMS Development Committee</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/giftacceptance">AMS Gift Acceptance Policy</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/contactus">Contact Us</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </details> </li> <li class="ams-nav--main__list__item"> <details name="megamenu" data-js="autoclose" class="ams-nav__animated-details"> <summary class="ams-nav--main__level1__button ams-nav__animated-details--summary__marker">About the AMS</summary> <div class="ams-nav--main__level1"> <ul class="ams-nav--main__level1__list"> <li class="ams-nav--main__level1__list__title"> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title" href="/about"><i class="fa-duotone fa-house" aria-hidden="true"></i> About the AMS</a> <span class="ams-nav--main__level1__list__title__tagline">Advancing research. Connecting the mathematics community</span> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title">Our Organization</a> <ul> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/exec-staff">Executive Staff</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/diversity">Equity, Diversity, & Inclusion</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/ams-jobs">Jobs at AMS</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/reach"> Contact Us</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/custserv">Customer Service</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title" href="/governance/governance">Our Governance</a> <ul> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/officers">Officers</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/member-board">Board of Trustees</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/member-council">Council</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/exec-comm/ec">Executive Committee</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/presidents">Presidents</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/gov-committees">Committees</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link ams-nav--main__level1__link--title">Governance Operations</a> <ul> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/bylaws">By-Laws</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/election-info">Elections</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/sec-governancemeetings">Calendar of Meetings</a> </li> <li> <a class="ams-nav--main__level1__link" href="/sec-ams-policystatements">Policy Statements & Guidelines</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </details> </li> </ul> </details> </nav>  <script src="/js/www-nav.js"></script> </header>  </div> <main class="container" id="main"> <div class="row g-5 mt-2" id="maincontent">  <script src="/js/alert.js"></script> <link href="/css/alert.css" rel="stylesheet preload" as="style"> <span id="amsAlerts" style="margin-top: 0px"></span> <span id="alertSnippet" style="display:none"> <span class="amsAlert" id="alert-ams-day" alerttype="Attention" alertactive="true" alertpersist="true" alertstart="2024-11-29T00:00:00" alertend="2024-12-02T00:00:00" alerttitle="">AMS members, we celebrate you on AMS Day! Check out the <a href="/ams-day" style="font-weight:bold; text-decoration: underline;">exclusive offers</a> available December 2, 12 a.m. - 11:59 p.m. ET!</span> <span class="amsAlert" id="alert-ams-day-now" alerttype="Attention" alertactive="true" alertpersist="true" alertstart="2024-12-02T00:00:00" alertend="2024-12-03T00:00:00" alerttitle="">Today is AMS Day! Check out the <a href="/ams-day" style="font-weight:bold; text-decoration: underline;">exclusive offers</a> available to AMS members, now through 11:59 p.m. ET!</span> </span>   <div class="col-12 col-md-10"> <header class="row clearfix"> <h1 id="#headline">Donor Stories</h1> <p class="lead">Giving to the AMS is giving to mathematics. Since 1888, the AMS has worked to advance research, publish to the highest standards, and support mathematicians throughout their careers. Your gift enhances the lives of mathematics students and professionals, recognizing excellence, creating opportunities, and building for the mathematics of tomorrow.