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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Construction_of_infraspecific_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction_of_infraspecific_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Construction of infraspecific names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction_of_infraspecific_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abbreviation_of_infraspecific_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abbreviation_of_infraspecific_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Abbreviation of infraspecific names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abbreviation_of_infraspecific_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legitimate_infraspecific_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legitimate_infraspecific_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Legitimate infraspecific names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legitimate_infraspecific_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifying_authors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifying_authors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Specifying authors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifying_authors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Difference_from_zoological_nomenclature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Difference_from_zoological_nomenclature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Difference from zoological nomenclature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Difference_from_zoological_nomenclature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Difference_from_prokaryotic_nomenclature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Difference_from_prokaryotic_nomenclature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Difference from prokaryotic nomenclature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Difference_from_prokaryotic_nomenclature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultivated_plants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivated_plants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Cultivated plants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultivated_plants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraspesifieke_naam" title="Infraspesifieke naam – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Infraspesifieke naam" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%B5_(%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="इन्फ्राप्रजाति नाँव (बनस्पति बिज्ञान) – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इन्फ्राप्रजाति नाँव (बनस्पति बिज्ञान)" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0xon_infraespec%C3%ADfic" title="Tàxon infraespecífic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tàxon infraespecífic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Тĕсрен аяларах ранг – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тĕсрен аяларах ранг" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax%C3%B3n_infraespec%C3%ADfico" title="Taxón infraespecífico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Taxón infraespecífico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxon_infrasp%C3%A9cifique" title="Taxon infraspécifique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Taxon infraspécifique" data-language-autonym="Français" 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Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Infraspecifieke naam" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1xon_infraespec%C3%ADfica" title="Táxon infraespecífica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Táxon infraespecífica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Инфравидовые ранги – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Инфравидовые ранги" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Infraspecific_taxon&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Infraspecific taxon">Infraspecific taxon</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Name of a taxon, at a rank lower than species</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the scientific names of plants and fungi. For the equivalent naming of animals, see <a href="/wiki/Trinomen" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinomen">Trinomen</a>. For the names of cultivated plants, see <a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_Cultivated_Plants" title="International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants">International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants</a>.</div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botany</a>, an <b>infraspecific name</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific name">scientific name</a> for any <a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxon</a> below the <a href="/wiki/Rank_(taxonomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rank (taxonomy)">rank</a> of <a href="/wiki/Species_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Species (biology)">species</a>, i.e. an <b>infraspecific taxon</b> or <b>infraspecies</b>. The scientific names of botanical taxa are regulated by the <i><a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_algae,_fungi,_and_plants" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants">International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants</a></i> (ICN).<sup id="cite_ref-icb_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As specified by the ICN, the name of an infraspecific taxon is a combination of the name of a species and an <b>infraspecific epithet</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-icb24_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icb24-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> separated by a connecting term that denotes the rank of the taxon. An example of an infraspecific name is <i>Astrophytum myriostigma</i> subvar. <i>glabrum</i>, the name of a subvariety of the species <i><a href="/wiki/Astrophytum_myriostigma" title="Astrophytum myriostigma">Astrophytum myriostigma</a></i> (bishop's hat cactus). In the previous example, <i>glabrum</i> is the infraspecific epithet. </p><p>Names below the rank of species of cultivated kinds of plants and of animals are regulated by different codes of nomenclature and are formed somewhat differently.