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href="#Queen_consort"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Queen consort</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Queen_consort-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Queen_dowager" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Queen_dowager"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Queen dowager</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Queen_dowager-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Life_under_Richard_III" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_under_Richard_III"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Life under Richard III</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_under_Richard_III-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Life_under_Henry_VII" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_under_Henry_VII"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Life under Henry VII</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_under_Henry_VII-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Issue_of_Elizabeth_Woodville" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Issue_of_Elizabeth_Woodville"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Issue of Elizabeth Woodville</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Issue_of_Elizabeth_Woodville-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Issue of Elizabeth Woodville subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Issue_of_Elizabeth_Woodville-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_John_Grey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_John_Grey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>By John Grey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_John_Grey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_King_Edward_IV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_King_Edward_IV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>By King Edward IV</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_King_Edward_IV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>In literature</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_literature-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In literature subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Non-fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Non-fiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Fiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_portrayals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_portrayals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Media portrayals</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media_portrayals-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media portrayals subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media_portrayals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schools_named_after_Elizabeth_Woodville" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools_named_after_Elizabeth_Woodville"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Schools named after Elizabeth Woodville</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools_named_after_Elizabeth_Woodville-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Elizabeth Woodville</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AB_%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84" title="إليزابيث وودفيل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إليزابيث وودفيل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabela_Woodville" title="Sabela Woodville – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sabela Woodville" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabet_Vudvil" title="Elizabet Vudvil – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Elizabet Vudvil" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA_%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84" title="الیزابت وودویل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="الیزابت وودویل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville" title="Elizabeth Woodville – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Elizabeth Woodville" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabet_Woodville" title="Elisabet Woodville – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Elisabet Woodville" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C5%BEb%C4%9Bta_Woodvillov%C3%A1" title="Alžběta Woodvillová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alžběta Woodvillová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville" title="Elizabeth Woodville – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Elizabeth Woodville" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville" title="Elizabeth Woodville – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Elizabeth Woodville" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville" title="Elizabeth Woodville – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elizabeth Woodville" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville" title="Elizabeth Woodville – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elizabeth Woodville" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%AC%CE%B2%CE%B5%CF%84_%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BB" title="Ελισάβετ Γούντβιλ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελισάβετ Γούντβιλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_Woodville" title="Isabel Woodville – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Isabel Woodville" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville" title="Elizabeth Woodville – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elizabeth Woodville" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabet_Woodville" title="Elisabet Woodville – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Elisabet Woodville" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA_%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84" title="الیزابت وودویل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الیزابت وودویل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Woodville" title="Élisabeth Woodville – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Élisabeth Woodville" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%98%EB%A6%AC%EC%9E%90%EB%B2%A0%EC%8A%A4_%EC%9A%B0%EB%93%9C%EB%B9%8C" title="엘리자베스 우드빌 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="엘리자베스 우드빌" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%A9_%D5%8E%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A4%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%AC" title="Էլիզաբեթ Վուդվիլ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էլիզաբեթ Վուդվիլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeta_Woodville" title="Elizabeta Woodville – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Elizabeta Woodville" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabetta_Woodville" title="Elisabetta Woodville – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elisabetta Woodville" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C" title="אליזבת וודוויל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אליזבת וודוויל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%97_%E1%83%95%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ელიზაბეთ ვუდვილი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ელიზაბეთ ვუდვილი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabetha_Woodville" title="Elisabetha Woodville – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Elisabetha Woodville" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodville_Erzs%C3%A9bet_angol_kir%C3%A1lyn%C3%A9" title="Woodville Erzsébet angol királyné – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Woodville Erzsébet angol királyné" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2" title="एलिझाबेथ वूडव्हिल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="एलिझाबेथ वूडव्हिल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AB_%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84" title="اليزابيث وودفيل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اليزابيث وودفيل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville" title="Elizabeth Woodville – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Elizabeth Woodville" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B6%E3%83%99%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AB" title="エリザベス・ウッドヴィル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エリザベス・ウッドヴィル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville" title="Elizabeth Woodville – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Elizabeth Woodville" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%C5%BCbieta_Woodville" title="Elżbieta Woodville – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Elżbieta Woodville" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel_Woodville" title="Isabel Woodville – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Isabel Woodville" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville" title="Elizabeth Woodville – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Elizabeth Woodville" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB,_%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Вудвилл, Елизавета – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вудвилл, Елизавета" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville" title="Elizabeth Woodville – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Elizabeth Woodville" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Елизабета Вудвил – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Елизабета Вудвил" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabet_Woodville" title="Elisabet Woodville – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Elisabet Woodville" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabet_Woodville" title="Elisabet Woodville – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Elisabet Woodville" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%98_%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C" title="เอลิซาเบธ วูดวิลล์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอลิซาเบธ วูดวิลล์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville" title="Elizabeth Woodville – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Elizabeth Woodville" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB" title="Єлизавета Вудвіл – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Єлизавета Вудвіл" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville" title="Elizabeth Woodville – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Elizabeth Woodville" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E4%B8%BD%E8%8E%8E%E7%99%BD%C2%B7%E4%BC%8D%E5%BE%B7%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94" title="伊丽莎白·伍德维尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊丽莎白·伍德维尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Queen of England (1464–70, 1471–83)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Elizabeth Woodville</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:ElizabethWoodville.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/ElizabethWoodville.JPG/220px-ElizabethWoodville.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/ElizabethWoodville.JPG/330px-ElizabethWoodville.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/ElizabethWoodville.JPG/440px-ElizabethWoodville.JPG 2x" data-file-width="894" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Posthumous portrait, 16th century</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Queen_consort_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen consort of England">Queen consort of England</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tenures</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1 May 1464 – <span class="nowrap">3 October 1470</span></li><li>11 April 1471 – <span class="nowrap">9 April 1483</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">Coronation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">26 May 1465</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1437, possibly October</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Grafton_Regis" title="Grafton Regis">Grafton Regis</a>, Northamptonshire, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">8 June 1492 (aged 54–55)<br /><a href="/wiki/Bermondsey_Abbey" title="Bermondsey Abbey">Bermondsey Abbey</a>, Surrey, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data">12 June 1492<br /><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Chapel,_Windsor_Castle" title="St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle">St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Grey_of_Groby" title="John Grey of Groby">Sir John Grey</a><br />(<abbr title="marriage">m.</abbr> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1452</span>; died 1461)</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward IV of England">Edward IV of England</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1464; died 1483)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i><a href="#Issue_of_Elizabeth_Woodville">more...</a></i></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Grey,_1st_Marquess_of_Dorset" title="Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset">Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Grey" title="Richard Grey">Richard Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_York" title="Elizabeth of York">Elizabeth, Queen of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_York" title="Mary of York">Mary of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecily_of_York" title="Cecily of York">Cecily, Viscountess Welles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_V_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward V of England">Edward V of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_York_(1472)" title="Margaret of York (1472)">Margaret of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Shrewsbury,_Duke_of_York" title="Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York">Richard, Duke of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_York_(daughter_of_Edward_IV)" title="Anne of York (daughter of Edward IV)">Anne, Lady Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George,_Duke_of_Bedford" class="mw-redirect" title="George, Duke of Bedford">George, Duke of Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine,_Countess_of_Devon" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine, Countess of Devon">Catherine, Countess of Devon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridget_of_York" title="Bridget of York">Bridget of York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Woodville,_1st_Earl_Rivers" title="Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers">Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jacquetta_of_Luxembourg" title="Jacquetta of Luxembourg">Jacquetta of Luxembourg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="notpageimage infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ElizabethWoodvilleSignature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Elizabeth Woodville's signature"><img alt="Elizabeth Woodville's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/ElizabethWoodvilleSignature.svg/125px-ElizabethWoodvilleSignature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/ElizabethWoodvilleSignature.svg/188px-ElizabethWoodvilleSignature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/ElizabethWoodvilleSignature.svg/250px-ElizabethWoodvilleSignature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="563" data-file-height="164" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Elizabeth Woodville</b> (also spelt <b>Wydville</b>, <b>Wydeville</b>, or <b>Widvile</b>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> c. 1437<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – 8 June 1492), known as <b>Dame Elizabeth Grey</b> during her first marriage, was <a href="/wiki/List_of_English_royal_consorts" title="List of English royal consorts">Queen consort of England</a> from 1 May 1464 until 3 October 1470 and from 11 April 1471 until 9 April 1483 as the wife of King <a href="/wiki/Edward_IV" title="Edward IV">Edward IV</a>. She was a key figure in the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses">Wars of the Roses</a>, a dynastic civil war between the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">Lancastrian</a> and the <a href="/wiki/House_of_York" title="House of York">Yorkist</a> factions between 1455 and 1487. </p><p>At the time of her birth, Elizabeth's family was of <a href="/wiki/Landed_gentry" title="Landed gentry">middle rank</a> in the English <a href="/wiki/Social_hierarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Social hierarchy">social hierarchy</a>. Her mother, <a href="/wiki/Jacquetta_of_Luxembourg" title="Jacquetta of Luxembourg">Jacquetta of Luxembourg</a>, had previously been an aunt-by-marriage to <a href="/wiki/King_Henry_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="King Henry VI">King Henry VI</a>, and was the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Peter_I,_Count_of_Saint-Pol" title="Peter I, Count of Saint-Pol">Peter I, Count of Saint-Pol</a>. Elizabeth's first marriage was to a minor supporter of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">House of Lancaster</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Grey_of_Groby" title="John Grey of Groby">John Grey of Groby</a>. He died at the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_St_Albans" title="Second Battle of St Albans">Second Battle of St Albans</a> in 1461, leaving Elizabeth a widowed mother of two young sons. </p><p>Elizabeth's second marriage, in 1464, to Edward IV became a <a href="/wiki/Cause_c%C3%A9l%C3%A8bre" title="Cause célèbre">cause célèbre</a>. Elizabeth was known for her beauty but came from minor nobility with no great estates, and the marriage took place in secret. Edward was the first king of England since the <a href="/wiki/Norman_Conquest" title="Norman Conquest">Norman Conquest</a> to marry one of his subjects,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Elizabeth was the first such consort to be crowned queen.