</p> <h2>Read about some of our donors</h2> <nav class="well well-sm"> <ul class="list-inline" id="donortop"> <li><a href="#LaDuke">Jeanne LaDuke</a></li> <li><a href="#Helgason">Sigurdur Helgason</a></li> <li><a href="#Guaraldo">Rosalind Guaraldo</a></li> <li><a href="#Ballard">Lee and Bill Ballard</a></li> <li><a href="#Fitzpatrick">John Joseph Fitzpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="#Hassinger">Bill Hassinger</a></li> <li><a href="#Wildstrom">Susan Schwartz Wildstrom</a></li> <li><a href="#Sward">David Sward</a></li> <li><a href="#LaCampagne">Carole Lacampagne</a></li> <li><a href="#McKee">Terry and Shirley McKee</a></li> <li><a href="#Augenstein">Walt Augenstein</a></li> <li><a href="#Mansfield">Ralph and Hilda Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="#Million">Ralph Cohen and Susan Million</a></li> <li><a href="#Duren">Peter Duren</a></li> <li><a href="#Schot">Joanna and Steven Schot</a></li> </ul> </nav> </header> <div class="clearfix"> </div> <section class="row"> <article id="LaDuke"> <h2>Dr. Jeanne LaDuke: Pioneering Author</h2> <p><img alt="Image of Jeanne LaDuke" class="float-start img-fluid me-5" src="/images/LaDuke.png" style="max-width:260px" />Fiske Society member Dr. Jeanne LaDuke talked with us about the challenges of becoming a mathematician and a faculty member at DePaul University for 30 years at a time when women were (and continue to be) underrepresented in the mathematics field. As co-author of “Pioneering Women in American Mathematics,” Dr. LaDuke tells us why she decided to include the AMS in her estate plan. “It has been so supportive of my scholarly interests and provided a warm community in which to participate. I am especially pleased that they published our book and continue to support the supplementary material for the book.” Read our conversation with Dr. Jeanne LaDuke and her experience publishing with the AMS.</p> <p><a href="https://www.ams.org/giving/laduke">View the full article</a></p> <a class="float-end" href="#donortop">Return to top ↑</a></article> <div class="clearfix"> </div> <section class="row"> <article id="Helgason"> <h2>In Honor of a Brilliant Scholar</h2> <p><img alt="Image of Sigurdur Helgason" class="float-start img-fluid me-5" src="/images/big-Siggi_reception_2-courtesyofHelgasonfamily.jpg" style="max-width:260px" />When the esteemed Dr. Sigurdur “Siggi” Helgason (1927 – 2023) passed away last year at the age of 96, his family wanted to honor his career and memorialize his legacy by establishing a new named endowed fund to support the publication of books and journals at the AMS. A professor of mathematics at MIT for more than 60 years and a 2013 AMS fellow, Dr. Helgason also won the Leroy P. Steele Prize for his influential books<em> Differential Geometry and Symmetric Spaces</em> (Academic Press, 1962), <em>Differential Geometry, Lie Groups, and Symmetric Spaces</em> (Academic Press, 1978); and <em>Groups and Geometric Analysis</em> (Academic Press, 1984). As the author of seven books and numerous articles, Dr. Helgason valued the AMS’ publishing program for its focus on quality materials and its fair treatment of authors. The Sigurður Helgason Fund for Publication Support will help underwrite production and pricing of AMS publications and allow many works and archives available free of charge to the mathematical community.</p> <p><a href="https://www.ams.org/giving/ways-to-give/named-endowed-funds">Read more about the Fund his family established.</a></p> <a class="float-end" href="#donortop">Return to top ↑</a></article> <div class="clearfix"> </div> <article id="Guaraldo"> <h2>Rosalind Guaraldo: A Gift to Support the Centennial Fellowship</h2> <p> </p> <figure class="float-start me-5" style="max-width:260px"><img alt="Image of Centennial Fellow Francesc Castella" class="float-start img-fluid me-5" height="322" src="/images/Castella-dv2-pic.jpg" style="max-width:260px" width="250" /> <figcaption>Francesc Castella, an associate professor of mathematics at the University of California, Santa Barbara, is the AMS Centennial Research Fellow for the 2024-2025 academic year.<br /> Credit: Francesc Castella</figcaption> </figure> Rosalind “Roz” J. Guaraldo, PhD, was a member of the American Mathematical Society for 48 years. A native New Yorker, Dr. Guaraldo’s first love was music. It was in college, however, that Guaraldo became hooked on mathematics after taking her first calculus class. As a professor at St. Francis College in Brooklyn, she nurtured an appreciation for mathematics in her students for more than 30 years, and her support for the community continues, even after her death in December 2019. As part of her legacy, Dr. Guaraldo left a gift in her will to the AMS Centennial Fellowship Fund, which makes awards annually to outstanding mathematicians to help further their careers in research. The US$50,000 fellowship can be used towards course release, research-related travel, and research-related expenses, and has supported more than 110 awardees since 1974. <p> </p> <p><a href="https://www.ams.org/giving/giving_op/centennial-fellowship-fund">Learn more about the Centennial Fellowship.