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expansions</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Saddlepoint expansions"> <meta name="keywords" content="Saddlepoint expansions"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Saddlepoint expansions"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 49</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Saddlepoint expansions</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Finite Sample Inferences for Weak Instrument Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gubhinder%20Kundhi">Gubhinder Kundhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Rilstone"> Paul Rilstone</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is well established that Instrumental Variable (IV) estimators in the presence of weak instruments can be poorly behaved, in particular, be quite biased in finite samples. Finite sample approximations to the distributions of these estimators are obtained using Edgeworth and Saddlepoint expansions. Departures from normality of the distributions of these estimators are analyzed using higher order analytical corrections in these expansions. In a Monte-Carlo experiment, the performance of these expansions is compared to the first order approximation and other methods commonly used in finite samples such as the bootstrap. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bootstrap" title="bootstrap">bootstrap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Instrumental%20Variable" title=" Instrumental Variable"> Instrumental Variable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edgeworth%20expansions" title=" Edgeworth expansions"> Edgeworth expansions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saddlepoint%20expansions" title=" Saddlepoint expansions"> Saddlepoint expansions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46824/finite-sample-inferences-for-weak-instrument-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46824.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Refined Procedures for Second Order Asymptotic Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gubhinder%20Kundhi">Gubhinder Kundhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Rilstone"> Paul Rilstone</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Refined procedures for higher-order asymptotic theory for non-linear models are developed. These include a new method for deriving stochastic expansions of arbitrary order, new methods for evaluating the moments of polynomials of sample averages, a new method for deriving the approximate moments of the stochastic expansions; an application of these techniques to gather improved inferences with the weak instruments problem is considered. It is well established that Instrumental Variable (IV) estimators in the presence of weak instruments can be poorly behaved, in particular, be quite biased in finite samples. In our application, finite sample approximations to the distributions of these estimators are obtained using Edgeworth and Saddlepoint expansions. Departures from normality of the distributions of these estimators are analyzed using higher order analytical corrections in these expansions. In a Monte-Carlo experiment, the performance of these expansions is compared to the first order approximation and other methods commonly used in finite samples such as the bootstrap. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edgeworth%20expansions" title="edgeworth expansions">edgeworth expansions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20order%20asymptotics" title=" higher order asymptotics"> higher order asymptotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saddlepoint%20expansions" title=" saddlepoint expansions"> saddlepoint expansions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weak%20instruments" title=" weak instruments"> weak instruments</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68155/refined-procedures-for-second-order-asymptotic-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68155.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Polynomially Adjusted Bivariate Density Estimates Based on the Saddlepoint Approximation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20B.%20Provost">S. B. Provost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susan%20Sheng"> Susan Sheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An alternative bivariate density estimation methodology is introduced in this presentation. The proposed approach involves estimating the density function associated with the marginal distribution of each of the two variables by means of the saddlepoint approximation technique and applying a bivariate polynomial adjustment to the product of these density estimates. Since the saddlepoint approximation is utilized in the context of density estimation, such estimates are determined from empirical cumulant-generating functions. In the univariate case, the saddlepoint density estimate is itself adjusted by a polynomial. Given a set of observations, the coefficients of the polynomial adjustments are obtained from the sample moments. Several illustrative applications of the proposed methodology shall be presented. Since this approach relies essentially on a determinate number of sample moments, it is particularly well suited for modeling massive data sets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density%20estimation" title="density estimation">density estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empirical%20cumulant-generating%20function" title=" empirical cumulant-generating function"> empirical cumulant-generating function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moments" title=" moments"> moments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saddlepoint%20approximation" title=" saddlepoint approximation"> saddlepoint approximation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72664/polynomially-adjusted-bivariate-density-estimates-based-on-the-saddlepoint-approximation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72664.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> On Modeling Data Sets by Means of a Modified Saddlepoint Approximation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serge%20B.