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple had ten children together. The marriage greatly enriched Elizabeth's siblings and children, but their advancement incurred the hostility of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick" title="Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick">Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, "The Kingmaker"</a>, and his various alliances with the most senior figures in the increasingly divided royal family. This hostility turned into open discord between King Edward and Warwick, leading to a battle of wills that finally resulted in Warwick's switching allegiance to the Lancastrian cause, and to the execution of Elizabeth's father, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Woodville,_1st_Earl_Rivers" title="Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers">Richard Woodville</a>, and her brother, <a href="/wiki/John_Woodville" title="John Woodville">John</a>, by Warwick in 1469. </p><p>After the death of her husband in 1483, Elizabeth remained politically influential even after her son, briefly proclaimed King <a href="/wiki/Edward_V" title="Edward V">Edward V</a>, was <a href="/wiki/Deposed" class="mw-redirect" title="Deposed">deposed</a> by her brother-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Richard_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard III">Richard III</a>. Edward and his younger brother <a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Shrewsbury,_Duke_of_York" title="Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York">Richard</a> <a href="/wiki/Princes_in_the_Tower" title="Princes in the Tower">both disappeared</a> soon afterwards, and are presumed by some historians to have been murdered on Richard III's orders; conversely, there is evidence to the contrary as well, and it is uncertain who actually was responsible for their disappearances. Elizabeth subsequently played an important role in securing the accession of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry VII</a> in 1485. </p><p>Henry married Elizabeth's eldest daughter, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_York" title="Elizabeth of York">Elizabeth of York</a>, which ended the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses">Wars of the Roses</a> and established the <a href="/wiki/Tudor_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Tudor dynasty">Tudor dynasty</a>. Through her daughter, Elizabeth Woodville was a grandmother of the future <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a>. Elizabeth was forced to yield pre-eminence to Henry VII's mother, <a href="/wiki/Lady_Margaret_Beaufort" title="Lady Margaret Beaufort">Lady Margaret Beaufort</a>; her influence on events in these years, and her eventual departure from court into retirement, remain obscure.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-baldwin-EWMOPT_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baldwin-EWMOPT-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_first_marriage">Early life and first marriage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Woodville&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and first marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elizabeth Woodville was born in about 1437 (no record of her birth survives), at <a href="/wiki/Grafton_Regis" title="Grafton Regis">Grafton Regis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a>. She was the firstborn child of a socially unequal marriage between <a href="/wiki/Richard_Woodville,_1st_Earl_Rivers" title="Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers">Richard Woodville</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jacquetta_of_Luxembourg" title="Jacquetta of Luxembourg">Jacquetta of Luxembourg</a>, which briefly scandalised the English court. The Woodvilles, though an old and respectable family, were <a href="/wiki/Gentry" title="Gentry">gentry</a> rather than noble, a <a href="/wiki/Landed_gentry" title="Landed gentry">landed</a> and wealthy family that had previously produced commissioners of the peace, sheriffs, and <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">MPs</a>, rather than peers of the realm. Elizabeth's mother, in contrast, was the eldest daughter of <a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter I of Luxembourg">Peter I of Luxembourg</a>, Count of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Saint-Pol" title="County of Saint-Pol">Saint-Pol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conversano" title="Conversano">Conversano</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brienne" class="mw-redirect" title="Brienne">Brienne</a>, and as the widow of <a href="/wiki/John_of_Lancaster,_Duke_of_Bedford" title="John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford">John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford</a>, uncle of King <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI of England</a>, was before her second marriage one of the highest ranking women in England.<sup id="cite_ref-baldwin-EWMOPT_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baldwin-EWMOPT-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Jacquetta had pledged, upon the death of her first husband, that she would not remarry without first obtaining royal permission, and as royal permission to marry Woodville was out of the question, the pair married secretly. When the marriage became public knowledge, the couple was heavily fined, but was pardoned on 24 October 1437: it has been conjectured that the pardon coincided with the birth of Elizabeth, the couple's firstborn child.<sup id="cite_ref-baldwin-EWMOPT_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baldwin-EWMOPT-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oxforddnb_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxforddnb-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around 1452<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Conflicts with John Grey's article (March 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, Elizabeth Woodville married <a href="/wiki/John_Grey_of_Groby" title="John Grey of Groby">John Grey of Groby</a>, the heir to the <a href="/wiki/Baron_Ferrers_of_Groby" title="Baron Ferrers of Groby">Barony Ferrers of Groby</a>. He was killed at the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_St_Albans" title="Second Battle of St Albans">Second Battle of St Albans</a> in 1461, fighting for the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">Lancastrian</a> cause. This would become a source of irony, since Elizabeth's future husband Edward IV was the <a href="/wiki/Yorkist" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkist">Yorkist</a> claimant to the throne. Elizabeth Woodville's two sons from this first marriage were <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Grey,_1st_Marquess_of_Dorset" title="Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset">Thomas Grey</a> (later <a href="/wiki/Marquess_of_Dorset" title="Marquess of Dorset">Marquess of Dorset</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Grey" title="Richard Grey">Richard Grey</a>. </p><p>Elizabeth Woodville was called "the most beautiful woman in the Island of Britain" with "heavy-lidded eyes like those of a <a href="/wiki/Dragon" title="Dragon">dragon</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_a_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_a-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Queen_consort">Queen consort</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Woodville&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Queen consort"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marriage_Edward_IV_Elizabeth_Woodville_miniature_Wavrin_Anciennes_Chroniques_d%27Angleterre_Francais_85_f109.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Marriage_Edward_IV_Elizabeth_Woodville_miniature_Wavrin_Anciennes_Chroniques_d%27Angleterre_Francais_85_f109.jpeg/220px-Marriage_Edward_IV_Elizabeth_Woodville_miniature_Wavrin_Anciennes_Chroniques_d%27Angleterre_Francais_85_f109.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Marriage_Edward_IV_Elizabeth_Woodville_miniature_Wavrin_Anciennes_Chroniques_d%27Angleterre_Francais_85_f109.jpeg/330px-Marriage_Edward_IV_Elizabeth_Woodville_miniature_Wavrin_Anciennes_Chroniques_d%27Angleterre_Francais_85_f109.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Marriage_Edward_IV_Elizabeth_Woodville_miniature_Wavrin_Anciennes_Chroniques_d%27Angleterre_Francais_85_f109.jpeg/440px-Marriage_Edward_IV_Elizabeth_Woodville_miniature_Wavrin_Anciennes_Chroniques_d%27Angleterre_Francais_85_f109.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3368" data-file-height="3312" /></a><figcaption>Illuminated miniature depicting the marriage of <a href="/wiki/Edward_IV" title="Edward IV">Edward IV</a> and Elizabeth Woodville, <i><a href="/wiki/Anciennes_Chroniques_d%27Angleterre" class="mw-redirect" title="Anciennes Chroniques d'Angleterre">Anciennes Chroniques d'Angleterre</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Wavrin" title="Jean de Wavrin">Jean de Wavrin</a>, 15th century</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EdwardIV.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/EdwardIV.JPG" decoding="async" width="181" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="181" data-file-height="227" /></a><figcaption>Elizabeth as queen, with Edward and their <a href="/wiki/Edward_V" title="Edward V">oldest son</a>. From <i><a href="/wiki/Dictes_and_Sayings_of_the_Philosophers" title="Dictes and Sayings of the Philosophers">Dictes and Sayings of the Philosophers</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Lambeth_Palace_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Lambeth Palace Library">Lambeth Palace</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_Wydville,_Queen_of_England,_Mother_of_Elizabeth_of_York,_Grandmother_of_Arthur,_Margaret,_Henry,_and_Mary_Tudor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Elizabeth_Wydville%2C_Queen_of_England%2C_Mother_of_Elizabeth_of_York%2C_Grandmother_of_Arthur%2C_Margaret%2C_Henry%2C_and_Mary_Tudor.jpg/220px-Elizabeth_Wydville%2C_Queen_of_England%2C_Mother_of_Elizabeth_of_York%2C_Grandmother_of_Arthur%2C_Margaret%2C_Henry%2C_and_Mary_Tudor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Elizabeth_Wydville%2C_Queen_of_England%2C_Mother_of_Elizabeth_of_York%2C_Grandmother_of_Arthur%2C_Margaret%2C_Henry%2C_and_Mary_Tudor.jpg/330px-Elizabeth_Wydville%2C_Queen_of_England%2C_Mother_of_Elizabeth_of_York%2C_Grandmother_of_Arthur%2C_Margaret%2C_Henry%2C_and_Mary_Tudor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Elizabeth_Wydville%2C_Queen_of_England%2C_Mother_of_Elizabeth_of_York%2C_Grandmother_of_Arthur%2C_Margaret%2C_Henry%2C_and_Mary_Tudor.jpg/440px-Elizabeth_Wydville%2C_Queen_of_England%2C_Mother_of_Elizabeth_of_York%2C_Grandmother_of_Arthur%2C_Margaret%2C_Henry%2C_and_Mary_Tudor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="479" /></a><figcaption>Elizabeth at the time of her coronation surrounded by pink and white roses, symbolic of her union with Edward IV.</figcaption></figure> <p>Edward IV had many mistresses, the best known of them being <a href="/wiki/Jane_Shore" title="Jane Shore">Jane Shore</a>, and he did not have a reputation for fidelity. His marriage to the widowed Elizabeth Woodville took place secretly and, though there is no documentary evidence of the date, it is traditionally said to have taken place at her family home in <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a> on 1 May 1464.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_b_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_b-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only the bride's mother and two ladies were in attendance. Edward married her just over three years after he had assumed the English throne in the wake of his overwhelming victory over the Lancastrians, at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Towton" title="Battle of Towton">Battle of Towton</a>, which resulted in the displacement of King Henry VI. Edward introduced Elizabeth Woodville as his queen to the royal court at <a href="/wiki/Reading_Abbey" title="Reading Abbey">Reading Abbey</a> on Michaelmas Day (29 September 1464).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elizabeth Woodville was crowned queen on 26 May 1465, a few days after <a href="/wiki/Ascension_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascension Day">Ascension Day</a>. </p><p>In the early years of his reign, Edward IV's governance of England was dependent upon a small circle of supporters, most notably his cousin, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick" title="Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick">Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick</a>. At around the time of Edward IV's secret marriage, Warwick was negotiating an alliance with France in an effort to thwart a similar arrangement being made by his sworn enemy <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou" title="Margaret of Anjou">Margaret of Anjou</a>, wife of the deposed Henry VI. The plan was that Edward IV should marry a French princess. When his marriage to Elizabeth, who was both a <a href="/wiki/Commoner" title="Commoner">commoner</a> and from a family of Lancastrian supporters, became public Warwick was both embarrassed and offended. His relationship with Edward IV was ruined. The match was also badly received by the <a href="/wiki/Privy_council" title="Privy council">privy council</a>, who according to <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Waurin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean de Waurin">Jean de Waurin</a> told Edward with great frankness that "he must know that she was no wife for a prince such as himself". </p><p>With the arrival on the scene of the new queen came many relatives, some of whom married into the most notable families in England.