</a></p> <a class="float-end" href="#donortop">Return to top ↑</a></article> <div class="clearfix"> </div> <section class="row"> <article id="Ballard"> <h2>Lee and Bill Ballard: Supporting the Causes They Cared About</h2> <p><img alt="Image of Lee and Bill Ballard" class="float-start img-fluid me-5" src="/images/Ballards.png" style="max-width:260px" />As a professor of mathematics at the University of Montana, Dr. William “Bill” Ralph Ballard (1926-2014) dedicated his career to improving the quality of mathematics instruction and the curriculum. He wanted to ensure that all students received a rigorous foundation in math as part of a general liberal education. Dr. Ballard died in 2014, and ten years later, his wife, Lee Atwater Morgan Ballard (1924-2023), designated an unrestricted gift in memory of her husband to the AMS upon her passing. In their far-reaching commitment to high quality education as well as local libraries, conservation, and social services, the Ballards supported the causes they cared about throughout their lives.</p> <a class="float-end" href="#donortop">Return to top ↑</a></article> <div class="clearfix"> </div> <section class="row"> <article id="Fitzpatrick"> <h2>John J. Fitzpatrick: Math Enthusiast</h2> <p><img alt="Image of donor Jay Fitzpatrick" class="float-start img-fluid me-5" src="/images/Fitzpatrick.png" style="max-width:260px" />John J. Fitzpatrick (1961-2022) of Lancaster, PA, a lifelong enthusiast of math, language, religion and chess, left a generous gift to the AMS Publication Support Fund after he passed away last year. Fitzpatrick graduated from J.P. McCaskey High School and Duke University with a bachelor's degree. After college, he moved to New York City and worked at The Metropolitan Museum of Art and Barnes & Noble until his return to Lancaster. He was an avid reader of mathematics texts as well as countless other fields of study, and we thank him for his support of the AMS publishing program.</p> <p> </p> <p><a href="https://www.ams.org/giving/giving_op/book-fund">Learn more about the AMS Publication Support Fund</a></p> <a class="float-end" href="#donortop">Return to top ↑</a></article> <div class="clearfix"> </div> <section class="row"> <article id="Hassinger"> <h2>William "Bill" Hassinger: Transformational Philanthropist</h2> <p><img alt="Image of donor Bill Hassinger" class="float-start img-fluid me-5" src="/images/Hassinger.png" style="max-width:260px" />William “Bill” E. Hassinger (1929 – 2022) of Greensboro, North Carolina, was a successful executive and a quiet yet transformational philanthropist for higher education and the math community. A member of the AMS for 46 years, Hassinger had made annual gifts to the AMS, and his extraordinary bequest to the AMS as part of his estate plan will be a lasting legacy for many years to come.</p> <p>We are deeply grateful to Bill for his support of mathematics and for remembering the AMS with a gift in his will.</p> <p>Learn more about the <a href="https://www.ams.org/giving/honoring/fiske-society">Fiske Society</a> and <a href="https://www.ams.org/giving/ways-to-give/including-the-ams-in-your-will">charitable estate planning</a>.</p> <a class="float-end" href="#donortop">Return to top ↑</a></article> <div class="clearfix"> </div> <section class="row"> <article id="Wildstrom"> <h2>Susan Schwartz Wildstrom: Making Mathematics Welcoming to All</h2> <p><img alt="Image of donor Susan Schwartz Wildstrom" class="float-start img-fluid me-5" src="https://www.ams.org/images/Susan-Wildstrom.png" style="max-width:260px" />Susan Schwartz Wildstrom, a longtime AMS supporter and member of the Fiske Society, inspired generations of students to discover mathematics during her 50-year career as a high school math teacher. Susan talked with us about her rocky start with calculus, her memories of teaching, and why she is making a gift in her will to the AMS.