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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Clapping in Shinto</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%8F%82%E6%8B%9D%E4%BD%9C%E6%B3%95_2016_(28818026392).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="神社の参拝方法についての案内板。日本語と英語。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%E5%8F%82%E6%8B%9D%E4%BD%9C%E6%B3%95_2016_%2828818026392%29.jpg/220px-%E5%8F%82%E6%8B%9D%E4%BD%9C%E6%B3%95_2016_%2828818026392%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%E5%8F%82%E6%8B%9D%E4%BD%9C%E6%B3%95_2016_%2828818026392%29.jpg/330px-%E5%8F%82%E6%8B%9D%E4%BD%9C%E6%B3%95_2016_%2828818026392%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%E5%8F%82%E6%8B%9D%E4%BD%9C%E6%B3%95_2016_%2828818026392%29.jpg/440px-%E5%8F%82%E6%8B%9D%E4%BD%9C%E6%B3%95_2016_%2828818026392%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4973" data-file-height="3320" /></a><figcaption>Worshiping manners, 2016, Nagoya, Japan. The etiquette of <a href="/wiki/Two_bows,_two_claps,_one_bow" class="mw-redirect" title="Two bows, two claps, one bow">Two bows, two claps, one bow</a> is explained in both Japanese and English.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bowing-clapping-bowing.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bowing-clapping-bowing.png/175px-Bowing-clapping-bowing.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="502" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bowing-clapping-bowing.png/262px-Bowing-clapping-bowing.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Bowing-clapping-bowing.png/350px-Bowing-clapping-bowing.png 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="1238" /></a><figcaption>An example of prewar two-beat, one-beat worship. The upper row is the second worship, the middle row is the second clap, and the lower row is the first worship. This is the worship after offering the tamagushi, and the tamagushi can be seen on the table in front. Source: NDLJP:1054789/27.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Hakushu</b> <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">拍手 (神道)</span></span> is a word used to refer to ceremonial clapping in <a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also known as <b>Kashiwade</b>. </p><p>It is a part of the <a href="/wiki/Two_bows,_two_claps,_one_bow" class="mw-redirect" title="Two bows, two claps, one bow">two bows, two claps, one bow</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%A4%BC%E4%BA%8C%E6%8B%8D%E6%89%8B%E4%B8%80%E7%A4%BC" class="extiw" title="ja:二礼二拍手一礼">ja</a>; <a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/two_bows,_two_claps,_one_bow" class="extiw" title="simple:two bows, two claps, one bow">simple</a>]</span> practice done when praying at a shrine in Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ceremonial clapping is quiet and soft.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is considered to have a Buddhist meaning with the right hand meaning Buddha and the left hand meaning all beings so unification of Buddha and all beings.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As <a href="/wiki/Shinbutsu_shugo" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinbutsu shugo">Buddhism and shinto have been together for so long</a> it is unclear which one it originated from.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The practice is present in <a href="/wiki/Aikido" title="Aikido">Aikido</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Bujinkan" title="Bujinkan">Bujinkan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakushu_(Shinto)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hakushu has a long history in Shinto.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Wajinden" title="Wajinden">Wajinden</a> describes the people of the <a href="/wiki/Yayoi_period" title="Yayoi period">Yayoi period</a> as clapping in worship.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some people considered it as Buddhist, with the right hand meaning Buddha and the left hand meaning all beings so unification of Buddha and all beings.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As <a href="/wiki/Shinbutsu_shugo" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinbutsu shugo">Buddhism and shinto have been together for so long</a> it is unclear which one it originated from.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However the origin of the modern "<a href="/wiki/Two_bows,_two_claps,_one_bow" class="mw-redirect" title="Two bows, two claps, one bow">Two bows, two claps, one bow</a>" etiquette can be traced back to the "Shrine Festival" in 1873, where it was written as "revisit applause." Over time, various methods were devised and improved, leading to the creation of the current etiquette. The "Shrine Rituals and Events Etiquette" enacted in the 40th year of the Meiji era defined the etiquette as "returning, clapping twice, pressing together, praying, praying, clapping twice, and bowing again."<sup id="cite_ref-yoriso_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yoriso-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, at <a href="/wiki/Usa_Jing%C5%AB" title="Usa Jingū">Usa Jingū</a> and <a href="/wiki/Izumo-taisha" title="Izumo-taisha">Izumo-taisha</a>, it is correct etiquette to bow twice, clap <i>four</i> times, then bow once.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> It is widely accepted that "two bows, two claps, one bow" is the formal etiquette of worship for the chief priest. The etiquette was created through the long experience and improvement of the predecessors and is a reflection of the respect for the gods.