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_c_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_c-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three of her sisters married the sons of the earls of Kent, Essex and Pembroke. Another sister, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Woodville,_Duchess_of_Buckingham_and_Bedford" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine Woodville, Duchess of Buckingham and Bedford">Catherine Woodville</a>, married the queen's 11-year-old ward <a href="/wiki/Henry_Stafford,_2nd_Duke_of_Buckingham" title="Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham">Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham</a>, who later joined Edward IV's brother <a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" title="Richard III of England">Richard, Duke of Gloucester</a>, in opposition to the Woodvilles after the death of Edward IV. Elizabeth's 20-year-old brother <a href="/wiki/John_Woodville" title="John Woodville">John</a> married <a href="/wiki/Lady_Katherine_Neville" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Katherine Neville">Katherine, Duchess of Norfolk</a>, Edward IV and Warwick's aunt. The Duchess had been widowed three times and was in her sixties, so the marriage created a scandal at court. Elizabeth's son, Thomas Grey, married firstly Anne Holland, a niece of Edward, and later <a href="/wiki/Cecily_Bonville,_7th_Baroness_Harington" title="Cecily Bonville, 7th Baroness Harington">Cecily Bonville, 7th Baroness Harington</a>. </p><p>Elizabeth's status as a commoner before her sudden, secret marriage to Edward was primarily the reason for the backlash against her queenship. She was often seen as arrogant and disrespectful for actions that would be seen as normal by a lady of higher rank, such as her predecessor <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou" title="Margaret of Anjou">Margaret of Anjou</a>. Such was Elizabeth's unpopularity that <a href="/wiki/George,_Duke_of_Clarence" class="mw-redirect" title="George, Duke of Clarence">George, Duke of Clarence</a>, rebellious brother of her husband, later even accused her of witchcraft in order to murder his wife <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Neville" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabel Neville">Isabel Neville</a>. Most historians now believe that Isabel died of either consumption or <a href="/wiki/Childbed_fever" class="mw-redirect" title="Childbed fever">childbed fever</a>. </p><p>When Elizabeth Woodville's relatives, especially her brother <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Woodville,_2nd_Earl_Rivers" title="Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers">Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers</a>, began to challenge Warwick's pre-eminence in English political society, Warwick conspired with his son-in-law <a href="/wiki/George,_Duke_of_Clarence" class="mw-redirect" title="George, Duke of Clarence">George, Duke of Clarence</a>, the king's younger brother. One of his followers accused Elizabeth Woodville's mother, Jacquetta of Luxembourg, of practising witchcraft. She was acquitted the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_e_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_e-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Warwick and Clarence twice rose in revolt and then fled to France. Warwick formed an uneasy alliance with the Lancastrian Queen Margaret of Anjou, executed Elizabeth's father and brother after the Yorkist defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Edgecote" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Edgecote">Battle of Edgecote</a>, and restored Margaret's husband Henry VI to the throne in 1470. But the following year, Edward IV returned from exile and defeated Warwick at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Barnet" title="Battle of Barnet">Battle of Barnet</a>, and the Lancastrians at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tewkesbury" title="Battle of Tewkesbury">Battle of Tewkesbury</a>. Henry VI was killed soon afterwards. </p><p>Following her husband's temporary fall from power, Elizabeth Woodville sought <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary" title="Sanctuary">sanctuary</a> in <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>, where she gave birth to a son, Edward (later King <a href="/wiki/Edward_V" title="Edward V">Edward V</a> of England). Her marriage to Edward IV produced a total of ten children, including another son, <a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Shrewsbury,_1st_Duke_of_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York">Richard, Duke of York</a>, who would later join his brother as one of the <a href="/wiki/Princes_in_the_Tower" title="Princes in the Tower">Princes in the Tower</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oxforddnb_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxforddnb-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Five daughters also lived to adulthood. </p><p>Elizabeth Woodville engaged in acts of Christian piety in keeping with conventional expectations of a medieval queen consort. She also became a patroness of <a href="/wiki/Queens%27_College,_Cambridge" title="Queens' College, Cambridge">Queens' College, Cambridge</a>. Her acts included making pilgrimages, obtaining a papal indulgence for those who knelt and said the <a href="/wiki/Angelus" title="Angelus">Angelus</a> three times per day, and founding the chapel of <a href="/wiki/St._Erasmus" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Erasmus">St. Erasmus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_f_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_f-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Queen_dowager">Queen dowager</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Woodville&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Queen dowager"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following Edward IV's sudden death, possibly from pneumonia or being worn out from "high living",<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in April 1483, Elizabeth Woodville became queen dowager. Her young son, <a href="/wiki/Edward_V" title="Edward V">Edward V</a>, became king, with his uncle, <a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" title="Richard III of England">Richard, Duke of Gloucester</a>, acting as <a href="/wiki/Lord_Protector" title="Lord Protector">Lord Protector</a>. In response to the Woodvilles' attempt to monopolise power, Gloucester quickly moved to take control of the young king and had the king's uncle Earl Rivers and half-brother <a href="/wiki/Richard_Grey" title="Richard Grey">Richard Grey</a>, son to Elizabeth, arrested. The young king was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a> to await the coronation. With her younger son and daughters, Elizabeth again sought sanctuary. <a href="/wiki/William_Hastings,_1st_Baron_Hastings" title="William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings">Lord Hastings</a>, the late king's leading supporter in London, initially endorsed Gloucester's actions, but Gloucester then accused him of conspiring with Elizabeth Woodville against him. Hastings was <a href="/wiki/Summarily_executed" class="mw-redirect" title="Summarily executed">summarily executed</a>. Whether any such conspiracy really occurred is not known.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Richard accused Elizabeth of plotting to "murder and utterly destroy" him.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 25 June 1483, Gloucester had Elizabeth Woodville's son Richard Grey and brother <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Woodville,_2nd_Earl_Rivers" title="Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers">Anthony, Earl Rivers</a>, executed in <a href="/wiki/Pontefract_Castle" title="Pontefract Castle">Pontefract Castle</a>, Yorkshire. The <i><a href="/wiki/Titulus_Regius" title="Titulus Regius">Titulus Regius</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – an <a href="/wiki/Act_of_parliament" title="Act of parliament">act of parliament</a> – declared that Edward IV's children with Elizabeth were <a href="/wiki/Bastard_(Law_of_England_and_Wales)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bastard (Law of England and Wales)">illegitimate</a> on the grounds that Edward IV had a precontract with the widow <a href="/wiki/Lady_Eleanor_Talbot" title="Lady Eleanor Talbot">Lady Eleanor Butler</a>, which was considered a legally binding contract that rendered any other marriage contract invalid. One source, the Burgundian chronicler <a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Commines" title="Philippe de Commines">Philippe de Commines</a>, says that <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stillington" title="Robert Stillington">Robert Stillington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Bath_and_Wells" title="Bishop of Bath and Wells">Bishop of Bath and Wells</a>, carried out an engagement ceremony between Edward IV and Lady Eleanor.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The act also contained charges of witchcraft against Elizabeth, but gave no details and the charges had no further repercussions. As a consequence, the Duke of Gloucester and Lord Protector was offered the throne and became King Richard III. Edward V, who was no longer king, and his brother <a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Shrewsbury,_Duke_of_York" title="Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York">Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York</a>, remained in the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>. There are no recorded sightings of them after the summer of 1483. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Letters_Patent_to_the_late_Queen_Annulled_Act_1483"></span> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United Kingdom legislation</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox vevent mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:100%"><span style="font-size:125%">Letters Patent to the late Queen Annulled Act 1483</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;">Act of Parliament</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Coat_of_Arms_of_Richard_III_of_England_%281483-1485%29.svg/140px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Richard_III_of_England_%281483-1485%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Coat_of_Arms_of_Richard_III_of_England_%281483-1485%29.svg/210px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Richard_III_of_England_%281483-1485%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Coat_of_Arms_of_Richard_III_of_England_%281483-1485%29.svg/280px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Richard_III_of_England_%281483-1485%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1450" /></span></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliament of England</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Short_and_long_titles" title="Short and long titles">Long title</a></th><td class="infobox-data description">An Acte for adnullinge letters patentes made to Elizabeth late Wyfe of Sir Jo. Grey.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Citation_of_United_Kingdom_legislation" title="Citation of United Kingdom legislation">Citation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1_Ric._3" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Ric. 3">1 Ric. 3</a>. c. 15</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Dates</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">Royal assent</a></th><td class="infobox-data">20 February 1484</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Other legislation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Repeal" title="Repeal">Repealed by</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Statute_Law_Revision_Act_1948" title="Statute Law Revision Act 1948">Statute Law Revision Act 1948</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><div style="background-color: #ffcccc;">Status: Repealed</div></th></tr></tbody></table> <p>Additionally, Elizabeth was stripped of all her entitlements as queen dowager and her lands reverted to the Crown.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was granted most, but not all, of these lands back in March 1486 by Henry VII.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_under_Richard_III">Life under Richard III</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Woodville&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Life under Richard III"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Now referred to as <b>Dame Elizabeth Grey</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-oxforddnb_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxforddnb-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> she and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Stafford,_Duke_of_Buckingham" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham">Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham</a> (a former close ally of Richard III and now probably seeking the throne for himself) allied themselves with <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beaufort,_Countess_of_Richmond_and_Derby" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby">Margaret Stanley</a> (née <a href="/wiki/House_of_Beaufort" title="House of Beaufort">Beaufort</a>) and espoused the cause of Margaret's son <a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry Tudor</a>, a great-great-great-grandson of <a href="/wiki/King_Edward_III" class="mw-redirect" title="King Edward III">King Edward III</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_g_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_g-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the closest male heir of the Lancastrian claim to the throne with any degree of validity.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To strengthen his claim and unite the two feuding noble houses, Elizabeth Woodville and Margaret Beaufort agreed that the latter's son should marry the former's eldest daughter, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_York" title="Elizabeth of York">Elizabeth of York</a>, who upon the death of her brothers became the heiress of the House of York. Henry Tudor agreed to this plan and in December 1483 publicly swore an oath to that effect in the cathedral in <a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a>, Brittany. A month earlier, an uprising in his favour, led by Buckingham, had been crushed. </p><p>Richard III's first Parliament of January 1484 stripped Elizabeth of all the lands given to her during Edward IV's reign.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 March 1484, Elizabeth and her daughters came out of sanctuary after Richard III publicly swore an oath that her daughters would not be harmed or molested and that they would not be imprisoned in the Tower of London or in any other prison. He also promised to provide them with marriage portions and to marry them to "gentlemen born". Richard also awarded Elizabeth a pension of 700 Marks per year.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family returned to Court, apparently reconciled to Richard III. After the death of Richard III's wife <a href="/wiki/Anne_Neville" title="Anne Neville">Anne Neville</a>, in March 1485, rumours arose that the newly widowed king was going to marry his niece Elizabeth of York.