</p> <p><a href="https://www.ams.org/ways-to-give/sschwartz">View the full article</a></p> <a class="float-end" href="#donortop">Return to top ↑</a></article> <div class="clearfix"> </div> <article id="Sward"> <h2>David Sward: Supporting the Pursuit of Mathematics Education and Research</h2> <p><img alt="Image of donor David Sward holding his dog" class="float-start img-fluid me-5" src="https://www.ams.org/images/Sward-small.png" style="max-width:260px" />Retired software engineer David Sward has been a member of the AMS since 2017. He became a member of the Fiske Society soon after when he let us know he had made a gift to the AMS in his charitable estate plan.</p> <p>David has had a varied career, working as an Aviation Electronics Technician, an accounting technician at the I.R.S. and a software engineer at the Department of Veterans Affairs, and earned an MA in economics along the way. David spoke to us about the importance of mathematics and its relationship to physics and other sciences, and what he values about the AMS.</p> <p><a href="https://www.ams.org/ways-to-give/sward">View the full article</a></p> <a class="float-end" href="#donortop">Return to top ↑</a></article> <div class="clearfix"> </div> <article id="LaCampagne"> <h2>Carole B. Lacampagne (1933-2021): Advocate for Gender Equality in Mathematics</h2> <p> </p> <figure class="float-start me-5" style="max-width:260px"><img alt="Image of donor Carole B. Lacampagne" class="img-fluid" src="https://www.ams.org/images/Carole-Lacampagne.png" /> <figcaption>Carole Lacampagne advocated for gender equality and worked to improve mathematics education-as well as having an Erdós number of 1.<br /> Credit: Suzanne Lacampagne</figcaption> </figure> A member of the AMS for 39 years and an inaugural 2013 AMS Fellow, Carole Lacampagne was known for her work in mathematics education and for championing gender equality in mathematics. She also had the distinction of being a collaborator with Paul Erdós on three papers in Number Theory. <p> </p> <p>Lacampagne served on the AMS Committee on Education, and was also active with the Mathematical Association of America. She received her Ed.D. from Teachers College, Columbia University in 1964, served as Director of the National Institute on Postsecondary Education, Libraries and Lifelong Learning, and then as Director of the Mathematical Sciences Education Board at the National Academies of Science. Before retiring, she taught as an adjunct at George Washington University.</p> <p>We are deeply grateful to Carole for her support of mathematics and for remembering the AMS with a gift in her will.</p> <p>Learn more about the <a href="https://www.ams.org/giving/honoring/fiske-society">Fiske Society</a> and <a href="https://www.ams.org/giving/ways-to-give/including-the-ams-in-your-will">charitable estate planning</a>.</p> <a class="float-end" href="#donortop">Return to top ↑</a></article> <div class="clearfix"> </div> <article id="McKee"> <h2>New McKee Fund to Support Undergraduate Research</h2> <p><img alt="Three woman presenting a poster session" class="float-start img-fluid me-5" src="https://www.ams.org/images/donor-story-McKee2.png" style="max-width:260px" />In 2021, mathematician Terry McKee and his wife, Shirley, established a Named Endowed Fund at the AMS, the Terry A. McKee Fund for Undergraduate Research in Mathematics at the AMS. Terry and Shirley spoke with us about their gift and how it will support future generations of mathematics undergraduates.</p> <p><em>Our goal is to support undergraduates gain research experience through mentorships, stipends, and more. Mathematics itself may take on a new face, and collaborations between institutions, businesses, and professional organizations may play a significant role in the future. We believe the AMS has the experience and resources necessary to be a facilitator and leader in this field</em>.</p> <p><a href="https://www.ams.org/ways-to-give/mckee">View the full article</a></p> <a class="float-end" href="#donortop">Return to top ↑</a></article> <div class="clearfix"> </div> <article id="Augenstein"> <h2>Walt Augenstein Gives to the Future of Mathematics</h2> <p><img alt="Walt Augenstein leaning on wall" class="float-start img-fluid me-5" src="https://www.ams.org/images/donor-story-Augenstein2.png" style="max-width:260px" />Walter O. Augenstein, Jr. (1951-2020) An AMS member for 25 years, Walt made a generous unrestricted bequest to the AMS. He received his BA in mathematics from Case Western Reserve University and worked in systems development and software design. Driven by a passion for math and computer science, he worked to increase his knowledge by taking MOOC courses (Massive Online Open Courses) and reading. He also actively volunteered for a local mental health support organization in his home city of Columbus, OH.