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction_of_infraspecific_names">Construction of infraspecific names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infraspecific_name&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Construction of infraspecific names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Article 24 of the ICN describes how infraspecific names are constructed.<sup id="cite_ref-icb24_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icb24-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The order of the three parts of an infraspecific name is: </p> <dl><dd>genus name, specific epithet, connecting term indicating the rank (not part of the name, but required), infraspecific epithet.</dd></dl> <p>It is customary to italicize all three parts of such a name, but not the connecting term.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <ul><li><i>Acanthocalycium klimpelianum</i> var. <i>macranthum</i></li></ul> <dl><dd>genus name = <i>Acanthocalycium</i>, specific epithet = <i>klimpelianum</i>, connecting term = var. (short for "varietas" or <a href="/wiki/Variety_(botany)" title="Variety (botany)">variety</a>), infraspecific epithet = <i>macranthum</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i>Astrophytum myriostigma</i> subvar. <i>glabrum</i></li></ul> <dl><dd>genus name = <i>Astrophytum</i>, specific epithet = <i>myriostigma</i>, connecting term = subvar. (short for "subvarietas" or subvariety), infraspecific epithet = <i>glabrum</i></dd></dl> <p>The recommended abbreviations for ranks below species are:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">subspecies</a> - recommended abbreviation: subsp. (but "ssp." is also in use although not recognised by Art 26)</li> <li>varietas (<a href="/wiki/Variety_(botany)" title="Variety (botany)">variety</a>) - recommended abbreviation: var.</li> <li>subvarietas (<a href="/wiki/Subvariety_(botany)" title="Subvariety (botany)">subvariety</a>) - recommended abbreviation: subvar.</li> <li>forma (<a href="/wiki/Form_(botany)" title="Form (botany)">form</a>) - recommended abbreviation: f.</li> <li>subforma (subform) - recommended abbreviation: subf.</li></ul> <p>Although the connecting terms mentioned above are the recommended ones, the ICN allows for other connecting terms in validly published infraspecific taxa. It specifically mentions that Greek letters α, β, γ, etc. can be used in this way in the original document<sup id="cite_ref-icn32.1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icn32.1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and further ranks may be added without limit.<sup id="cite_ref-icn4.3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icn4.3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Names that use these connecting terms are now deprecated (though still legal), but they have an importance because they can be <a href="/wiki/Basionym" title="Basionym">basionyms</a> of current species. The commonest cases use "β" and "b"; examples mentioned in the ICN are <i>Cynoglossum cheirifolium</i> β Anchusa (<i>lanata</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-icn24.4_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icn24.4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Polyporus fomentarius</i> β <i>applanatus</i><sup id="cite_ref-B.a._8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B.a.-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whilst other examples (coming from the fungus database <a href="/wiki/Index_Fungorum" title="Index Fungorum">Index Fungorum</a>) are <i>Agaricus plexipes</i> b <i>fuliginaria</i><sup id="cite_ref-IF1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IF1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Peziza capula</i> ß <i>cernua</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-IF2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IF2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ICN allows the possibility that a <a href="/wiki/Validly_published_name" title="Validly published name">validly published name</a> could have no defined rank and uses "[unranked]" as the connecting term in such cases.<sup id="cite_ref-P.f._11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-P.f.-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Abbreviation_of_infraspecific_names">Abbreviation of infraspecific names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infraspecific_name&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Abbreviation of infraspecific names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like specific epithets, infraspecific epithets cannot be used in isolation as names.<sup id="cite_ref-icbn241_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icbn241-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus the name of a particular species of <i><a href="/wiki/Acanthocalycium" title="Acanthocalycium">Acanthocalycium</a></i> is <i><a href="/wiki/Acanthocalycium_klimpelianum" title="Acanthocalycium klimpelianum">Acanthocalycium klimpelianum</a></i>, which can be abbreviated to <i>A. klimpelianum</i> where the context makes the genus clear. The species cannot be referred to as just <i>klimpelianum</i>. In the same way, the name of a particular variety of <i>Acanthocalycium klimpelianum</i> is <i>Acanthocalycium klimpelianum</i> var. <i>macranthum</i>, which can be abbreviated to <i>A. k.