CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>House mouse - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"d8842576-fde3-44f4-9f68-8de5530f27ea","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"House_mouse","wgTitle":"House mouse","wgCurRevisionId":1254861010,"wgRevisionId":1254861010,"wgArticleId":575890,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from April 2015","CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)","CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Articles with 'species' microformats","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from June 2022","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2015","Articles with unsourced statements from June 2024", "Articles with unsourced statements from May 2015","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2005","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Articles with unsourced statements from August 2024","Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020","Articles containing Bulgarian-language text","Wikipedia external links cleanup from January 2017","Commons link is on Wikidata","Taxonbars with 25–29 taxon IDs","IUCN Red List least concern species","House mouse","Cosmopolitan mammals","Mammals described in 1758","Mus (rodent)","Storage pests","Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus","Mammals of Asia","Mammals of Europe"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"House_mouse","wgRelevantArticleId":575890,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{ "tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":70000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q83310","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles": "ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming", "ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Mouse_white_background.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Mouse_white_background.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="House mouse - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_mouse"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_mouse"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-House_mouse rootpage-House_mouse skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=House+mouse" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=House+mouse" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=House+mouse" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=House+mouse" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Characteristics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxonomy_and_subspecies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxonomy_and_subspecies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Taxonomy and subspecies </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Taxonomy_and_subspecies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Taxonomy and subspecies subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Taxonomy_and_subspecies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chromosomal_races" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chromosomal_races"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Chromosomal races </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chromosomal_races-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Evolution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Behavior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behavior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Behavior </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Behavior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_behavior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_behavior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Social behavior </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_behavior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senses_and_communication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senses_and_communication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Senses and communication </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Senses_and_communication-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Senses and communication subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Senses_and_communication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vision" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vision"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Vision </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vision-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Olfaction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Olfaction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Olfaction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Olfaction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tactile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tactile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Tactile </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tactile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Life_cycle_and_reproduction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_cycle_and_reproduction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Life cycle and reproduction </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Life_cycle_and_reproduction-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Life cycle and reproduction subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Life_cycle_and_reproduction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Polygamy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polygamy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Polygamy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polygamy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Evolutionary_and_behavioural_consequences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolutionary_and_behavioural_consequences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.1 Evolutionary and behavioural consequences </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolutionary_and_behavioural_consequences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polyandry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polyandry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Polyandry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polyandry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Evolutionary_consequences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolutionary_consequences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.1 Evolutionary consequences </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolutionary_consequences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inbreeding_avoidance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inbreeding_avoidance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Inbreeding avoidance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inbreeding_avoidance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Genetics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Life_expectancy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_expectancy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Life expectancy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_expectancy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Aging </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mice_and_humans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mice_and_humans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Mice and humans </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mice_and_humans-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Mice and humans subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Mice_and_humans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_pets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_pets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 As pets </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_pets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mice_as_pests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mice_as_pests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 Mice as pests </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mice_as_pests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mice_and_diseases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mice_and_diseases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.4 Mice and diseases </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mice_and_diseases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Invasive_species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Invasive_species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.5 Invasive species </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Invasive_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_a_model_organism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_a_model_organism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.6 As a model organism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_a_model_organism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_folk_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_folk_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.7 In folk culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_folk_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle External links subsection </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Taxonomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxonomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1 Taxonomy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetics_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetics_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.2 Genetics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetics_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.3 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.4 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">House mouse</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 99 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-99" aria-hidden="true" > 99 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4ikkis%C3%A4plig" title="Päikkisäplig – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Päikkisäplig" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A3%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%84" title="فأر المنازل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فأر المنازل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus" title="Mus musculus – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mus musculus" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%98oaricu_di_cas%C3%A2" title="Șoaricu di casâ – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Șoaricu di casâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus" title="Mus musculus – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mus musculus" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anguja" title="Anguja – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Anguja" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ev_si%C3%A7an%C4%B1" title="Ev siçanı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ev siçanı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%99%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0" title="ঘর নেঙটি ইঁদুর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ঘর নেঙটি ইঁদুর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%88_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Мыш дамавая – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мыш дамавая" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%88_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Мыш дамавая – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мыш дамавая" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Домашна мишка – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Домашна мишка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logodenn" title="Logodenn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Logodenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratol%C3%AD_com%C3%BA" title="Ratolí comú – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ratolí comú" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB-%C3%A7%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%88%C4%83%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95" title="Кил-çурт шăшийĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кил-çурт шăшийĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taligatos" title="Taligatos – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Taligatos" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/My%C5%A1_dom%C3%A1c%C3%AD" title="Myš domácí – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Myš domácí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llygoden_y_t%C5%B7" title="Llygoden y tŷ – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llygoden y tŷ" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husmus" title="Husmus – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Husmus" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausmaus" title="Hausmaus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hausmaus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%AF%CC%81%CA%BCani%CA%BC%C4%AF%C4%AFh%C3%AD" title="Jį́ʼaniʼįįhí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Jį́ʼaniʼįįhí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koduhiir" title="Koduhiir – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Koduhiir" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3rag" title="Sórag – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Sórag" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus" title="Mus musculus – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mus musculus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hejma_muso" title="Hejma muso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hejma muso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagu_arrunt" title="Sagu arrunt – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sagu arrunt" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C6%92efi" title="Aƒefi – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Aƒefi" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B4_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="موش خانگی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موش خانگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heimam%C3%BAs" title="Heimamús – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Heimamús" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus" title="Mus musculus – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mus musculus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BBsm%C3%BBs" title="Hûsmûs – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Hûsmûs" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luch_th%C3%AD" title="Luch thí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Luch thí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rato_dom%C3%A9stico" title="Rato doméstico – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rato doméstico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%98%E0%AA%B0_%E0%AA%89%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A6%E0%AA%B0" title="ઘર ઉંદર – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઘર ઉંદર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EC%A5%90" title="생쥐 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="생쥐" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF" title="Տնային մուկ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տնային մուկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doma%C4%87i_mi%C5%A1" title="Domaći miš – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Domaći miš" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mencit" title="Mencit – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mencit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avi%C5%8B%C5%8Baq" title="Aviŋŋaq – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Aviŋŋaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igundane" title="Igundane – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Igundane" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BAsam%C3%BAs" title="Húsamús – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Húsamús" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus" title="Mus musculus – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mus musculus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%99" title="עכבר מצוי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עכבר מצוי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="სახლის თაგვი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სახლის თაგვი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom%C3%B4c%C3%B4_m%C3%ABsz" title="Domôcô mësz – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Domôcô mësz" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Үй тышқаны – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Үй тышқаны" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slakol_(Mus_musculus)" title="Slakol (Mus musculus) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Slakol (Mus musculus)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sourit" title="Sourit – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Sourit" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus" title="Mus musculus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mus musculus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81jas_pele" title="Mājas pele – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mājas pele" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namin%C4%97_pel%C4%97" title="Naminė pelė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Naminė pelė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus" title="Mus musculus – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Mus musculus" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1zi_eg%C3%A9r" title="Házi egér – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Házi egér" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF" title="ചുണ്ടെലി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചുണ്ടെലി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%84" title="فار المنازل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فار المنازل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mencit_rumah" title="Mencit rumah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mencit rumah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гэрийн хулгана – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гэрийн хулгана" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huismuis" title="Huismuis – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Huismuis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B" title="डुहरे घरमुसो – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="डुहरे घरमुसो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%84%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8D%E3%82%BA%E3%83%9F" title="ハツカネズミ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハツカネズミ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surice" title="Surice – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Surice" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCsm%C3%BCs" title="Hüsmüs – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Hüsmüs" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husmus" title="Husmus – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Husmus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husmus" title="Husmus – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Husmus" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus" title="Mus musculus – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mus musculus" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%98%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE" title="ਘਰੇਲੂ ਚੂਹਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਘਰੇਲੂ ਚੂਹਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giari" title="Giari – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Giari" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muus" title="Muus – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Muus" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysz_domowa" title="Mysz domowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mysz domowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus" title="Mus musculus – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mus musculus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%98oarece_de_cas%C4%83" title="Șoarece de casă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Șoarece de casă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasi_ukucha" title="Wasi ukucha – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wasi ukucha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8C_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Мышь домова – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Мышь домова" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8C" title="Домовая мышь – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Домовая мышь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus" title="Mus musculus – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Mus musculus" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoose_moose" title="Hoose moose – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hoose moose" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F" title="මූසිකයා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මූසිකයා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_mouse" title="House mouse – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="House mouse" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/My%C5%A1_domov%C3%A1" title="Myš domová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Myš domová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%C5%A1na_mi%C5%A1" title="Hišna miš – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hišna miš" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dooli" title="Dooli – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dooli" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%9B%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Кућни миш – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кућни миш" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotihiiri" title="Kotihiiri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kotihiiri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husmus" title="Husmus – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Husmus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagang-bahay" title="Dagang-bahay – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Dagang-bahay" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/olit" title="olit – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="olit" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="หนูหริ่งบ้าน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หนูหริ่งบ้าน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ev_faresi" title="Ev faresi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ev faresi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Миша хатня – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Миша хатня" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DA%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88_%DA%86%D9%88%DB%81%D8%A7" title="گھریلو چوہا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گھریلو چوہا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus" title="Mus musculus – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Mus musculus" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu%E1%BB%99t_nh%E1%BA%AFt_nh%C3%A0" title="Chuột nhắt nhà – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chuột nhắt nhà" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sori" title="Sori – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Sori" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huysmuys" title="Huysmuys – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Huysmuys" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus" title="Mus musculus – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mus musculus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E9%BC%A0" title="家鼠 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="家鼠" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eku" title="Eku – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Eku" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E9%BC%A0" title="家鼠 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="家鼠" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%AE%B6%E9%BC%A0" title="小家鼠 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="小家鼠" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%98%E1%A5%A7%E1%A5%B4" title="ᥘᥧᥴ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥘᥧᥴ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q83310#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/House_mouse" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:House_mouse" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/House_mouse">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/House_mouse">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/House_mouse" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/House_mouse" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&oldid=1254861010" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=House_mouse&id=1254861010&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHouse_mouse">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHouse_mouse">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=House_mouse&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus" hreflang="en">Wikispecies</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Mice" hreflang="en">Wikiquote</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q83310" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of mammal</div> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">House mouse </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Mouse_white_background.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Mouse_white_background.jpg/220px-Mouse_white_background.