</p> <p>Walt told us, <q>I am profoundly glad to be able to contribute to the progress of mathematics and the AMS throughout the world. A gift to the AMS and to the future of mathematics is an expression of my values.</q> We are deeply grateful for Walt's dedication to mathematics.</p> <p class="photocredits">Photo credit: Augenstein Family</p> <a class="float-end" href="#donortop">Return to top ↑</a></article> <div class="clearfix"> </div> <article id="Mansfield"> <h2>Ralph and Hilda Mansfield: Charter Members of the Fiske Society</h2> <p><img alt="Ralph and Hilda Mansfield sitting on wooden fence rail" class="float-start img-fluid me-5" src="https://www.ams.org/images/donor-story-Mansfield2.png" style="max-width:260px" />Ralph Mansfield (1912-2007) and Hilda Mansfield (1920-2020)</p> <p>Ralph Mansfield, an AMS member for sixty-nine years and a charter member of the Fiske Society, earned his master's degree at the University of Chicago and his PhD in Mathematics at the Illinois Institute of Technology. He taught in the City Colleges of Chicago system, chaired the Mathematics Department at Harold Washington College, and also worked as an electrical engineer. Ralph had many interests, including politics, astronomy, jewelry-making and design; he was also an avid tennis player, umpiring top level tennis tournaments. His wife, Hilda, was a teacher, pianist, gardener, and supporter of human rights. We thank Ralph and Hilda for their support of research and the mathematical community through their generous unrestricted bequest.</p> <p class="photocredits">Photo credit: Diane Judge.</p> <a class="float-end" href="#donortop">Return to top ↑</a></article> <div class="clearfix"> </div> <article id="Million"> <h2>Fiske Society Members Ralph Cohen and Susan Million Share their Support for Mathematics</h2> <p><img alt="Ralph Cohen and Susan Million hugging" class="float-start img-fluid me-5" src="https://www.ams.org/images/donor-story-Cohen2.png" style="max-width:260px" />Mathematics runs in the family and has always been very important in our lives. That's why we decided to support the AMS financially because it is the AMS' primary mission to support mathematics and mathematicians.</p> <p>Ralph Cohen and his wife Susan Million have made a generous bequest to the AMS in their will. Ralph is the Barbara Kimball Browning Professor Emeritus of Mathematics at Stanford University, and a member of the AMS Board of Trustees. Susan is a Research Associate at Stanford's Graduate School of Education and a former Principal and Math teacher at Half Moon Bay High School in California. We asked Ralph and Susan to tell us about their backgrounds, both mathematical and otherwise, and why they chose to make this gift to the AMS.</p> <p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xFXJwWa2pH8">Watch Ralph and Susan's complete conversation (14.34)</a>.</p> <a class="float-end" href="#donortop">Return to top ↑</a></article> <div class="clearfix"> </div> <article id="Duren"> <h2>Peter Duren: Helping the AMS Support Mathematics Research into the Future</h2> <p><img alt="Portrait picture of Peter Duren" class="float-start img-fluid me-5" src="https://www.ams.org/images/donor-story-Duren2.png" style="max-width:260px" />Peter L. Duren (1935-2020) worked in complex analysis and the history of mathematics. He received his PhD in 1960 from MIT under the direction of Gian-Carlo Rota and taught at the University of Michigan from 1962 until 2010. An AMS member since 1959, Duren was an AMS Fellow, volunteer and author, a prolific writer, and served as an editor for <em>The American Mathematical Monthly</em> and the <em>Michigan Mathematical Journal</em>. His <a href="https://lsa.umich.edu/math/people/memorials.html">obituary</a> from University of Michigan Department of Mathematics notes that Teaching and mentoring motivated students was his special joy. He often said that he felt truly fortunate for having figured out a way to make a living doing what he loved. The AMS is grateful for Peter's unrestricted bequest, which he made, in his words, to help the AMS support mathematics research into the future.