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class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Controverse</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> débat public prolongé </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Controverse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Langue" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Langue</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" 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</nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Homonymie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour la publication, voir <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Controverses_(revue)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Controverses (revue)">Controverses (revue)</a>.</p> </div> </div> <p>Une <b>controverse</b> est une discussion argumentée, engendrée par l'expression d'une différence ou divergence d'opinion ou d'une critique quant à un problème, un phénomène ou un état de choses.</p> <p>Le terme est souvent employé pour désigner l'ensemble des argumentations autour de sujets sensibles, dont l'unanimité ou un compromis semble, à première vue, très difficile à atteindre.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Controverse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Caract%C3%A9ristiques"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Caractéristiques</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Controverse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sciences"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Sciences</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Controverse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Rh%C3%A9torique_classique"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Rhétorique classique</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Controverse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Notes et références</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Controverse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Voir_aussi"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Voir aussi</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Controverse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Articles_connexes"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Articles connexes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Controverse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliographie"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliographie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Controverse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liens_externes"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Liens externes</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Caractéristiques"><span id="Caract.C3.A9ristiques"></span>Caractéristiques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Controverse&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Caractéristiques" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A9tonymie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Métonymie">métonymie</a>, une controverse désigne l'ensemble des éléments divergents ou contradictoires d'un débat<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Controverse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Depuis plus d'une dizaine d'années, l'étude des controverses s'est imposée comme une branche très active des sciences sociales et en particulier de la sociologie. Les disputes et les controverses sont même devenues des objets de prédilection des courants regroupés sous l'expression de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sociologie_pragmatique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sociologie pragmatique">sociologie pragmatique</a>. On trouve plusieurs formes de modélisation sociologique des processus controversés. Les sujets ou domaines les plus investis de la controverse incluent la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Politique">politique</a>, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Science?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Science">science</a>, l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Environnement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Environnement">environnement</a>, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Religion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Religion">religion</a> et le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sexe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sexe">sexe</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Controverse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Controverse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Controverse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. D'autres domaines de controverse incluent l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Histoire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Histoire">histoire</a>, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Th%C3%A9ologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Théologie">théologie</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Controverse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philosophie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philosophie">philosophie</a>, ou encore l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89conomie_(discipline)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Économie (discipline)">économie</a>, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Finances?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Finances">finances</a>, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organisation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organisation">organisations</a>, l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%82ge_d%27une_personne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Âge d'une personne">âge</a>, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Genre_(sciences_sociales)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Genre (sciences sociales)">genre</a> et la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Race_humaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Race humaine">race</a> (ethnie).</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Sciences">Sciences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Controverse&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Sciences" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>L'histoire des sciences est jalonnée de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Controverse_scientifique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Controverse scientifique">controverses scientifiques</a> dont certaines sont restées célèbres, comme celle du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Histoire_du_calcul_infinit%C3%A9simal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Histoire du calcul infinitésimal">calcul infinitésimal</a> ou celle de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tectonique_des_plaques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tectonique des plaques">tectonique des plaques</a>. Pour les sociologues des sciences, l’étude d’une controverse scientifique permet d’ouvrir la « boîte noire » que tend à devenir tout contenu scientifique une fois construit et accepté. Il convient de ce point de vue de distinguer les controverses scientifiques proprement dites<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Controverse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> des controverses publiques dans lesquelles interviennent toutes sortes d'acteurs<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Controverse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Une discipline scientifique spécialisée a été créée : l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agnotologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agnotologie">agnotologie</a> ; La science et la justice ont également démontré qu'il existe une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Fabrique_de_la_controverse&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Fabrique de la controverse (page inexistante)">fabrique de la controverse</a>, technique et stratégie utilisées, mise au service de lobbies, d'industries ou de gouvernements, par des « marchands de doute ». Par exemple l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Industrie_du_tabac?