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Rowny |nickname= |birth_date= {{birth date|1917|04|03}} |birth_place= [[Baltimore, Maryland]] |death_date= {{death date and age|2017|12|17|1917|4|3}} |death_place= [[Washington, D.C.]] |placeofburial= [[Arlington National Cemetery]] |allegiance= United States |branch= [[United States Army]] |serviceyears= 1941–1979 |rank= [[Lieutenant general (United States)|Lieutenant General]] |servicenumber= |unit= |commands= [[I Corps (United States)|I Corps]]<br/>[[24th Infantry Division (United States)|24th Mechanized Infantry Division]]<br/>[[38th Infantry Regiment (United States)|38th Infantry Regiment]]<br/>317th Engineer Combat Battalion |battles= [[World War II]]<br/>[[Korean War]]<br/>[[Vietnam War]] |awards= [[Army Distinguished Service Medal]] (2)<br/>[[Silver Star]] (3)<br/>[[Legion of Merit]] (3)<br/>[[Bronze Star Medal]] (2)<br/>[[Air Medal]]<br/>[[Order of Polonia Restituta|Commander of the Order of Polonia Restituta]] (Poland) |relations= |laterwork= }} '''Edward Leon Rowny''' (April 3, 1917 – December 17, 2017) was a [[United States Army]] [[Lieutenant general (United States)|lieutenant general]] of Polish extraction. He was a commanding officer in [[World War II]] and [[Korean War|Korea]], a military advisor to five United States presidents and a negotiator on the [[START I|Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty]]. ==Early life and family== Edward L. Rowny was born in [[Baltimore, Maryland]], on April 3, 1917.<ref name=APAC>{{cite web|url=http://apacouncil.info/edward-rowny-bio.php|title=American Polish Advisory Council – Gen. Edward L. Rowny|website=apacouncil.info|access-date=12 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304185617/http://apacouncil.info/edward-rowny-bio.php|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> His father, Gracyan Jan "John" Rowny, who worked as a carpenter and as a contractor,<ref name="NYT"/> emigrated in 1912 at age 19 from the village of [[Nagoszewo]] in the [[Mazovia]] region of eastern [[Poland]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Alvarez|first1=Rafael|title=Rowny dies at 97, builder shaped face of city|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/1991/09/08/g-j-rowny-dies-at-97-builder-shaped-face-of-city/|access-date=June 10, 2017|work=The Baltimore Sun|date=September 8, 1991|language=en}}</ref> His mother, Mary Ann Radziszewski,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.paderewskirowny.com/gen_rowny.html|title=Edward L. Rowny}}</ref> was born in the United States, her parents having come from Poland in 1887. They married in 1916. From age 6 to 16, Rowny was raised by his maternal grandmother, Adamina Radziszewski, who was well-educated and spoke five languages fluently. She steeped Edward in knowledge of Polish history and culture particularly about [[Tadeusz Kościuszko|Thaddeus Kosciuszko]] and [[Casimir Pulaski]], Polish officers who fought in the American Revolution. She introduced him to the music and career of [[Ignacy Jan Paderewski]], the famous Polish composer, pianist and statesman.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Cissowski|first1=Adam|title=Amerykanin, ale w sercu Polak. Generał, który uchronił świat od zagłady|url=http://www.tvp.info/29156533/amerykanin-ale-w-sercu-polak-general-ktory-uchronil-swiat-od-zaglady|access-date=June 10, 2017|publisher=Telewizja Polska|date=25 February 2017|language=pl}}</ref> Rowny graduated from the [[Baltimore Polytechnic Institute]], an engineering high school, in 1933. During college, as a Polish American, he chose to pursue a trip through the Kosciusko Scholarship to explore Polish culture and history in [[Kraków]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cosmopolitanreview.com/general-rowny/|title=A Great American with a Polish Heart: General Edward L. Rowny|publisher=Cosmopolitan Review}}</ref> Rowny earned a [[Bachelor of Science]] from [[Johns Hopkins University]] in [[Engineering]], and held degrees from [[United States Military Academy|West Point]], [[Yale University|Yale]] ([[master's degree|MAs]] in Engineering and [[International education|International Affairs]]) and [[American University]] ([[Doctor of Philosophy]] in [[International education|International Studies]]). ==Military career== Rowny commanded troops in [[World War II]], [[Korean War|Korea]] and [[Vietnam War|Vietnam]]. After the [[92nd Infantry Division (United States)|92nd Infantry Division]] suffered heavy casualties in the invasion of Italy in 1944, Rowny was brought in as a [[battalion]] commander that drove the Germans up the Western coast of Italy until the end of the war. A day after the end of World War II in Europe, he was assigned to planning the invasion of Japan. Assigned to General [[Douglas MacArthur]], Rowny became MacArthur's spokesman and one of the planners of the [[Battle of Inchon|landing of Inchon]] (September 15, 1950), which forced a North Korean retreat and enabled the taking of Seoul. Rowny air dropped a bridge to cross a chasm permitting the rescue of the surrounded Marines and Army troops at the Chosin Reservoir. He was in charge of the evacuation of United States troops which rescued one hundred thousand North Koreans who wished to join South Korea. In 1965/66, Rowny commanded the [[24th Infantry Division (United States)|24th Mechanized Infantry Division]] in [[Augsburg]], [[West Germany]]. During the Vietnam War, Rowny tested the helicopter as a platform for the Army to fight insurgency. Subsequently, as deputy chief to General [[Andrew P. O'Meara]] he was in charge of relocation of [[NATO]] troops from France. In 1971 Rowny was appointed the US representative to [[Strategic Arms Limitation Talks]] (SALT) and held this post under three presidents: [[Richard Nixon|Nixon]], [[Gerald Ford|Ford]] and [[Jimmy Carter|Carter]]. He also served as the NATO Deputy Chairman of the Military Committee from 1971 to 1973.<ref>https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/who_is_who_139939.htm, ''Deputy Chairmen of the NATO Military Committee'', Jan 10, 2017, retrieved Feb 20, 2018.</ref> In June, 1979 he retired from the Army in protest over President Carter's signing of the SALT II Treaty which he believed would undermine United States security. He subsequently led the fight to prevent the Congress from ratifying the SALT II Treaty. After the election of President [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]], General Rowny was appointed to the rank of Ambassador as the President's chief negotiator on Strategic Nuclear Arms ([[START I|START]]). During his second term, President Reagan appointed Rowny his Special Advisor on Arms Control. He was awarded the [[Presidential Citizen Medal]]<ref name=APAC/> with the citation: "Rowny was one of the chief architects of peace through strength", Rowny continued as President [[George H. W. Bush|George H.W. Bush's]] special advisor for arms control for the first two years of his term. ==Later life== In 1990, Rowny retired from the Government after fifty years of Government service to become an international consultant on negotiations. He also began advising the Administration and Congress on National Security matters and combating terrorism which he continued to do until his death in late 2017. In 1992 he authored ''It Takes One to Tango'', a memoir of his service to five presidents and his dealings with the Soviets. In 1992, Rowny fulfilled his fifty-year ambition to return the remains of Ignacy Jan Paderewski to Poland. Paderewski was not only a famous composer and pianist but an eminent statesman. He inspired the 13th of President Wilson's 14 points for the Versailles Treaty which resurrected a free and democratic Poland. Paderewski became Poland's first Prime Minister a post he held from 1918 to 1921. In 2003, Ambassador Rowny became the Vice President of the American Polish Advisory Council (APAC) an organization which promotes Polonia's Agenda and encourages them to vote and become government officials. When President Nicholas Rey died in 2007 Rowny became President of APAC an office he held until his death. In 2004, Rowny established the Paderewski Scholarship Fund to bring Polish University students to [[Georgetown University]] to study American style democracy. In 2005, the 25th anniversary of [[Solidarity (Polish trade union)|Solidarity]], he received the [[Truman-Reagan Medal of Freedom]] from the [[Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation]], along with [[John Paul II]], [[Anna Walentynowicz]] and the ten million unsung heroes of first free trade union, Solidarity. In 2007, Rowny received the [[Walter Judd (politician)|Walter Judd]] Freedom Award from [[The Fund for American Studies]]. In October 2013, Rowny's autobiography ''Smokey Joe and the General'' was released and among the achievements cited in it that he designed and dropped the bridge to get soldiers and Marines out of Chosin Reservoir.