</p> <a class="float-end" href="#donortop">Return to top ↑</a></article> <div class="clearfix"> </div> <article id="Schot"> <h2>Legacy Gift from Mathematical Couple Joanna and Steven Schot</h2> <p><img alt="Portrait picture of Joanna and Steven Schot" class="float-start img-fluid me-5" src="https://www.ams.org/images/donor-story-Schot2.png" style="max-width:260px" />Mathematical couple, Joanna Wood Schot (1927-2019) and Steven H. Schot (1930-2018), generously remembered the AMS in their Trust with an unrestricted bequest. In the 1960s, Joanna Wood Schot was a nuclear physicist who worked to develop computer programs essential in the development of propulsion engines and power reactors for the Navy. She also served as Executive Director of the Association of Women in Mathematics in the 1990s. Her husband, Steven H. Schot, worked in differential equations and fluid mechanics and was a Professor Emeritus at American University, Washington, D.C.. We thank Joanna and Steven for their support of research and the mathematical community through their generous unrestricted bequest.</p> <a class="float-end" href="#donortop">Return to top ↑</a></article> <div class="clearfix"> </div> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </div>   <div class="col-12 col-md-2"> <aside id="quicklinkscontainer"> <div id="quickLinks"> <h3>Quick Links</h3> <p class="quickLinkItem"> <a href="/giving/contactus" onclick="_gaq.push(['_trackEvent','QuickLink', 'Contact the Development Office', location.pathname]);"> Contact the Development Office</a></p> </div> </aside> <aside id="newscontainer"> <script src="/js/ajax.js"></script> <script src="/content/js/news_calendar.js"></script> <div id="ams_news_calendar"></div> <div class="clearfix"><br></div> </aside> </div>  </div> </main> <section class="container-fluid">  <hr class="mx-auto"> <footer id="pagefooter" class="text-center"> <div class="container text-center"> <div class="row">  <div class="col-12 mb-1"> <p> American Mathematical Society · <a href="https://goo.gl/maps/ZvJdkQEC79p" title="Google map 201 Charles Street Providence, Rhode Island" aria-label="Google map to AMS headquarters"> 201 Charles Street Providence, Rhode Island 02904-2213 </a> · <a href="/reach" aria-label="Contact Us">Contact Us</a> </p> </div>  <script src="https://kit.fontawesome.com/2ad6d7fbd6.js" crossorigin="anonymous" defer></script>  <nav class="col-12 mb-1" aria-label="Social media links"> <ul class="list-inline"> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/amermathsoc" class="link-dark" title="Follow us on Facebook" aria-label="View the AMS on Facebook"> <i class="fa-brands fa-facebook-f" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://bsky.app/profile/amermathsoc.bsky.social" class="link-dark" title="Follow us on Bluesky" aria-label="View the AMS on Bluesky"> <i class="fa-brands fa-bluesky"></i></a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://twitter.com/amermathsoc" class="link-dark" title="Follow us on X" aria-label="View the AMS on X"> <i class="fa-brands fa-x-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/51001" class="link-dark" title="Follow us on LinkedIn" aria-label="View the AMS on LinkedIn"> <i class="fa-brands fa-linkedin-in" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/amermathsoc" class="link-dark" title="Follow us on Instagram" aria-label="View the AMS on Instagram"> <i class="fa-brands fa-instagram" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/amermathsoc" class="link-dark" title="Follow us on YouTube" aria-label="View the AMS on YouTube"> <i class="fa-brands fa-youtube" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> </ul> </nav>  <div class="col-12"> <p><small> © <a href="/copyright" aria-label="Copyright policy">Copyright</a> <span id="copyYear">2024</span> American Mathematical Society · <a href="/privacy" aria-label="Privacy statement">View Our Privacy Statement</a> · <a href="/tou" aria-label="Terms of use">Terms of Use</a> · <a href="/accessibility" aria-label="Accessibility policy">Accessibility and AMS Online Content</a> </small></p> <p><small> AMS, American Mathematical Society, the tri-colored AMS logo, and Advancing research, Creating connections, are trademarks and service marks of the American Mathematical Society and registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. </small></p> </div> </div> </div> <script> // Dynamically update the copyright year document.getElementById('copyYear').textContent = new Date().getFullYear(); </script> </footer>  </section>  <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.7.1.min.js" integrity="sha256-/JqT3SQfawRcv/BIHPThkBvs0OEvtFFmqPF/lYI/Cxo=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.1.3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" defer></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

AMS Donor Stories