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_h_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_h-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is known that Richard was in negotiation to marry <a href="/wiki/Joanna,_Princess_of_Portugal" title="Joanna, Princess of Portugal">Joana of Portugal</a> and to marry off Elizabeth to <a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_of_Portugal" title="Manuel I of Portugal">Manuel, Duke of Beja</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_under_Henry_VII">Life under Henry VII</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Woodville&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Life under Henry VII"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1485, Henry Tudor invaded England and defeated Richard III at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bosworth_Field" title="Battle of Bosworth Field">Battle of Bosworth Field</a>. As king, Henry VII married <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_York" title="Elizabeth of York">Elizabeth of York</a> and had the <a href="/wiki/Titulus_Regius" title="Titulus Regius">Titulus Regius</a> revoked and all found copies destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elizabeth Woodville was accorded the title and honours of a queen <a href="/wiki/Dowager" title="Dowager">dowager</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scholars differ about why Dowager Queen Elizabeth spent the last five years of her life living at <a href="/wiki/Bermondsey_Abbey" title="Bermondsey Abbey">Bermondsey Abbey</a>, to which she retired on 12 February 1487. Among her modern biographers, David Baldwin believes that Henry VII forced her retreat from the court, while Arlene Okerlund presents evidence from July 1486 that she was already planning her retirement from court to live a religious, contemplative life at Bermondsey Abbey.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_i_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_i-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another suggestion is that her retreat to Bermondsey was forced on her because she was in some way involved in the 1487 Yorkist rebellion of <a href="/wiki/Lambert_Simnel" title="Lambert Simnel">Lambert Simnel</a>, or at least was seen as a potential ally of the rebels.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At Bermondsey Abbey, Elizabeth was treated with the respect due to a dowager queen. She lived on a pension of £400 and received small gifts from Henry VII.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was present at the birth of her granddaughter <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Tudor" title="Margaret Tudor">Margaret</a> at <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Westminster Palace">Westminster Palace</a> in November 1489 and at the birth of her grandson, the future <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwich Palace">Greenwich Palace</a> in June 1491. Her daughter <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_York" title="Elizabeth of York">Elizabeth of York</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry VII</a>, visited her on occasion at Bermondsey, although another one of her other daughters, <a href="/wiki/Cecily_of_York" title="Cecily of York">Cecily of York</a>, visited her more often. </p><p>Henry VII briefly contemplated marrying his mother-in-law to King <a href="/wiki/James_III_of_Scotland" title="James III of Scotland">James III of Scotland</a>, when James III's wife, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Denmark,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland">Margaret of Denmark</a>, died in 1486.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_j_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_j-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> James was killed in battle in 1488. </p><p>Elizabeth Woodville died at Bermondsey Abbey, on 8 June 1492.<sup id="cite_ref-oxforddnb_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxforddnb-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the exception of the queen, who was awaiting the birth of her fourth child, and <a href="/wiki/Cecily_of_York" title="Cecily of York">Cecily of York</a>, her daughters attended the funeral at <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Castle" title="Windsor Castle">Windsor Castle</a>: <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_York_(daughter_of_Edward_IV)" title="Anne of York (daughter of Edward IV)">Anne of York</a> (the future wife of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_3rd_Duke_of_Norfolk" title="Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk">Thomas Howard</a>), <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_York" title="Catherine of York">Catherine of York</a> (the future Countess of Devon) and <a href="/wiki/Bridget_of_York" title="Bridget of York">Bridget of York</a> (a nun at <a href="/wiki/Dartford_Priory" title="Dartford Priory">Dartford Priory</a>). Elizabeth's will specified a simple ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-Lay_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lay-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The surviving accounts of her funeral on 12 June 1492 suggest that at least one source "clearly felt that a queen's funeral should have been more splendid" and may have objected that "Henry VII had not been fit to arrange a more queenly funeral for his mother-in-law", although simplicity was the queen dowager's own wish.<sup id="cite_ref-Lay_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lay-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A letter discovered in 2019, written in 1511 by <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Badoer" title="Andrea Badoer">Andrea Badoer</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian</a> ambassador in London, suggests that she had died of <a href="/wiki/Plague_(disease)" title="Plague (disease)">plague</a>, which would explain the haste and lack of public ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elizabeth was laid to rest in the same <a href="/wiki/Chantry" title="Chantry">chantry</a> as her husband King <a href="/wiki/Edward_IV" title="Edward IV">Edward IV</a> in <a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Chapel,_Windsor_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle">St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oxforddnb_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxforddnb-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Issue_of_Elizabeth_Woodville">Issue of Elizabeth Woodville</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Woodville&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Issue of Elizabeth Woodville"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_John_Grey">By John Grey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Woodville&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: By John Grey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Grey,_1st_Marquess_of_Dorset" title="Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset">Thomas Grey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Huntingdon" title="Earl of Huntingdon">Earl of Huntingdon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marquess_of_Dorset" title="Marquess of Dorset">Marquess of Dorset</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baron_Ferrers_of_Groby" title="Baron Ferrers of Groby">Lord Ferrers de Groby</a> (1455 – 20 September 1501), married first Anne Holland, but she died young without issue; he married second on 18 July 1474, <a href="/wiki/Cecily_Bonville" class="mw-redirect" title="Cecily Bonville">Cecily Bonville</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Suo_jure" title="Suo jure">suo jure</a></i> Baroness Harington and Bonville, by whom he had fourteen children. The disputed queen <a href="/wiki/Lady_Jane_Grey" title="Lady Jane Grey">Lady Jane Grey</a> is a direct descendant of this line.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Grey" title="Richard Grey">Richard Grey</a> (1457 – 25 June 1483) was executed at <a href="/wiki/Pontefract_Castle" title="Pontefract Castle">Pontefract Castle</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_King_Edward_IV">By King Edward IV</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Woodville&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: By King Edward IV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_York" title="Elizabeth of York">Elizabeth of York</a> (11 February 1466 – 11 February 1503), <a href="/wiki/Queen_consort" title="Queen consort">Queen consort</a> of England as the wife of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry VII</a> (reigned 1485–1509). Mother of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a> (reigned 1509–1547).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_York" title="Mary of York">Mary of York</a> (11 August 1467 – 23 May 1482), buried in <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Chapel" class="mw-redirect" title="St George's Chapel">St George's Chapel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Castle" title="Windsor Castle">Windsor Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecily_of_York" title="Cecily of York">Cecily of York</a> (20 March 1469 – 24 August 1507), <a href="/wiki/Viscount" title="Viscount">Viscountess</a> Welles</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_V" title="Edward V">Edward V</a> of England (2 November 1470 – c. 1483), one of the <a href="/wiki/Princes_in_the_Tower" title="Princes in the Tower">Princes in the Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_York_(1472)" title="Margaret of York (1472)">Margaret of York</a> (10 April 1472 – 11 December 1472), buried in <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Shrewsbury,_Duke_of_York" title="Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York">Richard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_York" title="Duke of York">Duke of York</a> (17 August 1473 – c. 1483), one of the <a href="/wiki/Princes_in_the_Tower" title="Princes in the Tower">Princes in the Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_York_(daughter_of_Edward_IV)" title="Anne of York (daughter of Edward IV)">Anne of York</a> (2 November 1475 – 23 November 1511), Lady Howard</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George,_Duke_of_Bedford" class="mw-redirect" title="George, Duke of Bedford">George, Duke of Bedford</a> (March 1477 – March 1479), buried in <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Chapel" class="mw-redirect" title="St George's Chapel">St George's Chapel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Castle" title="Windsor Castle">Windsor Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_York" title="Catherine of York">Catherine of York</a> (14 August 1479 – 15 November 1527), <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Devon" title="Earl of Devon">Countess of Devon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridget_of_York" title="Bridget of York">Bridget of York</a> (10 November 1480 – 1507), nun at <a href="/wiki/Dartford_Priory" title="Dartford Priory">Dartford Priory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:York_Sisters.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/York_Sisters.jpg/220px-York_Sisters.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/York_Sisters.jpg/330px-York_Sisters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/York_Sisters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="284" /></a><figcaption>Elizabeth's daughters by Edward IV</figcaption></figure></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_literature">In literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Woodville&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: In literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of only three lyric poems in <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> ascribed to a woman author,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> alongside "An Anchoress' Hymn to the Virgin" and "Eleanor Percy's Prayer", "My heart is set upon a lusty pin"<sup id="cite_ref-FeuillesMortes2021_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FeuillesMortes2021-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is attributed to one "Queen Elizabeth", sometimes thought to have been Elizabeth Woodville (although the author is also argued<sup id="cite_ref-FeuillesMortes2021_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FeuillesMortes2021-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to have been her daughter, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_York" title="Elizabeth of York">Elizabeth of York</a>). This hymn to <a href="/wiki/Venus_(goddess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Venus (goddess)">Venus</a>, found in one single manuscript,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a complex six-stanza poem<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with rhyme scheme ABABBAA, an "elaboration of the <a href="/wiki/Sestina" title="Sestina">sestina</a>,"<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which the seventh line of each stanza is the same as its first, and the six unique lines of the first stanza provide the first lines for each of the poem's six stanzas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-fiction">Non-fiction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Woodville&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Non-fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Elizabeth Woodville: Mother of the Princes in the Tower</i> (2002) by <a href="/wiki/David_Baldwin_(historian)" title="David Baldwin (historian)">David Baldwin</a></li> <li><i>Elizabeth Wydeville: The Slandered Queen</i> (2005) by Arlene Okerlund</li> <li><i>The Women of the Cousins' War</i> (2011) by <a href="/wiki/Philippa_Gregory" title="Philippa Gregory">Philippa Gregory</a>, David Baldwin and Michael Jones. The book deals with <a href="/wiki/Jacquetta_of_Luxembourg" title="Jacquetta of Luxembourg">Jacquetta of Luxembourg</a> (mother of Elizabeth Woodville) (chapter written by Philippa Gregory), Elizabeth Woodville (chapter written by David Baldwin), and <a href="/wiki/Lady_Margaret_Beaufort" title="Lady Margaret Beaufort">Lady Margaret Beaufort</a> (mother of Elizabeth Woodville's son-in-law King Henry VII) (chapter written by Michael Jones)</li> <li><i>Elizabeth Woodville</i> (2013) by David MacGibbon</li> <li><i>The Woodvilles: The Wars of the Roses and England's Most Infamous Family</i> (2013) by <a href="/wiki/Susan_Higginbotham" title="Susan Higginbotham">Susan Higginbotham</a></li> <li><i>Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville: A True Romance</i> (2016) by Amy Licence</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHollman2020" class="citation book cs1">Hollman, Gemma (1 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S5vsDwAAQBAJ"><i>Royal Witches: Witchcraft and the Nobility in Fifteenth-Century England</i></a>. Pegasus Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64313-395-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64313-395-9"><bdi>978-1-64313-395-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Royal+Witches%3A+Witchcraft+and+the+Nobility+in+Fifteenth-Century+England&rft.pub=Pegasus+Books&rft.date=2020-09-01&rft.isbn=978-1-64313-395-9&rft.aulast=Hollman&rft.aufirst=Gemma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS5vsDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Woodville" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fiction">Fiction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Woodville&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Edward IV's love for his wife is celebrated in sonnet 75 of <a href="/wiki/Philip_Sidney" title="Philip Sidney">Philip Sidney</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Astrophel_and_Stella" title="Astrophel and Stella">Astrophel and Stella</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (written by 1586, first pub. 1591). </p><p>She appears in two of <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>'s plays: <i><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_Part_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VI Part 3">Henry VI Part 3</a></i> (written by 1592), in which she is a fairly minor character, and <i><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_(play)" title="Richard III (play)">Richard III</a></i> (written approx. 