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Industrie du tabac">industrie du tabac</a>, du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Climatoscepticisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Climatoscepticisme">climatoscepticisme</a>, de l'industrie des pesticides<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Controverse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Rhétorique_classique"><span id="Rh.C3.A9torique_classique"></span>Rhétorique classique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Controverse&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Rhétorique classique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-modere"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <figure class="mw-halign-center noviewer" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/25px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 25px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/25px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="25" data-height="25" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/38px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg/50px-2017-fr.wp-orange-source.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <b>Cette section <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citez_vos_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:Citez vos sources">ne cite pas suffisamment ses sources</a></b><small> (octobre 2021)</small>.  <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> Pour l'améliorer, ajoutez <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Identifier_des_sources_fiables?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Identifier des sources fiables">des références de qualité et vérifiables</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Ins%C3%A9rer_une_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_(%C3%89diteur_visuel)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Insérer une référence (Éditeur visuel)">comment faire ?</a>) ou le modèle <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modèle:Référence nécessaire">{{Référence nécessaire}}</a> sur les passages nécessitant une source. </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>Dans la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rh%C3%A9torique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rhétorique">rhétorique</a> classique, la controverse (latin <i>controversia</i>) est un exercice d'école, une forme de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9clamation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Déclamation">déclamation</a> relevant du genre judiciaire ; elle était en principe destinée à préparer les futurs avocats à plaider. Elle se distinguait d'un autre exercice, la <i>suasoria</i>, appartenant au genre délibératif, qui visait à convaincre une personne ou une assemblée d'agir ou de ne pas agir d'une certaine manière. Des exemples de controverses apparaissent dans la <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rh%C3%A9torique_%C3%A0_Herennius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rhétorique à Herennius">Rhétorique à Herennius</a></i>, mais la collection la plus complète est offerte par les <i>Controversiae</i> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9n%C3%A8que_le_Rh%C3%A9teur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sénèque le Rhéteur">Sénèque le Rhéteur</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Controverse&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Controverse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/controverse">article "controverse" du Trésor de la langue française informatisé</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Controverse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> U.S. News & World Report, Volume 117, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D6D4vAAAAYAAJ">Issues 10-17</a>, 1994 citation: <span class="citation">« Perhaps that was inevitable, since abortion touches on three of the most contentious subjects in human discourse: religion, sex and politics. »</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Controverse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Kenneth L. Karst (1995) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DsDaVhSJOgIYC%26pg%3DPA37"><i>Law's Promise, Law's Expression</i></a> p.137 citation: <span class="citation">« Religion, sex and politics: in my younger days, these were the subjects you weren't supposed to discuss at the dinner table. »</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Controverse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Susan Spencer, Margo Collins, Albert J. Rivero (2004) <i>The eighteenth-century novel: Volume 4</i> p.6 <span class="citation">« ...the expiration of the Printing Act in 1695 swelled the number of licensed printers, while the relaxation of censorship under the Restoration opened once-guarded topics, especially religion, sex, and politics, for public discussion »</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Controverse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Certaines facultés de théologie, surtout durant le temps de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9forme_protestante?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Réforme protestante">Réforme protestante</a> avaient créé des 'chaires de controverses'.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Controverse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Raynaud 2018</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Controverse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Debaz 2013 </span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Controverse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v%3D6FQT7b2ExP4"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Effondrement de la biodiversité : pourquoi on a tout faux ! avec Pierre-Henri Gouyon professeur au MNHN, spécialiste des sciences de l'évolution et plus particulièrement en génétique, en botanique, et en éthique environnementale</cite></a> » <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-10-18" data-sort-value="2022-10-18">18 octobre 2022</time>)</small></span></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Controverse&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style> <div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="wiktionary"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/controverse" class="extiw" title="wikt:controverse">controverse</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur le <span class="project">Wiktionnaire</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Controverse&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Controverse_fabriqu%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Controverse fabriquée">Controverse fabriquée</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Controverse_scientifique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Controverse scientifique">Controverse scientifique</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_de_controverses_scientifiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste de controverses scientifiques">Liste de controverses scientifiques</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ristique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éristique">Éristique</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pol%C3%A9mique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polémique">Polémique</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Controverse&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li>Josquin Debaz, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.dicopart.fr/fr/dico/controverse">Controverse</a> », <i>in</i> I. Casillo avec R. Barbier, L. Blondiaux, F. Chateauraynaud, J.-M. Fourniau, R. Lefebvre, C. Neveu C. et D. Salles (dir.), <i>Dictionnaire critique et interdisciplinaire de la participation</i>, Paris, GIS Démocratie et Participation, 2013, <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/2268-5863">2268-5863</a></span>)</small>.</li> <li>Dominique Raynaud, <i>Sociologie des controverses scientifiques</i>, Paris, Editions Matériologiques, 2018, <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782373611359?