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Mouse_white_background.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200" /></a> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /> <a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a>  (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<a href="#cite_note-IUCN-1">[1]</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Mus_(Mus)" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rodent" title="Rodent">Rodentia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Muridae" title="Muridae">Muridae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mus_(genus)" title="Mus (genus)">Mus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subgenus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mus_(subgenus)" title="Mus (subgenus)">Mus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species">M. musculus</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">Mus musculus <div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae" title="10th edition of Systema Naturae">1758</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Subspecies </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mus_musculus_bactrianus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mus musculus bactrianus (page does not exist)">Mus musculus bactrianus</a><a href="#cite_note-Lawal1-2">[2]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mus_musculus_castaneus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mus musculus castaneus (page does not exist)">Mus musculus castaneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus_musculus_domesticus" title="Mus musculus domesticus">Mus musculus domesticus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mus_musculus_gentilulus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mus musculus gentilulus (page does not exist)">Mus musculus gentilulus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mus_musculus_musculus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mus musculus musculus (page does not exist)">Mus musculus musculus</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Mapa_Mus_musculus.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mapa_Mus_musculus.png/220px-Mapa_Mus_musculus.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mapa_Mus_musculus.png/330px-Mapa_Mus_musculus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mapa_Mus_musculus.png/440px-Mapa_Mus_musculus.png 2x" data-file-width="2753" data-file-height="1400" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">House mouse range (note: distribution is incomplete) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> Mus abbotti </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> The house mouse (Mus musculus) is a small <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammal</a> of the order <a href="/wiki/Rodent" title="Rodent">Rodentia</a>, characteristically having a pointed snout, large rounded ears, and a long and almost hairless tail. It is one of the most abundant <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of the genus <a href="/wiki/Mus_(genus)" title="Mus (genus)">Mus</a>. Although a <a href="/wiki/Wild_animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild animal">wild animal</a>, the house mouse has benefited significantly from associating with human habitation to the point that truly wild populations are significantly less common than the semi-tame populations near human activity. The house mouse has been <a href="/wiki/Domestication" title="Domestication">domesticated</a> as the pet or <a href="/wiki/Fancy_mouse" title="Fancy mouse">fancy mouse</a>, and as the <a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">laboratory mouse</a>, which is one of the most important <a href="/wiki/Model_organism" title="Model organism">model organisms</a> in biology and medicine. The complete mouse <a href="/wiki/Reference_genome" title="Reference genome">reference genome</a> was <a href="/wiki/Whole_genome_sequencing" title="Whole genome sequencing">sequenced</a> in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-Gregory-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mouse_Genome_Sequencing_Consortium-4">[4]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Characteristics">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mus_musculus_front_teeth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Mus_musculus_front_teeth.jpg/220px-Mus_musculus_front_teeth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Mus_musculus_front_teeth.jpg/330px-Mus_musculus_front_teeth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Mus_musculus_front_teeth.jpg/440px-Mus_musculus_front_teeth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="734" data-file-height="733" /></a><figcaption>The house mouse is best identified by the sharp notch in its upper front teeth.</figcaption></figure> House mice have an adult body length (nose to base of tail) of 7.5–10 centimetres (3–4 in) and a tail length of 5–10 cm (2–4 in). The weight is typically <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>11–30 g (3⁄8–1 oz). In the wild they vary in color from grey and light brown to black (individual hairs are actually <a href="/wiki/Agouti_(coloration)" title="Agouti (coloration)">agouti</a> coloured), but domesticated fancy mice and laboratory mice are produced in many colors ranging from white to champagne to black.<a href="#cite_note-Berry1970-5">[5]</a> They have short hair and some, but not all, sub-species have a light belly.<a href="#cite_note-Berry1970-5">[5]</a> The ears and tail have little hair. The hind feet are short compared to <a href="/wiki/Apodemus" title="Apodemus">Apodemus</a> mice, only <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">15–19 mm (9⁄16–3⁄4 in) long; the normal gait is a run with a stride of about <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">4.5 cm (1+3⁄4 in), though they can jump vertically up to 45 cm (18 in).<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> The voice is a high-pitched squeak.<a href="#cite_note-lyneborg-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-lawrence-8">[8]</a> House mice thrive under a variety of conditions; they are found in and around homes and commercial structures, as well as in open fields and agricultural lands.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Newborn males and females can be distinguished on close examination as the <a href="/wiki/Anogenital_distance" title="Anogenital distance">anogenital distance</a> in males is about double that of the female.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> From the age of about 10 days, females have five pairs of <a href="/wiki/Mammary_gland" title="Mammary gland">mammary glands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nipple" title="Nipple">nipples</a>; males have no nipples.<a href="#cite_note-Mayer_et_al-10">[10]</a> When sexually mature, the most striking and obvious difference is the presence of <a href="/wiki/Testicle" title="Testicle">testicles</a> on the males. These are large compared to the rest of the body and can be retracted into the body.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The tail, which is used for balance,<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Siegel-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> has only a thin covering of hair as it is the main peripheral organ of heat loss in <a href="/wiki/Thermoregulation" title="Thermoregulation">thermoregulation</a><a href="#cite_note-Siegel-12">[12]</a> along with—to a lesser extent—the hairless parts of the paws and ears. Blood flow to the tail can be precisely controlled in response to changes in ambient temperature using a system of <a href="/wiki/Arteriovenous_anastomosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Arteriovenous anastomosis">arteriovenous anastomoses</a> to increase the temperature of the skin on the tail by as much as 10 °C (10 K; 18 °F) to lose body heat.<a href="#cite_note-Nociception-14">[14]</a> Tail length varies according to the environmental temperature of the mouse during postnatal development, so mice living in colder regions tend to have shorter tails.<a href="#cite_note-Berry1970-5">[5]</a> The tail is also used for balance when the mouse is climbing or running, or as a base when the animal stands on its hind legs (a behaviour known as <a href="/wiki/Tripod_stance" title="Tripod stance">tripoding</a>), and to convey information about the dominance status of an individual in encounters with other mice.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> In addition to the regular pea-sized <a href="/wiki/Thymus" title="Thymus">thymus</a> organ in the chest, house mice have a second functional pinhead-sized thymus organ in the neck next to the trachea.<a href="#cite_note-Terszowski-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy_and_subspecies">Taxonomy and subspecies</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Taxonomy and subspecies">edit</a>]</div> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Euarchontoglires" title="Euarchontoglires">Euarchontoglires</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Glires </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Rodent" title="Rodent">Rodentia</a> (rodents) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Lagomorpha" title="Lagomorpha">Lagomorpha</a> (rabbits, hares, pikas) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Euarchonta" title="Euarchonta">Euarchonta</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Treeshrew" title="Treeshrew">Scandentia</a> (treeshrews) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Primatomorpha" title="Primatomorpha">Primatomorpha</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Colugo" title="Colugo">Dermoptera</a> (flying lemurs) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">Primates</a> (†<a href="/wiki/Plesiadapiformes" title="Plesiadapiformes">Plesiadapiformes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strepsirrhini" title="Strepsirrhini">Strepsirrhini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haplorrhini" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplorrhini">Haplorrhini</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mus_musclus_molssinus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Mus_musclus_molssinus.jpg/220px-Mus_musclus_molssinus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Mus_musclus_molssinus.jpg/330px-Mus_musclus_molssinus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Mus_musclus_molssinus.jpg/440px-Mus_musclus_molssinus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2976" data-file-height="3968" /></a><figcaption>Japanese fancy mouse (Mus musculus molssinus)</figcaption></figure> Mice are mammals of the Glires <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clade</a>, which means they are amongst the closest relatives of humans other than <a href="/wiki/Lagomorpha" title="Lagomorpha">lagomorphs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treeshrew" title="Treeshrew">treeshrews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flying_lemurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Flying lemurs">flying lemurs</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Primates" class="mw-redirect" title="Primates">primates</a>. The three widely accepted <a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">subspecies</a> are increasingly treated as distinct species by some:<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-MusserCarleton2005-18">[18]</a> <ul><li>Southeastern Asian house mouse (Mus musculus castaneus) (southern and southeastern Asia)</li> <li>Western European house mouse (<a href="/wiki/Mus_musculus_domesticus" title="Mus musculus domesticus">Mus musculus domesticus</a>); includes the <a href="/wiki/Fancy_mouse" title="Fancy mouse">fancy mouse</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">laboratory mouse</a> (Western Europe, North America, South America, Africa and Oceania)</li> <li>Eastern European house mouse (Mus musculus musculus) (Eastern Europe and northern Asia)</li></ul> Two additional subspecies have been recognized more recently:<a href="#cite_note-MusserCarleton2005-18">[18]</a> <ul><li>Southwestern Asian house mouse (Mus musculus bactrianus) (southwestern and Central Asia). However, due to significant genetic similarity observed between (Mus musculus bactrianus) and Mus musculus castaneus, the subspecies designation for Mus musculus bactrianus has now been questioned.<a href="#cite_note-Lawal1-2">[2]</a></li> <li>pygmy house mouse (Mus musculus gentilulus) (the Arabian Peninsula and Madagascar)<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></li></ul> Many more subspecies' names have been given to house mice, but these are now regarded as <a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">synonyms</a> of the five subspecies. Some populations are hybrids of different subspecies, including the Japanese house mouse (M. m. molossinus).<a href="#cite_note-MusserCarleton2005-18">[18]</a> A notable region of hybridization is a region in general Europe where M. m. domesticus and M. m. musculus are often found to hybridize.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> However, male hybrid mice typically experience hybrid sterility, which maintains reproductive separation between the two subspecies.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chromosomal_races">Chromosomal races</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Chromosomal races">edit</a>]</div> The standard species <a href="/wiki/Karyotype" title="Karyotype">karyotype</a> is composed of 40 <a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">chromosomes</a>. Within Western Europe there are numerous populations – <a href="/wiki/Chromosomal_race" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosomal race">chromosomal races</a> – with a reduced chromosome count arising from <a href="/wiki/Robertsonian_fusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Robertsonian fusion">Robertsonian fusion</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Evolution">edit</a>]</div> Suzuki et al., 2013 confirms the theory that M. musculus originates in <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwestern Asia">Southwestern Asia</a> and identifies 5 subspecies and their origins: musculus in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Eurasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Eurasia">northern Eurasia</a>, castaneus in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, a previously unknown subspecies from <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, domesticus in <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">western Europe</a>, and gentilulus in <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dispersal-22">[22]</a> A recent study using 89 whole-genome sequences revealed that the modern day Mus musculus castaneus emerged from an ancestral <a href="/wiki/Mus_musculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mus musculus">Mus musculus</a> population in Indian subcontinent some time around 700 kya. From there, this ancestral population migrated to Iran around 360 kya to form <a href="/wiki/Mus_musculus_domesticus" title="Mus musculus domesticus">Mus musculus domesticus</a> and then to Afghanistan around 260 kya to form Mus musculus musculus.<a href="#cite_note-Lawal2-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Behavior">Behavior</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Behavior">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mausprofil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Mausprofil.jpg/220px-Mausprofil.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Mausprofil.jpg/330px-Mausprofil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Mausprofil.jpg/440px-Mausprofil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1121" data-file-height="748" /></a><figcaption>Feeding</figcaption></figure> House mice usually run, walk, or stand on all fours, but when eating, fighting, or orienting themselves, they rear up on their hind legs with additional support from the tail – a behavior known as "tripoding". Mice are good jumpers, climbers, and swimmers, and are generally considered to be <a href="/wiki/Thigmotaxis" title="Thigmotaxis">thigmotactic</a>, i.e. usually attempt to maintain contact with vertical surfaces.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Mice are mostly <a href="/wiki/Crepuscular_animal" title="Crepuscular animal">crepuscular</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nocturnality" title="Nocturnality">nocturnal</a>; they are averse to bright lights. The average sleep time of a captive house mouse is reported to be 12.5 hours per day.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] They live in a wide variety of hidden places near food sources, and construct nests from various soft materials. Mice are territorial, and one dominant male usually lives together with several females and young. Dominant males respect each other's <a href="/wiki/Territory_(animal)" title="Territory (animal)">territories</a> and normally enter another's territory only if it is vacant. If two or more males are housed together in a cage, they often become aggressive unless they have been raised together from birth.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] House mice primarily feed on plant matter, but are <a href="/wiki/Omnivore" title="Omnivore">omnivorous</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] They <a href="/wiki/Coprophagia" title="Coprophagia">eat their own faeces</a> to acquire nutrients produced by <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a> in their intestines.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> House mice, like most other rodents, do not vomit.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Mice are generally afraid of <a href="/wiki/Rat" title="Rat">rats</a> which often kill and eat them, a behavior known as muricide. Despite this, free-living populations of rats and mice do exist together in forest areas in New Zealand, North America, and elsewhere. House mice are generally poor competitors and in most areas cannot survive away from human settlements in areas where other small mammals, such as <a href="/wiki/Wood_mouse" title="Wood mouse">wood mice</a>, are present.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> However, in some areas (such as Australia), mice are able to coexist with other small rodent species.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_behavior">Social behavior</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Social behavior">edit</a>]</div> The social behavior of the house mouse is not rigidly fixed into species-specific patterns but is instead adaptable to the environmental conditions, such as the availability of food and space.<a href="#cite_note-Frynta-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gray-29">[29]</a> This adaptability allows house mice to inhabit diverse areas ranging from sandy dunes to apartment buildings.<a href="#cite_note-Frynta-28">[28]</a> House mice have two forms of social behaviour, the expression of which depends on the environmental context. House mice in buildings and other urbanized areas with close proximity to humans are known as <a href="/wiki/Commensalism" title="Commensalism">commensal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Frynta-28">[28]</a> Commensal mice populations often have an excessive food source resulting in high population densities and small home ranges. This causes a switch from territorial behaviour to a hierarchy of individuals.<a href="#cite_note-Frynta-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> When populations have an excess of food, there is less female-female aggression, which usually occurs to gain access to food or to prevent infanticide.<a href="#cite_note-Frynta-28">[28]</a> Male-male aggression occurs in commensal populations, mainly to defend female mates and protect a small territory.<a href="#cite_note-Frynta-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gray-29">[29]</a> The high level of male-male aggression, with a low female-female aggression level is common in <a href="/wiki/Animal_sexual_behaviour#Polygamy" title="Animal sexual behaviour">polygamous</a> populations.<a href="#cite_note-Szenczi-31">[31]</a> The social unit of commensal house mouse populations generally consists of one male and two or more females, usually related.<a href="#cite_note-Szenczi-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dobson-32">[32]</a> These groups breed cooperatively, with the females communally nursing. This cooperative breeding and rearing by related females helps increase reproductive success. When no related females are present, breeding groups can form from non-related females.<a href="#cite_note-Dobson-32">[32]</a> In open areas such as shrubs and fields, the house mouse population is known as noncommensal. These populations are often limited by water or food supply and have large territories.<a href="#cite_note-Gray-29">[29]</a> Female-female aggression in the noncommensal house mouse populations is much higher, reaching a level generally attributed to free-ranging species. Male aggression is also higher in noncommensal populations. In commensal populations, males come into contact with other males quite frequently due to high population densities and aggression must be mediated or the risk of injury becomes too great.<a href="#cite_note-Frynta-28">[28]</a> Both commensal and noncommensal house mouse males aggressively defend their territory and act to exclude all intruders. Males mark their territory by scent marking with urine. In marked territories, intruders showed significantly lower aggression than the territory residents.<a href="#cite_note-Gray-29">[29]</a> House mice show a male-biased dispersal; males generally leave their birth sites and migrate to form new territories whereas females generally stay and are <a href="/wiki/Opportunistic_breeder" title="Opportunistic breeder">opportunistic breeders</a> rather than seasonal.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Senses_and_communication">Senses and communication</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Senses and communication">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vision">Vision</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Vision">edit</a>]</div> The visual apparatus of mice is basically similar to that of humans but differs in that they are <a href="/wiki/Dichromacy" title="Dichromacy">dichromats</a> and have only two types of <a href="/wiki/Cone_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="Cone cells">cone cells</a> whereas humans are <a href="/wiki/Trichromacy" title="Trichromacy">trichromats</a> and have three. This means that mice do not perceive some of the colors in the human visual spectrum.<a href="#cite_note-Smee2007-34">[34]</a> However, the <a href="/wiki/Ventral" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventral">ventral</a> area of the mouse <a href="/wiki/Retina" title="Retina">retina</a> has a much greater density of <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">ultraviolet</a>-sensitive cones than other areas of the retina, although the biological significance of this structure is unknown.<a href="#cite_note-Calderone_and_Jacobs,_(1995)-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Yokohyama_and_Shi,_(2000)-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-Neitz_and_Neitz,_(2001)-37">[37]</a> In 2007, mice genetically engineered to produce the third type of cone were shown to be able to distinguish a range of colors similar to that perceived by <a href="/wiki/Tetrachromacy" title="Tetrachromacy">tetrachromats</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Smee2007-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Olfaction">Olfaction</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Olfaction">edit</a>]</div> House mice also rely on <a href="/wiki/Pheromone" title="Pheromone">pheromones</a> for social communication, some of which are produced by the <a href="/wiki/Preputial_gland" title="Preputial gland">preputial glands</a> of both sexes. The tear fluid and urine of male mice also contains pheromones, such as <a href="/wiki/Major_urinary_proteins" title="Major urinary proteins">major urinary proteins</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Mice detect pheromones mainly with the <a href="/wiki/Vomeronasal_organ" title="Vomeronasal organ">vomeronasal organ</a> (Jacobson's organ), located at the bottom of the nose. The urine of house mice, especially that of males, has a characteristic strong odor. At least 10 different compounds, such as <a href="/wiki/Alkanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkanes">alkanes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alcohols" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohols">alcohols</a>, etc., are detectable in the urine. Among them, five compounds are specific to males, namely 3-cyclohexene-1-methanol, <a href="/wiki/Aminotriazole" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminotriazole">aminotriazole</a> (3-amino-s-triazole), 4-ethyl phenol, 3-ethyl-2,7-dimethyl octane and 1-iodoundecane.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Odours from adult males or from pregnant or lactating females can speed up or retard sexual maturation in juvenile females and synchronise reproductive cycles in mature females (i.e. the <a href="/wiki/Whitten_effect" title="Whitten effect">Whitten effect</a>). Odours of unfamiliar male mice may terminate pregnancies, i.e. the <a href="/wiki/Bruce_effect" title="Bruce effect">Bruce effect</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tactile">Tactile</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Tactile">edit</a>]</div> Mice can sense surfaces and air movements with their <a href="/wiki/Vibrissae" class="mw-redirect" title="Vibrissae">whiskers</a> which are also used during <a href="/wiki/Thigmotaxis" title="Thigmotaxis">thigmotaxis</a>. If mice are blind from birth, super-normal growth of the vibrissae occurs presumably as a compensatory response.