1592), where she has a central role. Shakespeare portrays Elizabeth as a proud and alluring woman in <i>Henry VI Part 3</i>. By <i>Richard III,</i> she is careworn from having to defend herself against detractors in the court, including her titular brother-in-law, Richard. She spends much of the play bemoaning her fate as family members and supporters of her are killed, including her two young sons. She is one of Richard's cleverest opponents and among the few who see through him from the beginning, though she is mostly powerless to stop him once he murders her allies in the court. Although most modern editions of <i>Henry VI Part 3</i> and <i>Richard III</i> call her "Queen Elizabeth" in the stage directions, the original Shakespearean Folio never actually refer to her by name, instead calling her first "Lady Grey" and later simply "Queen." </p><p>Novels that feature Elizabeth Woodville as a character include: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_of_the_Barons" title="The Last of the Barons">The Last of the Barons</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bulwer-Lytton" title="Edward Bulwer-Lytton">Edward Bulwer-Lytton</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/7727">Available online</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dickon_(novel)" title="Dickon (novel)">Dickon</a></i> (1929) by <a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Bowen" title="Marjorie Bowen">Marjorie Bowen</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daughter_of_Time" title="The Daughter of Time">The Daughter of Time</a></i> (1951), <a href="/wiki/Josephine_Tey" title="Josephine Tey">Josephine Tey</a>'s classic mystery.</li> <li><i>The White Rose</i> (1969) by <a href="/wiki/Jan_Westcott" title="Jan Westcott">Jan Westcott</a>.</li> <li><i>The King's Grey Mare</i> (1972) by <a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Hawley_Jarman" title="Rosemary Hawley Jarman">Rosemary Hawley Jarman</a>, a fictionalised biography of Elizabeth Woodville.</li> <li><i>The Woodville Wench</i> (published in US as <i>The Queen Who Never Was</i>) (1972) by <a href="/wiki/Maureen_Peters_(novelist)" title="Maureen Peters (novelist)">Maureen Peters</a>.</li> <li><i>The Sunne in Splendour </i>(1982) by <a href="/wiki/Sharon_Kay_Penman" title="Sharon Kay Penman">Sharon Kay Penman</a>.</li> <li><i>The Sun in Splendour</i> (1982) by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Plaidy" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Plaidy">Jean Plaidy</a>.</li> <li><i>A Secret Alchemy</i> (2009) by <a href="/wiki/Emma_Darwin_(novelist)" title="Emma Darwin (novelist)">Emma Darwin</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_White_Queen_(novel)" title="The White Queen (novel)">The White Queen</a></i> (2009) by <a href="/wiki/Philippa_Gregory" title="Philippa Gregory">Philippa Gregory</a>, which borrows <a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Hawley_Jarman" title="Rosemary Hawley Jarman">Rosemary Hawley Jarman</a>'s supernatural elements from <i>The King's Grey Mare</i>. Elizabeth Woodville also appears in other novels in Gregory's <i><a href="/wiki/Cousins%27_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Cousins' War">Cousins' War</a></i> series.</li> <li><i>The King's Grace</i> (2009) by <a href="/wiki/Anne_Easter_Smith" title="Anne Easter Smith">Anne Easter Smith</a> The life of Edward IV's illegitimate daughter who spent many years in service of the Dowager Queen.</li> <li><i>The Kingmaker’s Daughter</i> (2012) by <a href="/wiki/Philippa_Gregory" title="Philippa Gregory">Philippa Gregory</a>.</li> <li><i>Das Spiel der Könige</i>, a historical novel in German by <a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Gabl%C3%A9" title="Rebecca Gablé">Rebecca Gablé</a>.</li> <li><i>Bloodline</i> (2015) and <i>Ravenspur</i> (2016), in the "War of Roses" series by <a href="/wiki/Conn_Iggulden" title="Conn Iggulden">Conn Iggulden</a></li> <li><i>The Last White Rose</i> (2022) by <a href="/wiki/Alison_Weir" title="Alison Weir">Alison Weir</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_portrayals">Media portrayals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Woodville&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Media portrayals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Woodville&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Richard III</i> (1911): Woodville was played by <a href="/wiki/Violet_Farebrother" title="Violet Farebrother">Violet Farebrother</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_(1912_film)" title="Richard III (1912 film)">Richard III</a></i> (1912): Woodville was played by Carey Lee.</li> <li>In the French film, <i>Les enfants d'Édouard</i> (1914), Woodville was played by <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Delvair" title="Jeanne Delvair">Jeanne Delvair</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jane_Shore" title="Jane Shore">Jane Shore</a></i> (1915): Woodville was played by <a href="/wiki/Maud_Yates" title="Maud Yates">Maud Yates</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London_(1939_film)" title="Tower of London (1939 film)">Tower of London</a></i> (1939): Woodville was played by <a href="/wiki/Barbara_O%27Neil" title="Barbara O'Neil">Barbara O'Neil</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_(1955_film)" title="Richard III (1955 film)">Richard III</a></i> (1955): Woodville was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Mary_Kerridge" title="Mary Kerridge">Mary Kerridge</a>.</li> <li>In the Hungarian TV movie <i>III. Richárd</i> (1973) Woodville was played by Rita Békés.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_(1995_film)" title="Richard III (1995 film)">Richard III</a></i> (1995): Woodville was played by <a href="/wiki/Annette_Bening" title="Annette Bening">Annette Bening</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Looking_for_Richard" title="Looking for Richard">Looking for Richard</a></i> (1996): Woodville was played by Penelope Allen.</li> <li><i>Richard III</i> (2005): Woodville was played by Caroline Burns Cooke.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_(2007_film)" title="Richard III (2007 film)">Richard III</a></i> (2007): Woodville was played by <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Conchita_Alonso" title="María Conchita Alonso">María Conchita Alonso</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Woodville&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Age_of_Kings" title="An Age of Kings">An Age of Kings</a></i> (1960): Woodville was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Jane_Wenham_(actress)" title="Jane Wenham (actress)">Jane Wenham</a>.</li> <li><i> Wars of the Roses</i> (1965): Woodville was played by <a href="/wiki/Susan_Engel" title="Susan Engel">Susan Engel</a>.</li> <li><i> The Shadow of the Tower</i> (1972): Woodville was played by <a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Bidmead" title="Stephanie Bidmead">Stephanie Bidmead</a></li> <li><i>The Third Part of Henry the Sixth</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tragedy_of_Richard_III" class="mw-redirect" title="The Tragedy of Richard III">The Tragedy of Richard III</a></i> (1983): Woodville was played by <a href="/wiki/Rowena_Cooper" title="Rowena Cooper">Rowena Cooper</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_White_Queen_(miniseries)" class="mw-redirect" title="The White Queen (miniseries)">The White Queen</a></i> (2013): Woodville was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Ferguson" title="Rebecca Ferguson">Rebecca Ferguson</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollow_Crown_(TV_series)" title="The Hollow Crown (TV series)">The Hollow Crown</a></i>, <i>Henry VI</i> and <i>Richard III</i> (2016): Woodville was played by <a href="/wiki/Keeley_Hawes" title="Keeley Hawes">Keeley Hawes</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_White_Princess_(miniseries)" title="The White Princess (miniseries)">The White Princess</a></i> (2017): Woodville was played by <a href="/wiki/Essie_Davis" title="Essie Davis">Essie Davis</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Woodville&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In 2020, Vicki Manser portrayed Elizabeth Woodville on the <a href="/wiki/Cast_recording" title="Cast recording">cast recording</a> of <i>A Mother's War</i>, a musical based on the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses">Wars of the Roses</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Schools_named_after_Elizabeth_Woodville">Schools named after Elizabeth Woodville</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Woodville&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Schools named after Elizabeth Woodville"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Elizabeth Woodville Primary School, <a href="/wiki/Groby" title="Groby">Groby</a>, Leicestershire (1971).<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville_School" title="Elizabeth Woodville School">Elizabeth Woodville Secondary School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roade" title="Roade">Roade</a>, Northamptonshire (2011).<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arms">Arms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Woodville&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="max-width: 100%"> <caption class="nowrap">Coat of arms of Elizabeth Woodville </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 220px;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Elizabeth_Woodville.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_Arms_of_Elizabeth_Woodville.svg/220px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Elizabeth_Woodville.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_Arms_of_Elizabeth_Woodville.svg/330px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Elizabeth_Woodville.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_Arms_of_Elizabeth_Woodville.svg/440px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Elizabeth_Woodville.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1489" data-file-height="1059" /></a></span> </td> <td style="min-width:175px;"> <dl><dt>Escutcheon</dt> <dd>Elizabeth Woodville's arms as queen consort, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_arms_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal arms of England">royal arms of England</a> <a href="/wiki/Impalement_(heraldry)" title="Impalement (heraldry)">impaling</a> Woodville (Quarterly, first argent: a lion rampant double queued gules, crowned or (Luxembourg, her mother's family); second: quarterly, I and IV: gules a star of eight points argent; II and III: azure, semée of fleurs de lys or (Baux); third: barry argent and azure, overall a lion rampant gules (Lusignan); fourth: gules, three bendlets argent, on a chief of the first, charged with a fillet in base or, a rose of the second (Orsini); fifth: three pallets vairy, on a chief or a label of five points azure (Châtillon); and sixth, argent a fess and a canton conjoined gules (Woodville))</dd> <dt>Supporters</dt> <dd>Dexter, a lion argent. Sinister, a greyhound argent collared gules.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Woodville&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Although the spelling of the family name is usually modernised to "Woodville", it was spelt "Wydeville" in contemporary publications by Caxton, but her tomb at St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle is inscribed thus: "Edward IV and his Queen Elizabeth Widvile".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_England" title="John, King of England">John</a>'s marriage to <a href="/wiki/Isabel_of_Gloucester" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabel of Gloucester">Isabel of Gloucester</a> was annulled shortly after his accession, and she was never crowned; <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_England" title="Henry IV of England">Henry IV</a>'s first wife <a href="/wiki/Mary_de_Bohun" title="Mary de Bohun">Mary de Bohun</a> died before he became king.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry Tudor's claim to the throne was weak, owing to a declaration of <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_England" title="Henry IV of England">Henry IV</a> that barred the accession to the throne of any heirs of the legitimised offspring of his father <a href="/wiki/John_of_Gaunt" title="John of Gaunt">John of Gaunt</a> by his third wife Katherine Swynford. The original act legitimizing the children of John of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford passed by Parliament and the bull issued by the Pope in the matter legitimised them fully, making questionable the legality of Henry IV's declaration.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Woodville&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ref_-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ref_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Karen Lindsey, <i>Divorced, Beheaded, Survived</i>, p. xviii, Perseus Books, 1995.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A Complete History of England with the Lives of all the Kings and Queens thereof; London, 1706. p. 486</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKennettHughesStrypeAdams2019" class="citation web cs1">Kennett, White; Hughes, John; Strype, John; Adams, John; John Adams Library (Boston Public Library) BRL (16 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/completehistoryo02kenn">"A complete history of England: with the lives of all the kings and queens thereof; from the earliest account of time, to the death of His late Majesty King William III. Containing a faithful relation of all affairs of state, ecclesiastical and civil"</a>. London: Printed for Brab. Aylmer ... – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+complete+history+of+England%3A+with+the+lives+of+all+the+kings+and+queens+thereof%3B+from+the+earliest+account+of+time%2C+to+the+death+of+His+late+Majesty+King+William+III.+Containing+a+faithful+relation+of+all+affairs+of+state%2C+ecclesiastical+and+civil&rft.pub=London%3A+Printed+for+Brab.+Aylmer+...&rft.date=2019-06-16&rft.aulast=Kennett&rft.aufirst=White&rft.au=Hughes%2C+John&rft.au=Strype%2C+John&rft.au=Adams%2C+John&rft.au=John+Adams+Library+%28Boston+Public+Library%29+BRL&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcompletehistoryo02kenn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Woodville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJewell1996" class="citation book cs1">Jewell, Helen M. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ud_BAAAAIAAJ&q=political+role+of+elizabeth+woodville&pg=PA135"><i>Women in Medieval England</i></a>. Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780719040177" title="Special:BookSources/9780719040177"><bdi>9780719040177</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+in+Medieval+England&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780719040177&rft.aulast=Jewell&rft.aufirst=Helen+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dud_BAAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dpolitical%2Brole%2Bof%2Belizabeth%2Bwoodville%26pg%3DPA135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Woodville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-baldwin-EWMOPT-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-baldwin-EWMOPT_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baldwin-EWMOPT_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baldwin-EWMOPT_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBaldwin2002" class="citation book cs1">Baldwin, David (2002). <i>Elizabeth Woodville : mother of the princes in the tower</i>. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton Pub. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780750927741" title="Special:BookSources/9780750927741"><bdi>9780750927741</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elizabeth+Woodville+%3A+mother+of+the+princes+in+the+tower&rft.place=Stroud%2C+Gloucestershire&rft.pub=Sutton+Pub&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780750927741&rft.aulast=Baldwin&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Woodville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oxforddnb-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oxforddnb_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oxforddnb_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oxforddnb_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oxforddnb_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oxforddnb_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHicks2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Hicks, Michael (2004). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/8634">"Elizabeth (c.1437–1492)"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F8634">10.1093/ref:odnb/8634</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Elizabeth+%28c.1437%E2%80%931492%29&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F8634&rft.aulast=Hicks&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F8634&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Woodville" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ref_a-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ref_a_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jane Bingham, <i>The Cotswolds: A Cultural History</i>, (Oxford University Press, 2009), 66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ref_b-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ref_b_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Fabian, <i>The New Chronicles of England and France</i>, ed. Henry Ellis (London: Rivington, 1811), 654; "Hearne’s Fragment of an Old Chronicle, from 1460–1470," The Chronicles of the White Rose of York. (London: James Bohn, 1845), 15–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collections.readingmuseum.org.uk/index.asp?page=record&mwsquery=%7Btotopic%7D=%7BReading+Abbey%7D&filename=REDMG&hitsStart=4">"Reading Museum"</a>. <i>collections.readingmuseum.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=collections.readingmuseum.org.uk&rft.atitle=Reading+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcollections.readingmuseum.org.uk%2Findex.asp%3Fpage%3Drecord%26mwsquery%3D%257Btotopic%257D%3D%257BReading%2BAbbey%257D%26filename%3DREDMG%26hitsStart%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Woodville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBaxter2016" class="citation book cs1">Baxter, Ron (2016). <i>The Royal Abbey of Reading</i>. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">122–</span>123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78327-084-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78327-084-2"><bdi>978-1-78327-084-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Abbey+of+Reading&rft.place=Woodbridge&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E122-%3C%2Fspan%3E123&rft.pub=The+Boydell+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-78327-084-2&rft.aulast=Baxter&rft.aufirst=Ron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Woodville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ref_c-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ref_c_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph A. Griffiths, "The Court during the Wars of the Roses". In <i>Princes Patronage and the Nobility: The Court at the Beginning of the Modern Age, cc. 1450–1650.</i> Edited by Ronald G. Asch and Adolf M. Birke. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-920502-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-920502-7">0-19-920502-7</a>. 59–61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ref_e-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ref_e_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Calendar of Patent Rolls, 1467–77, pg. 190.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ref_f-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ref_f_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sutton and Visser-Fuchs, "A 'Most Benevolent Queen;'"Laynesmith, pp. 111, 118–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBucholz2020" class="citation book cs1">Bucholz, R. O. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1104915225"><i>Early modern England 1485–1714 : a narrative history</i></a>. Newton Key (Third ed.). Chichester, West Sussex, UK. p. 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-53222-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-53222-5"><bdi>978-1-118-53222-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1104915225">1104915225</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+modern+England+1485%E2%80%931714+%3A+a+narrative+history&rft.place=Chichester%2C+West+Sussex%2C+UK&rft.pages=40&rft.edition=Third&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1104915225&rft.isbn=978-1-118-53222-5&rft.aulast=Bucholz&rft.aufirst=R.+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1104915225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Woodville" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C. T. Wood, "Richard III, William, Lord Hastings and Friday the Thirteenth", in R. A. Griffiths and J. Sherborne (eds.), <i>Kings and Nobles in the Later Middle Ages</i>, New York, 1986, 156–61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles Ross, <i>Richard III</i>, University of California Press, 1981 p81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1 Ric. III</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPhilipe_de_Commines1877" class="citation book cs1">Philipe de Commines (1877). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/memoirsofphilipd01comm/page/394/mode/2up"><i>The memoirs of Philip de Commines, lord of Argenton, Volume 1</i></a>. 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Harlow, England: Pearson Education. p. 282. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781408204146" title="Special:BookSources/9781408204146"><bdi>9781408204146</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women%27s+Writing+in+Middle+English&rft.place=Harlow%2C+England&rft.pages=282&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Pearson+Education&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781408204146&rft.aulast=Barratt&rft.aufirst=Alexandra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Woodville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FeuillesMortes2021-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FeuillesMortes2021_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FeuillesMortes2021_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMay_(FeuillesMortes)2021" class="citation web cs1">May (FeuillesMortes) (30 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220129202035/https://richmond-rex.tumblr.com/post/655405786792656896/where-does-the-my-heart-is-set-upon-a-lusty-pin">"Where does the "my heart is set upon a lusty pin" quote come from?"</a>. <i>richmond-rex.tumblr.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://richmond-rex.tumblr.com/post/655405786792656896/where-does-the-my-heart-is-set-upon-a-lusty-pin">the original</a> on 29 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=richmond-rex.tumblr.com&rft.atitle=Where+does+the+%22my+heart+is+set+upon+a+lusty+pin%22+quote+come+from%3F&rft.date=2021-06-30&rft.au=May+%28FeuillesMortes%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frichmond-rex.tumblr.com%2Fpost%2F655405786792656896%2Fwhere-does-the-my-heart-is-set-upon-a-lusty-pin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Woodville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJean_R._Brink1994" class="citation book cs1">Jean R. Brink (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n7bMfOlgEgoC&pg=PA321">"Responses to a Pedagogy Survey"</a>. In Betty S. Travitsky; Adele F. Seeff (eds.). <i>Attending to Women in Early Modern England</i>. Newark: University of Delaware Press. p. 321. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780874135190" title="Special:BookSources/9780874135190"><bdi>9780874135190</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Responses+to+a+Pedagogy+Survey&rft.btitle=Attending+to+Women+in+Early+Modern+England&rft.place=Newark&rft.pages=321&rft.pub=University+of+Delaware+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780874135190&rft.au=Jean+R.+Brink&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn7bMfOlgEgoC%26pg%3DPA321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Woodville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSarah_Stanbury2005" class="citation book cs1">Sarah Stanbury (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cteyEYBjdTsC&pg=PA227">"Middle English Religious Lyrics"</a>. In Thomas Gibson Duncan (ed.). <i>A Companion to the Middle English Lyric</i>. Boydell & Brewer. pp. <span class="nowrap">227–</span>41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781843840657" title="Special:BookSources/9781843840657"><bdi>9781843840657</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Middle+English+Religious+Lyrics&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+the+Middle+English+Lyric&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E227-%3C%2Fspan%3E41&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781843840657&rft.au=Sarah+Stanbury&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcteyEYBjdTsC%26pg%3DPA227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Woodville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcNamer2003" class="citation book cs1">McNamer, Sarah (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GtPSOP3jvLYC&pg=PA195">"Lyrics and romances"</a>. In Wallace, David; Dinshaw, Carolyn (eds.). <i>The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Women's Writing</i>. Cambridge UP. pp. <span class="nowrap">195–</span>209. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521796385" title="Special:BookSources/9780521796385"><bdi>9780521796385</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lyrics+and+romances&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Medieval+Women%27s+Writing&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E195-%3C%2Fspan%3E209&rft.pub=Cambridge+UP&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780521796385&rft.aulast=McNamer&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGtPSOP3jvLYC%26pg%3DPA195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Woodville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarratt1992" class="citation book cs1">Barratt, Alexandra, ed. (1992). <i>Women's Writing in Middle English</i>. New York: Longman. pp. <span class="nowrap">275–</span>77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-06192-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-06192-X"><bdi>0-582-06192-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women%27s+Writing+in+Middle+English&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E275-%3C%2Fspan%3E77&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-582-06192-X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Woodville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rpo.library.utoronto.ca/poems/astrophel-and-stella-75">"Astrophel and Stella: 75"</a>. <i>utoronto.ca</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=utoronto.ca&rft.atitle=Astrophel+and+Stella%3A+75&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frpo.library.utoronto.ca%2Fpoems%2Fastrophel-and-stella-75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Woodville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elizabethwoodvilleprimaryschool.co.uk/">"Elizabeth Woodville Primary School"</a>. <i>Elizabethwoodvilleprimaryschool.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Elizabethwoodvilleprimaryschool.co.uk&rft.atitle=Elizabeth+Woodville+Primary+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elizabethwoodvilleprimaryschool.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Woodville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ewsacademy.org.uk/">"The Elizabeth Woodville School"</a>. <i>Ewsacademy.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ewsacademy.org&rft.atitle=The+Elizabeth+Woodville+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fewsacademy.org.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Woodville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBoutell1863" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Boutell" title="Charles Boutell">Boutell, Charles</a> (1863). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/amanualheraldry00boutgoog">"A Manual of Heraldry, Historical and Popular"</a>. London: Winsor & Newton. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/amanualheraldry00boutgoog/page/n403">277</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Manual+of+Heraldry%2C+Historical+and+Popular&rft.place=London&rft.pages=277&rft.pub=Winsor+%26+Newton&rft.date=1863&rft.aulast=Boutell&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famanualheraldry00boutgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AElizabeth+Woodville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Woodville&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Philip Butterworth and Michael Spence, 'William Parnell, supplier of staging and ingenious devices, and his role in the visit of Elizabeth Woodville to Norwich in 1469', Medieval English Theatre 40 (2019) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://boydellandbrewer.com/medieval-english-theatre-40-pb.html">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190612172127/https://boydellandbrewer.com/medieval-english-theatre-40-pb.html">Archived</a> 12 June 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Baldwin_(historian)" title="David Baldwin (historian)">David Baldwin</a>, <i>Elizabeth Woodville</i> (Stroud, 2002) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/2003501109">[2]</a></li> <li>Christine Carpenter, <i>The Wars of the Roses</i> (Cambridge, 1997) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/97007038">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippa_Gregory" title="Philippa Gregory">Philippa Gregory</a>, David Baldwin, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jones_(historian)" title="Michael Jones (historian)">Michael Jones</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Women_of_the_Cousins%27_War" title="The Women of the Cousins' War">The Women of the Cousins' War</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>, 2011)</li> <li>Michael Hicks, <i>Edward V</i> (Stroud, 2003) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/2004401877">[4]</a></li> <li>Rosemary Horrox, <i>Richard III: A Study of Service</i> (Cambridge, 1989) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/88022899">[5]</a></li> <li>J.L. Laynesmith, <i>The Last Medieval Queens</i> (Oxford, 2004) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jOnnCwAAQBAJ&pg=PR3">[6]</a></li> <li>A. R. Myers, <i>Crown, Household and Parliament in Fifteenth-Century England</i> (London and Ronceverte: Hambledon Press, 1985)</li> <li>Arlene Okerlund, <i>Elizabeth Wydeville: The Slandered Queen</i> (Stroud, 2005); <i>Elizabeth: England's Slandered Queen</i> (paper, Stroud, 2006) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/2005482149">[7]</a></li> <li>Charles Ross, <i>Edward IV</i> (Berkeley, 1974) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/74079771">[8]</a></li> <li>George Smith, <i>The Coronation of Elizabeth Wydeville</i> (Gloucester: Gloucester Reprints, 1975; originally published 1935)</li> <li>Anne Sutton and Livia Visser-Fuchs, "'A Most Benevolent Queen': Queen Elizabeth Woodville's Reputation, Her Piety, and Her Books", <i>The Ricardian</i>, X:129, June 1995. PP. 214–245.