</i> var. <i>macranthum</i> where the context makes the species clear. The variety cannot be referred to as just <i>macranthum</i>. </p><p>Sometimes more than three parts will be given; strictly speaking, this is not a name, but a <a href="/wiki/Scientific_classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific classification">classification</a>. The ICN gives the example of <i>Saxifraga aizoon</i> var. <i>aizoon</i> subvar. <i>brevifolia</i> f. <i>multicaulis</i> subf. <i>surculosa</i>; the name of the subform would be <i>Saxifraga aizoon</i> subf. <i>surculosa</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legitimate_infraspecific_names">Legitimate infraspecific names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infraspecific_name&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legitimate infraspecific names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For a proposed infraspecific name to be legitimate it must be in accordance with all the rules of the ICN.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only some of the main points are described here. </p><p>A key concept in botanical names is that of a <a href="/wiki/Type_(biology)" title="Type (biology)">type</a>. In many cases the type will be a particular preserved specimen stored in a <a href="/wiki/Herbarium" title="Herbarium">herbarium</a>, although there are other kinds of type. Like other names, an infraspecific name is attached to a type. Whether a plant should be given a particular infraspecific name can then be decided by comparing it to the type.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is no requirement for a species to be divided into infraspecific taxa, of whatever rank; in other words, a species does not have to have subspecies, varieties, forms, etc. However, if infraspecific ranks are created, then the name of the type of the species must repeat the specific epithet as its infraspecific epithet. The type acquires this name automatically as soon as any infraspecific rank is created.<sup id="cite_ref-icbn26_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icbn26-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an example, consider <i><a href="/wiki/Poa_secunda" title="Poa secunda">Poa secunda</a></i> <small>J.Presl</small>, whose type specimen is in the Wisconsin State Herbarium.<sup id="cite_ref-wsh_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsh-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>As soon as a subspecies of <i>Poa secunda</i> was created, then the type specimen of <i>P. secunda</i> immediately became the type specimen of <i>Poa secunda</i> subsp. <i>secunda</i>. The name "<i>Poa secunda</i> subsp. <i>secunda</i>" was automatically created (it is an "autonym"). Soreng created the subspecies <i>Poa secunda</i> subsp. <i>juncifolia</i> (whose type specimen is also in the Wisconsin State Herbarium),<sup id="cite_ref-wsh_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsh-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thereby making the type specimen of <i>P. secunda</i> also the type specimen of <i>Poa secunda</i> subsp. <i>secunda</i>.</li> <li>If in addition to the subspecies any variety of <i>Poa secunda</i> were to be created, then the type specimen of <i>P. secunda</i> would automatically become the type specimen of <i>Poa secunda</i> var. <i>secunda</i>. The type specimen would then have the classification <i>Poa secunda</i> subsp. <i>secunda</i> var. <i>secunda</i>.</li></ul> <p>The same epithet can be used again within a species, at whatever level, only if the names with the re-used epithet are attached to the same type.<sup id="cite_ref-icbn26_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icbn26-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus there can be a form called <i>Poa secunda</i> f. <i>juncifolia</i> as well as the subspecies <i>Poa secunda</i> subsp. <i>juncifolia</i> if, and only if, the type specimen of <i>Poa secunda</i> f. <i>juncifolia</i> is the same as the type specimen of <i>Poa secunda</i> subsp. <i>juncifolia</i> (in other words, if there is a single type specimen whose classification is <i>Poa secunda</i> subsp. <i>juncifolia</i> f. <i>juncifolia</i>). </p><p>If two infraspecific taxa which have different types are accidentally given the same epithet, then a <a href="/wiki/Homonym_(biology)" title="Homonym (biology)">homonym</a> has been created. The earliest published name is the legitimate one and the other must be changed.<sup id="cite_ref-icbn53_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icbn53-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifying_authors">Specifying authors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infraspecific_name&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Specifying authors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When indicating authors for infraspecific names, it is possible to show either just the author(s) of the final, infraspecific epithet, or the authors of both the specific and the infraspecific epithets.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Examples: </p> <ul><li><i>Adenia aculeata</i> subsp. <i>inermis</i> de Wilde <ul><li>This identifies de Wilde as the author who published this name for the subspecies (i.e. who created the epithet <i>inermis</i>). Note that here it was decided not to indicate authority for the species.</li></ul></li> <li><i>Pinus nigra</i> J.F.Arnold subsp. <i>salzmannii</i> (Dunal) Franco <ul><li>Here, J.F.Arnold is the author who gave the species, <a href="/wiki/European_black_pine" class="mw-redirect" title="European black pine">European black pine</a>, its botanical name <i>Pinus nigra</i>; Dunal is the author who was the first to publish the epithet <i>salzmanii</i> for this taxon (as the species <i>Pinus salzmanii</i>); Franco is the author who reduced the taxon to a subspecies of <i>Pinus nigra</i>.