CINXE.COM
Wikistudy - Wikibuku
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available" lang="ms" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Wikistudy - Wikibuku</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-not-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )mswikibooksmwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","Januari","Februari","Mac","April","Mei","Jun","Julai","Ogos","September","Oktober","November","Disember"],"wgRequestId":"df8301a1-d7be-4ae1-ba3e-e3e73cbfb2f4","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Wikistudy","wgTitle":"Wikistudy","wgCurRevisionId":11386,"wgRevisionId":11386,"wgArticleId":2587,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Panduan belajar"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ms","wgPageContentLanguage":"ms","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Wikistudy","wgRelevantArticleId":2587,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikibooks","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ms","pageLanguageDir":"ltr", "pageVariantFallbacks":"ms"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":4000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"]};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","mediawiki.action.styles":"ready","mediawiki.interface.helpers.styles":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready", "ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.checkUser.clientHints"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.action.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cmediawiki.interface.helpers.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ms&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Wikistudy - Wikibuku"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ms.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikistudy"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Sunting" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy&action=edit"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikibooks.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikibuku (ms)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ms.wikibooks.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ms.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikistudy"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Suapan Atom Wikibuku" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Perubahan_terkini&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Wikistudy rootpage-Wikistudy skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Pergi ke kandungan</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu utama" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu utama</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu utama</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Kotak pandu arah </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama" title="Kunjungi Laman Utama [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Laman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:Kedai_Kopi" title="Tentang projek, perkara yang anda dapat lakukan, tempat untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Gerbang komuniti</span></a></li><li id="n-Kedai-kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:Kedai_Kopi"><span>Kedai kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_terkini" title="Senarai perubahan terkini dalam wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Rawak" title="Muat laman rawak [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Buku rawak</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Kandungan" title="Tempat mencari jawapan"><span>Bantuan</span></a></li><li id="n-Resipi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Resipi"><span>Resipi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikibooks.svg" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikibuku" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikibooks-wordmark-ms.svg" style="width: 6.125em; height: 0.875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikibooks-tagline-ms.svg" width="121" height="9" style="width: 7.5625em; height: 0.5625em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Cari" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari Wikibuku [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Kotak carian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cari Wikibuku" aria-label="Cari Wikibuku" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari Wikibuku [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Khas:Cari"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Alat peribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Tukar penampilan saiz, lebar dan warna fon laman" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Penampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Penampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikibooks.org&uselang=ms" class=""><span>Menderma</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Wikistudy&returntoquery=oldid%3D11386" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib" class=""><span>Buka akaun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Wikistudy&returntoquery=oldid%3D11386" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log masuk</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Lebih pilihan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alat peribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alat peribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ms.wikibooks.org&uselang=ms"><span>Menderma</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buka_akaun&returnto=Wikistudy&returntoquery=oldid%3D11386" title="Anda digalakkan untuk membuka akaun dan melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ianya tidak wajib"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buka akaun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Log_masuk&returnto=Wikistudy&returntoquery=oldid%3D11386" title="Anda digalakkan untuk melog masuk; walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak wajib. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log masuk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Laman untuk penyunting log keluar <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengenalan" aria-label="Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>Ketahui lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan_saya" title="Senarai suntingan yang dibuat daripada alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Sumbangan</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perbincangan_saya" title="Perbincangan mengenai penyuntingan daripada alamat IP anda [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wikistudy</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Rencana ini hanya wujud dalam bahasa ini. Tambah rencana untuk bahasa lain" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tambahkan bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:NewItem?site=mswikibooks&page=Wikistudy" title="Tambah pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Tambah pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikistudy" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Laman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan:Wikistudy&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan (laman tidak wujud) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikistudy"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy&action=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikistudy"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy&action=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Wikistudy" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Wikistudy" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy&oldid=11386" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Wikistudy&id=11386&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DWikistudy%26oldid%3D11386"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikibooks.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DWikistudy%26oldid%3D11386"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Wikistudy"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Wikistudy&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikibuku</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning mw-revision"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content"><div id="mw-revision-info">Semakan 11386 pada 13:05, 2 Julai 2022 oleh <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumbangan/2402:1980:8336:7255:B0B2:E222:69DA:9DE4" class="mw-userlink mw-anonuserlink" title="Khas:Sumbangan/2402:1980:8336:7255:B0B2:E222:69DA:9DE4" data-mw-revid="11386"><bdi>2402:1980:8336:7255:b0b2:e222:69da:9de4</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan_pengguna:2402:1980:8336:7255:B0B2:E222:69DA:9DE4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="Perbincangan pengguna:2402:1980:8336:7255:B0B2:E222:69DA:9DE4 (laman tidak wujud)">bincang</a>)</span></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy&diff=prev&oldid=11386" title="Wikistudy">beza</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy&direction=prev&oldid=11386" title="Wikistudy">← Semakan terdahulu</a> | Semakan semasa (beza) | Semakan berikutnya→ (beza)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><div style="font-size: 110%; line-height: 1.5"> <table cellspacing="3" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" bgcolor="#fffffc" style="border:1px solid #cfcfcf;padding:1em;padding-top:0.5em;padding-bottom:0em;"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Census-reading-hi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Census-reading-hi.jpg/250px-Census-reading-hi.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Census-reading-hi.jpg/375px-Census-reading-hi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Census-reading-hi.jpg/500px-Census-reading-hi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1776" data-file-height="1161" /></a><figcaption>Di Wikistudy, kami menulis buku rujukan dan latihan untuk pelajar-pelajar peringkat rendah dan menengah.</figcaption></figure> <div style="Font-size: 120%"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Selamat_Datang_ke_Wikistudy">Selamat Datang ke Wikistudy</h3></div> <p><i><b>Kaedah pembelajaran wiki-interaktif terkini</b></i> </p> </div> <p>Matlamat projek ini ialah untuk mengeluarkan buku rujukan dan latihan untuk para pelajar peringkat rendah dan menengah. Sesuai untuk para remaja yang berumur 12 hingga 17 tahun yang sedang berada dalam sesi pembelajaran secara formal. Buku-buku ini dicipta dan diolah dengan jelas berpandukan sukatan KSSR (Kurikulum Standart Sekolah Rendah) dan KSSM (Kurikulum Standart Sekolah Menengah). Setiap modul pembelajaran adalah diselaraskan hampir mengikut kaedah pendidikan interaktif Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia (KPM). Namun demikian, kaedah pembawakan pembelajaran ini tidaklah mengikut secara sepenuhnya kaedah pembelajaran oleh KPM, hal ini kerana sistem pembelajaran yang dibawa adalah dalam bentuk capaian wiki yang kandungan bersifat bebas untuk disunting. Kaedah pembelajaran yang digunapakai hendaklah bersifat ilmiah dan menyeronokkan serta dijelaskan dengan bantuan gambar, rajah, lakaran, dan lukisan asal. Buku Wikistudy disediakan oleh komuniti penulis, guru, pelajar dan orang-orang muda yang bekerja bersama-sama di seluruh dunia. Buku-buku ini mengemukakan maklumat fakta yang dapat ditentusahkan. Anda diundang untuk bersama-sama menyertai dan menulis, menyunting dan mengolah semula setiap modul dan buku untuk memperbaiki isinya. Buku-buku yang terkandung di sini dilesenkan di bawah Lesen Dokumentasi Bebas GNU. <br /> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table> <tbody><tr> <td width="60%" bgcolor="#77bbff" style="border:1px solid #aaaaff;padding:1em;padding-top:0.5em;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bahasa">Bahasa</h4></div> <hr /> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy:Bahasa_Melayu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikistudy:Bahasa Melayu (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Melayu</a> -- <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy:Penulisan_bahasa_Melayu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikistudy:Penulisan bahasa Melayu (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Melayu Kertas 1 (Penulisan)</a> -- <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy:Pemahaman_bahasa_Melayu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikistudy:Pemahaman bahasa Melayu (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Melayu Kertas 2 (Pemahaman)</a> -- <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy:Bertutur_bahasa_Melayu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikistudy:Bertutur bahasa Melayu (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Melayu Kertas 3 (Bertutur)</a> -- <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy:Mendengar_bahasa_Melayu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikistudy:Mendengar bahasa Melayu (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Melayu Kertas 4 (Mendengar)</a> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy:Bahasa_Inggeris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikistudy:Bahasa Inggeris (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Inggeris</a> -- <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy:Pemahaman_bahasa_Inggeris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikistudy:Pemahaman bahasa Inggeris (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Inggeris Kertas 1 (Pemahaman)</a> -- <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy:Penulisan_bahasa_Inggeris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikistudy:Penulisan