<a href="#cite_note-Rauschecker_et_al.,_(1992)-41">[41]</a> Conversely, if the vibrissae are absent, the use of vision is intensified.<a href="#cite_note-Sokolov_et_al.,_(1986)-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_cycle_and_reproduction">Life cycle and reproduction</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Life cycle and reproduction">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Babymouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Babymouse.jpg/220px-Babymouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Babymouse.jpg/330px-Babymouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Babymouse.jpg/440px-Babymouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>A newborn mouse</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spottedmouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Spottedmouse.jpg/220px-Spottedmouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Spottedmouse.jpg/330px-Spottedmouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Spottedmouse.jpg/440px-Spottedmouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>A two-week-old fancy mouse, just about to open its eyes</figcaption></figure> Female house mice have an <a href="/wiki/Estrus" class="mw-redirect" title="Estrus">estrous cycle</a> about four to six days long, with estrus itself lasting less than a day. If several females are held together under crowded conditions, they will often not have an estrus at all. If they are then exposed to male urine, they will come into estrus after 72 hours.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Male house mice court females by emitting characteristic <a href="/wiki/Ultrasound" title="Ultrasound">ultrasonic</a> calls in the 30 kHz–110 kHz [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] range. The calls are most frequent during courtship when the male is sniffing and following the female; however, the calls continue after mating has begun, at which time the calls are coincident with mounting behaviour. Males can be induced to emit these calls by female pheromones. The vocalizations appear to differ between individuals and have been compared to <a href="/wiki/Bird_vocalization" title="Bird vocalization">bird songs</a> because of their complexity.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> While females have the capability to produce ultrasonic calls, they typically do not do so during mating behaviour.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Following copulation, female mice will normally develop a <a href="/wiki/Mating_plug" title="Mating plug">mating plug</a> which prevents further copulation. The plug is not necessary for pregnancy initiation, as this will also occur without the plug. The presence or absence of the plug will not affect litter size either.<a href="#cite_note-:1-44">[44]</a> This plug stays in place for some 24 hours. The <a href="/wiki/Gestation" title="Gestation">gestation</a> period is about 19–21 days, and they give birth to a litter of 3–14 young (average six to eight). One female can have 5 to 10 litters per year, so the mouse population can increase very quickly. Breeding occurs throughout the year. (However, animals living in the wild do not reproduce in the colder months, even though they do not <a href="/wiki/Hibernation" title="Hibernation">hibernate</a>.)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The pups are born blind and without fur or ears. The ears are fully developed by the fourth day, fur begins to appear at about six days and the eyes open around 13 days after birth; the pups are weaned at around 21 days. Females reach sexual maturity at about six weeks of age and males at about eight weeks, but both can copulate as early as five weeks.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polygamy">Polygamy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Polygamy">edit</a>]</div> Although house mice can be either monogamous or polygamous, they are most commonly <a href="/wiki/Animal_sexual_behaviour#Polygamy" title="Animal sexual behaviour">polygamous</a>. They generally show characteristics of mate-defense <a href="/wiki/Polygyny_in_animals" title="Polygyny in animals">polygyny</a> in that males are highly territorial and protective of their mates, while females are less <a href="/wiki/Agonistic_behavior" class="mw-redirect" title="Agonistic behavior">agonistic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> The communal nursing groups that result from these behaviors lead to lower numbers of <a href="/wiki/Infanticide_in_rodents" title="Infanticide in rodents">infanticide</a> since more females are able to protect greater numbers of offspring.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Evolutionary_and_behavioural_consequences">Evolutionary and behavioural consequences</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Evolutionary and behavioural consequences">edit</a>]</div> Both evolutionary and behavioral consequences result from the polygamous nature of the house mouse. One consequence is the <a href="/wiki/Paternal_care" title="Paternal care">paternal investment</a>, which is lower in polygamous mice than in mice that are monogamous.<a href="#cite_note-:0-48">[48]</a> This occurs due to the fact that males spend more time involved in <a href="/wiki/Sexual_selection" title="Sexual selection">sexual competition</a> than do females, leaving less time for paternal care.<a href="#cite_note-:0-48">[48]</a> Polygamous male house mice spend less time alone with pups.<a href="#cite_note-:0-48">[48]</a> They are also less likely and slower to retrieve lost pups than males of monogamous mice.<a href="#cite_note-:0-48">[48]</a> In contrast, the maternal investment is similar between female mice that have mated once versus multiply.<a href="#cite_note-:0-48">[48]</a> The polygamous behavior of female house mice promotes <a href="/wiki/Sperm_competition" title="Sperm competition">sperm competition</a>, which affects both male and female <a href="/wiki/Fitness_(biology)" title="Fitness (biology)">evolutionary fitness</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-44">[44]</a> Females who mate with multiple males tend to produce both pups in greater numbers,<a href="#cite_note-:1-44">[44]</a> and with higher survival rates,<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> increasing female fitness. Sperm competition that arises from polygamy favors males with faster, more motile sperm in higher numbers, increasing male fitness.<a href="#cite_note-:1-44">[44]</a> The competitive aspect of insemination increases the frequency of polyandrous events and fertilizations. Polyandry has evolved to increase reproductive success.<a href="#cite_note-Dean,_M.D._2006-50">[50]</a> Male mating behavior is also affected in response to the practice of polygamous behavior. Compared to monogamous house mice, polygamous house mice mate for longer periods of time.<a href="#cite_note-:2-51">[51]</a> This behaviour allows for an increase in both the transfer of sperm and paternity success, which in turn increases male fitness.<a href="#cite_note-:2-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polyandry">Polyandry</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Polyandry">edit</a>]</div> As opposed to polygyny, polyandrous behavior in females is the act of breeding with several males in the same season.<a href="#cite_note-:3-52">[52]</a> Variation in number of males that females mate with occurs among a population. Polyandrous behavior is a common mating pattern in the subspecies Mus musculus musculus as well as its relative Mus musculus domesticus.<a href="#cite_note-:3-52">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Polyandry_in_nature" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyandry in nature">Polyandry</a> occurs in 30% of all wild populations of house mice.<a href="#cite_note-:4-53">[53]</a> Litters from multiple sires tend to be more genetically diverse than litters of single sires.<a href="#cite_note-:3-52">[52]</a> Multiple paternity is also more common in larger populations than smaller populations, because there is a larger number of mates and more diverse mates to choose from.<a href="#cite_note-:4-53">[53]</a> Within a population, males and females show different levels of multiple mating. Females show bias toward unrelated males rather than related males during sexual selection, resulting in more genetically diverse offspring and a reduction of inbreeding depression.<a href="#cite_note-Dean,_M.D._2006-50">[50]</a> <a href="/wiki/Inbreeding_depression" title="Inbreeding depression">Inbreeding depression</a> increases genetic incompatibilities, levels of homozygosity, and the chance of expression of deleterious recessive alleles.<a href="#cite_note-Dean,_M.D._2006-50">[50]</a> Polyandry has been shown to increase offspring survival compared to monandry. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Evolutionary_consequences">Evolutionary consequences</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Evolutionary consequences">edit</a>]</div> The fitness of females increases in polyandrous lines due to more genetic diversity and greater litter size.<a href="#cite_note-:1-44">[44]</a> Due to polyandry, males can be confused by the identity of new offspring.<a href="#cite_note-:5-54">[54]</a> Multiple mating by females and paternity confusion can decrease rates of infanticide.<a href="#cite_note-:5-54">[54]</a> If the males are uncertain if the offspring are theirs, they are less likely to kill the offspring.<a href="#cite_note-:5-54">[54]</a> Intrauterine insemination causes an evolutionary consequence resulting from polyandrous behavior.<a href="#cite_note-:6-55">[55]</a> When multiple males mate with one female, there are multiple sets of sperm <a href="/wiki/Gamete" title="Gamete">gametes</a> in a female mouse. Offspring fertilized by multiple males can compete more strongly for mother's resources and can lead to a decrease in body size and variation in body size.<a href="#cite_note-:6-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inbreeding_avoidance">Inbreeding avoidance</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Inbreeding avoidance">edit</a>]</div> Since <a href="/wiki/Inbreeding_depression" title="Inbreeding depression">inbreeding</a> is detrimental, it tends to be avoided. In the house mouse, the major urinary protein (<a href="/wiki/Major_urinary_proteins" title="Major urinary proteins">MUP</a>) gene cluster provides a highly polymorphic scent signal of genetic identity that appears to underlie <a href="/wiki/Kin_recognition" title="Kin recognition">kin recognition</a> and inbreeding avoidance. Thus there are fewer matings between mice sharing MUP haplotypes than would be expected if there were random mating.<a href="#cite_note-pmid17997307-56">[56]</a> Another mechanism for avoiding inbreeding is evident when a female house mouse mates with multiple males. In such a case, there appears to be egg-driven sperm selection against sperm from related males.<a href="#cite_note-pmid26154782-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetics">Genetics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Genetics">edit</a>]</div> A region of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mouse_chromosome_16&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mouse chromosome 16 (page does not exist)">mouse chromosome 16</a> is associated with thyroid function in mice. However, <a href="/wiki/Knockout_mouse" title="Knockout mouse">mice with a knockout</a> of 16 genes - 550kb - in this region produced a normal phenotype, excluding these genes in particular from the dysfunction being pursued in that study.<a href="#cite_note-Garfield-Karaplis-2001-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_expectancy">Life expectancy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Life expectancy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Large_Ragdoll_cat_tosses_a_mouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Large_Ragdoll_cat_tosses_a_mouse.jpg/220px-Large_Ragdoll_cat_tosses_a_mouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Large_Ragdoll_cat_tosses_a_mouse.jpg/330px-Large_Ragdoll_cat_tosses_a_mouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Large_Ragdoll_cat_tosses_a_mouse.jpg/440px-Large_Ragdoll_cat_tosses_a_mouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3415" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption>In both agricultural and urban environments house mice are often preyed upon by the <a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">domestic cat</a>, as with this <a href="/wiki/Ragdoll_cat" class="mw-redirect" title="Ragdoll cat">ragdoll</a>, seen here playing with a mouse it has caught.</figcaption></figure> House mice usually live less than one year in the wild, due to a high level of <a href="/wiki/Predation" title="Predation">predation</a> and exposure to harsh environments. In protected environments, however, they often live two to three years. The <a href="/wiki/Methuselah_Mouse_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Methuselah Mouse Prize">Methuselah Mouse Prize</a> is a competition to breed or engineer extremely long-lived laboratory mice. As of 2005<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit">[update]</a>, the record holder was a genetically engineered mouse that lived for 1,819 days (7 days short of 5 years).<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Another record holder that was kept in an enriched environment but did not receive any genetic, pharmacological, or dietary treatment lived for 1,551 days (4 years, 90 days).<a href="#cite_note-Connor2004-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aging">Aging</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Aging">edit</a>]</div> In several different mouse strains, a significant increase was observed with age in <a href="/wiki/8-Oxo-2%27-deoxyguanosine" title="8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine">8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine</a> (8-oxo-dG) levels in nuclear DNA from <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heart" title="Heart">heart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brain" title="Brain">brain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kidney" title="Kidney">kidney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skeletal_muscle" title="Skeletal muscle">skeletal muscle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spleen" title="Spleen">spleen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hamilton2001-62">[62]</a> This increase in <a href="/wiki/DNA_damage_(naturally_occurring)" title="DNA damage (naturally occurring)">DNA damage</a> was attributed to an age related increase in the sensitivity of these tissues to <a href="/wiki/Oxidative_stress" title="Oxidative stress">oxidative stress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hamilton2001-62">[62]</a> <a href="/wiki/Calorie_restriction" title="Calorie restriction">Dietary restriction</a> is known to increase the lifespan of rodents and to retard <a href="/wiki/Ageing" title="Ageing">aging</a>. Dietary restriction was found to significantly reduce the age-related accumulation of 8-oxo-dG levels in <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_DNA" title="Nuclear DNA">nuclear DNA</a> of all tissues studied in mice.<a href="#cite_note-Hamilton2001-62">[62]</a> Thus it was suggested that oxidative DNA damages that arise from normal cellular metabolism could be highly relevant to aging and the diseases of aging.<a href="#cite_note-Hamilton2001-62">[62]</a> In another study, two types of DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine and DNA-protein crosslinks) were found to increase with age in mouse brain and liver.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mice_and_humans">Mice and humans</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Mice and humans">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> House mice usually live in proximity to humans, in or around houses or fields. They are native to <a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare_and_rights_in_India" title="Animal welfare and rights in India">India</a>,<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> and later they spread to the eastern Mediterranean about 13,000 BC, only spreading into the rest of Europe around 1000 BC.<a href="#cite_note-Cucci_etal_2005-66">[66]</a> This time lag is thought to be because the mice require agrarian human settlements above a certain size.<a href="#cite_note-Cucci_etal_2005-66">[66]</a> The house mouse first arrived in the Americas in the early sixteenth century. It was carried aboard on the ships of Spanish explorers and <a href="/wiki/Conquistadors" class="mw-redirect" title="Conquistadors">Conquistadors</a>. About one hundred years later, it arrived in North America with French fur traders and English colonists. They have since been spread to all parts of the globe by humans.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Many studies have been done on mouse phylogenies to reconstruct early human movements. For example, one study suggests the possibility of a previously unsuspected early link between Northern Europe and Madeira on the basis of the origin of Madeiran mice.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> House mice were thought to be the primary reason for the <a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_the_domesticated_cat" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolution of the domesticated cat">domestication of cats</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_pets">As pets</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: As pets">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Fancy_mouse" title="Fancy mouse">Fancy mouse</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Petmouse.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Petmouse.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Fancy mice may be of colours and/or have markings not found in wild mice.</figcaption></figure> The first written reference to mice kept as pets occurs in the <a href="/wiki/Erya" title="Erya">Erya</a>, the oldest extant Chinese dictionary, from a mention in an 1100 BC version.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Human domestication led to numerous strains of "<a href="/wiki/Animal_fancy" title="Animal fancy">fancy</a>" or hobby mice with a variety of colours and a docile <a href="/wiki/Temperament" title="Temperament">temperament</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Mouse_Club-69">[69]</a> Domestic varieties of the house mouse are bred as a food source for some <a href="/wiki/Carnivorous" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnivorous">carnivorous</a> pet <a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">reptiles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">arthropods</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Mouse_Club-69">[69]</a> The effects of domestication can be rapid, with captive-reared mice differing in boldness and activity patterns compared to wild-caught mice after 4–5 generations in recent research.<a href="#cite_note-Jones1-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jones_2-71">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mice_as_pests">Mice as pests</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Mice as pests">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mus_musculus_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Mus_musculus_01.JPG/220px-Mus_musculus_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Mus_musculus_01.JPG/330px-Mus_musculus_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Mus_musculus_01.JPG/440px-Mus_musculus_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1613" data-file-height="1210" /></a><figcaption>Infestation of mice. Taxidermy display, <a href="/wiki/Staatliches_Museum_f%C3%BCr_Naturkunde_Karlsruhe" class="mw-redirect" title="Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe">Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe</a>, Germany.</figcaption></figure> Mice are widespread <a href="/wiki/Pest_(organism)" title="Pest (organism)">pest</a> organisms, and one of the most common rodents to infest human buildings. They commonly forage outdoors during the spring and summer, but retreat into buildings through the autumn and winter to seek warmth and food. They typically feed on unattended food, leftovers and garden produce. Their foraging risks the contamination and degradation of food supplies, and can also spread other pests such as <a href="/wiki/Flea" title="Flea">fleas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tick" title="Tick">ticks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louse" title="Louse">lice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mite" title="Mite">mites</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] When infesting homes, house mice may pose a risk of damaging and compromising the structure of furniture and the building itself. They gnaw various materials to file down their growing teeth and keep the length under control. Common damage includes gnawed electrical wires, marks on wooden furniture and construction supporting elements, and textile damage.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mice_and_diseases">Mice and diseases</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Mice and diseases">edit</a>]</div> House mice can sometimes transmit diseases, contaminate food, and damage food packaging. Although the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> provides a list with diseases transmitted by rodents,<a href="#cite_note-cdc.gov-72">[72]</a> only a few of the diseases are transmitted through the house mouse.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Lymphocytic_choriomeningitis" title="Lymphocytic choriomeningitis">Lymphocytic choriomeningitis</a> (LCMV) can be transmitted by mice, but is not a commonly reported infection in humans, though most infections are mild and are often never diagnosed.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Some concern exists that women should not be infected with LCMV during pregnancy.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> House mice are not usually a vector of human plague (<a href="/wiki/Bubonic_plague" title="Bubonic plague">bubonic plague</a>) because they have fewer infestations with fleas than do rats, and because the fleas which house mice normally carry exhibit little tendency to bite humans rather than their natural host.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rickettsialpox" title="Rickettsialpox">Rickettsialpox</a>, caused by the bacterium <a href="/wiki/Rickettsia_akari" title="Rickettsia akari">Rickettsia akari</a> and similar to <a href="/wiki/Chickenpox" title="Chickenpox">chickenpox</a>, is spread by mice in general, but is very rare and generally mild and resolves within two or three weeks if untreated. No known deaths have resulted from the disease. <a href="/wiki/Murine_typhus" title="Murine typhus">Murine typhus</a> (also called endemic typhus), caused by the bacterium <a href="/wiki/Rickettsia_typhi" title="Rickettsia typhi">Rickettsia typhi</a>, is transmitted by the fleas that infest rats. While rat fleas are the most common vectors, cat fleas and mouse fleas are less common modes of transmission.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Endemic typhus is highly treatable with antibiotics. The U.S. CDC currently does not mention rickettsialpox or murine typhus on its website about diseases directly transmitted by rodents (in general).<a href="#cite_note-cdc.gov-72">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/Leptospirosis" title="Leptospirosis">Leptospirosis</a> is carried by a variety of wild and domestic animals including dogs, rats, swine, cattle, mice in general, and can be transmitted by the urine of an infected animal and is contagious as long as the urine is still moist.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> In Central Europe, the Dobriva sequence of <a href="/wiki/Hantavirus_pulmonary_syndrome" title="Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome">hantavirus</a> has been found in house mice. This is the most serious type of <a href="/wiki/Hanta_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanta virus">hanta</a> that can infect humans.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Invasive_species">Invasive species</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Invasive species">edit</a>]</div> Mice have become an <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive species</a> on islands to where they have spread during the period of European exploration and colonisation.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] New Zealand had no land mammals other than two species of bat prior to human occupation, and the house mouse is one of many species that have been introduced. Mice are responsible for a reduction in native bird species since they eat some of the same foods as birds. They are also known to kill lizards and have a large effect on native insects.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gough_Island" title="Gough Island">Gough Island</a> in the South Atlantic is used by 20 species of seabirds for breeding, including almost all of the world's <a href="/wiki/Tristan_albatross" title="Tristan albatross">Tristan albatross</a> (Diomedea dabbenena) and <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_petrel" title="Atlantic petrel">Atlantic petrel</a> (Pterodroma incerta). Until house mice arrived on the island in the 19th century with sailors, the birds did not have any mammalian predators. The mice have since grown unusually large and have learned to attack <a href="/wiki/Albatross" title="Albatross">albatross</a> chicks, which can be 90 cm tall, but are largely immobile, by working in groups and gnawing on them until they bleed to death.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> In the grain belt of southeastern Australia, the introduced subspecies Mus musculus domesticus breed so successfully, every three years or so they reach plague proportions, achieving densities of 1000 per hectare and causing massive disruption to communities, and losses to agriculture of A$36 million annually.