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Difference_from_zoological_nomenclature">Difference from zoological nomenclature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infraspecific_name&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Difference from zoological nomenclature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature">zoological nomenclature</a>, names of taxa below species rank are formed somewhat differently, using a <a href="/wiki/Trinomen" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinomen">trinomen</a> or 'trinomial name'. No connecting term is required as there is only one rank below species, the <a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">subspecies</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Difference_from_prokaryotic_nomenclature">Difference from prokaryotic nomenclature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infraspecific_name&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Difference from prokaryotic nomenclature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Prokaryotic_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Prokaryotic Code">Prokaryotic Code</a></i> was split from the ICN in 1975. This nomenclature only governs one infraspecific rank, the subspecies, but allows a number of <i>infrasubspecific subdivisions</i> to be used. The authorship is to be specified in the form "<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> subsp. <i>spizizenii</i> Nakamura <i>et al.</i> 1999.", i.e. with only the infraspecific author.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: Rules 13–4, Appendix 10">: Rules 13–4, Appendix 10 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultivated_plants">Cultivated plants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infraspecific_name&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cultivated plants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>ICN</i> does not regulate the names of cultivated plants, of <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a>, i.e. plants specifically created for use in agriculture or horticulture. Such names are regulated by the <i><a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_Cultivated_Plants" title="International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants">International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants</a></i> (ICNCP). </p><p>Although logically below the rank of species (and hence "infraspecific"), a <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivar</a> name may be attached to any scientific name at the genus level or below. The minimum requirement is to specify a genus name.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, <i>Achillea</i> 'Cerise Queen' is a cultivar; <i>Pinus nigra</i> 'Arnold Sentinel' is a cultivar of the species <i>P. nigra</i> (which is propagated vegetatively, by <a href="/wiki/Cloning" title="Cloning">cloning</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infraspecific_name&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature">International Code of Zoological Nomenclature</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_Cultivated_Plants" title="International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants">International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">Cultivar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strain_(biology)" title="Strain (biology)">Strain (biology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_(biology)" title="Race (biology)">Race (biology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variant_(biology)" title="Variant (biology)">Variant (biology)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forma_specialis" title="Forma specialis">Forma specialis</a></i>, an informal naming system for parasites that is included in the botanical code of nomenclature</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathovar" title="Pathovar">Pathovar</a>, a system for naming parasitic bacteria</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infraspecific_name&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-icb-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-icb_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurland2017">Turland 2017</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-icb24-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-icb24_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-icb24_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurland2017">Turland 2017</a>, Art. 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the examples in <a href="#CITEREFTurland2017">Turland 2017</a>, Art. 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurland2017">Turland 2017</a>, Art. 4; abbreviations from Recommendation 5A</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-icn32.1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-icn32.1_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurland2017">Turland 2017</a>, Note 1 to Art. 32.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-icn4.3-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-icn4.3_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurland2017">Turland 2017</a>, Art. 4.3 and Art. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-icn24.4-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-icn24.4_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurland2017">Turland 2017</a>, Art. 24.4 Ex. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-B.a.-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-B.a._8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurland2017">Turland 2017</a>, entry <i>Boletus applanatus</i> of Appendix III</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IF1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IF1_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=481709">"<i>Agaricus plexipes</i> b <i>fuliginaria</i> page"</a>. <i>Species Fungorum</i>. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Species+Fungorum&rft.atitle=Agaricus+plexipes+b+fuliginaria+page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indexfungorum.org%2FNames%2FNamesRecord.asp%3FRecordID%3D481709&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfraspecific+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IF2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IF2_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=462593">"<i>Peziza capula</i> ß <i>cernua</i> page"</a>. <i>Species Fungorum</i>. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Species+Fungorum&rft.atitle=Peziza+capula+%C3%9F+cernua+page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indexfungorum.org%2FNames%2FNamesRecord.asp%3FRecordID%3D462593&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfraspecific+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-P.f.