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/18733748-smokey-joe-the-general | title=Smokey Joe & the General}}</ref> In May 2014, Rowny was awarded a Doctorate of Laws, Honoris Causa from [[The Institute of World Politics]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g3Xx3tmBp2w |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211214/g3Xx3tmBp2w |archive-date=2021-12-14 |url-status=live| title=General ed Rowny receives honorary degree at IWP Commencement|website=[[YouTube]] }}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.iwp.edu/news_publications/detail/congratulations-to-the-class-of-2014 | title=Congratulations to the Class of 2014!| date=19 May 2014}}</ref> South Korea Prime Minister Chung Hong-won, in a commemorative ceremony in Seoul on July 27, 2014, awarded Rowny the Order of Military Merit, Taeguk, South Korea's highest military award.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.posteaglenewspaper.com/republic-of-south-korea-awards-four-u-s-veterans-its-nations-highest-military-award/ | title=Republic of South Korea Awards Four U.S. Veterans its Nation's Highest Military Award: The Order of Military Merit, Taeguk &#124; Post Eagle Newspaper}}</ref> ==Personal life== Rowny married Elizabeth Ladd in 1994 and was the father of five children with his former wife, Mary Rita Leyko, who died in 1988. Rowny [[centenarian|turned 100]] in April 2017. [[Mateusz Morawiecki]], Deputy Prime Minister of Poland, came to Rowny's home to congratulate him in person.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dziennikzwiazkowy.com/news-in-english/the-100th-birthday-of-general-edward-l-rowny/|title=The 100th Birthday of General Edward L. Rowny|publisher=[[Dziennik Związkowy (Polish Daily News)|Polish Daily News]]|author=Staff|date=2017-04-03|access-date=2017-04-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Edward Równy – człowiek, który wpłynął na strategię USA|url=http://niezalezna.pl/96624-edward-rowny-czlowiek-ktory-wplynal-na-strategie-usa|access-date=June 10, 2017|work=Niezalezna.pl|date=April 5, 2017|language=pl}}</ref> On June 9, 2017, the 100-year-old Rowny attended the funeral for Polish-American statesman [[Zbigniew Brzezinski]] at the [[Cathedral of St. Matthew the Apostle (Washington, D.C.)|Cathedral of St. Matthew]] in [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Flegenheimer|first1=Matt|title=Washington Remembers Brzezinski, and a Very Different Era|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/09/us/politics/zbigniew-brzezinski-funeral.html|access-date=June 9, 2017|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 9, 2017}}</ref> ==Death== Rowny died from [[cardiomyopathy]] on December 17, 2017, at the age of 100.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tfas.org/news/tfas-mourns-loss-general-edward-l-rowny-patriot-friend-tfas/|title=TFAS Mourns the Loss of General Edward L. Rowny, Patriot and Friend to TFAS|author=|date=18 December 2017|website=tfas.org|access-date=12 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.stripes.com/news/us/lt-gen-edward-rowny-hard-line-arms-control-adviser-to-five-presidents-dies-at-100-1.502991 | title=Lt. Gen. Edward Rowny, hard-line arms control adviser to five presidents, dies at 100}}</ref><ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/21/obituaries/edward-rowny-outspoken-treaty-negotiator-dies-at-100.html|title=Edward Rowny, Outspoken Treaty Negotiator, Dies at 100|date=21 December 2017|author=Genzlinger, Neil|newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery on June 13, 2018. ==Awards and decorations== {| |[[File:Combat Infantry Badge.svg|120px]] |[[Combat Infantryman Badge]] |- |[[File:United States Air Force Parachutist