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_a_model_organism">As a model organism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: As a model organism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Laboratory mouse</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muizenkooi_met_houten_muizen_(3).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Muizenkooi_met_houten_muizen_%283%29.JPG/220px-Muizenkooi_met_houten_muizen_%283%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Muizenkooi_met_houten_muizen_%283%29.JPG/330px-Muizenkooi_met_houten_muizen_%283%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Muizenkooi_met_houten_muizen_%283%29.JPG/440px-Muizenkooi_met_houten_muizen_%283%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>An individually ventilated and sealed cage for laboratory mice</figcaption></figure> Mice are the most commonly used mammalian laboratory animal, due to their relatively close relationship, and associated high <a href="/wiki/Homology_(biology)" title="Homology (biology)">homology</a>, with humans, their ease in maintenance and handling, and their high rate of reproduction. Laboratory mice typically belong to standardized inbred strains selected for the stability or clarity of specific harmful mutations. This allows research with laboratory mice to easily restrict genetic and biological variables, making them very useful model organisms in genetic and medicinal research.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a>Mice have been used in scientific research since the 1650s.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_folk_culture">In folk culture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: In folk culture">edit</a>]</div> Importance of mice as a house and agricultural pest resulted in a development of a variety of mouse-related rituals and stories in world's cultures. The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptians" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptians">Ancient Egyptians</a> had a story about "The mouse as <a href="/wiki/Vizier_(Ancient_Egypt)" title="Vizier (Ancient Egypt)">vizier</a>".<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Many <a href="/wiki/South_Slavs" title="South Slavs">South Slavs</a> had a traditional annual "Mouse Day" celebration. In the eastern Balkans (most of Bulgaria, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Torlakian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Torlakian dialect">Torlak</a> districts of <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>), the "Mouse Day" (<a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>: Миши ден, Мишин ден) was celebrated on October 9 of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a> (corresponds to October 27 of the Gregorian calendar in the 20th and 21st centuries), the next day after the feast of <a href="/wiki/Demetrius_of_Thessaloniki" title="Demetrius of Thessaloniki">Saint Demetrius</a>. In the western Balkans (<a href="/wiki/Bosnia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia">Bosnia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>), the Mouse Day would usually be celebrated in the spring, during the <a href="/wiki/Maslenitsa" title="Maslenitsa">Maslenitsa</a> week or early in the <a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mouse_brain" title="Mouse brain">Mouse brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myobia_musculi" title="Myobia musculi">Myobia musculi</a>, common <a href="/wiki/Mite" title="Mite">mite</a> found in fur of house mouse</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IUCN-1"><a href="#cite_ref-IUCN_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMusser,_G.Hutterer,_R.Kryštufek,_B.Yigit,_N.2021" class="citation journal cs1">Musser, G.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsainas, G. (2021) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/13972/197519724">"Mus musculus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a>. 2021: e.T13972A197519724. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T13972A197519724.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T13972A197519724.en</a>. Retrieved 17 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Mus+musculus&rft.volume=2021&rft.pages=e.T13972A197519724&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T13972A197519724.en&rft.au=Musser%2C+G.&rft.au=Hutterer%2C+R.&rft.au=Kry%C5%A1tufek%2C+B.&rft.au=Yigit%2C+N.&rft.au=Mitsainas%2C+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F13972%2F197519724&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lawal1-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lawal1_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lawal1_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawal2022" class="citation journal cs1">Lawal, R.A.; et al. (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9718808">"Taxonomic assessment of two wild house mouse subspecies using whole-genome sequencing"</a>. Scientific Reports. 12 (20866): 20866. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022NatSR..1220866L">2022NatSR..1220866L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-022-25420-x">10.1038/s41598-022-25420-x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9718808">9718808</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36460842">36460842</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.atitle=Taxonomic+assessment+of+two+wild+house+mouse+subspecies+using+whole-genome+sequencing&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=20866&rft.pages=20866&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9718808%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36460842&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41598-022-25420-x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2022NatSR..1220866L&rft.aulast=Lawal&rft.aufirst=R.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9718808&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gregory-3"><a href="#cite_ref-Gregory_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGregorySekhonScheinZhao2002" class="citation journal cs1">Gregory SG, Sekhon M, Schein J, Zhao S, Osoegawa K, Scott CE, et al. (August 2002). "A physical map of the mouse genome". Nature. 418 (6899): 743–50. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002Natur.418..743G">2002Natur.418..743G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature00957">10.1038/nature00957</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12181558">12181558</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4325788">4325788</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=A+physical+map+of+the+mouse+genome&rft.volume=418&rft.issue=6899&rft.pages=743-50&rft.date=2002-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature00957&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4325788%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12181558&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2002Natur.418..743G&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=SG&rft.au=Sekhon%2C+M&rft.au=Schein%2C+J&rft.au=Zhao%2C+S&rft.au=Osoegawa%2C+K&rft.au=Scott%2C+CE&rft.au=Evans%2C+RS&rft.au=Burridge%2C+PW&rft.au=Cox%2C+TV&rft.au=Fox%2C+CA&rft.au=Hutton%2C+RD&rft.au=Mullenger%2C+IR&rft.au=Phillips%2C+KJ&rft.au=Smith%2C+J&rft.au=Stalker%2C+J&rft.au=Threadgold%2C+GJ&rft.au=Birney%2C+E&rft.au=Wylie%2C+K&rft.au=Chinwalla%2C+A&rft.au=Wallis%2C+J&rft.au=Hillier%2C+L&rft.au=Carter%2C+J&rft.au=Gaige%2C+T&rft.au=Jaeger%2C+S&rft.au=Kremitzki%2C+C&rft.au=Layman%2C+D&rft.au=Maas%2C+J&rft.au=McGrane%2C+R&rft.au=Mead%2C+K&rft.au=Walker%2C+R&rft.au=Jones%2C+S&rft.au=Smith%2C+M&rft.au=Asano%2C+J&rft.au=Bosdet%2C+I&rft.au=Chan%2C+S&rft.au=Chittaranjan%2C+S&rft.au=Chiu%2C+R&rft.au=Fjell%2C+C&rft.au=Fuhrmann%2C+D&rft.au=Girn%2C+N&rft.au=Gray%2C+C&rft.au=Guin%2C+R&rft.au=Hsiao%2C+L&rft.au=Krzywinski%2C+M&rft.au=Kutsche%2C+R&rft.au=Lee%2C+SS&rft.au=Mathewson%2C+C&rft.au=McLeavy%2C+C&rft.au=Messervier%2C+S&rft.au=Ness%2C+S&rft.au=Pandoh%2C+P&rft.au=Prabhu%2C+AL&rft.au=Saeedi%2C+P&rft.au=Smailus%2C+D&rft.au=Spence%2C+L&rft.au=Stott%2C+J&rft.au=Taylor%2C+S&rft.au=Terpstra%2C+W&rft.au=Tsai%2C+M&rft.au=Vardy%2C+J&rft.au=Wye%2C+N&rft.au=Yang%2C+G&rft.au=Shatsman%2C+S&rft.au=Ayodeji%2C+B&rft.au=Geer%2C+K&rft.au=Tsegaye%2C+G&rft.au=Shvartsbeyn%2C+A&rft.au=Gebregeorgis%2C+E&rft.au=Krol%2C+M&rft.au=Russell%2C+D&rft.au=Overton%2C+L&rft.au=Malek%2C+JA&rft.au=Holmes%2C+M&rft.au=Heaney%2C+M&rft.au=Shetty%2C+J&rft.au=Feldblyum%2C+T&rft.au=Nierman%2C+WC&rft.au=Catanese%2C+JJ&rft.au=Hubbard%2C+T&rft.au=Waterston%2C+RH&rft.au=Rogers%2C+J&rft.au=de+Jong%2C+PJ&rft.au=Fraser%2C+CM&rft.au=Marra%2C+M&rft.au=McPherson%2C+JD&rft.au=Bentley%2C+DR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mouse_Genome_Sequencing_Consortium-4"><a href="#cite_ref-Mouse_Genome_Sequencing_Consortium_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaterstonLindblad-TohBirneyRogers2002" class="citation journal cs1">Waterston RH, Lindblad-Toh K, Birney E, Rogers J, Abril JF, Agarwal P, et al. (December 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature01262">"Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome"</a>. Nature. 420 (6915): 520–62. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002Natur.420..520W">2002Natur.420..520W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature01262">10.1038/nature01262</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12466850">12466850</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Initial+sequencing+and+comparative+analysis+of+the+mouse+genome&rft.volume=420&rft.issue=6915&rft.pages=520-62&rft.date=2002-12&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12466850&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature01262&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2002Natur.420..520W&rft.aulast=Waterston&rft.aufirst=RH&rft.au=Lindblad-Toh%2C+K&rft.au=Birney%2C+E&rft.au=Rogers%2C+J&rft.au=Abril%2C+JF&rft.au=Agarwal%2C+P&rft.au=Agarwala%2C+R&rft.au=Ainscough%2C+R&rft.au=Alexandersson%2C+M&rft.au=An%2C+P&rft.au=Antonarakis%2C+SE&rft.au=Attwood%2C+J&rft.au=Baertsch%2C+R&rft.au=Bailey%2C+J&rft.au=Barlow%2C+K&rft.au=Beck%2C+S&rft.au=Berry%2C+E&rft.au=Birren%2C+B&rft.au=Bloom%2C+T&rft.au=Bork%2C+P&rft.au=Botcherby%2C+M&rft.au=Bray%2C+N&rft.au=Brent%2C+MR&rft.au=Brown%2C+DG&rft.au=Brown%2C+SD&rft.au=Bult%2C+C&rft.au=Burton%2C+J&rft.au=Butler%2C+J&rft.au=Campbell%2C+RD&rft.au=Carninci%2C+P&rft.au=Cawley%2C+S&rft.au=Chiaromonte%2C+F&rft.au=Chinwalla%2C+AT&rft.au=Church%2C+DM&rft.au=Clamp%2C+M&rft.au=Clee%2C+C&rft.au=Collins%2C+FS&rft.au=Cook%2C+LL&rft.au=Copley%2C+RR&rft.au=Coulson%2C+A&rft.au=Couronne%2C+O&rft.au=Cuff%2C+J&rft.au=Curwen%2C+V&rft.au=Cutts%2C+T&rft.au=Daly%2C+M&rft.au=David%2C+R&rft.au=Davies%2C+J&rft.au=Delehaunty%2C+KD&rft.au=Deri%2C+J&rft.au=Dermitzakis%2C+ET&rft.au=Dewey%2C+C&rft.au=Dickens%2C+NJ&rft.au=Diekhans%2C+M&rft.au=Dodge%2C+S&rft.au=Dubchak%2C+I&rft.au=Dunn%2C+DM&rft.au=Eddy%2C+SR&rft.au=Elnitski%2C+L&rft.au=Emes%2C+RD&rft.au=Eswara%2C+P&rft.au=Eyras%2C+E&rft.au=Felsenfeld%2C+A&rft.au=Fewell%2C+GA&rft.au=Flicek%2C+P&rft.au=Foley%2C+K&rft.au=Frankel%2C+WN&rft.au=Fulton%2C+LA&rft.au=Fulton%2C+RS&rft.au=Furey%2C+TS&rft.au=Gage%2C+D&rft.au=Gibbs%2C+RA&rft.au=Glusman%2C+G&rft.au=Gnerre%2C+S&rft.au=Goldman%2C+N&rft.au=Goodstadt%2C+L&rft.au=Grafham%2C+D&rft.au=Graves%2C+TA&rft.au=Green%2C+ED&rft.au=Gregory%2C+S&rft.au=Guig%C3%B3%2C+R&rft.au=Guyer%2C+M&rft.au=Hardison%2C+RC&rft.au=Haussler%2C+D&rft.au=Hayashizaki%2C+Y&rft.au=Hillier%2C+LW&rft.au=Hinrichs%2C+A&rft.au=Hlavina%2C+W&rft.au=Holzer%2C+T&rft.au=Hsu%2C+F&rft.au=Hua%2C+A&rft.au=Hubbard%2C+T&rft.au=Hunt%2C+A&rft.au=Jackson%2C+I&rft.au=Jaffe%2C+DB&rft.au=Johnson%2C+LS&rft.au=Jones%2C+M&rft.au=Jones%2C+TA&rft.au=Joy%2C+A&rft.au=Kamal%2C+M&rft.au=Karlsson%2C+EK&rft.au=Karolchik%2C+D&rft.au=Kasprzyk%2C+A&rft.au=Kawai%2C+J&rft.au=Keibler%2C+E&rft.au=Kells%2C+C&rft.au=Kent%2C+WJ&rft.au=Kirby%2C+A&rft.au=Kolbe%2C+DL&rft.au=Korf%2C+I&rft.au=Kucherlapati%2C+RS&rft.au=Kulbokas%2C+EJ&rft.au=Kulp%2C+D&rft.au=Landers%2C+T&rft.au=Leger%2C+JP&rft.au=Leonard%2C+S&rft.au=Letunic%2C+I&rft.au=Levine%2C+R&rft.au=Li%2C+J&rft.au=Li%2C+M&rft.au=Lloyd%2C+C&rft.au=Lucas%2C+S&rft.au=Ma%2C+B&rft.au=Maglott%2C+DR&rft.au=Mardis%2C+ER&rft.au=Matthews%2C+L&rft.au=Mauceli%2C+E&rft.au=Mayer%2C+JH&rft.au=McCarthy%2C+M&rft.au=McCombie%2C+WR&rft.au=McLaren%2C+S&rft.au=McLay%2C+K&rft.au=McPherson%2C+JD&rft.au=Meldrim%2C+J&rft.au=Meredith%2C+B&rft.au=Mesirov%2C+JP&rft.au=Miller%2C+W&rft.au=Miner%2C+TL&rft.au=Mongin%2C+E&rft.au=Montgomery%2C+KT&rft.au=Morgan%2C+M&rft.au=Mott%2C+R&rft.au=Mullikin%2C+JC&rft.au=Muzny%2C+DM&rft.au=Nash%2C+WE&rft.au=Nelson%2C+JO&rft.au=Nhan%2C+MN&rft.au=Nicol%2C+R&rft.au=Ning%2C+Z&rft.au=Nusbaum%2C+C&rft.au=O%27Connor%2C+MJ&rft.au=Okazaki%2C+Y&rft.au=Oliver%2C+K&rft.au=Overton-Larty%2C+E&rft.au=Pachter%2C+L&rft.au=Parra%2C+G&rft.au=Pepin%2C+KH&rft.au=Peterson%2C+J&rft.au=Pevzner%2C+P&rft.au=Plumb%2C+R&rft.au=Pohl%2C+CS&rft.au=Poliakov%2C+A&rft.au=Ponce%2C+TC&rft.au=Ponting%2C+CP&rft.au=Potter%2C+S&rft.au=Quail%2C+M&rft.au=Reymond%2C+A&rft.au=Roe%2C+BA&rft.au=Roskin%2C+KM&rft.au=Rubin%2C+EM&rft.au=Rust%2C+AG&rft.au=Santos%2C+R&rft.au=Sapojnikov%2C+V&rft.au=Schultz%2C+B&rft.au=Schultz%2C+J&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+MS&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+S&rft.au=Scott%2C+C&rft.au=Seaman%2C+S&rft.au=Searle%2C+S&rft.au=Sharpe%2C+T&rft.au=Sheridan%2C+A&rft.au=Shownkeen%2C+R&rft.au=Sims%2C+S&rft.au=Singer%2C+JB&rft.au=Slater%2C+G&rft.au=Smit%2C+A&rft.au=Smith%2C+DR&rft.au=Spencer%2C+B&rft.au=Stabenau%2C+A&rft.au=Stange-Thomann%2C+N&rft.au=Sugnet%2C+C&rft.au=Suyama%2C+M&rft.au=Tesler%2C+G&rft.au=Thompson%2C+J&rft.au=Torrents%2C+D&rft.au=Trevaskis%2C+E&rft.au=Tromp%2C+J&rft.au=Ucla%2C+C&rft.au=Ureta-Vidal%2C+A&rft.au=Vinson%2C+JP&rft.au=Von+Niederhausern%2C+AC&rft.au=Wade%2C+CM&rft.au=Wall%2C+M&rft.au=Weber%2C+RJ&rft.au=Weiss%2C+RB&rft.au=Wendl%2C+MC&rft.au=West%2C+AP&rft.au=Wetterstrand%2C+K&rft.au=Wheeler%2C+R&rft.au=Whelan%2C+S&rft.au=Wierzbowski%2C+J&rft.au=Willey%2C+D&rft.au=Williams%2C+S&rft.au=Wilson%2C+RK&rft.au=Winter%2C+E&rft.au=Worley%2C+KC&rft.au=Wyman%2C+D&rft.au=Yang%2C+S&rft.au=Yang%2C+SP&rft.au=Zdobnov%2C+EM&rft.au=Zody%2C+MC&rft.au=Lander%2C+ES&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fnature01262&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Berry1970-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Berry1970_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berry1970_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berry1970_5-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerry,_R.J.1970" class="citation journal cs1">Berry, R.J. (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.field-studies-council.org/resources/field-studies-journal/the-natural-history-of-the-house-mouse/">"The natural history of the house mouse"</a>. Field Studies. 3: 219–62. Retrieved 18 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Field+Studies&rft.atitle=The+natural+history+of+the+house+mouse&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=219-62&rft.date=1970&rft.au=Berry%2C+R.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.field-studies-council.org%2Fresources%2Ffield-studies-journal%2Fthe-natural-history-of-the-house-mouse%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBakerBodmanTimm1994" class="citation book cs1">Baker RO, Bodman GR, Timm RM (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdmhandbook/27/">"Rodent-Proof Construction and Exclusion Methods"</a>. In Hygnstrom SE, Timm RM, Larson GE (eds.). Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage. University of Nebraska-Lincoln.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rodent-Proof+Construction+and+Exclusion+Methods&rft.btitle=Prevention+and+Control+of+Wildlife+Damage&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska-Lincoln&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=RO&rft.au=Bodman%2C+GR&rft.au=Timm%2C+RM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.unl.edu%2Ficwdmhandbook%2F27%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-lyneborg-7"><a href="#cite_ref-lyneborg_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLyneborg,_L.1971" class="citation book cs1">Lyneborg, L. (1971). Mammals of Europe. Blandford Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mammals+of+Europe&rft.pub=Blandford+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.au=Lyneborg%2C+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-lawrence-8"><a href="#cite_ref-lawrence_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrenceBrown1974" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence MJ, Brown RW (1974). Mammals of Britain Their Tracks, Trails and Signs. Blandford Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mammals+of+Britain+Their+Tracks%2C+Trails+and+Signs&rft.pub=Blandford+Press&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.au=Brown%2C+RW&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHotchkissVandenbergh2005" class="citation journal cs1">Hotchkiss AK, Vandenbergh JG (July 2005). "The anogenital distance index of mice (Mus musculus domesticus): an analysis". Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science. 44 (4): 46–8. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16050669">16050669</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contemporary+Topics+in+Laboratory+Animal+Science&rft.atitle=The+anogenital+distance+index+of+mice+%28Mus+musculus+domesticus%29%3A+an+analysis&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=46-8&rft.date=2005-07&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16050669&rft.aulast=Hotchkiss&rft.aufirst=AK&rft.au=Vandenbergh%2C+JG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mayer_et_al-10"><a href="#cite_ref-Mayer_et_al_10-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayerFoleyDe_La_CruzChuong2008" class="citation journal cs1">Mayer JA, Foley J, De La Cruz D, <a href="/wiki/Cheng-Ming_Chuong" title="Cheng-Ming Chuong">Chuong CM</a>, Widelitz R (November 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2570124">"Conversion of the nipple to hair-bearing epithelia by lowering bone morphogenetic protein pathway activity at the dermal-epidermal interface"</a>. The American Journal of Pathology. 173 (5): 1339–48. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2353%2Fajpath.2008.070920">10.2353/ajpath.2008.070920</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2570124">2570124</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18832580">18832580</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Pathology&rft.atitle=Conversion+of+the+nipple+to+hair-bearing+epithelia+by+lowering+bone+morphogenetic+protein+pathway+activity+at+the+dermal-epidermal+interface&rft.volume=173&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1339-48&rft.date=2008-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2570124%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18832580&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2353%2Fajpath.2008.070920&rft.aulast=Mayer&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.au=Foley%2C+J&rft.au=De+La+Cruz%2C+D&rft.au=Chuong%2C+CM&rft.au=Widelitz%2C+R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2570124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreene,_Eunice_Chace1935" class="citation journal cs1">Greene, Eunice Chace (1935). "Anatomy of the Rat". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society Held at Philadelphia for Promoting Useful Knowledge. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 27. American Philosophical Society: iii–370. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1005513">10.2307/1005513</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1005513">1005513</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/685221899">685221899</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+American+Philosophical+Society+Held+at+Philadelphia+for+Promoting+Useful+Knowledge&rft.atitle=Anatomy+of+the+Rat&rft.volume=27&rft.pages=iii-370&rft.date=1935&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F685221899&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1005513%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1005513&rft.au=Greene%2C+Eunice+Chace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Siegel-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Siegel_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Siegel_12-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiegel,_Michael_I.1970" class="citation journal cs1">Siegel, Michael I. (1970). "The tail, locomotion and balance in mice". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 33: 101–2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fajpa.1330330113">10.1002/ajpa.1330330113</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Physical+Anthropology&rft.atitle=The+tail%2C+locomotion+and+balance+in+mice&rft.volume=33&rft.pages=101-2&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fajpa.1330330113&rft.au=Siegel%2C+Michael+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuckCWTolmanTolman1925" class="citation journal cs1">Buck, CW, Tolman N, Tolman, W (November 1925). "The Tail as a Balancing Organ in Mice". Journal of Mammalogy. 6 (4): 267–71. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1373415">10.2307/1373415</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1373415">1373415</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mammalogy&rft.atitle=The+Tail+as+a+Balancing+Organ+in+Mice&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=267-71&rft.date=1925-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1373415&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1373415%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Buck&rft.au=CW&rft.au=Tolman%2C+N&rft.au=Tolman&rft.au=W&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nociception-14"><a href="#cite_ref-Nociception_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLe_BarsGozariuCadden2001" class="citation journal cs1">Le Bars D, Gozariu M, Cadden SW (December 2001). "Animal models of nociception". Pharmacological Reviews. 53 (4): 597–652. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11734620">11734620</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacological+Reviews&rft.atitle=Animal+models+of+nociception&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=597-652&rft.date=2001-12&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11734620&rft.aulast=Le+Bars&rft.aufirst=D&rft.au=Gozariu%2C+M&rft.au=Cadden%2C+SW&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrickamer,_Lee_C.2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Drickamer, Lee C. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PQphdAd9KKcC&pg=PA157">"Use of the tail for communication in house mice"</a>. In Víctor, Sánchez-Cordero; Medellin, Rodrigo A. (eds.). Contribuciones mastozoológicas en homenaje a Bernardo Villa [Mammal Collection in Honor of Bernardo Villa] (in Spanish). UNAM. pp. 157–62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-970-32-2603-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-970-32-2603-0"><bdi>978-970-32-2603-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Use+of+the+tail+for+communication+in+house+mice&rft.btitle=Contribuciones+mastozool%C3%B3gicas+en+homenaje+a+Bernardo+Villa&rft.pages=157-62&rft.pub=UNAM&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-970-32-2603-0&rft.au=Drickamer%2C+Lee+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPQphdAd9KKcC%26pg%3DPA157&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Terszowski-16"><a href="#cite_ref-Terszowski_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTerszowskiMüllerBleulBlum2006" class="citation journal cs1">Terszowski G, Müller SM, Bleul CC, Blum C, Schirmbeck R, Reimann J, Pasquier LD, Amagai T, Boehm T, Rodewald HR (April 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1123497">"Evidence for a functional second thymus in mice"</a>. Science. 312 (5771): 284–7. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Sci...312..284T">2006Sci...312..284T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1123497">10.1126/science.1123497</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16513945">16513945</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24553384">24553384</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+a+functional+second+thymus+in+mice&rft.volume=312&rft.issue=5771&rft.pages=284-7&rft.date=2006-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1123497&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A24553384%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16513945&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006Sci...312..284T&rft.aulast=Terszowski&rft.aufirst=G&rft.au=M%C3%BCller%2C+SM&rft.au=Bleul%2C+CC&rft.au=Blum%2C+C&rft.au=Schirmbeck%2C+R&rft.au=Reimann%2C+J&rft.au=Pasquier%2C+LD&rft.au=Amagai%2C+T&rft.au=Boehm%2C+T&rft.au=Rodewald%2C+HR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1126%252Fscience.1123497&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell-Jones_A.J.Amori_G.Bogdanowicz_W.Kryštufek_B.1999" class="citation book cs1">Mitchell-Jones A.J.; Amori G.; Bogdanowicz W.; Kryštufek B.; Reijnders PJH; Spitzenberger F.; Stubbe M; Thissen JBM; Vohralík V.; Zima J. (1999). The Atlas of European Mammals. T. & A. D. Poyser. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85661-130-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85661-130-8"><bdi>978-0-85661-130-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Atlas+of+European+Mammals&rft.pub=T.+%26+A.+D.+Poyser&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-85661-130-8&rft.au=Mitchell-Jones+A.J.&rft.au=Amori+G.&rft.au=Bogdanowicz+W.&rft.au=Kry%C5%A1tufek+B.&rft.au=Reijnders+PJH&rft.au=Spitzenberger+F.&rft.au=Stubbe+M&rft.au=Thissen+JBM&rft.au=Vohral%C3%ADk+V.&rft.au=Zima+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-MusserCarleton2005-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MusserCarleton2005_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MusserCarleton2005_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MusserCarleton2005_18-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMusser,_Guy_G.Carleton,_Michael_D.2005" class="citation book cs1">Musser, Guy G.; Carleton, Michael D. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA894">"Superfamily Muroidea"</a>. In Wilson, Don E.; Reeder, DeeAnn M. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bucknell.edu/msw3">Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference</a> (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 894–1531. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0"><bdi>978-0-8018-8221-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Superfamily+Muroidea&rft.btitle=Mammal+Species+of+the+World%3A+A+Taxonomic+and+Geographic+Reference&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pages=894-1531&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-8221-0&rft.au=Musser%2C+Guy+G.&rft.au=Carleton%2C+Michael+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJgAMbNSt8ikC%26pg%3DPA894&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPragerOrregoSage1998" class="citation journal cs1">Prager EM, Orrego C, Sage RD (October 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1460354">"Genetic variation and phylogeography of central Asian and other house mice, including a major new mitochondrial lineage in Yemen"</a>. Genetics. 150 (2): 835–61. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgenetics%2F150.2.835">10.1093/genetics/150.2.835</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1460354">1460354</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9755213">9755213</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genetics&rft.atitle=Genetic+variation+and+phylogeography+of+central+Asian+and+other+house+mice%2C+including+a+major+new+mitochondrial+lineage+in+Yemen&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=835-61&rft.date=1998-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1460354%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9755213&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgenetics%2F150.2.835&rft.aulast=Prager&rft.aufirst=EM&rft.au=Orrego%2C+C&rft.au=Sage%2C+RD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1460354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurnerHarr2014" class="citation journal cs1">Turner, Leslie M; Harr, Bettina (9 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4359376">"Genome-wide mapping in a house mouse hybrid zone reveals hybrid sterility loci and Dobzhansky-Muller interactions"</a>. eLife. 3: e02504. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7554%2FeLife.02504.001">10.7554/eLife.02504.001</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11858%2F00-001M-0000-0024-5B29-0">11858/00-001M-0000-0024-5B29-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4359376">4359376</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25487987">25487987</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=eLife&rft.atitle=Genome-wide+mapping+in+a+house+mouse+hybrid+zone+reveals+hybrid+sterility+loci+and+Dobzhansky-Muller+interactions&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=e02504&rft.date=2014-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4359376%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25487987&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11858%2F00-001M-0000-0024-5B29-0&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7554%2FeLife.02504.001&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Leslie+M&rft.au=Harr%2C+Bettina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4359376&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForejt1996" class="citation journal cs1">Forejt, Jiří (October 1996). "Hybrid sterility in the mouse". Trends in Genetics. 12 (10): 412–417. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0168-9525%2896%2910040-8">10.1016/0168-9525(96)10040-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8909138">8909138</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Genetics&rft.atitle=Hybrid+sterility+in+the+mouse&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=412-417&rft.date=1996-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0168-9525%2896%2910040-8&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8909138&rft.aulast=Forejt&rft.aufirst=Ji%C5%99%C3%AD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dispersal-22"><a href="#cite_ref-Dispersal_22-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaichanMercierGalalMahittikorn2017" class="citation journal cs1">Chaichan, P.; Mercier, A.; Galal, L.; Mahittikorn, A.; Ariey, F.; Morand, S.; Boumédiène, F.; Udonsom, R.; Hamidovic, A.; Murat, J.B.; Sukthana, Y.; Dardé, M.L. (2017). "Geographical distribution of Toxoplasma gondii genotypes in Asia: A link with neighboring continents". <a href="/wiki/Infection,_Genetics_and_Evolution" title="Infection, Genetics and Evolution">Infection, Genetics and Evolution</a>. 53. <a href="/wiki/Elsevier_BV" class="mw-redirect" title="Elsevier BV">Elsevier BV</a>: 227–238. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017InfGE..53..227C">2017InfGE..53..227C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.meegid.2017.06.002">10.1016/j.meegid.2017.06.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1567-1348">1567-1348</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28583867">28583867</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4698999">4698999</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection%2C+Genetics+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=Geographical+distribution+of+Toxoplasma+gondii+genotypes+in+Asia%3A+A+link+with+neighboring+continents&rft.volume=53&rft.pages=227-238&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4698999%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017InfGE..53..227C&rft.issn=1567-1348&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.meegid.2017.06.002&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28583867&rft.aulast=Chaichan&rft.aufirst=P.&rft.au=Mercier%2C+A.&rft.au=Galal%2C+L.&rft.au=Mahittikorn%2C+A.&rft.au=Ariey%2C+F.&rft.au=Morand%2C+S.&rft.au=Boum%C3%A9di%C3%A8ne%2C+F.&rft.au=Udonsom%2C+R.&rft.au=Hamidovic%2C+A.&rft.au=Murat%2C+J.B.&rft.au=Sukthana%2C+Y.&rft.au=Dard%C3%A9%2C+M.L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> <dl><dd>This review cites this research.</dd> <dd></dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuzukiNunomeKinoshitaAplin2013" class="citation journal cs1">Suzuki, H.; Nunome, M.; Kinoshita, G.; Aplin, K. P.; Vogel, P.; Kryukov, A. P.; Jin, M-L; Han, S-H; Maryanto, I.; Tsuchiya, K.; Ikeda, H.; Shiroishi, T.; Yonekawa, H.; Moriwaki, K. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3806020">"Evolutionary and dispersal history of Eurasian house mice Mus musculus clarified by more extensive geographic sampling of mitochondrial DNA"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Heredity_(journal)" title="Heredity (journal)">Heredity</a>. 111 (5). <a href="/wiki/Nature_Portfolio" title="Nature Portfolio">Nature Portfolio</a>: 375–390. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fhdy.2013.60">10.1038/hdy.2013.60</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0018-067X">0018-067X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3806020">3806020</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23820581">23820581</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25657111">25657111</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Genetics_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetics Society">Genetics Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Heredity&rft.atitle=Evolutionary+and+dispersal+history+of+Eurasian+house+mice+Mus+musculus+clarified+by+more+extensive+geographic+sampling+of+mitochondrial+DNA&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=375-390&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3806020%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A25657111%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fhdy.2013.60&rft.issn=0018-067X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23820581&rft.aulast=Suzuki&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=Nunome%2C+M.&rft.au=Kinoshita%2C+G.&rft.au=Aplin%2C+K.+P.&rft.au=Vogel%2C+P.&rft.au=Kryukov%2C+A.+P.&rft.au=Jin%2C+M-L&rft.au=Han%2C+S-H&rft.au=Maryanto%2C+I.&rft.au=Tsuchiya%2C+K.&rft.au=Ikeda%2C+H.&rft.au=Shiroishi%2C+T.&rft.au=Yonekawa%2C+H.&rft.au=Moriwaki%2C+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3806020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"></dd></dl> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lawal2-23"><a href="#cite_ref-Lawal2_23-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawalDumont2023" class="citation journal cs1">Lawal, R.A.; Dumont, B.L. (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1101%2F2023.11.09.566486">"Ancestral variation and its impact on wild house mouse genomes"</a>. bioRxiv. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1101%2F2023.11.09.566486">10.1101/2023.11.09.566486</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=bioRxiv&rft.atitle=Ancestral+variation+and+its+impact+on+wild+house+mouse+genomes&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1101%2F2023.11.09.566486&rft.aulast=Lawal&rft.aufirst=R.A.&rft.au=Dumont%2C+B.L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1101%252F2023.11.09.566486&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHilscher-Conklin,_Caryl1998" class="citation web cs1">Hilscher-Conklin, Caryl (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rmca.org/Articles/coprophagy.htm">"Rattus Biologicus: Coprophagy: Healthy Behavior For Your Rats"</a>. Rat & Mouse Gazette.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rat+%26+Mouse+Gazette&rft.atitle=Rattus+Biologicus%3A+Coprophagy%3A+Healthy+Behavior+For+Your+Rats&rft.date=1998&rft.au=Hilscher-Conklin%2C+Caryl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rmca.org%2FArticles%2Fcoprophagy.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHornKimballWangKaus2013" class="citation journal cs1">Horn CC, Kimball BA, Wang H, Kaus J, Dienel S, Nagy A, Gathright GR, Yates BJ, Andrews PL (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3622671">"Why can't rodents vomit? A comparative behavioral, anatomical, and physiological study"</a>. PLOS ONE. 8 (4): e60537. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PLoSO...860537H">2013PLoSO...860537H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0060537">10.1371/journal.pone.0060537</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3622671">3622671</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23593236">23593236</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Why+can%27t+rodents+vomit%3F+A+comparative+behavioral%2C+anatomical%2C+and+physiological+study&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=e60537&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3622671%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23593236&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0060537&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013PLoSO...860537H&rft.aulast=Horn&rft.aufirst=CC&rft.au=Kimball%2C+BA&rft.au=Wang%2C+H&rft.au=Kaus%2C+J&rft.au=Dienel%2C+S&rft.au=Nagy%2C+A&rft.au=Gathright%2C+GR&rft.au=Yates%2C+BJ&rft.au=Andrews%2C+PL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3622671&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_Q._Choi2013" class="citation news cs1">Charles Q. Choi (April 16, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livescience.com/28764-rodents-inability-to-vomit.html">"Why Woodchucks Don't Upchuck"</a>. Live Science.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Live+Science&rft.atitle=Why+Woodchucks+Don%27t+Upchuck&rft.date=2013-04-16&rft.au=Charles+Q.+Choi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livescience.com%2F28764-rodents-inability-to-vomit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTattersall,_Françoise_H.Smith,_R._H.Nowell,_F.1997" class="citation journal cs1">Tattersall, Françoise H.; Smith, R. H.; Nowell, F. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftfrsu621997deut#page/350/mode/2up">"Experimental colonisation of contrasting habitats by house mice"</a>. Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde. 62 (6): 350–8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+S%C3%A4ugetierkunde&rft.atitle=Experimental+colonisation+of+contrasting+habitats+by+house+mice&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=350-8&rft.date=1997&rft.au=Tattersall%2C+Fran%C3%A7oise+H.&rft.au=Smith%2C+R.+H.&rft.au=Nowell%2C+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fzeitschriftfrsu621997deut%23page%2F350%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoro,_DorianMorris,_Keith2000" class="citation journal cs1">Moro, Dorian; Morris, Keith (2000). "Movements and refugia of Lakeland Downs short-tailed mice, Leggadina lakedownensis, and house mice, Mus domesticus, on Thevenard Island, Western Australia". Wildlife Research. 27 (1): 11–20. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1071%2FWR99016">10.1071/WR99016</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wildlife+Research&rft.atitle=Movements+and+refugia+of+Lakeland+Downs+short-tailed+mice%2C+Leggadina+lakedownensis%2C+and+house+mice%2C+Mus+domesticus%2C+on+Thevenard+Island%2C+Western+Australia&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=11-20&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1071%2FWR99016&rft.au=Moro%2C+Dorian&rft.au=Morris%2C+Keith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frynta-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Frynta_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frynta_28-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frynta_28-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frynta_28-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frynta_28-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frynta_28-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frynta_28-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrynta,_DanielSlábová,_MarkétaVáchová,_HanaVolfová,_Radka2005" class="citation journal cs1">Frynta, Daniel; Slábová, Markéta; Váchová, Hana; Volfová, Radka; Munclinger, Pavel (2005). "Aggression and commensalism in house mouse: A comparative study across Europe and the near east". Aggressive Behavior. 31 (3): 283–93. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fab.15555">10.1002/ab.15555</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aggressive+Behavior&rft.atitle=Aggression+and+commensalism+in+house+mouse%3A+A+comparative+study+across+Europe+and+the+near+east&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=283-93&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fab.15555&rft.au=Frynta%2C+Daniel&rft.au=Sl%C3%A1bov%C3%A1%2C+Mark%C3%A9ta&rft.au=V%C3%A1chov%C3%A1%2C+Hana&rft.au=Volfov%C3%A1%2C+Radka&rft.au=Munclinger%2C+Pavel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gray-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gray_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gray_29-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gray_29-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gray_29-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray,_Samantha_JHurst,_Jane_L1997" class="citation journal cs1">Gray, Samantha J; Hurst, Jane L (1997). "Behavioural mechanisms underlying the spatial dispersion of commensal Mus domesticus and grassland Mus spretus". Animal Behaviour. 53 (3): 511–24. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fanbe.1996.0301">10.1006/anbe.1996.0301</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54989751">54989751</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Behaviour&rft.atitle=Behavioural+mechanisms+underlying+the+spatial+dispersion+of+commensal+Mus+domesticus+and+grassland+Mus+spretus&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=511-24&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fanbe.1996.0301&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A54989751%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Gray%2C+Samantha+J&rft.au=Hurst%2C+Jane+L&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolff,_Robert_J.1985" class="citation journal cs1">Wolff, Robert J. (1985). "Mating behaviour and female choice: Their relation to social structure in wild caught House mice (Mus musculus) housed in a semi-natural environment". Journal of Zoology. 207: 43–51. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1469-7998.1985.tb04914.x">10.1111/j.1469-7998.1985.tb04914.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Zoology&rft.atitle=Mating+behaviour+and+female+choice%3A+Their+relation+to+social+structure+in+wild+caught+House+mice+%28Mus+musculus%29+housed+in+a+semi-natural+environment&rft.volume=207&rft.pages=43-51&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1469-7998.1985.tb04914.x&rft.au=Wolff%2C+Robert+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Szenczi-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Szenczi_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Szenczi_31-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzencziBánszegiGroóAltbäcker2012" class="citation journal cs1">Szenczi P, Bánszegi O, Groó Z, Altbäcker V (2012). "Development of the social behavior of two mice species with contrasting social systems". Aggressive Behavior. 38 (4): 288–97. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fab.21431">10.1002/ab.21431</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25363698">25363698</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aggressive+Behavior&rft.atitle=Development+of+the+social+behavior+of+two+mice+species+with+contrasting+social+systems&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=288-97&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fab.21431&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25363698&rft.aulast=Szenczi&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=B%C3%A1nszegi%2C+O&rft.au=Gro%C3%B3%2C+Z&rft.au=Altb%C3%A4cker%2C+V&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dobson-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dobson_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dobson_32-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDobson,_F_StephenBaudoin,_Claude2002" class="citation journal cs1">Dobson, F Stephen; Baudoin, Claude (2002). "Experimental tests of spatial association and kinship in monogamous mice (Mus spicilegus) and polygynous mice (Mus musculus domesticus)". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 80 (6): 980–6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1139%2Fz02-055">10.1139/z02-055</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Zoology&rft.atitle=Experimental+tests+of+spatial+association+and+kinship+in+monogamous+mice+%28Mus+spicilegus%29+and+polygynous+mice+%28Mus+musculus+domesticus%29&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=980-6&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1139%2Fz02-055&rft.au=Dobson%2C+F+Stephen&rft.au=Baudoin%2C+Claude&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerlach,_Gabriele1996" class="citation journal cs1">Gerlach, Gabriele (1996). "Emigration mechanisms in feral house mice - a laboratory investigation of the influence of social structure, population density, and aggression". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 39 (3): 159–70. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs002650050277">10.1007/s002650050277</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4601248">4601248</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/299796761">299796761</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24161932">24161932</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behavioral+Ecology+and+Sociobiology&rft.atitle=Emigration+mechanisms+in+feral+house+mice+-+a+laboratory+investigation+of+the+influence+of+social+structure%2C+population+density%2C+and+aggression&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=159-70&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F299796761&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A24161932%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4601248%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs002650050277&rft.au=Gerlach%2C+Gabriele&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smee2007-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smee2007_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smee2007_34-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOdling_Smee,_Lucy2007" class="citation journal cs1">Odling Smee, Lucy (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnews070319-12">"Mice made to see a rainbow of colours"</a>. News@nature. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnews070319-12">10.1038/news070319-12</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/605144848">605144848</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:211729271">211729271</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News%40nature&rft.atitle=Mice+made+to+see+a+rainbow+of+colours&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F605144848&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A211729271%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnews070319-12&rft.au=Odling+Smee%2C+Lucy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fnews070319-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Calderone_and_Jacobs,_(1995)-35"><a href="#cite_ref-Calderone_and_Jacobs,_(1995)_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalderoneJacobs2009" class="citation journal cs1">Calderone JB, Jacobs GH (2009). "Regional variations in the relative sensitivity to UV light in the mouse retina". Visual Neuroscience. 12 (3): 463–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0952523800008361">10.1017/s0952523800008361</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7654604">7654604</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:45068446">45068446</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Visual+Neuroscience&rft.atitle=Regional+variations+in+the+relative+sensitivity+to+UV+light+in+the+mouse+retina&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=463-8&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A45068446%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7654604&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0952523800008361&rft.aulast=Calderone&rft.aufirst=JB&rft.au=Jacobs%2C+GH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yokohyama_and_Shi,_(2000)-36"><a href="#cite_ref-Yokohyama_and_Shi,_(2000)_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYokoyamaShi2000" class="citation journal cs1">Yokoyama S, Shi Y (December 2000). "Genetics and evolution of ultraviolet vision in vertebrates". FEBS Letters. 486 (2): 167–72. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000FEBSL.486..167Y">2000FEBSL.486..167Y</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0014-5793%2800%2902269-9">10.1016/s0014-5793(00)02269-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11113460">11113460</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:28891403">28891403</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEBS+Letters&rft.atitle=Genetics+and+evolution+of+ultraviolet+vision+in+vertebrates&rft.volume=486&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=167-72&rft.date=2000-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0014-5793%2800%2902269-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A28891403%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11113460&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2000FEBSL.486..167Y&rft.aulast=Yokoyama&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Shi%2C+Y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Neitz_and_Neitz,_(2001)-37"><a href="#cite_ref-Neitz_and_Neitz,_(2001)_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeitzNeitz2001" class="citation journal cs1">Neitz M, Neitz J (May 2001). "The uncommon retina of the common house mouse". Trends in Neurosciences. 24 (5): 248–50. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0166-2236%2800%2901773-2">10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01773-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11311361">11311361</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:3756078">3756078</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Neurosciences&rft.atitle=The+uncommon+retina+of+the+common+house+mouse&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=248-50&rft.date=2001-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A3756078%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11311361&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0166-2236%2800%2901773-2&rft.aulast=Neitz&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Neitz%2C+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimotoHagaSatoTouhara2005" class="citation journal cs1">Kimoto H, Haga S, Sato K, Touhara K (October 2005). "Sex-specific peptides from exocrine glands stimulate mouse vomeronasal sensory neurons". Nature. 437 (7060): 898–901. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005Natur.437..898K">2005Natur.437..898K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature04033">10.1038/nature04033</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16208374">16208374</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4388164">4388164</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Sex-specific+peptides+from+exocrine+glands+stimulate+mouse+vomeronasal+sensory+neurons&rft.volume=437&rft.issue=7060&rft.pages=898-901&rft.date=2005-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature04033&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4388164%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16208374&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005Natur.437..898K&rft.aulast=Kimoto&rft.aufirst=H&rft.au=Haga%2C+S&rft.au=Sato%2C+K&rft.au=Touhara%2C+K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChameroMartonLoganFlanagan2007" class="citation journal cs1">Chamero P, Marton TF, Logan DW, Flanagan K, Cruz JR, Saghatelian A, Cravatt BF, Stowers L (December 2007). "Identification of protein pheromones that promote aggressive behaviour". Nature. 450 (7171): 899–902. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007Natur.450..899C">2007Natur.450..899C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature05997">10.1038/nature05997</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18064011">18064011</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4398766">4398766</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Identification+of+protein+pheromones+that+promote+aggressive+behaviour&rft.volume=450&rft.issue=7171&rft.pages=899-902&rft.date=2007-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature05997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4398766%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18064011&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007Natur.450..899C&rft.aulast=Chamero&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Marton%2C+TF&rft.au=Logan%2C+DW&rft.au=Flanagan%2C+K&rft.au=Cruz%2C+JR&rft.au=Saghatelian%2C+A&rft.au=Cravatt%2C+BF&rft.au=Stowers%2C+L&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAchiramanArchunan2002" class="citation journal cs1">Achiraman S, Archunan G (December 2002). "Characterization of urinary volatiles in Swiss male mice (Mus musculus): bioassay of identified compounds". Journal of Biosciences. 27 (7): 679–86. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02708376">10.1007/BF02708376</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12571373">12571373</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8533630">8533630</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biosciences&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+urinary+volatiles+in+Swiss+male+mice+%28Mus+musculus%29%3A+bioassay+of+identified+compounds&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=679-86&rft.date=2002-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A8533630%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12571373&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02708376&rft.aulast=Achiraman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Archunan%2C+G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rauschecker_et_al.,_(1992)-41"><a href="#cite_ref-Rauschecker_et_al.,_(1992)_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRauscheckerTianKorteEgert1992" class="citation journal cs1">Rauschecker JP, Tian B, Korte M, Egert U (June 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC49229">"Crossmodal changes in the somatosensory vibrissa/barrel system of visually deprived animals"</a>. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 89 (11): 5063–7. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992PNAS...89.5063R">1992PNAS...89.5063R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.89.11.5063">10.1073/pnas.89.11.5063</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2359588">2359588</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC49229">49229</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1594614">1594614</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Crossmodal+changes+in+the+somatosensory+vibrissa%2Fbarrel+system+of+visually+deprived+animals&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=5063-7&rft.date=1992-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC49229%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2359588%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1992PNAS...89.5063R&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1594614&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.89.11.5063&rft.aulast=Rauschecker&rft.aufirst=JP&rft.au=Tian%2C+B&rft.au=Korte%2C+M&rft.au=Egert%2C+U&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC49229&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sokolov_et_al.,_(1986)-42"><a href="#cite_ref-Sokolov_et_al.,_(1986)_42-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSokolovTikhonovaTikhonov1996" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sokolov VE, Tikhonova GN, Tikhonov IA (1996). "[The role of sensory systems in the behavior of Ryukyu mice (Mus caroli Banhote, 1902)]". Izvestiia Akademii Nauk. Seriia Biologicheskaia (in Russian) (2): 169–75. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8723619">8723619</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Izvestiia+Akademii+Nauk.+Seriia+Biologicheskaia&rft.atitle=%5BThe+role+of+sensory+systems+in+the+behavior+of+Ryukyu+mice+%28Mus+caroli+Banhote%2C+1902%29%5D&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=169-75&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8723619&rft.aulast=Sokolov&rft.aufirst=VE&rft.au=Tikhonova%2C+GN&rft.au=Tikhonov%2C+IA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolyGuo2005" class="citation journal cs1">Holy TE, Guo Z (December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1275525">"Ultrasonic songs of male mice"</a>. PLOS Biology. 3 (12): e386. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0030386">10.1371/journal.pbio.0030386</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1275525">1275525</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16248680">16248680</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+Biology&rft.atitle=Ultrasonic+songs+of+male+mice&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=e386&rft.date=2005-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1275525%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16248680&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0030386&rft.aulast=Holy&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.au=Guo%2C+Z&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1275525&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Purdy2005" class="citation web cs1">Michael Purdy (October 31, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.wustl.edu/news/Pages/6040.aspx">"Researchers add mice to list of creatures that sing in the presence of mates"</a>. Washington University in St. Louis.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+University+in+St.+Louis&rft.atitle=Researchers+add+mice+to+list+of+creatures+that+sing+in+the+presence+of+mates&rft.date=2005-10-31&rft.au=Michael+Purdy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.wustl.edu%2Fnews%2FPages%2F6040.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_44-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_44-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_44-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_44-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFirmanSimmons2010" class="citation journal cs1">Firman RC, Simmons LW (May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1558-5646.2009.00894.x">"Experimental evolution of sperm quality via postcopulatory sexual selection in house mice"</a>. Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. 64 (5): 1245–56. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1558-5646.2009.00894.x">10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00894.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19922447">19922447</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evolution%3B+International+Journal+of+Organic+Evolution&rft.atitle=Experimental+evolution+of+sperm+quality+via+postcopulatory+sexual+selection+in+house+mice&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1245-56&rft.date=2010-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1558-5646.2009.00894.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19922447&rft.aulast=Firman&rft.aufirst=RC&rft.au=Simmons%2C+LW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1558-5646.2009.00894.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070704035747/http://www.research.uci.edu/tmf/husbandry.htm#guidelines">"Mouse Husbandry, Breeding and Development"</a>. University of Carolina, Irvine, Transgenic Mouse Facility Guidelines. University of Carolina. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.research.uci.edu/tmf/husbandry.htm#guidelines">the original</a> on July 4, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Carolina%2C+Irvine%2C+Transgenic+Mouse+Facility+Guidelines&rft.atitle=Mouse+Husbandry%2C+Breeding+and+Development&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.research.uci.edu%2Ftmf%2Fhusbandry.htm%23guidelines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDobson,_F_StephenJacquot_Catherine2002" class="citation journal cs1">Dobson, F Stephen; Jacquot Catherine (June 2002). "Experimental tests of spatial association and kinship in monogamous mice and polygynous mice". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 80 (6): 980–986. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1139%2FZ02-055">10.1139/Z02-055</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Zoology&rft.atitle=Experimental+tests+of+spatial+association+and+kinship+in+monogamous+mice+and+polygynous+mice&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=980-986&rft.date=2002-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1139%2FZ02-055&rft.au=Dobson%2C+F+Stephen&rft.au=Jacquot+Catherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDobson,_F_StephenJacquot_CatherineBaudoin,_Claude2000" class="citation journal cs1">Dobson, F Stephen; Jacquot Catherine; Baudoin, Claude (October 2000). "An experimental test of kin association in the house mouse". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 78 (10): 1807–1812. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1139%2Fz00-100">10.1139/z00-100</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Zoology&rft.atitle=An+experimental+test+of+kin+association+in+the+house+mouse&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1807-1812&rft.date=2000-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1139%2Fz00-100&rft.au=Dobson%2C+F+Stephen&rft.au=Jacquot+Catherine&rft.au=Baudoin%2C+Claude&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_48-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_48-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_48-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_48-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrisBaudoin2000" class="citation journal cs1">Patris B, Baudoin C (October 2000). "A comparative study of parental care between two rodent species: implications for the mating system of the mound-building mouse Mus spicilegus". Behavioural Processes. 51 (1–3): 35–43. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0376-6357%2800%2900117-0">10.1016/S0376-6357(00)00117-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11074310">11074310</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12674813">12674813</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behavioural+Processes&rft.atitle=A+comparative+study+of+parental+care+between+two+rodent+species%3A+implications+for+the+mating+system+of+the+mound-building+mouse+Mus+spicilegus&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1%E2%80%933&rft.pages=35-43&rft.date=2000-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A12674813%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11074310&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0376-6357%2800%2900117-0&rft.aulast=Patris&rft.aufirst=B&rft.au=Baudoin%2C+C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFirmanSimmons2008" class="citation journal cs1">Firman RC, Simmons LW (7 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fbeheco%2Farm158">"Polyandry, sperm competition, and reproductive success in mice"</a>. Behavioral Ecology. 19 (4): 695–702. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fbeheco%2Farm158">10.1093/beheco/arm158</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behavioral+Ecology&rft.atitle=Polyandry%2C+sperm+competition%2C+and+reproductive+success+in+mice&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=695-702&rft.date=2008-03-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fbeheco%2Farm158&rft.aulast=Firman&rft.aufirst=RC&rft.au=Simmons%2C+LW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fbeheco%252Farm158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dean,_M.D._2006-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dean,_M.D._2006_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dean,_M.D._2006_50-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dean,_M.D._2006_50-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDean,_M.D.Ardlie,_K.G.Nachman,_M.W.2006" class="citation journal cs1">Dean, M.D.; Ardlie, K.G.; Nachman, M.W. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2904556">"The frequency of multiple paternity suggests that sperm competition is common in house mice (Mus domesticus)"</a>. Molecular Ecology. 15 (13): 4141–4151. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006MolEc..15.4141D">2006MolEc..15.4141D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-294x.2006.03068.x">10.1111/j.1365-294x.2006.03068.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2904556">2904556</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17054508">17054508</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology&rft.atitle=The+frequency+of+multiple+paternity+suggests+that+sperm+competition+is+common+in+house+mice+%28Mus+domesticus%29&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=13&rft.pages=4141-4151&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2904556%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17054508&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1365-294x.2006.03068.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006MolEc..15.4141D&rft.au=Dean%2C+M.D.&rft.au=Ardlie%2C+K.G.&rft.au=Nachman%2C+M.W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2904556&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_51-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlemme,_InesFirman,_Renée_Claire2013" class="citation journal cs1">Klemme, Ines; Firman, Renée Claire (April 2013). "Male house mice that have evolved with sperm competition have increased mating duration and paternity success". Animal Behaviour. 85 (4): 751–758. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.anbehav.2013.01.016">10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.01.016</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:17428265">17428265</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Behaviour&rft.atitle=Male+house+mice+that+have+evolved+with+sperm+competition+have+increased+mating+duration+and+paternity+success&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=751-758&rft.date=2013-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.anbehav.2013.01.016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A17428265%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Klemme%2C+Ines&rft.au=Firman%2C+Ren%C3%A9e+Claire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_52-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_52-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThonhauserThoßMusolfKlaus2014" class="citation journal cs1">Thonhauser KE, Thoß M, Musolf K, Klaus T, Penn DJ (January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3925383">"Multiple paternity in wild house mice (Mus musculus musculus): effects on offspring genetic diversity and body mass"</a>. Ecology and Evolution. 4 (2): 200–9. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EcoEv...4..200T">2014EcoEv...4..200T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fece3.920">10.1002/ece3.920</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3925383">3925383</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24558575">24558575</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=Multiple+paternity+in+wild+house+mice+%28Mus+musculus+musculus%29%3A+effects+on+offspring+genetic+diversity+and+body+mass&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=200-9&rft.date=2014-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3925383%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24558575&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fece3.920&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014EcoEv...4..200T&rft.aulast=Thonhauser&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.au=Tho%C3%9F%2C+M&rft.au=Musolf%2C+K&rft.au=Klaus%2C+T&rft.au=Penn%2C+DJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3925383&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_53-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFirmanSimmons2008" class="citation journal cs1">Firman RC, Simmons LW (March 2008). Snook, R. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1558-5646.2007.00307.x">"Polyandry facilitates postcopulatory inbreeding avoidance in house mice"</a>. Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. 62 (3): 603–11. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1558-5646.2007.00307.x">10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00307.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18081715">18081715</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23933418">23933418</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evolution%3B+International+Journal+of+Organic+Evolution&rft.atitle=Polyandry+facilitates+postcopulatory+inbreeding+avoidance+in+house+mice&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=603-11&rft.date=2008-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A23933418%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18081715&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1558-5646.2007.00307.x&rft.aulast=Firman&rft.aufirst=RC&rft.au=Simmons%2C+LW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1558-5646.2007.00307.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_54-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_54-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAuclairKönigLindholm2014" class="citation journal cs1">Auclair Y, König B, Lindholm AK (November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4235584">"Socially mediated polyandry: a new benefit of communal nesting in mammals"</a>. Behavioral Ecology. 25 (6): 1467–1473. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fbeheco%2Faru143">10.1093/beheco/aru143</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4235584">4235584</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25419087">25419087</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behavioral+Ecology&rft.atitle=Socially+mediated+polyandry%3A+a+new+benefit+of+communal+nesting+in+mammals&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1467-1473&rft.date=2014-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4235584%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25419087&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fbeheco%2Faru143&rft.aulast=Auclair&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.au=K%C3%B6nig%2C+B&rft.au=Lindholm%2C+AK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4235584&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_55-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFirman,_R.Simmons,_L.2007" class="citation journal cs1">Firman, R.; Simmons, L. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fbeheco%2Farm158">"Polyandry, sperm competition, and reproductive success in mice"</a>. Behavioral Ecology. 19 (4): 695–702. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fbeheco%2Farm158">10.1093/beheco/arm158</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behavioral+Ecology&rft.atitle=Polyandry%2C+sperm+competition%2C+and+reproductive+success+in+mice&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=695-702&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fbeheco%2Farm158&rft.au=Firman%2C+R.&rft.au=Simmons%2C+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fbeheco%252Farm158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid17997307-56"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid17997307_56-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherborneThomPatersonJury2007" class="citation journal cs1">Sherborne AL, Thom MD, Paterson S, Jury F, Ollier WE, Stockley P, Beynon RJ, Hurst JL (December 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2148465">"The genetic basis of inbreeding avoidance in house mice"</a>. Current Biology. 17 (23): 2061–6. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007CBio...17.2061S">2007CBio...17.2061S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2007.10.041">10.1016/j.cub.2007.10.041</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2148465">2148465</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17997307">17997307</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Biology&rft.atitle=The+genetic+basis+of+inbreeding+avoidance+in+house+mice&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=23&rft.pages=2061-6&rft.date=2007-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2148465%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17997307&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cub.2007.10.041&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007CBio...17.2061S&rft.aulast=Sherborne&rft.aufirst=AL&rft.au=Thom%2C+MD&rft.au=Paterson%2C+S&rft.au=Jury%2C+F&rft.au=Ollier%2C+WE&rft.au=Stockley%2C+P&rft.au=Beynon%2C+RJ&rft.au=Hurst%2C+JL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2148465&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid26154782-57"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid26154782_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFirmanSimmons2015" class="citation journal cs1">Firman RC, Simmons LW (September 2015). "Gametic interactions promote inbreeding avoidance in house mice". Ecology Letters. 18 (9): 937–43. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EcolL..18..937F">2015EcolL..18..937F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fele.12471">10.1111/ele.12471</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26154782">26154782</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology+Letters&rft.atitle=Gametic+interactions+promote+inbreeding+avoidance+in+house+mice&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=937-43&rft.date=2015-09&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26154782&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fele.12471&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015EcolL..18..937F&rft.aulast=Firman&rft.aufirst=RC&rft.au=Simmons%2C+LW&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Garfield-Karaplis-2001-58"><a href="#cite_ref-Garfield-Karaplis-2001_58-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarfieldKaraplis2001" class="citation journal cs1">Garfield, Natasha; Karaplis, Andrew C. (2001). "Genetics and animal models of hypoparathyroidism". <a href="/wiki/Trends_in_Endocrinology_%26_Metabolism" class="mw-redirect" title="Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism">Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism</a>. 12 (7). <a href="/wiki/Cell_Press" title="Cell Press">Cell Press</a>: 288–294. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs1043-2760%2801%2900435-0">10.1016/s1043-2760(01)00435-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1043-2760">1043-2760</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11504667">11504667</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23117178">23117178</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Endocrinology+%26+Metabolism&rft.atitle=Genetics+and+animal+models+of+hypoparathyroidism&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=288-294&rft.date=2001&rft.issn=1043-2760&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A23117178%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11504667&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs1043-2760%2801%2900435-0&rft.aulast=Garfield&rft.aufirst=Natasha&rft.au=Karaplis%2C+Andrew+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGobel,_D.2013" class="citation web cs1">Gobel, D. (2013) [2003]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sens.org/outreach/conferences/methuselah-mouse-prize">"Latest Mprize Winners"</a>. Andrzej Bartke Mprize for Longevity. Methuselah Foundation. Retrieved 2019-02-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Andrzej+Bartke+Mprize+for+Longevity&rft.atitle=Latest+Mprize+Winners&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Gobel%2C+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sens.org%2Foutreach%2Fconferences%2Fmethuselah-mouse-prize&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Connor2004-60"><a href="#cite_ref-Connor2004_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConnor,_Steve2004" class="citation news cs1">Connor, Steve (31 October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/1P2-1885826/oldest-mouse-in-captivity-wins-top-science-award">"Oldest mouse in captivity wins top science award"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a> (UK). Retrieved 30 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent+%28UK%29&rft.atitle=Oldest+mouse+in+captivity+wins+top+science+award&rft.date=2004-10-31&rft.au=Connor%2C+Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.questia.com%2Fread%2F1P2-1885826%2Foldest-mouse-in-captivity-wins-top-science-award&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080830080423/http://www.mfoundation.org/index.php?pagename=reversal">"Reversal Prize"</a>. Methuselah Foundation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfoundation.org/index.php?pagename=reversal">the original</a> on 2008-08-30. Retrieved 2009-03-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reversal+Prize&rft.pub=Methuselah+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfoundation.org%2Findex.php%3Fpagename%3Dreversal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hamilton2001-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hamilton2001_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hamilton2001_62-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hamilton2001_62-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hamilton2001_62-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamiltonVan_RemmenDrakeYang2001" class="citation journal cs1">Hamilton ML, Van Remmen H, Drake JA, Yang H, Guo ZM, Kewitt K, Walter CA, Richardson A (August 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC56984">"Does oxidative damage to DNA increase with age?"</a>. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 98 (18): 10469–74. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.171202698">10.1073/pnas.171202698</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC56984">56984</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11517304">11517304</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proc+Natl+Acad+Sci+U+S+A&rft.atitle=Does+oxidative+damage+to+DNA+increase+with+age%3F&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=10469-74&rft.date=2001-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC56984%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11517304&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.171202698&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=ML&rft.au=Van+Remmen%2C+H&rft.au=Drake%2C+JA&rft.au=Yang%2C+H&rft.au=Guo%2C+ZM&rft.au=Kewitt%2C+K&rft.au=Walter%2C+CA&rft.au=Richardson%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC56984&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIzzottiCartigliaTaningherDe_Flora1999" class="citation journal cs1">Izzotti A, Cartiglia C, Taningher M, De Flora S, Balansky R (December 1999). "Age-related increases of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and DNA-protein crosslinks in mouse organs". Mutat Res. 446 (2): 215–23. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs1383-5718%2899%2900189-8">10.1016/s1383-5718(99)00189-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10635344">10635344</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutat+Res&rft.atitle=Age-related+increases+of+8-hydroxy-2%27-deoxyguanosine+and+DNA-protein+crosslinks+in+mouse+organs&rft.volume=446&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=215-23&rft.date=1999-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs1383-5718%2899%2900189-8&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10635344&rft.aulast=Izzotti&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Cartiglia%2C+C&rft.au=Taningher%2C+M&rft.au=De+Flora%2C+S&rft.au=Balansky%2C+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Museum Notes, Volume 36, Issue 1 – Volume 46, Issue 33. University of Nebraska. <q>The house mouse originally came from India</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Museum+Notes%2C+Volume+36%2C+Issue+1+%E2%80%93+Volume+46%2C+Issue+33&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoursotDinAnandDarviche1996" class="citation journal cs1">Boursot P, Din W, Anand R, Darviche D, Dod B, von Deimling F, Talwar GP, Bonhomme F (1996). "Origin and radiation of the house mouse: Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 9 (4): 391–415. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1420-9101.1996.9040391.x">10.1046/j.1420-9101.1996.9040391.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:84895257">84895257</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Evolutionary+Biology&rft.atitle=Origin+and+radiation+of+the+house+mouse%3A+Mitochondrial+DNA+phylogeny&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=391-415&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1420-9101.1996.9040391.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A84895257%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Boursot&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Din%2C+W&rft.au=Anand%2C+R&rft.au=Darviche%2C+D&rft.au=Dod%2C+B&rft.au=von+Deimling%2C+F&rft.au=Talwar%2C+GP&rft.au=Bonhomme%2C+F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cucci_etal_2005-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cucci_etal_2005_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cucci_etal_2005_66-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCucchiVigneAuffray2005" class="citation journal cs1">Cucchi T, Vigne JD, Auffray JC (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hal.science/hal-03992863/file/Cucchi_BJLS_2005.pdf">"First occurrence of the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus Schwarz & Schwarz, 1943) in the Western Mediterranean: A zooarchaeological revision of subfossil occurrences"</a> (PDF). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 84 (3): 429–45. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8312.2005.00445.x">10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00445.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Journal+of+the+Linnean+Society&rft.atitle=First+occurrence+of+the+house+mouse+%28Mus+musculus+domesticus+Schwarz+%26+Schwarz%2C+1943%29+in+the+Western+Mediterranean%3A+A+zooarchaeological+revision+of+subfossil+occurrences&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=429-45&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1095-8312.2005.00445.x&rft.aulast=Cucchi&rft.aufirst=T&rft.au=Vigne%2C+JD&rft.au=Auffray%2C+JC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhal.science%2Fhal-03992863%2Ffile%2FCucchi_BJLS_2005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGündüzAuffrayBritton-DavidianCatalan2001" class="citation journal cs1">Gündüz I, Auffray JC, Britton-Davidian J, Catalan J, Ganem G, Ramalhinho MG, Mathias ML, Searle JB (August 2001). "Molecular studies on the colonization of the Madeiran archipelago by house mice". Molecular Ecology. 10 (8): 2023–9. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001MolEc..10.2023G">2001MolEc..10.2023G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.0962-1083.2001.01346.x">10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01346.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11555245">11555245</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:19068030">19068030</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Ecology&rft.atitle=Molecular+studies+on+the+colonization+of+the+Madeiran+archipelago+by+house+mice&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=2023-9&rft.date=2001-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.0962-1083.2001.01346.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A19068030%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11555245&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001MolEc..10.2023G&rft.aulast=G%C3%BCnd%C3%BCz&rft.aufirst=I&rft.au=Auffray%2C+JC&rft.au=Britton-Davidian%2C+J&rft.au=Catalan%2C+J&rft.au=Ganem%2C+G&rft.au=Ramalhinho%2C+MG&rft.au=Mathias%2C+ML&rft.au=Searle%2C+JB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091005015417/http://www.afrma.org/rminfo4b.htm">"The History Of Fancy Mice"</a>. American Fancy Rat and Mouse Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afrma.org/rminfo4b.htm">the original</a> on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 29 July 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+Of+Fancy+Mice&rft.pub=American+Fancy+Rat+and+Mouse+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afrma.org%2Frminfo4b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mouse_Club-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mouse_Club_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mouse_Club_69-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rmca.org/Resources/mousefaq.htm">the Rat and Mouse Club of America</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jones1-70"><a href="#cite_ref-Jones1_70-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCourtney_Jones,_Stephanie_K.Byrne,_Phillip_G.2017" class="citation journal cs1">Courtney Jones, Stephanie K.; Byrne, Phillip G. (December 2017). "What role does heritability play in transgenerational phenotypic responses to captivity? Implications for managing captive populations". Zoo Biology. 36 (6): 397–406. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fzoo.21389">10.1002/zoo.21389</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29193268">29193268</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zoo+Biology&rft.atitle=What+role+does+heritability+play+in+transgenerational+phenotypic+responses+to+captivity%3F+Implications+for+managing+captive+populations&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=397-406&rft.date=2017-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fzoo.21389&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29193268&rft.au=Courtney+Jones%2C+Stephanie+K.&rft.au=Byrne%2C+Phillip+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jones_2-71"><a href="#cite_ref-Jones_2_71-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCourtney_Jones,_Stephanie_K.Munn,_Adam_J.Byrne,_Phillip_G.2017" class="citation journal cs1">Courtney Jones, Stephanie K.; Munn, Adam J.; Byrne, Phillip G. (April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5546&context=smhpapers">"Effects of captivity on house mice behaviour in a novel environment: Implications for conservation practices"</a>. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 189: 98–106. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.applanim.2017.01.007">10.1016/j.applanim.2017.01.007</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Animal+Behaviour+Science&rft.atitle=Effects+of+captivity+on+house+mice+behaviour+in+a+novel+environment%3A+Implications+for+conservation+practices&rft.volume=189&rft.pages=98-106&rft.date=2017-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.applanim.2017.01.007&rft.au=Courtney+Jones%2C+Stephanie+K.&rft.au=Munn%2C+Adam+J.&rft.au=Byrne%2C+Phillip+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fro.uow.edu.au%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D5546%26context%3Dsmhpapers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cdc.gov-72">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cdc.gov_72-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cdc.gov_72-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/rodents/diseases/direct.html">"Diseases directly transmitted by rodents"</a>. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (page last updated: June 7, 2011). 2018-09-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Diseases+directly+transmitted+by+rodents&rft.pub=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention+%28page+last+updated%3A+June+7%2C+2011%29&rft.date=2018-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Frodents%2Fdiseases%2Fdirect.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/lymphocytic_choriomeningitis.pdf">"Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis"</a> (PDF). Iowa State University Center for Food Security and Public Health. March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lymphocytic+Choriomeningitis&rft.pub=Iowa+State+University+Center+for+Food+Security+and+Public+Health&rft.date=2010-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfsph.iastate.edu%2FFactsheets%2Fpdfs%2Flymphocytic_choriomeningitis.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerhaeghMoudrousBuitingvan_der_Eijk2014" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Verhaegh EM, Moudrous W, Buiting AG, van der Eijk AA, Tijssen CC (2014). "[Meningitis after a mouse bite]" [Meningitis after a mouse bite]. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde (in Dutch). 158: A7033. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25017980">25017980</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nederlands+Tijdschrift+voor+Geneeskunde&rft.atitle=%5BMeningitis+after+a+mouse+bite%5D&rft.volume=158&rft.pages=A7033&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25017980&rft.aulast=Verhaegh&rft.aufirst=EM&rft.au=Moudrous%2C+W&rft.au=Buiting%2C+AG&rft.au=van+der+Eijk%2C+AA&rft.au=Tijssen%2C+CC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCenters_for_Disease_Control_Prevention_(CDC)2005" class="citation journal cs1">Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) (August 2005). "Interim guidance for minimizing risk for human lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection associated with rodents". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 54 (30): 747–9. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16079740">16079740</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Morbidity+and+Mortality+Weekly+Report&rft.atitle=Interim+guidance+for+minimizing+risk+for+human+lymphocytic+choriomeningitis+virus+infection+associated+with+rodents&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=30&rft.pages=747-9&rft.date=2005-08&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16079740&rft.au=Centers+for+Disease+Control+Prevention+%28CDC%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJamiesonKourtisBellRasmussen2006" class="citation journal cs1">Jamieson DJ, Kourtis AP, Bell M, Rasmussen SA (June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1258688">"Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an emerging obstetric pathogen?"</a>. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 194 (6): 1532–6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ajog.2005.11.040">10.1016/j.ajog.2005.11.040</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16731068">16731068</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Obstetrics+and+Gynecology&rft.atitle=Lymphocytic+choriomeningitis+virus%3A+an+emerging+obstetric+pathogen%3F&rft.volume=194&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1532-6&rft.date=2006-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ajog.2005.11.040&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16731068&rft.aulast=Jamieson&rft.aufirst=DJ&rft.au=Kourtis%2C+AP&rft.au=Bell%2C+M&rft.au=Rasmussen%2C+SA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1258688&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBonthius,_DJ2012" class="citation journal cs1">Bonthius, DJ (September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4256959">"Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an underrecognized cause of neurologic disease in the fetus, child, and adult"</a>. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology. 19 (3): 89–95. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.spen.2012.02.002">10.1016/j.spen.2012.02.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4256959">4256959</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22889536">22889536</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seminars+in+Pediatric+Neurology&rft.atitle=Lymphocytic+choriomeningitis+virus%3A+an+underrecognized+cause+of+neurologic+disease+in+the+fetus%2C+child%2C+and+adult&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=89-95&rft.date=2012-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4256959%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22889536&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.spen.2012.02.002&rft.au=Bonthius%2C+DJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4256959&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShrewsbury,_J._F._D.1970" class="citation book cs1">Shrewsbury, J. F. D. (1970). A History of Bubonic Plague in the British Isles. Cambridge University Press. p. 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Bubonic+Plague+in+the+British+Isles&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.au=Shrewsbury%2C+J.+F.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> "A previous study [1943] reported house mice naturally infected with R. typhi in the state of Georgia; however, no PCR-positive mice were detected in our study. Eruptions of mouse populations in the absence of rats have been implicated in several outbreaks of murine typhus; however, these observations were not supported by laboratory data." <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEremeevaWarashinaSturgeonBuchholz2008" class="citation journal cs1">Eremeeva ME, Warashina WR, Sturgeon MM, Buchholz AE, Olmsted GK, Park SY, Effler PV, Karpathy SE (October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2609893">"Rickettsia typhi and R. felis in rat fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis), Oahu, Hawaii"</a>. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 14 (10): 1613–5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3201%2Feid1410.080571">10.3201/eid1410.080571</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2609893">2609893</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18826827">18826827</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Rickettsia+typhi+and+R.+felis+in+rat+fleas+%28Xenopsylla+cheopis%29%2C+Oahu%2C+Hawaii&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1613-5&rft.date=2008-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2609893%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18826827&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3201%2Feid1410.080571&rft.aulast=Eremeeva&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.au=Warashina%2C+WR&rft.au=Sturgeon%2C+MM&rft.au=Buchholz%2C+AE&rft.au=Olmsted%2C+GK&rft.au=Park%2C+SY&rft.au=Effler%2C+PV&rft.au=Karpathy%2C+SE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2609893&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownPrescott2008" class="citation journal cs1">Brown K, Prescott J (February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2228361">"Leptospirosis in the family dog: a public health perspective"</a>. CMAJ. 178 (4): 399–401. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1503%2Fcmaj.071097">10.1503/cmaj.071097</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2228361">2228361</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18268265">18268265</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CMAJ&rft.atitle=Leptospirosis+in+the+family+dog%3A+a+public+health+perspective&rft.volume=178&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=399-401&rft.date=2008-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2228361%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18268265&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1503%2Fcmaj.071097&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Prescott%2C+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2228361&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeidmannSchmidtVackovaKrivanec2005" class="citation journal cs1">Weidmann, Manfred; Schmidt, P.; Vackova, M.; Krivanec, K.; Munclinger, P.; Hufert, F. T. (February 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC548048">"Identification of Genetic Evidence for Dobrava Virus Spillover in Rodents by Nested Reverse Transcription (RT)-PCR and TaqMan RT-PCR"</a>. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 43 (2): 808–812. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2FJCM.43.2.808-812.2005">10.1128/JCM.43.2.808-812.2005</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC548048">548048</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15695684">15695684</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Genetic+Evidence+for+Dobrava+Virus+Spillover+in+Rodents+by+Nested+Reverse+Transcription+%28RT%29-PCR+and+TaqMan+RT-PCR&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=808-812&rft.date=2005-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC548048%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15695684&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2FJCM.43.2.808-812.2005&rft.aulast=Weidmann&rft.aufirst=Manfred&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+P.&rft.au=Vackova%2C+M.&rft.au=Krivanec%2C+K.&rft.au=Munclinger%2C+P.&rft.au=Hufert%2C+F.+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC548048&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing,_Caroline1995" class="citation book cs1">King, Caroline, ed. (1995). The Handbook of New Zealand Mammals. Auckland, N.Z.: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-558320-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-558320-5"><bdi>978-0-19-558320-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Handbook+of+New+Zealand+Mammals&rft.place=Auckland%2C+N.Z.&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-19-558320-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWanlessAngelCuthbertHilton2007" class="citation journal cs1">Wanless RM, Angel A, Cuthbert RJ, Hilton GM, Ryan PG (June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2464706">"Can predation by invasive mice drive seabird extinctions?"</a>. Biology Letters. 3 (3): 241–4. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbl.2007.0120">10.1098/rsbl.2007.0120</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2464706">2464706</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17412667">17412667</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biology+Letters&rft.atitle=Can+predation+by+invasive+mice+drive+seabird+extinctions%3F&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=241-4&rft.date=2007-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2464706%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17412667&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsbl.2007.0120&rft.aulast=Wanless&rft.aufirst=RM&rft.au=Angel%2C+A&rft.au=Cuthbert%2C+RJ&rft.au=Hilton%2C+GM&rft.au=Ryan%2C+PG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2464706&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150404001251/http://archive.industry.gov.au/Biotechnologyonline.gov.au/enviro/mice.html">"Mice: a case study"</a>. Biotechnology Australia. Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.industry.gov.au/Biotechnologyonline.gov.au/enviro/mice.html">the original</a> on April 4, 2015. Retrieved April 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biotechnology+Australia&rft.atitle=Mice%3A+a+case+study&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.industry.gov.au%2FBiotechnologyonline.gov.au%2Fenviro%2Fmice.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/greenbook/frames/frame11.shtml">"MGI — Biology of the Laboratory Mouse"</a>. Informatics.jax.org. Retrieved 2019-02-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MGI+%E2%80%94+Biology+of+the+Laboratory+Mouse&rft.pub=Informatics.jax.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.informatics.jax.org%2Fgreenbook%2Fframes%2Fframe11.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFd'IsaFasanoBrambilla2024" class="citation journal cs1">d'Isa R, Fasano S, Brambilla R (June 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11232432">"Editorial: Animal-friendly methods for rodent behavioral testing in neuroscience research"</a>. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. 18: 1431310. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffnbeh.2024.1431310">10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1431310</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11232432">11232432</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38983871">38983871</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Behavioral+Neuroscience&rft.atitle=Editorial%3A+Animal-friendly+methods+for+rodent+behavioral+testing+in+neuroscience+research&rft.volume=18&rft.pages=1431310&rft.date=2024-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC11232432%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F38983871&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3389%2Ffnbeh.2024.1431310&rft.aulast=d%27Isa&rft.aufirst=R&rft.au=Fasano%2C+S&rft.au=Brambilla%2C+R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC11232432&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/texts/mouse_as_vizier.htm">The mouse as vizier</a>, sourced to: Emma Brunner-Traut, Tiergeschichten aus dem Pharaonenland, Mainz, Zabern, 2000. </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlotnikova,_Anna_Arkadievna_(Анна_Аркадьевна_Плотникова)2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Plotnikova, Anna Arkadievna (Анна Аркадьевна Плотникова) (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kroraina.com/knigi/ap2/ap_2_1.htm">Этнолингвистическая география Южной Славии</a> [Ethnolinguistic Geography of the South Slav Lands] (in Russian). Moscow: Indrik. pp. 64–68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5857592878" title="Special:BookSources/978-5857592878"><bdi>978-5857592878</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pages=64-68&rft.pub=Indrik&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-5857592878&rft.au=Plotnikova%2C+Anna+Arkadievna+%28%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kroraina.com%2Fknigi%2Fap2%2Fap_2_1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNyby,_John_G.2001" class="citation book cs1">Nyby, John G. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EEOyWhWn8hgC&pg=PA3">"Auditory Communication among Adults"</a>. In Willott, James F. (ed.). Handbook of Mouse Auditory Research: From Behavior to Molecular Biology. CRC Press. pp. 3–18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4200-3873-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4200-3873-6"><bdi>978-1-4200-3873-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Auditory+Communication+among+Adults&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Mouse+Auditory+Research%3A+From+Behavior+to+Molecular+Biology&rft.pages=3-18&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-4200-3873-6&rft.au=Nyby%2C+John+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEEOyWhWn8hgC%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+mouse" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-External_links plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-external_links" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section's use of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a> may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit">improve this article</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_mirror_or_a_repository_of_links,_images,_or_media_files" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">excessive</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">inappropriate</a> external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">footnote references</a>. (January 2017) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus" class="extiw" title="commons:Mus musculus">Mus musculus</a>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Taxonomy">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.findmice.org/">findmice.org</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genetics_2">Genetics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Genetics">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/">Ensembl Mus musculus genome browser</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Ensembl" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a> Project</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vega.sanger.ac.uk/Mus_musculus">Vega Mus musculus genome browser</a>, includes NOD mouse sequence and annotation</li> <li>View the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=mm10">mm10</a> genome assembly in the <a href="/wiki/UCSC_Genome_Browser" title="UCSC Genome Browser">UCSC Genome Browser</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digimorph.org/specimens/Mus_musculus/">Pictures, movies and applets showing the anatomy of Mus musculus</a>, from www.digimorph.