-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-P.f._11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurland2017">Turland 2017</a>, for instance <i>Agaricus compactus</i> [unranked] <i>sarcocephalus</i> in Art. 50E.Ex 7, or <i>Geranium andicola</i> [unranked] <i>longipedicellatum</i> in Art. 37.3.Ex. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-icbn241-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-icbn241_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurland2017">Turland 2017</a>, Art. 24.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurland2017">Turland 2017</a>, Art. 24.1, Ex. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurland2017">Turland 2017</a>, Appendix I Glossary of terms used and defined in this Code, entry for "legitimate name"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurland2017">Turland 2017</a>, Art. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-icbn26-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-icbn26_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-icbn26_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurland2017">Turland 2017</a>, Art. 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wsh-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wsh_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wsh_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.botany.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/searchspecimen.cgi?typeSpecimen=1"><i>Wisconsin Botanical Information System: Type Specimens</i></a>, Wisconsin State Herbarium, University of Wisconsin<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-06-01</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wisconsin+Botanical+Information+System%3A+Type+Specimens&rft.pub=Wisconsin+State+Herbarium%2C+University+of+Wisconsin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.botany.wisc.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsearchspecimen.cgi%3FtypeSpecimen%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfraspecific+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-icbn53-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-icbn53_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTurland2017">Turland 2017</a>, Art. 53.3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrenArahalGökerMoore2023" class="citation journal cs1">Oren, Aharon; Arahal, David R.; Göker, Markus; Moore, Edward R. B.; Rossello-Mora, Ramon; Sutcliffe, Iain C. (1 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1099%2Fijsem.0.005585">"International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes. Prokaryotic Code (2022 Revision)"</a>. <i>International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology</i>. <b>73</b> (5a). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1099%2Fijsem.0.005585">10.1099/ijsem.0.005585</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10261%2F338243">10261/338243</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=International+Code+of+Nomenclature+of+Prokaryotes.+Prokaryotic+Code+%282022+Revision%29&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=5a&rft.date=2023-05-01&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10261%2F338243&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1099%2Fijsem.0.005585&rft.aulast=Oren&rft.aufirst=Aharon&rft.au=Arahal%2C+David+R.&rft.au=G%C3%B6ker%2C+Markus&rft.au=Moore%2C+Edward+R.+B.&rft.au=Rossello-Mora%2C+Ramon&rft.au=Sutcliffe%2C+Iain+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1099%252Fijsem.0.005585&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfraspecific+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrickell,_C.D.Alexander,_C.David,_J.C.Hetterscheid,_W.L.A.2009" class="citation book cs1">Brickell, C.D.; Alexander, C.; David, J.C.; Hetterscheid, W.L.A.; Leslie, A.C.; Malecot, V.; Jin, X.; Editorial committee; Cubey, J.J. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.actahort.org/chronica/pdf/sh_10.pdf"><i>International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP or Cultivated Plant Code) incorporating the Rules and Recommendations for naming plants in cultivation, Eighth Edition, Adopted by the International Union of Biological Sciences International Commission for the Nomenclature of Cultivated Plants</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. International Association for Plant Taxonomy and International Society for Horticultural Science.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Code+of+Nomenclature+for+Cultivated+Plants+%28ICNCP+or+Cultivated+Plant+Code%29+incorporating+the+Rules+and+Recommendations+for+naming+plants+in+cultivation%2C+Eighth+Edition%2C+Adopted+by+the+International+Union+of+Biological+Sciences+International+Commission+for+the+Nomenclature+of+Cultivated+Plants&rft.pub=International+Association+for+Plant+Taxonomy+and+International+Society+for+Horticultural+Science&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Brickell%2C+C.D.&rft.au=Alexander%2C+C.&rft.au=David%2C+J.C.&rft.au=Hetterscheid%2C+W.L.A.&rft.au=Leslie%2C+A.C.&rft.au=Malecot%2C+V.&rft.au=Jin%2C+X.&rft.au=Editorial+committee&rft.au=Cubey%2C+J.J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.actahort.org%2Fchronica%2Fpdf%2Fsh_10.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfraspecific+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infraspecific_name&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurland2017" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-long-vol">Turland, N.J.; et al., eds. (2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php"><i>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017</i></a>, vol. Regnum Vegetabile 154 (electronic ed.), Glashütten: International Association for Plant Taxonomy<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-21</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Code+of+Nomenclature+for+algae%2C+fungi%2C+and+plants+%28Shenzhen+Code%29+adopted+by+the+Nineteenth+International+Botanical+Congress+Shenzhen%2C+China%2C+July+2017&rft.place=Glash%C3%BCtten&rft.edition=electronic&rft.pub=International+Association+for+Plant+Taxonomy&rft.date=2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iapt-taxon.org%2Fnomen%2Fmain.