<sup id="cite_ref-yoriso_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yoriso-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakushu_(Shinto)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tejime" title="Tejime">Tejime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Divinities" title="Institute of Divinities">Institute of Divinities</a>　　</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakushu_(Shinto)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-museum.kokugakuin.ac.jp/eos/detail/id=8972">"Encyclopedia of Shinto詳細"</a>. <i>國學院大學デジタルミュージアム</i> (in Japanese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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2024. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://izumooyashiro.or.jp/archives/faq/7898">"Izumo-Taisha - Frequently Asked Questions"</a> retrieved May 31 2024.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="Shinto_shrines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#b0000f"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dzuya" title="Chōzuya">chōzu or temizu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haiden_(Shinto)" title="Haiden (Shinto)">Haiden</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heiden_(Shinto)" title="Heiden (Shinto)">Heiden</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hokora" title="Hokora">hokora</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Honden" title="Honden">honden / shinden / shōden</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kagura-den" title="Kagura-den">kagura-den</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Setsumatsusha" title="Setsumatsusha">setsumatsusha</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Architectonic elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinjusha" title="Chinjusha">Chinjusha</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chigi_(architecture)" title="Chigi (architecture)">chigi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hidden_roof" title="Hidden roof">hidden roof</a></i></li> <li><i>kaerumata: see <a href="/wiki/Nakazonae" title="Nakazonae">nakazonae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kair%C5%8D" title="Kairō">kairō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karahafu" title="Karahafu">karahafu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karamon" title="Karamon">karamon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kat%C5%8Dmado" title="Katōmado">katōmado</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katsuogi" title="Katsuogi">katsuogi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Komainu#Foxes_at_Inari_shrines" title="Komainu">kitsune (fox)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Komainu" title="Komainu">komainu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mon_(architecture)" title="Mon (architecture)">mon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nakazonae" title="Nakazonae">nakazonae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinboku" title="Shinboku">shinboku</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dr%C5%8D" title="Shōrō">shōrō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Drin" title="Sōrin">sōrin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tamagaki" title="Tamagaki">tamagaki</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Toky%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokyō">tokyō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Torii" title="Torii">torii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dr%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Tōrō">tōrō</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hirairi" title="Hirairi">hirairi-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tsumairi" title="Tsumairi">tsumairi-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hachiman-zukuri" title="Hachiman-zukuri">hachiman-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hiyoshi-zukuri" title="Hiyoshi-zukuri">hiyoshi-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Irimoya" class="mw-redirect" title="Irimoya">irimoya-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ishi-no-ma-zukuri" title="Ishi-no-ma-zukuri">ishi-no-ma-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kasuga-zukuri" title="Kasuga-zukuri">kasuga-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kibitsu-zukuri" title="Kibitsu-zukuri">kibitsu-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinto_architecture#Misedana-zukuri" title="Shinto architecture">misedana-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nagare-zukuri" title="Nagare-zukuri">nagare-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinto_architecture#.C5.8Ctori-zukuri" title="Shinto architecture">ōtori-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinto_architecture#Owari-zukuri" title="Shinto architecture">owari-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nagare-zukuri" title="Nagare-zukuri">ryōnagare-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinmei-zukuri" title="Shinmei-zukuri">shinmei-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sumiyoshi-zukuri" title="Sumiyoshi-zukuri">sumiyoshi-zukuri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taisha-zukuri" title="Taisha-zukuri">taisha-zukuri</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Decorations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sand%C5%8D" title="Sandō">Sandō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saisen" title="Saisen">Saisen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomoe" title="Tomoe">Tomoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimenawa" title="Shimenawa">Shimenawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#b0000f;background:#FFCCCB;"><div id="Others" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Others</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/An_(Shinto)" title="An (Shinto)">An</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dzubachi" title="Chōzubachi">Chōzubachi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dzuya" title="Chōzuya">Chōzuya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hakama" title="Hakama">Hakama</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Himorogi" title="Himorogi">Himorogi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8De" title="Jōe">Jōe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kagura_suzu" title="Kagura