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Diskriminasyon Baze sou Andikap Ak Desizyon nan Travay | U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
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Farsi)</a></li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item usa-language__item"><a class="usa-language__link" href="/ps/sndwnh-ph-pstw-zhbh">پښتو (Pashto)</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </header> <main class="usa-section" id="main-content" role="main" > <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-row "> <section class="grid-col usa-layout-docs__main"> <div class="region region-breadcrumb"> <div id="block-eeoc-uswds-breadcrumbs" class="margin-bottom-2 block block-system block-system-breadcrumb-block"> <div class="grid-row flex-align-center"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-fill"> <h2 id="system-breadcrumb" class="visually-hidden">Breadcrumb</h2> <ol class="add-list-reset uswds-breadcrumbs uswds-horizontal-list"> <li> <a href="/">Home</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ht/enfomasyon-kreyol-ayisyen">Enfòmasyon an kreyòl ayisyen</a> </li> <li> Diskriminasyon Baze sou Andikap Ak Desizyon nan Travay </li> </ol> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-auto margin-top-2 tablet:margin-top-0"> <div class="addtoany grid-row tablet:flex-justify-end"> <div class="block block-addtoany block-addtoany-block"> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.eeoc.gov/ht/diskriminasyon-baze-sou-andikap-ak-desizyon-nan-travay" data-a2a-title="Diskriminasyon Baze sou Andikap Ak Desizyon nan Travay"><a class="a2a_button_print" aria-label="Print"></a><a class="a2a_button_email" aria-label="E-mail"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share" aria-label="Share the content" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eeoc.gov%2Fht%2Fdiskriminasyon-baze-sou-andikap-ak-desizyon-nan-travay&title=Diskriminasyon%20Baze%20sou%20Andikap%20Ak%20Desizyon%20nan%20Travay"></a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="region region-highlighted"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> <div class="region region-content"> <div id="block-eeoc-uswds-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <article about="/ht/diskriminasyon-baze-sou-andikap-ak-desizyon-nan-travay" typeof="schema:WebPage" class="usa-prose page"> <article about="/ht/diskriminasyon-baze-sou-andikap-ak-desizyon-nan-travay" typeof="schema:WebPage" class="usa-prose page"> <h1><span property="schema:name" class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Diskriminasyon Baze sou Andikap Ak Desizyon nan Travay</span> </h1> <span property="schema:name" content="Diskriminasyon Baze sou Andikap Ak Desizyon nan Travay" class="rdf-meta hidden"></span> <section class="layout layout--twocol-66-33"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg usa-in-page-nav-container"> <div class="main-content-2 layout__region layout__region--content tablet:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-4 tablet:margin-bottom-0"> <div class="block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodepagebody"> <div property="schema:text" class="usa-prose margin-top-3 clearfix text-formatted"> <div property="schema:text" class="usa-prose margin-top-3 clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Diskriminasyon andikap fèt lè <a href="https://www.eeoc.gov/employers/coverage-0">yon anplwayè oswa yon lòt antite ki vize</a><u> pa</u> Chapit I nan Lwa sou Ameriken ki gen Andikap (Americans with Disabilities Act, ADA [ki pwoteje anplwaye prive ak fonksyonè Eta a ak fonksyonè lokal yo]) oswa Lwa Reyabilitasyon (ki pwoteje anplwaye federal yo) trete yon anplwaye oswa yon aplikan ki kalifye yon fason ki pa favorab akòz yo gen yon andikap. Lwa sou andikap yo entèdi diskriminasyon nan tout aspè travay tankou anbochaj, revokasyon, salè, aktivite travay, pwomosyon, disponibilite, fòmasyon, benefis sosyal, ak tout lòt kondisyon travay.