bahasa Inggeris (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Inggeris Kertas 2 (Penulisan)</a> -- <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy:Bertutur_bahasa_Inggeris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikistudy:Bertutur bahasa Inggeris (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Inggeris Kertas 3 (Bertutur)</a> -- <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy:Mendengar_bahasa_Inggeris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikistudy:Mendengar bahasa Inggeris (laman tidak wujud)">Bahasa Inggeris Kertas 4 (Mendengar)</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sains">Sains</h4></div> <hr /> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy_Sains&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikistudy Sains (laman tidak wujud)">Sains</a> -- <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy:Biologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikistudy:Biologi (laman tidak wujud)">Biologi</a> -- <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy:Kimia_Asas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikistudy:Kimia Asas (laman tidak wujud)">Kimia Asas</a> -- <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy:Fizik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikistudy:Fizik (laman tidak wujud)">Fizik</a> -- <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy:Eksperimen_Sains&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikistudy:Eksperimen Sains (laman tidak wujud)">Eksperimen Sains</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Matematik">Matematik</h4></div> <hr /> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy_Matematik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikistudy Matematik (laman tidak wujud)">Matematik</a> -- <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy:Matematik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikistudy:Matematik (laman tidak wujud)">Matematik</a> -- <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy:Matematik_Tambahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikistudy:Matematik Tambahan (laman tidak wujud)">Matematik Tambahan</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Geografi_dan_Sejarah">Geografi dan Sejarah</h4></div> <hr /> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy:Prasejarah_dan_Tamadun_Awal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikistudy:Prasejarah dan Tamadun Awal (laman tidak wujud)">Prasejarah dan Tamadun Awal</a> -- <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy:Geografi_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikistudy:Geografi Malaysia (laman tidak wujud)">Geografi Malaysia</a> -- <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy:Sumber_Asli_dan_Tenaga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikistudy:Sumber Asli dan Tenaga (laman tidak wujud)">Sumber Asli dan Tenaga</a> -- <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy:Biokepelbagaian_dan_Alam_Sekitar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikistudy:Biokepelbagaian dan Alam Sekitar (laman tidak wujud)">Biokepelbagaian dan Alam Sekitar</a> -- <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy:Geografi_Dunia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikistudy:Geografi Dunia (laman tidak wujud)">Geografi Dunia</a> -- <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy:Tamadun_Islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikistudy:Tamadun Islam (laman tidak wujud)">Tamadun Islam</a> -- <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy:Sosial_dan_Politik_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikistudy:Sosial dan Politik Malaysia (laman tidak wujud)">Sosial dan Politik Malaysia</a> -- <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy:Pengangkutan_dan_Bentuk_Muka_Bumi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikistudy:Pengangkutan dan Bentuk Muka Bumi (laman tidak wujud)">Pengangkutan dan Bentuk Muka Bumi</a> -- <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy:Sejarah_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikistudy:Sejarah Malaysia (laman tidak wujud)">Sejarah Malaysia</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikijunior" title="Wikijunior">Wikijunior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity" title="Wikiversity">Wikiversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:Rak_panduan_belajar" title="Wikibuku:Rak panduan belajar">Panduan belajar</a></li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐6f4956b788‐5bqf5 Cached time: 20241128201216 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [no‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.015 seconds Real time usage: 0.020 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 52/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 2/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key mswikibooks:pcache:2587:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241128201216 and revision id 11386. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy&oldid=11386">https://ms.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy&oldid=11386</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Panduan_belajar" title="Kategori:Panduan belajar">Panduan belajar</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Laman ini kali terakhir disunting pada 13:05, 2 Julai 2022.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks disediakan di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ms">Lesen Creative Commons Pengiktirafan/Perkongsian Serupa</a>; terma tambahan mungkin digunapakai. Lihat <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terma Penggunaan</a> untuk butiran lanjut.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Polisi privasi</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:Perihal">Perihal Wikibuku</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikibuku:Penafian_umum">Penafian</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kod Tatakelakuan</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Pembangun</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ms.wikibooks.org">Statistik</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Kenyataan kuki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ms.m.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Wikistudy&oldid=11386&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Paparan mudah alih</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-cdrv5","wgBackendResponseTime":148,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.015","walltime":"0.020","ppvisitednodes":{"value":52,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":2,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 0.000 1 -total"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-6f4956b788-5bqf5","timestamp":"20241128201216","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>