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509105126/http://www.arkive.org/species/ARK/mammals/Mus_musculus/">Arkive</a> Photographs. Short text.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading_2">Further reading</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/nature/mousegenome/">Nature Mouse Special 2002</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050313011817/http://www.ahsc.arizona.edu/uac/notes/classes/rodentbio/rodentbio.html">Biology of Laboratory Rodents</a> by David G. Besselsen</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pestworld.org/pest-guide/rodents/house-mice/">House Mouse Fact Sheet</a> from the <a href="/wiki/National_Pest_Management_Association" title="National Pest Management Association">National Pest Management Association</a> with information on habits, habitat and health threats</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Mus_musculus.html">Comprehensive house mouse information, including pictures</a>, by the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ratbehavior.org/RatsMice.htm">Some information on muricide</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcmaster.ca/inabis98/brudzynski/white0360/two.html">Vocalizations during copulation</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_model_organisms_in_genetics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Model_organisms" title="Template:Model organisms"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Model_organisms" title="Template talk:Model organisms"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Model_organisms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Model organisms"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_model_organisms_in_genetics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major <a href="/wiki/Model_organism" title="Model organism">model organisms</a> in <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_phage" title="Lambda phage">Lambda phage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli_in_molecular_biology" title="Escherichia coli in molecular biology">E. coli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlamydomonas_reinhardtii" title="Chlamydomonas reinhardtii">Chlamydomonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahymena" title="Tetrahymena">Tetrahymena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae" title="Saccharomyces cerevisiae">Budding yeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schizosaccharomyces_pombe" title="Schizosaccharomyces pombe">Fission yeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurospora_crassa" title="Neurospora crassa">Neurospora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">Maize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabidopsis_thaliana" title="Arabidopsis thaliana">Arabidopsis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicago_truncatula" title="Medicago truncatula">Medicago truncatula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caenorhabditis_elegans" title="Caenorhabditis elegans">C. elegans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drosophila_melanogaster" title="Drosophila melanogaster">Drosophila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_clawed_frog" title="African clawed frog">Xenopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebrafish" title="Zebrafish">Zebrafish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_rat" title="Laboratory rat">Rat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Extant_species_of_subfamily_Murinae_(Melasmothrix–Mus)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Murinae_(Melasmothrix%E2%80%93Mus)" title="Template:Murinae (Melasmothrix–Mus)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Murinae_(Melasmothrix%E2%80%93Mus)" title="Template talk:Murinae (Melasmothrix–Mus)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Murinae_(Melasmothrix%E2%80%93Mus)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Murinae (Melasmothrix–Mus)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Extant_species_of_subfamily_Murinae_(Melasmothrix–Mus)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Extant species of subfamily <a href="/wiki/Murinae" title="Murinae">Murinae</a> (Melasmothrix–Mus)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordate</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a></li> <li>Superorder: <a href="/wiki/Euarchontoglires" title="Euarchontoglires">Euarchontoglires</a></li> <li>Order: <a href="/wiki/Rodent" title="Rodent">Rodentia</a></li> <li>Family: <a href="/wiki/Muridae" title="Muridae">Muridae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Melasmothrix division</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Melasmothrix</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sulawesian_shrew_rat" title="Sulawesian shrew rat">Sulawesian shrew rat (M. naso)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tateomys" title="Tateomys">Tateomys</a> (Greater Sulawesian shrew rats)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long-tailed_shrew_rat" title="Long-tailed shrew rat">Long-tailed shrew rat (T. macrocercus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate%27s_shrew_rat" title="Tate's shrew rat">Tate's shrew rat (T. rhinogradoides)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Micromys division</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pencil-tailed_tree_mouse" title="Pencil-tailed tree mouse">Chiropodomys</a> (Pencil-tailed tree mice)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palawan_pencil-tailed_tree_mouse" title="Palawan pencil-tailed tree mouse">Palawan pencil-tailed tree mouse (C. calamianensis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indomalayan_pencil-tailed_tree_mouse" title="Indomalayan pencil-tailed tree mouse">Indomalayan pencil-tailed tree mouse (C. gliroides)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koopman%27s_pencil-tailed_tree_mouse" title="Koopman's pencil-tailed tree mouse">Koopman's pencil-tailed tree mouse (C. karlkoopmani)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_pencil-tailed_tree_mouse" title="Large pencil-tailed tree mouse">Large pencil-tailed tree mouse (C. major)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray-bellied_pencil-tailed_tree_mouse" title="Gray-bellied pencil-tailed tree mouse">Gray-bellied pencil-tailed tree mouse (C. muroides)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_pencil-tailed_tree_mouse" title="Small pencil-tailed tree mouse">Small pencil-tailed tree mouse (C. pusillus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Haeromys" title="Haeromys">Haeromys</a> (Pygmy tree mice)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranee_mouse" title="Ranee mouse">Ranee mouse (H. margarettae)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minahassa_ranee_mouse" title="Minahassa ranee mouse">Minahassa ranee mouse (H. minahassae)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_ranee_mouse" title="Lesser ranee mouse">Lesser ranee mouse (H. pusillus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hapalomys" title="Hapalomys">Hapalomys</a> (Marmoset rats)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delacour%27s_marmoset_rat" title="Delacour's marmoset rat">Delacour's marmoset rat (H. delacouri)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmoset_rat" title="Marmoset rat">Marmoset rat (H. longicaudatus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Micromys" title="Micromys">Micromys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indochinese_harvest_mouse" title="Indochinese harvest mouse">Indochinese harvest mouse (M. erythrotis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_harvest_mouse" title="Eurasian harvest mouse">Eurasian harvest mouse (M. minutus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vandeleuria" title="Vandeleuria">Vandeleuria</a> (Long-tailed climbing mice)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_long-tailed_tree_mouse" title="Nilgiri long-tailed tree mouse">Nilgiri long-tailed tree mouse (V. nilagirica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nolthenius%27s_long-tailed_climbing_mouse" title="Nolthenius's long-tailed climbing mouse">Nolthenius's long-tailed climbing mouse (V. nolthenii)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asiatic_long-tailed_climbing_mouse" title="Asiatic long-tailed climbing mouse">Asiatic long-tailed climbing mouse (V. oleracea)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vernaya" title="Vernaya">Vernaya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_climbing_mouse" title="Red climbing mouse">Red climbing mouse (V. fulva)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Millardia division</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cremnomys" title="Cremnomys">Cremnomys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cutch_rat" title="Cutch rat">Cutch rat (C. cutchicus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvira_rat" title="Elvira rat">Elvira rat (C. elvira)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diomys</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crump%27s_mouse" title="Crump's mouse">Crump's mouse (D. crumpi)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Madromys</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blanford%27s_rat" title="Blanford's rat">Blanford's rat (M. blanfordi)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Millardia" title="Millardia">Millardia</a> (Asian soft-furred rats)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sand-colored_soft-furred_rat" title="Sand-colored soft-furred rat">Sand-colored soft-furred rat (M. gleadowi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Ryley%27s_soft-furred_rat" title="Miss Ryley's soft-furred rat">Miss Ryley's soft-furred rat (M. kathleenae)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kondana_soft-furred_rat" title="Kondana soft-furred rat">Kondana soft-furred rat (M. kondana)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft-furred_rat" title="Soft-furred rat">Soft-furred rat (M. meltada)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mus division</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_striped_mouse" title="Ethiopian striped mouse">Muriculus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_striped_mouse" title="Ethiopian striped mouse">Ethiopian striped mouse (M. imberbis)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mus_(genus)" title="Mus (genus)">Mus</a> (Typical mice)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Subgenus <a href="/wiki/Coelomys" title="Coelomys">Coelomys</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sumatran_shrewlike_mouse" title="Sumatran shrewlike mouse">Sumatran shrewlike mouse (M. crociduroides)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayor%27s_mouse" title="Mayor's mouse">Mayor's mouse (M. mayori)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gairdner%27s_shrewmouse" title="Gairdner's shrewmouse">Gairdner's shrewmouse (M. pahari)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcano_mouse" title="Volcano mouse">Volcano mouse (M. vulcani)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>M. lepidoides group: <a href="/wiki/Mus_lepidoides" title="Mus lepidoides">M. lepidoides</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Subgenus <a href="/wiki/Mus_(Mus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mus (Mus)">Mus</a>: <a href="/wiki/Little_Indian_field_mouse" title="Little Indian field mouse">Little Indian field mouse (M. booduga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_mouse" title="Ryukyu mouse">Ryukyu mouse (M. caroli)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fawn-colored_mouse" title="Fawn-colored mouse">Fawn-colored mouse (M. cervicolor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook%27s_mouse" title="Cook's mouse">Cook's mouse (M. cookii)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_mouse" title="Cypriot mouse">Cypriot mouse (M. cypriacus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servant_mouse" title="Servant mouse">Servant mouse (M. famulus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheath-tailed_mouse" title="Sheath-tailed mouse">Sheath-tailed mouse (M. fragilicauda)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_mouse" title="Macedonian mouse">Macedonian mouse (M. macedonicus)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">House mouse (M. musculus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus_nitidulus" title="Mus nitidulus">Mus nitidulus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steppe_mouse" title="Steppe mouse">Steppe mouse (M. spicilegus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_mouse" title="Algerian mouse">Algerian mouse (M. spretus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth-colored_mouse" title="Earth-colored mouse">Earth-colored mouse (M. terricolor)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Subgenus <a href="/wiki/Nannomys" title="Nannomys">Nannomys</a>: <a href="/wiki/Baoule%27s_mouse" title="Baoule's mouse">Baoule's mouse (M. baoulei)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toad_mouse" title="Toad mouse">Toad mouse (M. bufo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callewaert%27s_mouse" title="Callewaert's mouse">Callewaert's mouse (M. callewaerti)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gounda_mouse" title="Gounda mouse">Gounda mouse (M. goundae)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_mouse" title="Hausa mouse">Hausa mouse (M. haussa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_pygmy_mouse" title="Desert pygmy mouse">Desert pygmy mouse (M. indutus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahomet_mouse" title="Mahomet mouse">Mahomet mouse (M. mahomet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthey%27s_mouse" title="Matthey's mouse">Matthey's mouse (M. mattheyi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_pygmy_mouse" title="African pygmy mouse">African pygmy mouse (M. minutoides)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temminck%27s_mouse" title="Temminck's mouse">Temminck's mouse (M. musculoides)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neave%27s_mouse" title="Neave's mouse">Neave's mouse (M. neavei)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_State_pygmy_mouse" title="Free State pygmy mouse">Free State pygmy mouse (M. orangiae)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oubangui_mouse" title="Oubangui mouse">Oubangui mouse (M. oubanguii)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peters%27s_mouse" title="Peters's mouse">Peters's mouse (M. setulosus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setzer%27s_pygmy_mouse" title="Setzer's pygmy mouse">Setzer's pygmy mouse (M. setzeri)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas%27s_pygmy_mouse" title="Thomas's pygmy mouse">Thomas's pygmy mouse (M. sorella)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delicate_mouse" title="Delicate mouse">Delicate mouse (M. tenellus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray-bellied_pygmy_mouse" title="Gray-bellied pygmy mouse">Gray-bellied pygmy mouse (M. triton)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Subgenus <a href="/wiki/Pyromys" title="Pyromys">Pyromys</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ceylon_spiny_mouse" title="Ceylon spiny mouse">Ceylon spiny mouse (M. fernandoni)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillips%27s_mouse" title="Phillips's mouse">Phillips's mouse (M. phillipsi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-haired_mouse" title="Flat-haired mouse">Flat-haired mouse (M. platythrix)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock-loving_mouse" title="Rock-loving mouse">Rock-loving mouse (M. saxicola)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortridge%27s_mouse" title="Shortridge's mouse">Shortridge's mouse (M. shortridgei)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Murinae_(Aethomys%E2%80%93Chrotomys)" title="Template:Murinae (Aethomys–Chrotomys)">Aethomys–Chrotomys</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Murinae_(Colomys%E2%80%93Golunda)" title="Template:Murinae (Colomys–Golunda)">Colomys–Golunda</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Murinae_(Hadromys%E2%80%93Maxomys)" title="Template:Murinae (Hadromys–Maxomys)">Hadromys–Maxomys</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Murinae_(Oenomys%E2%80%93Pithecheir)" title="Template:Murinae (Oenomys–Pithecheir)">Oenomys–Pithecheir</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Murinae_(Pogonomys%E2%80%93Pseudomys)" title="Template:Murinae (Pogonomys–Pseudomys)">Pogonomys–Pseudomys</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Murinae_(Rattus)" title="Template:Murinae (Rattus)">Rattus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Murinae_(Stenocephalomys%E2%80%93Xeromys)" title="Template:Murinae (Stenocephalomys–Xeromys)">Stenocephalomys–Xeromys</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Murinae_(Otomys)" title="Template:Murinae (Otomys)">Otomys</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Murinae_(Others)" title="Template:Murinae (Others)">Others</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Mus musculus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83310" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q83310">Q83310</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Mus musculus">Mus musculus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Mus_musculus/">Mus_musculus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Faunal_Directory" title="Australian Faunal Directory">AFD</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Mus_musculus">Mus_musculus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARKive" title="ARKive">ARKive</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.arkive.org/wd/house-mouse/mus-musculus/">mus-musculus</a></li> <li>BioLib: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id20625">20625</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=16125">16125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/7VW9H">7VW9H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/328450">328450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/MUSXMU">MUSXMU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:faunaeur.org:taxname:305687">305687</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea (new)</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/a225ae4c-f49f-484f-9d10-f51d290668c0">a225ae4c-f49f-484f-9d10-f51d290668c0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2438780">2438780</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Invasive_Species_Database" title="Global Invasive Species Database">GISD</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=97">97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/44705">44705</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10716878">10716878</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasive_Species_Compendium" title="Invasive Species Compendium">ISC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/35218">35218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=180366">180366</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/13972">13972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Mammalogists#Mammal_Diversity_Database" title="American Society of Mammalogists">MDD</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1003372">1003372</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammal_Species_of_the_World" title="Mammal Species of the World">MSW</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&id=13001562">13001562</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.106007/">2.106007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NBNSYS0000005121">NBNSYS0000005121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=10090">10090</a></li> <li>NZOR: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/434b353c-0b45-4431-a70e-5f5c568ae97e">434b353c-0b45-4431-a70e-5f5c568ae97e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/85171/">85171</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Department_of_Natural_Resources" title="Ohio Department of Natural Resources">ODNR</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/http://wildlife.ohiodnr.gov/species-and-habitats/species-guide-index/mammals/house-mouse">house-mouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=104205">104205</a></li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierstimmenarchiv" class="extiw" title="de:Tierstimmenarchiv">TSA</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tierstimmen.org/en/database?field_spec_species_target_id_selective=11049">11049</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=993616">993616</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&oldid=1254861010">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&oldid=1254861010</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:IUCN_Red_List_least_concern_species" title="Category:IUCN Red List least concern species">IUCN Red List least concern species</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:House_mouse" title="Category:House mouse">House mouse</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cosmopolitan_mammals" title="Category:Cosmopolitan mammals">Cosmopolitan mammals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mammals_described_in_1758" title="Category:Mammals described in 1758">Mammals described in 1758</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mus_(rodent)" title="Category:Mus (rodent)">Mus (rodent)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Storage_pests" title="Category:Storage pests">Storage pests</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxa_named_by_Carl_Linnaeus" title="Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus">Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mammals_of_Asia" title="Category:Mammals of Asia">Mammals of Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mammals_of_Europe" title="Category:Mammals of Europe">Mammals of Europe</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_April_2015" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from April 2015">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from April 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru)" title="Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)">CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Dutch-language_sources_(nl)" title="Category:CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)">CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_%27species%27_microformats" title="Category:Articles with 'species' microformats">Articles with 'species' microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2015" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2015">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2015" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2015">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2005" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2005">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2005</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Bulgarian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Bulgarian-language text">Articles containing Bulgarian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_external_links_cleanup_from_January_2017" title="Category:Wikipedia external links cleanup from January 2017">Wikipedia external links cleanup from January 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons link is on Wikidata">Commons link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxonbars_with_25%E2%80%9329_taxon_IDs" title="Category:Taxonbars with 25–29 taxon IDs">Taxonbars with 25–29 taxon IDs</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 2 November 2024, at 01:44 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_mouse&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-n58kz","wgBackendResponseTime":169,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.415","walltime":"2.825","ppvisitednodes":{"value":17746,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":394667,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":22724,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":41,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":401181,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":30,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2584.046 1 -total"," 33.29% 860.156 1 Template:Reflist"," 17.60% 454.871 1 Template:Speciesbox"," 17.59% 454.592 66 Template:Cite_journal"," 17.23% 445.316 1 Template:Taxobox/core"," 13.53% 349.713 1 Template:Taxonbar"," 8.74% 225.968 21 Template:Fix"," 6.84% 176.650 8 Template:Navbox"," 6.29% 162.628 14 Template:Citation_needed"," 5.96% 153.985 60 Template:Delink"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.701","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":18528710,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["?","320","18.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","240","13.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity","180","10.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::expandTemplate","160","9.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","120","6.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","120","6.7"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","80","4.5"],["renderMainTable \u003CModule:Navbox:403\u003E","40","2.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","40","2.2"],["gsub","40","2.2"],["[others]","440","24.7"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-6klwk","timestamp":"20241123133854","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"House mouse","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/House_mouse","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q83310","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q83310","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-04-04T15:01:45Z","dateModified":"2024-11-02T01:44:18Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/8f\/Mouse_white_background.jpg","headline":"species of mammal"}</script> </body> </html>