</p> <h2><a href="https://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc-disability-related-resources/definition-disability-2008-ada-amendments-act-changes"><strong>Definisyon Andikap</strong></a></h2> <p>ADA a mande pou konsevwa definisyon andikap nan yon fason jeneral, an favè yon pwoteksyon elaji, ki rive nan limit maksimòm lalwa otorize a. Malgre sa, se pa tout moun ki gen yon pwoblèm sante ki benefisye pwoteksyon kont diskriminasyon baze sou andikap. Dapre lalwa, yon moun gen yon andikap si moun nan:</p> <ul> <li>Gen yon twoub sante fizik oswa mantal ki limite anpil yon aktivite enpòtan nan lavi (tankou mache, pale, wè, tande, oswa aprann, oswa fonksyonman youn nan gwo fonksyon kò a tankou sèvo, misk ak eskelèt, respirasyon, sikilasyon oswa andokrinyen);</li> <li>Gen yon antesedan andikap;</li> <li>Viktim yon mezi defavorab nan travay akòz yon defisyans fizik oswa mantal ke moun nan genyen vrèman oswa ke yo panse li genyen, eksepte si li pasajè (li dire oswa sipoze dire sis mwa oswa mwens) <em>epi</em> ki pa grav.</li> </ul> <p>Yon twoub medikal pa bezwen dire lontan, pèmanan, oswa grav pou li limite moun anpil. Epitou, si sentòm yo fè ale vini, sa ki enpòtan an se a ki pwen sentòm yo limite moun nan lè yo aktif.</p> <h2><a href="https://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc-disability-related-resources/disabilities-workplace-and-reasonable-accommodation"><strong>Amenajman Rezonab Ak Gwo Difikilte</strong></a></h2> <p>Lè moun k ap postile pou travay oswa anplwaye mande modifikasyon nan travay yo, lwa sou andikap yo egzije anplwayè nan sektè prive, <a href="https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/guidance/policy-guidance-executive-order-13164-establishing-procedures-facilitate-provision">federal</a>, administrasyon Eta ak lokal yo pou yo fè <a href="https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/guidance/enforcement-guidance-reasonable-accommodation-and-undue-hardship-under-ada">amenajman rezonab</a> (chanjman nan fason bagay yo konn fèt) pou anplwaye ak postilan ki genyen oswa te genyen yon defisyans ki limite anpil yon aktivite enpòtan nan lavi, sof si t ap antrene gwo difikilte pou anplwayè a. Yon amenajman rezonab kapab ede yon moun ki gen yon andikap prezante kandidati li pou yon pòs, ranpli fonksyon yon pòs oswa resevwa avantaj ak privilèj travay. </p> <p>Kòm amenajman rezonab posib ou ka jwenn rann espas travay la aksesib pou moun ki itilize chèz woulant, ofri lektè oswa entèprèt pou moun ki avèg oswa ki pa tande byen, fè yon chanjman orè, ofri teletravay, pèmèt konje pou tretman oswa pou sentòm ki gen rapò ak andikap oswa transfè nan pòs ki vid nan ka amenajman rezonab pa posib nan pòs aktyèl la.</p> <p>Yon anplwayè pa oblije fè yon amanajman si l ap antrene gwo difikilte pou biznis la. Gwo difikilte vle di ke amanajman an t ap twò difisil oswa twò chè pou reyalize, lè w pran gwosè konpayi a, resous finansye ansanm ak bezwen biznis la. Men, yon anplwayè pa gen dwa refize fè yon amenajman jis paske sa mande kèk depans. Yon anplwayè pa oblije fè amenajman anplwaye a oswa kandida pou yon pòs vle a depi li fè yon amenajman rezonab ki efikas. Si gen plizyè amenajman ki ka reponn a bezwen ki gen rapò ak andikap la, anplwayè a ka chwazi kiyès li vle fè.</p> <h2><a href="https://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc-disability-related-resources/disability-related-questions-medical-exams-and-confidentiality"><strong>Kesyon ki gen Rapò ak Andikap, Egzamen Medikal ak Konfidansyalite</strong></a></h2> <p><a href="https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/guidance/enforcement-guidance-disability-related-inquiries-and-medical-examinations-employees">Lalwa mete limit sou anplwayè yo</a> parapò a mande kandida pou yon pòs oswa anplwaye pou reponn kesyon ki gen rapò ak andikap, fè egzamen medikal oswa idantifye yon andikap. Enfòmasyon anplwayè ka jwenn sou andikap anplwaye yo dwe rete konfidansyèl.</p> <h3><a href="https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/guidance/enforcement-guidance-preemployment-disability-related-questions-and-medical"><strong>Pandan Faz Kandidati ak Entèvyou Travay</strong></a><strong> </strong></h3> <p>Yon anplwayè pa gen dwa mande yon postilan pou li reponn kesyon ki gen rapò ak andikap tankou si yo genyen yon andikap, oswa mande yo pou yo fè yon egzamen medikal, anvan yo ofri li yon travay. Yon anplwayè gen dwa mande kandida ki poze kandidati yo si yo ka fè travay la epi kijan yo t ap fè travay la, avèk ou san amenajman rezonab.