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782373611359"><span class="nowrap">9782373611359</span></a>)</small>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Controverse&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li> <div class="liste-horizontale"> <span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1255828?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></span> : <ul> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://d-nb.info/gnd/4128337-5">GND</a></span></li> </ul> </div></li> <li> <div class="liste-horizontale"> <span class="wd_identifiers">Notice dans un dictionnaire ou une encyclopédie généraliste<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1255828?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span></span> : <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/controverse/"><i>Universalis</i></a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://forccast.hypotheses.org/297">Cartographie de controverses</a> - FORCCAST</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/la-conversation-scientifique/qu-est-ce-qu-une-controverse-3766078">« Qu'est-ce qu'une controverse ? »</a>, <i>La Conversation scientifique</i>, France Culture, 1 septembre 2023.</li> </ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de la société"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/27px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/27px-Social_sciences.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="27" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/41px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/55px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Société">Portail de la société</a></span> </span></li> </ul>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DControverse%26oldid%3D215108306">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Controverse&oldid=215108306</a> ». </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Controverse&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Philotam" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1715740878"> <span>Dernière modification le 15 mai 2024, à 03:41</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Langues</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omstredenheid" title="Omstredenheid – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Omstredenheid" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AE%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%2581" title="خلاف – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خلاف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%25C3%25BCbahis%25C9%2599" title="Mübahisə – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mübahisə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580" title="Спор – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Спор" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%2595" title="বিতর্ক – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিতর্ক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontroverze" title="Kontroverze – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kontroverze" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontroverse" title="Kontroverse – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kontroverse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversy" title="Controversy – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Controversy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversia" title="Controversia – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Controversia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaidlus" title="Vaidlus – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vaidlus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25B4%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AC%25D8%25B1%25D9%2587" title="مشاجره – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مشاجره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%259E%25D7%2597%25D7%259C%25D7%2595%25D7%25A7%25D7%25AA" title="מחלוקת – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מחלוקת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A6%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A6" title="वादानुवाद – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वादानुवाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prijepor" title="Prijepor – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Prijepor" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontroversi" title="Kontroversi – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kontroversi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversia" title="Controversia – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Controversia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%25AB%2596%25E4%25BA%2589" title="論争 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="論争" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mb%25C4%25A9mb%25C4%25A9_(controversy)" title="Mbĩmbĩ (controversy) – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Mbĩmbĩ (controversy)" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25B5%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%25B5%25E0%25B2%25BE%25E0%25B2%25A6" title="ವಿವಾದ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿವಾದ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%2585%25BC%25EB%259E%2580" title="논란 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="논란" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Str%25C4%25ABds" title="Strīds – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Strīds" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontroversi" title="Kontroversi – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kontroversi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controverse" title="Controverse – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Controverse" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controv%25C3%25A9rsia" title="Controvérsia – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Controvérsia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controvers%25C4%2583" title="Controversă – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Controversă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580" title="Спор – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Спор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontroverza" title="Kontroverza – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kontroverza" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversy" title="Controversy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Controversy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontroverzia" title="Kontroverzia – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kontroverzia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontradikta" title="Kontradikta – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kontradikta" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0" title="Контроверза – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Контроверза" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D1%2583%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2587%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0" title="Суперечка – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Суперечка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AA%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2%25D8%25B9" title="متنازع – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="متنازع" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tranh_c%25C3%25A3i" title="Tranh cãi – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tranh cãi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%259E%25D7%2597%25D7%259C%25D7%2595%25D7%25A7%25D7%25AA" title="מחלוקת – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מחלוקת" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25BA%2589%25E8%25AE%25BA" title="争论 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="争论" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%258B%2597%25E6%2592%25AC" title="拗撬 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="拗撬" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 15 mai 2024 à 03:41.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Le contenu est disponible sous licence <a class="external" rel="nofollow" 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