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Woodville&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Elizabeth_Woodville" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Elizabeth Woodville">Elizabeth Woodville</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718051721/http://www.quns.cam.ac.uk/general-information/historical-fun/queens-college/foundresses-and-patronesses/elizabeth-woodville">Brief notes, the portrait and the coat of arms (Queens' College Cambridge)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp67693">Portraits of Elizabeth Woodville</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery, London</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229214#P1816" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #65BCFF"><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_monarchs" title="List of English monarchs">English royalty</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title last held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou" title="Margaret of Anjou">Margaret of Anjou</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Queen_consort_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen consort of England">Queen consort of England</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_royal_consorts" title="List of English royal consorts">Lady of Ireland</a> </b><br />1 May 1464 – 3 October 1470 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou" title="Margaret of Anjou">Margaret of Anjou</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Queen_consort_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen consort of England">Queen consort of England</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_royal_consorts" title="List of English royal consorts">Lady of Ireland</a> </b><br />11 April 1471 – 9 April 1483 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title next held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Anne_Neville" title="Anne Neville">Anne Neville</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="English,_Scottish_and_British_royal_consorts223" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_consort" title="Template:British consort"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_consort" title="Template talk:British consort"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_consort" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British consort"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="English,_Scottish_and_British_royal_consorts223" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_royal_consorts" title="List of English royal consorts">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_royal_consorts" title="List of Scottish royal consorts">Scottish</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_royal_consorts" title="List of British royal consorts">British</a> royal consorts</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Royal consorts in England until 1603</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Royal consorts in Scotland until 1603</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;padding: 0 0.5em; text-align:center;width:50%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfgifu_of_Shaftesbury" title="Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury">Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelfl%C3%A6d_of_Damerham" title="Æthelflæd of Damerham">Æthelflæd of Damerham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfgifu_(wife_of_Eadwig)" title="Ælfgifu (wife of Eadwig)">Ælfgifu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfthryth_(wife_of_Edgar)" title="Ælfthryth (wife of Edgar)">Ælfthryth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfgifu_of_York" title="Ælfgifu of York">Ælfgifu of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigrid_the_Haughty" title="Sigrid the Haughty">Sigrid the Haughty</a>/<a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%99tos%C5%82awa" title="Świętosława">Świętosława</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ealdgyth_(wife_of_Edmund_Ironside)" title="Ealdgyth (wife of Edmund Ironside)">Ealdgyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_of_Normandy" title="Emma of Normandy">Emma of Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_of_Wessex" title="Edith of Wessex">Edith of Wessex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_of_Mercia" title="Edith of Mercia">Edith of Mercia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Flanders" title="Matilda of Flanders">Matilda of Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Scotland" title="Matilda of Scotland">Matilda of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adeliza_of_Louvain" title="Adeliza of Louvain">Adeliza of Louvain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_I,_Countess_of_Boulogne" title="Matilda I, Countess of Boulogne">Matilda of Boulogne</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Plantagenet,_Count_of_Anjou" title="Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou">Geoffrey Plantagenet</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine" title="Eleanor of Aquitaine">Eleanor of Aquitaine</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_France,_Queen_of_England_and_Hungary" title="Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary">Margaret of France</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berengaria_of_Navarre" title="Berengaria of Navarre">Berengaria of Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Isabella of Angoulême">Isabella of Angoulême</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blanche_of_Castile" title="Blanche of Castile">Blanche of Castile</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Provence" title="Eleanor of Provence">Eleanor of Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Castile" title="Eleanor of Castile">Eleanor of Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_France,_Queen_of_England" title="Margaret of France, Queen of England">Margaret of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_France" title="Isabella of France">Isabella of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippa_of_Hainault" title="Philippa of Hainault">Philippa of Hainault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Bohemia" title="Anne of Bohemia">Anne of Bohemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Valois" title="Isabella of Valois">Isabella of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Navarre,_Queen_of_England" title="Joan of Navarre, Queen of England">Joan of Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Valois" title="Catherine of Valois">Catherine of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou" title="Margaret of Anjou">Margaret of Anjou</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elizabeth Woodville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Neville" title="Anne Neville">Anne Neville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_York" title="Elizabeth of York">Elizabeth of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Aragon" title="Catherine of Aragon">Catherine of Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Boleyn" title="Anne Boleyn">Anne Boleyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Seymour" title="Jane Seymour">Jane Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Cleves" title="Anne of Cleves">Anne of Cleves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Howard" title="Catherine Howard">Catherine Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Parr" title="Catherine Parr">Catherine Parr</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lord_Guildford_Dudley" title="Lord Guildford Dudley">Guildford Dudley</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding: 0 0.5em; text-align:center;width:50%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gruoch" title="Gruoch">Gruoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingibiorg_Finnsdottir" title="Ingibiorg Finnsdottir">Ingibiorg Finnsdottir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland" title="Saint Margaret of Scotland">Margaret of Wessex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethelreda_(daughter_of_Gospatric)" title="Ethelreda (daughter of Gospatric)">Ethelreda of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sybilla_of_Normandy" title="Sybilla of Normandy">Sybilla of Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maud,_Countess_of_Huntingdon" title="Maud, Countess of Huntingdon">Maud of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermengarde_de_Beaumont" title="Ermengarde de Beaumont">Ermengarde de Beaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_England,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Joan of England, Queen of Scotland">Joan of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_de_Coucy" title="Marie de Coucy">Marie de Coucy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_England" title="Margaret of England">Margaret of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolande_of_Dreux,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Yolande of Dreux, Queen of Scotland">Yolande de Dreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_de_Burgh" title="Elizabeth de Burgh">Elizabeth de Burgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_the_Tower" title="Joan of the Tower">Joan of the Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Drummond,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Margaret Drummond, Queen of Scotland">Margaret Drummond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemia_de_Ross" title="Euphemia de Ross">Euphemia de Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabella_Drummond" title="Anabella Drummond">Anabella Drummond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Beaufort,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scots">Joan Beaufort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Guelders" title="Mary of Guelders">Mary of Guelders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Denmark,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland">Margaret of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Tudor" title="Margaret Tudor">Margaret Tudor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_of_Valois" title="Madeleine of Valois">Madeleine of Valois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Guise" title="Mary of Guise">Mary of Guise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II_of_France" title="Francis II of France">Francis II of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stuart,_Lord_Darnley" title="Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley">Henry Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hepburn,_4th_Earl_of_Bothwell" title="James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell">James Hepburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark">Anne of Denmark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Royal_consorts_in_England_and_Scotland_after_the_Union_of_the_Crowns_from_160390"> <ul><li><b>Royal consorts in England and Scotland after the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Crowns" title="Union of the Crowns">Union of the Crowns</a> from 1603</b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark">Anne of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Maria_of_France" title="Henrietta Maria of France">Henrietta Maria of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Braganza" title="Catherine of Braganza">Catherine of Braganza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Modena" title="Mary of Modena">Mary of Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George_of_Denmark" title="Prince George of Denmark">George of Denmark and Norway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_British_royal_consorts_after_the_Acts_of_Union_170763"> <ul><li><b>British royal consorts after the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Acts of Union 1707</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George_of_Denmark" title="Prince George of Denmark">George of Denmark and Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_of_Ansbach" title="Caroline of Ansbach">Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_of_Mecklenburg-Strelitz" title="Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz">Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_of_Brunswick" title="Caroline of Brunswick">Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_Saxe-Meiningen" title="Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen">Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_of_Denmark" title="Alexandra of Denmark">Alexandra of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Teck" title="Mary of Teck">Mary of Teck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_The_Queen_Mother" title="Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother">Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Philip of Greece and Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Camilla" title="Queen Camilla">Camilla Shand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Spouses of debatable or disputed rulers are in <i>italics</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wars_of_the_Roses1069" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Template:Wars of the Roses"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Template talk:Wars of the Roses"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wars of the Roses"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wars_of_the_Roses1069" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses">Wars of the Roses</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Rose_of_Lancaster" title="Red Rose of Lancaster">Red Rose of Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Rose_of_York" title="White Rose of York">White Rose of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_rose" title="Tudor rose">Tudor rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wars_of_the_Roses_family_tree" title="Template:Wars of the Roses family tree">Family tree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_monarchs" title="List of English monarchs">Monarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Red_Rose_of_Lancaster" title="Red Rose of Lancaster"><img alt="Red Rose Badge of Lancaster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/15px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/23px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/30px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_IV" title="Edward IV">Edward IV</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/White_Rose_of_York" title="White Rose of York"><img alt="White Rose of York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/15px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/23px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/30px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_V" title="Edward V">Edward V</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/White_Rose_of_York" title="White Rose of York"><img alt="White Rose of York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/15px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/23px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/30px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" title="Richard III of England">Richard III</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/White_Rose_of_York" title="White Rose of York"><img alt="White Rose of York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/15px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/23px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/30px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry VII</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tudor_rose" title="Tudor rose"><img alt="Tudor rose" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/15px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/23px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/30px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lancaster" title="House of Lancaster">Lancaster</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Red_Rose_of_Lancaster" title="Red Rose of Lancaster"><img alt="Red Rose Badge of Lancaster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/50px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/75px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg/100px-Red_Rose_Badge_of_Lancaster.