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfraspecific+name" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomic_ranks" title="Template:Taxonomic ranks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Taxonomic_ranks" title="Template talk:Taxonomic ranks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Taxonomic_ranks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Taxonomic ranks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Taxonomic_ranks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomic_rank" title="Taxonomic rank">Taxonomic ranks</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height: 1.75;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table role="presentation" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align: top;"> <td style="width: 11%;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Realm_(virology)" title="Realm (virology)">Realm (<abbr title="virology">vir.</abbr>)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Realm_(virology)" title="Realm (virology)">Subrealm (<abbr title="virology">vir.</abbr>)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain_(biology)" title="Domain (biology)"><strong>Domain</strong>/Superkingdom</a></li> <li><strong><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)" title="Kingdom (biology)">Kingdom</a></strong></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)" title="Kingdom (biology)">Subkingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)" title="Kingdom (biology)">Infrakingdom/Branch</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="padding-top: 1.75em; width: 11%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phylum" title="Phylum">Superphylum</a>/<i><a href="/wiki/Division_(taxonomy)" title="Division (taxonomy)">Superdivision (<abbr title="botany">bot.</abbr>)</a></i></li> <li><strong><a href="/wiki/Phylum" title="Phylum">Phylum</a></strong>/<strong><i><a href="/wiki/Division_(taxonomy)" title="Division (taxonomy)">Division (<abbr title="botany">bot.</abbr>)</a></i></strong></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subphylum" title="Subphylum">Subphylum</a>/<a href="/wiki/Division_(taxonomy)" title="Division (taxonomy)">Subdivision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subphylum" title="Subphylum">Infraphylum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subphylum" title="Subphylum">Microphylum</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="padding-top: 1.75em; width: 11%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Class_(biology)" title="Class (biology)">Superclass</a></li> <li><strong><a href="/wiki/Class_(biology)" title="Class (biology)">Class</a></strong></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_(biology)" title="Class (biology)">Subclass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_(biology)" title="Class (biology)">Infraclass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_(biology)" title="Class (biology)">Subterclass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_(biology)" title="Class (biology)">Parvclass</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="padding-top: 3.5em; width: 11%;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Division_(taxonomy)" title="Division (taxonomy)">Division (<abbr title="zoology">zoo.</abbr>)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_(taxonomy)" title="Legion (taxonomy)">Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cohort_(taxonomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cohort (taxonomy)">Cohort</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="width: 11%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">Magnorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">Superorder</a></li> <li><strong><a href="/wiki/Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">Order</a></strong></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">Suborder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">Infraorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">Parvorder</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="width: 11%;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Section_(biology)" title="Section (biology)">Section (<abbr title="zoology">zoo.</abbr>)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superfamily_(taxonomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Superfamily (taxonomy)">Superfamily</a></li> <li><strong><a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">Family</a></strong></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subfamily" title="Subfamily">Subfamily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">Infrafamily</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="padding-top: 1.75em; width: 11%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_(biology)" title="Tribe (biology)">Supertribe</a></li> <li><strong><a href="/wiki/Tribe_(biology)" title="Tribe (biology)">Tribe</a></strong></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subtribe" title="Subtribe">Subtribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_(biology)" title="Tribe (biology)">Infratribe</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="padding-top: 3.5em; width: 11%;"> <ul><li><strong><a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">Genus</a></strong></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subgenus" title="Subgenus">Subgenus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Section_(botany)" title="Section (botany)">Section (<abbr title="botany">bot.</abbr>)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Series_(botany)" title="Series (botany)">Series (<abbr title="botany">bot.</abbr>)</a></i></li></ul> </td> <td style="padding-top: 1.75em; width: 11%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Species_complex" title="Species complex">Species complex</a></li> <li><strong><a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">Species</a></strong></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">Subspecies</a></li> 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