</p> <h3>Apre Yon Òf Travay</h3> <p>Apre postilan an fin resevwa yon òf travay, lalwa pèmèt yon anplwayè pou mete kondisyon pou postilan an reponn kesyon ki gen rapò ak andikap ak/oswa fè yon egzamen medikal avèk siksè sou òf travay la. Men, <u>fòk</u> tout nouvo anplwaye ki nan menm kalite pòs sa a oblije reponn kesyon yo ak/oswa fè egzamen an. Yon anplwayè gen dwa pou li anile òf travay la sèlman si enfòmasyon an revele moun nan pa ka fè travay la san danje (menm avèk amenajman rezonab, si li gen dwa a li).</p> <h3>Apre Travay la Kòmanse</h3> <p>Yon fwa anplwaye a fin jwenn djòb la epi li kòmanse travay, anjeneral, yon anplwayè kapab poze kesyon ki gen rapò ak andikap ak/oswa mande yon egzamen medikal sèlman si anplwayè a bezwen enfòmasyon medikal pou sipòte demann yon anplwaye fè pou yon amenajman oswa si patwon an gen prèv objektif ke yon anplwaye pa kapab fè yon travay byen oswa san okenn danje akòz eta sante li.</p> <h3>Konfidansyalite</h3> <p>Lwa a egzije tou pou anplwayè yo kenbe tout dosye ak enfòmasyon medikal yo konfidansyèl epi nan dosye medikal apa.</p> <h2><a href="/node/25575" title="Pèsekisyon">Pèsekisyon</a></h2> <p>Li ilegal pou Pèsekite yon postilan oswa yon anplwaye akòz yon andikap li genyen kounye a oswa te genyen anvan, yon defisyans fizik oswa mantal ke li genyen vrèman oswa ke yo panse li genyen, ki pa pasajè epi ki pa grav, oswa pou asosyasyon li ak yon moun ki gen yon andikap. Yon remak dezoblijan sou andikap yon moun se Pèsekisyon tou. Pèsekisyon ilegal lè li grav oswa fèt tèlman souvan ke li kreye yon anviwònman travay ostil oswa blesan oswa lè li lakòz desizyon defavorab nan travay (tankou revoke oswa retrograde viktim nan). Pèsekisyon ilegal ka rive lè Moun k ap Pèsekite an se sipèvizè viktim nan, sipèvizè nan yon lòt sèvis, yon kòlèg, oswa yon moun ki pa yon anplwaye anplwayè a, tankou yon kliyan oswa yon konsomatè.</p> <h2>Reprezay ak Enjerans</h2> <p>Gen pwoteksyon kont <a href="https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/guidance/questions-and-answers-enforcement-guidance-retaliation-and-related-issues">reprezay</a> pou postilan, ansyen anplwaye ak anplwaye nan travay ki defann dwa yo dapre ADA oswa nenpòt lòt <a href="https://www.eeoc.gov/statutes/laws-enforced-eeoc">lwa federal sou tretman tout moun egalego nan travay</a>. Denonse oswa egzèse dwa w pa rapò ak diskriminasyon nan travay, sa rele "aktivite pwoteje" epi li ka pran plizyè fòm, tankou al pote plent bay yon sipèvizè pou Pèsekisyon. Pwoteksyon an valab tou pou temwen k ap eseye ede moun ki viktim diskriminasyon an. </p> <p>ADA a entèdi entèferans nan dwa ADA bay chak moun tou. Anplwayè pa gen dwa kraponnen, menase oswa anpeche nan okenn fason pou yon kandida pou yon pòs, yon ansyen anplawye oswa yon anplwaye revandike dwa ADA ba yo. Pa egzanp, li ilegal pou yon anplwayè itilize menas pou dekouraje yon moun pou li pa mande yon amenajman rezonab oswa pou ba li presyon pou li pa pote <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="7f60db97-9d78-4696-b4d9-f21c7997a3da" href="/ht/fason-pou-depoze-yon-diskriminasyon-nan-anplwa" title="plent pou diskriminasyon baze sou andikap">plent pou diskriminasyon baze sou andikap</a>.</p> <h2><a href="https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/guidance/questions-answers-association-provision-ada">Asosyasyon</a></h2> <p>Lwa a bay moun pwoteksyon tou kont diskriminasyon ki baze sou relasyon yo ak yon moun ki gen yon andikap (menm si yo pa gen yon andikap, yo menm). Pa egzanp, li ilegal pou fè diskriminasyon kont yon anplwaye paske mari oswa madanm anplwaye a genyen yon andikap.</p> <p>Malgre lwa anti diskriminasyon federal yo pa egzije pou anplwayè bay anplwaye amenajman rezonab pou okipe manm nan fanmi yo ki gen andikap, Lwa sou Konje Fanmi ak Konje Medikal (Family and Medical Leave Act, FMLA) ka egzije pou yon anplwayè fè demach sa yo. <a href="https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/fmla">Depatman Travay</a> fè respekte FMLA.</p> <h2>Resous ki Disponib</h2> <p>Retounen nan <a href="https://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc-disability-related-resources">Paj Resous Pou Andikap EEOC</a> a.</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p> </p> <div style="margin-left: 50%;"> <ul> <li> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content tablet:grid-col-4"> <div class="language-switcher-language-url block block-language block-language-blocklanguage-content" role="navigation"> <div class="usa-language__switcher usa-accordion"> <h2 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