suzu">Kagura suzu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Omiki" title="Omiki">O-miki</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cnusa" title="Ōnusa">Ō-nusa</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gohei" title="Gohei">Gohei</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sanbo" title="Sanbo">Sanbo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shide_(Shinto)" title="Shide (Shinto)">Shide</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinsen" title="Shinsen">Shinsen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suzu_(bell)" title="Suzu (bell)">Suzu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tamagushi" title="Tamagushi">Tamagushi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masakaki" title="Masakaki">Masakaki</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washi" title="Washi">Washi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shinto_shrine#Shrine_networks" title="Shinto shrine">Head shrines</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fushimi_Inari-taisha" title="Fushimi Inari-taisha">Fushimi Inari Taisha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inari_%C5%8Ckami" title="Inari Ōkami">Inari Ōkami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inari_shrine" title="Inari shrine">Inari shrine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usa_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Usa Shrine">Usa Hachiman-gū</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hachiman" title="Hachiman">Hachiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hachiman_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hachiman Shrine">Hachiman Shrine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ise_Grand_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ise Grand Shrine">Ise Grand Shrine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaterasu" title="Amaterasu">Amaterasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jing%C5%ABky%C5%8D" title="Jingūkyō">Jingūkyō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingu_Taima" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingu Taima">Jingu Taima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinmei_shrines" title="Shinmei shrines">Shinmei shrines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazaifu_Tenman-g%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dazaifu Tenman-gū">Dazaifu Tenman-gū</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenjin_(kami)" title="Tenjin (kami)">Tenjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenmang%C5%AB" title="Tenmangū">Tenmangū</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munakata_Taisha" title="Munakata Taisha">Munakata Taisha</a> <ul><li>daughters of Amaterasu</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa_Taisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Suwa Taisha">Suwa Taisha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Takeminakata" title="Takeminakata">Takeminakata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasakatome" title="Yasakatome">Yasakatome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotoshironushi" title="Kotoshironushi">Kotoshironushi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiyoshi_Taisha" title="Hiyoshi Taisha">Hiyoshi Taisha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ckuninushi" title="Ōkuninushi">Ōkuninushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyamakui_no_Kami" title="Oyamakui no Kami">Oyamakui no Kami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sann%C5%8D_torii" class="mw-redirect" title="Sannō torii">Sannō torii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sann%C5%8D_Ichijitsu_Shint%C5%8D" title="Sannō Ichijitsu Shintō">Sannō Ichijitsu Shintō</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumano_Nachi_Taisha" title="Kumano Nachi Taisha">Kumano Nachi Taisha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumano_Kod%C5%8D" title="Kumano Kodō">Kumano Kodō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumano_Sanzan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumano Sanzan">Kumano Sanzan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsushima_Shrine" title="Tsushima Shrine">Tsushima Shrine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gion_cult" title="Gion cult">Gion cult</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasaka_Shrine" title="Yasaka Shrine">Yasaka Shrine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gion_cult" title="Gion cult">Gion cult</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tutelary_deities" class="mw-redirect" title="Tutelary deities">Tutelary deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ujigami" title="Ujigami">Ujigami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinjugami" title="Chinjugami">Chinjugami</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garanshin" class="mw-redirect" title="Garanshin">Garanshin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%8Dsojin" title="Dōsojin">Dōsojin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinushigami" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinushigami">Jinushigami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yama-no-Kami" class="mw-redirect" title="Yama-no-Kami">Yama-no-Kami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyagami" title="Oyagami">Oyagami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorei" title="Sorei">Sorei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubusunagami" title="Ubusunagami">Ubusunagami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunitama" title="Kunitama">Kunitama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yorishiro" title="Yorishiro">Yorishiro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shintai" title="Shintai">Shintai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shinto_mirror" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinto mirror">Mirrors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinboku" title="Shinboku">Shinboku</a> (trees)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinju_no_Mori" title="Chinju no Mori">Chinju no Mori</a> (forests)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwakura_rocks" class="mw-redirect" title="Iwakura rocks">Iwakura</a> (rocks) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Meoto_Iwa" title="Meoto Iwa">Meoto Iwa</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannabi" title="Kannabi">Kannabi</a> (locations)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katashiro" title="Katashiro">Katashiro</a> (dolls)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadomatsu" title="Kadomatsu">Kadomatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunrei" title="Bunrei">Bunrei</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kanj%C5%8D" title="Kanjō">Kanjō</a> (propagation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofuda" title="Ofuda">Ofuda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jingu_Taima" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingu Taima">Jingu Taima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omamori" title="Omamori">Omamori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senjafuda" title="Senjafuda">Senjafuda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arahitogami" title="Arahitogami">Arahitogami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoshi" title="Mikoshi">Mikoshi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matsuri_float" title="Matsuri float">Matsuri float</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinko-shiki" title="Shinko-shiki">Shinko-shiki</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Staff</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kannushi" title="Kannushi">Kannushi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miko" title="Miko">Miko</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A-un" class="mw-redirect" title="A-un">A-un</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kanjo_Nawa" title="Kanjo Nawa">Kanjo Nawa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Junrei" title="Junrei">Junrei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Misaki" title="Misaki">Misaki</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miyamairi" title="Miyamairi">Miyamairi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinshi" title="Shinshi">Shinshi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-Two_Shrines" title="Twenty-Two Shrines">Twenty-Two Shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokoku_Shrines" class="mw-redirect" title="Gokoku Shrines">Gokoku Shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beppyo_Shrines" class="mw-redirect" title="Beppyo Shrines">Beppyo Shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinkai_(divine_rank)" title="Shinkai (divine rank)">Shinkai (divine rank)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_system_of_ranked_Shinto_shrines" title="Modern system of ranked Shinto shrines">Modern system of ranked Shinto shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engishiki_Jinmyocho" class="mw-redirect" title="Engishiki Jinmyocho">Engishiki Jinmyocho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinjusha" title="Chinjusha">Chinjusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setsumatsusha" title="Setsumatsusha">Setsumatsusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokora" title="Hokora">Hokora</a></li> <li>Buddhist elements <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jing%C5%AB-ji" title="Jingū-ji">jingū-ji</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jing%C5%AB-ji" title="Jingū-ji">miyadera</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whale_mounds" title="Whale mounds">Whale mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamidana" title="Kamidana">Kamidana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitamaya" title="Mitamaya">Mitamaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dja_shrine" title="Sōja shrine">Sōja shrine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_Parishioner_Registration" title="Shrine Parishioner Registration">Shrine Parishioner Registration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Shrine_Theory" title="Secular Shrine Theory">Secular Shrine Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_Consolidation_Policy" title="Shrine Consolidation Policy">Shrine Consolidation Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_Shinto" title="Shrine Shinto">Shrine Shinto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Misc practices for visitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/O-mikuji" title="O-mikuji">Ō-mikuji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuin" title="Shuin">Shuin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ema_(Shinto)" title="Ema (Shinto)">Ema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinja_Honch%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinja Honchō">Jinja Honchō</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Futomani" title="Futomani">Futomani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harae" title="Harae">Harae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagura" title="Kagura">Kagura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogi" title="Misogi">Misogi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hakushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_bows,_two_claps,_one_bow" class="mw-redirect" title="Two bows, two claps, one bow">Two bows, two claps, one bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jichinsai" title="Jichinsai">Jichinsai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup> (in order of the size of the shrine network they head)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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