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span><br /><br /><a href="/wiki/House_of_Tudor" title="House of Tudor">Tudor</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tudor_rose" title="Tudor rose"><img alt="Tudor rose" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/50px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/75px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Tudor_Rose.svg/100px-Tudor_Rose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou" title="Margaret of Anjou">Margaret of Anjou, Queen of England</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elizabeth Woodville, Queen of England</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_4"><sup>4</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_of_Westminster,_Prince_of_Wales" title="Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales">Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Beaufort,_2nd_Duke_of_Somerset" title="Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset">Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Beaufort_(died_1471)" title="Edmund Beaufort (died 1471)">Edmund Beaufort, 4th Duke of Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Beaumont,_1st_Viscount_Beaumont" title="John Beaumont, 1st Viscount Beaumont">John Beaumont, Viscount Beaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Beaufort,_3rd_Duke_of_Somerset" title="Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset">Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sutton,_1st_Baron_Dudley" title="John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley">John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Butler,_5th_Earl_of_Ormond" title="James Butler, 5th Earl of Ormond">James Butler, Earl of Ormond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Butler,_6th_Earl_of_Ormond" title="John Butler, 6th Earl of Ormond">John Butler, Earl of Ormond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Clifford,_9th_Baron_Clifford" title="John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford">John Clifford, Baron Clifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Courtenay,_15th_Earl_of_Devon" title="John Courtenay, 15th Earl of Devon">John Courtenay, Earl of Devon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Holland,_3rd_Duke_of_Exeter" title="Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter">Henry Holland, Duke of Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Neville,_Baron_Neville" title="John Neville, Baron Neville">John Neville, Baron Neville</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><sup>2</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Neville,_1st_Marquess_of_Montagu" title="John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu">John Neville, Marquess of Montagu</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><sup>3</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neville,_16th_Earl_of_Warwick" title="Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick">Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><sup>3</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Neville_(died_1471)" title="Thomas Neville (died 1471)">Thomas Neville, Bastard of Fauconberg</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><sup>3</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Percy,_2nd_Earl_of_Northumberland" title="Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland">Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Percy,_3rd_Earl_of_Northumberland" title="Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland">Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ros,_9th_Baron_Ros" title="Thomas Ros, 9th Baron Ros">Thomas Ros, Baron Ros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stafford,_2nd_Duke_of_Buckingham" title="Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham">Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_4"><sup>4</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Stafford,_1st_Duke_of_Buckingham" title="Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham">Humphrey Stafford, Duke of Buckingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Stanley,_1st_Earl_of_Derby" title="Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby">Thomas Stanley, Earl of Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Stanley,_9th_Baron_Strange" title="George Stanley, 9th Baron Strange">George Stanley, Baron Strange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stanley_(died_1495)" title="William Stanley (died 1495)">William Stanley</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_4"><sup>4</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Talbot,_4th_Earl_of_Shrewsbury" title="George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury">George Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Talbot,_2nd_Earl_of_Shrewsbury" title="John Talbot, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury">John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Trollope" title="Andrew Trollope">Andrew Trollope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Clifford,_8th_Baron_Clifford" title="Thomas Clifford, 8th Baron Clifford">Thomas Clifford, 8th Baron Clifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tuchet,_5th_Baron_Audley" title="James Tuchet, 5th Baron Audley">James Tuchet, Baron Audley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Tudor,_1st_Earl_of_Richmond" title="Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond">Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper_Tudor" title="Jasper Tudor">Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_5"><sup>5</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Margaret_Beaufort" title="Lady Margaret Beaufort">Margaret Beaufort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Tudor" title="Owen Tudor">Owen Tudor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Woodville,_Lord_Scales" title="Edward Woodville, Lord Scales">Edward Woodville, Lord Scales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_York" title="House of York">York</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/White_Rose_of_York" title="White Rose of York"><img alt="White Rose of York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/50px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/75px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg/100px-White_Rose_Badge_of_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Neville" title="Anne Neville">Anne Neville, Queen of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_de_la_Pole,_Earl_of_Lincoln" title="John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln">John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_FitzGerald,_7th_Earl_of_Desmond" title="Thomas FitzGerald, 7th Earl of Desmond">Thomas FitzGerald, Earl of Desmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Herbert,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke_(died_1469)" title="William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 1469)">William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hastings,_1st_Baron_Hastings" title="William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings">William Hastings, Baron Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Howard,_1st_Duke_of_Norfolk" title="John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk">John Howard, Duke of Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Lovell,_1st_Viscount_Lovell" title="Francis Lovell, 1st Viscount Lovell">Francis Lovell, Viscount Lovell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mowbray,_3rd_Duke_of_Norfolk" title="John Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk">John Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neville,_5th_Earl_of_Salisbury" title="Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury">Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Neville_(died_1460)" title="Thomas Neville (died 1460)">Sir Thomas Neville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Neville,_Earl_of_Kent" title="William Neville, Earl of Kent">William Neville, Earl of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Herbert_of_Coldbrook" title="Richard Herbert of Coldbrook">Sir Richard Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund,_Earl_of_Rutland" title="Edmund, Earl of Rutland">Edmund Plantagenet, Earl of Rutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Plantagenet,_Duke_of_Clarence" title="George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence">George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1"><sup>1</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Stafford,_1st_Earl_of_Devon" title="Humphrey Stafford, 1st Earl of Devon">Humphrey Stafford, Earl of Devon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_York" title="Margaret of York">Margaret of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York" title="Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York">Richard of York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_St_Albans" title="First Battle of St Albans">St Albans (First)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loveday_(1458)" title="Loveday (1458)">Loveday (1458)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Blore_Heath" title="Battle of Blore Heath">Blore Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rout_of_Ludford_Bridge" title="Rout of Ludford Bridge">Ludford Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sandwich_(1460)" title="Battle of Sandwich (1460)">Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Tower_of_London_(1460)" title="Siege of the Tower of London (1460)">Siege of the Tower of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Northampton_(1460)" title="Battle of Northampton (1460)">Northampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Worksop" title="Battle of Worksop">Worksop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wakefield" title="Battle of Wakefield">Wakefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mortimer%27s_Cross" title="Battle of Mortimer's Cross">Mortimer's Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_St_Albans" title="Second Battle of St Albans">St Albans (Second)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ferrybridge" title="Battle of Ferrybridge">Ferrybridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Towton" title="Battle of Towton">Towton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Piltown" title="Battle of Piltown">Piltown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hedgeley_Moor" title="Battle of Hedgeley Moor">Hedgeley Moor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hexham" title="Battle of Hexham">Hexham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Edgcote" title="Battle of Edgcote">Edgcote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1470_Lincolnshire_Rebellion" title="1470 Lincolnshire Rebellion">1470 Lincolnshire Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Losecoat_Field" title="Battle of Losecoat Field">Losecoat Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Readeption_of_Henry_VI" title="Readeption of Henry VI">Readeption of Henry VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Barnet" title="Battle of Barnet">Barnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tewkesbury" title="Battle of Tewkesbury">Tewkesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_London_(1471)" title="Siege of London (1471)">Siege of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckingham%27s_rebellion" title="Buckingham's rebellion">Buckingham's rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bosworth_Field" title="Battle of Bosworth Field">Bosworth Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_and_Lovell_rebellion" title="Stafford and Lovell rebellion">Stafford and Lovell rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stoke_Field" title="Battle of Stoke Field">Stoke Field</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Accord" title="Act of Accord">Act of Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issue_of_Edward_III_of_England" title="Issue of Edward III of England">Issue of Edward III of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titulus_Regius" title="Titulus Regius">Titulus Regius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princes_in_the_Tower" title="Princes in the Tower">Princes in the Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonville%E2%80%93Courtenay_feud" title="Bonville–Courtenay feud">Bonville–Courtenay feud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy%E2%80%93Neville_feud" title="Percy–Neville feud">Percy–Neville feud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_George_Plantagenet,_Duke_of_Clarence" title="Fall of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence">Fall of George, Duke of Clarence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neville%E2%80%93Neville_feud" title="Neville–Neville feud">Neville–Neville feud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perkin_Warbeck" title="Perkin Warbeck">Perkin Warbeck</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Deal" title="Battle of Deal">Battle of Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Cornish_uprising_of_1497" title="Second Cornish uprising of 1497">Second Cornish uprising of 1497</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1"><sup>1</sup></span> Briefly joined the Lancastrians. <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_2"><sup>2</sup></span> Briefly joined the Yorkists. <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_3"><sup>3</sup></span> Defected from the Yorkist to the Lancastrian cause. <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_4"><sup>4</sup></span> Initially a Yorkist who later supported the Tudor claim. <span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_5"><sup>5</sup></span> Initially a Lancastrian who later supported the Tudor claim. <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Category:Wars of the Roses">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229214#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1350" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229214#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1350" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229214#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000020871939">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/221311996">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1728657/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/132138824">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50047892">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p250439433">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/11065276">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a 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