Badge.svg|80px]] |[[Parachutist Badge (United States)|Basic Parachutist Badge]] |- |[[File:Office of the Secretary of Defense Identification Badge.png|100px]] |[[Office of the Secretary of Defense Identification Badge]] |} {| |{{Ribbon devices|number=1|type=oak|ribbon=Distinguished Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}} |[[Army Distinguished Service Medal]] with one bronze [[oak leaf cluster]] |- |{{Ribbon devices|number=2|type=oak|ribbon=Silver Star ribbon.svg|width=106}} |[[Silver Star]] with two bronze oak leaf clusters<ref name=APAC/> |- |{{Ribbon devices|number=2|type=oak|ribbon=Us legion of merit legionnaire rib.png|width=106}} |[[Legion of Merit]] with two bronze oak leaf clusters<ref name=APAC/> |- |{{Ribbon devices|number=1|type=oak|ribbon=Bronze Star ribbon.svg|width=106}} |[[Bronze Star Medal]] with one oak leaf cluster |- |[[File:Air Medal ribbon.svg|106px]] |[[Air Medal]] |- |[[File:Presidential Citizens Medal ribbon -vector.svg|106px]] |[[Presidential Citizens Medal]] |- |[[File:American Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg|106px]] |[[American Defense Service Medal]] |- |[[File:American Campaign Medal ribbon.svg|106px]] |[[American Campaign Medal]] |- |[[File:European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign ribbon.svg|106px]] |[[European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal]] |- |[[File:World War II Victory Medal ribbon.svg|106px]] |[[World War II Victory Medal]] |- |[[File:Army of Occupation ribbon.svg|106px]] |[[Army of Occupation Medal]] |- |{{Ribbon devices|number=1|type=service-star|ribbon=National Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}} |[[National Defense Service Medal]] with one bronze service star |- |{{Ribbon devices|number=3|type=service-star|ribbon=Korean_Service_Medal_-_Ribbon.svg|width=106}} |[[Korean Service Medal]] with three campaign stars |- |[[File:Armed Forces Expedtionary Medal ribbon.svg|106px]] |[[Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal]] |- |{{Ribbon devices|number=1|type=service-star|ribbon=Vietnam Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}} |[[Vietnam Service Medal]] with campaign star |- |[[File:POL Polonia Restituta Komandorski BAR.svg|106px]] |[[Order of Polonia Restituta|Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta]] |- |[[File:Taeguk Cordon Medal.png|106px]] |[[Order of Military Merit (South Korea)]], 1st Class (2014) |- |[[File:United Nations Service Medal Korea ribbon.svg|106px]] |[[United Nations Korea Medal]] |- |[[File:United Nations Medal ribbon.svg|106px]] |[[United Nations Medal]] |- |[[File:Vietnam Campaign Medal ribbon with 60- clasp.svg|106px]] |[[Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal]] |} * [[Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation|Truman-Reagan Medal of Freedom]], Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation (2005) * [[The Fund for American Studies|Walter Judd Freedom Award]] (2007) ==References== {{reflist}} ==Bibliography== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304185617/http://apacouncil.info/edward-rowny-bio.php American Polish Advisory Council – Gen. Edward L. Rowny] ==External links== {{commons category}} *[http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/V_4B0266715BBE4B57BA9084F74FBDD9E7 Interview about the SALT I negotiations] for the WGBH series, ''War and Peace in the Nuclear Age'' *{{C-SPAN|1403}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rowny, Edward}} [[Category:1917 births]] [[Category:2017 deaths]] [[Category:American people of Polish descent]] [[Category:American University School of International Service alumni]] [[Category:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery]] [[Category:Commanders of the Order of Polonia Restituta]] [[Category:Johns Hopkins University alumni]] [[Category:Military personnel from Baltimore]] [[Category:American men centenarians]] [[Category:Presidential Citizens Medal recipients]] [[Category:Recipients of the Air Medal]] [[Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)]] [[Category:Recipients of the Legion of Merit]] [[Category:Recipients of the Silver Star]] [[Category:United States Army generals]] 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