%20Provost">Serge B. Provost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yishan%20Zhang"> Yishan Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A moment-based adjustment to the saddlepoint approximation is introduced in the context of density estimation. First applied to univariate distributions, this methodology is extended to the bivariate case. It then entails estimating the density function associated with each marginal distribution by means of the saddlepoint approximation and applying a bivariate adjustment to the product of the resulting density estimates. The connection to the distribution of empirical copulas will be pointed out. As well, a novel approach is proposed for estimating the support of distribution. As these results solely rely on sample moments and empirical cumulant-generating functions, they are particularly well suited for modeling massive data sets. Several illustrative applications will be presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empirical%20cumulant-generating%20function" title="empirical cumulant-generating function">empirical cumulant-generating function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endpoints%20identification" title=" endpoints identification"> endpoints identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saddlepoint%20approximation" title=" saddlepoint approximation"> saddlepoint approximation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sample%20moments" title=" sample moments"> sample moments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density%20estimation" title=" density estimation"> density estimation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144553/on-modeling-data-sets-by-means-of-a-modified-saddlepoint-approximation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144553.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Effectiveness of Natural Zeolite in Mitigating Alkali Silica Reaction Expansions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esma%20Gizem%20Daskiran">Esma Gizem Daskiran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Mustafa%20Daskiran"> Mehmet Mustafa Daskiran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the effectiveness of two natural zeolites in reducing expansion of concrete due to alkali-silica reaction. These natural zeolites have different reactive silica content. Three aggregates; two natural sand and one crushed stone aggregate were used while preparing mortar bars in accordance with accelerated mortar bar test method, ASTM C1260. Performance of natural zeolites are compared by examining the expansions due to alkali silica reaction. Natural zeolites added to the mixtures at %10 and %20 replacement levels by weight of cement. Natural zeolite with high reactive silica content had better performance on reducing expansions due to ASR. In this research, using high reactive zeolite at %20 replacement level was effective in mitigating expansions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkali%20silica%20reaction" title="alkali silica reaction">alkali silica reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20zeolite" title=" natural zeolite"> natural zeolite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=durability" title=" durability"> durability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expansion" title=" expansion"> expansion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32640/effectiveness-of-natural-zeolite-in-mitigating-alkali-silica-reaction-expansions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32640.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Exploring Urbanization-Induced Wetland Loss within the Greater Toronto Area from 2005 to 2015</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaushika%20Vinotheeswaran">Kaushika Vinotheeswaran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Greater Toronto Area (GTA), located in Ontario, Canada, is among the fastest-growing metropolitan areas in North America. Rapid urbanization within the GTA has led to increased imperviousness and surface runoff, contributing to wetland loss. Wetland cover and land cover data from the Southern Ontario Land Resource Information System were analyzed to characterize wetland loss to built-up areas and land conversions between 2005 and 2015, evaluating the extent of urbanization-induced wetland loss. Spatial analysis revealed a significant increase in the number of wetlands lost from 2005 to 2011 compared to the period from 2011 to 2015, with these losses attributed to increased urban expansions within the GTA. Non-wetland conversions, such as agricultural and impervious built-up uses to support urban expansions, played a significant role in wetland loss. Current approaches to wetland policy implementation and land-use planning strategies do not effectively identify or mitigate damage to wetlands in advance of development, resulting in significant wetland loss. Therefore, wetland conservation policies must be re-evaluated to address gaps in policy practice and focus on minimizing wetland loss. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wetland%20loss" title="wetland loss">wetland loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization"> urbanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impervious" title=" impervious"> impervious</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pervious" title=" pervious"> pervious</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wetland%20conservation" title=" wetland conservation"> wetland conservation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181640/exploring-urbanization-induced-wetland-loss-within-the-greater-toronto-area-from-2005-to-2015" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181640.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Islamic State: Franchising Jihad through the New Caliphate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janiel%20David%20Melamed%20Visbal">Janiel David Melamed Visbal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Islamic State has become one of the most remarkable threats for international security through their religious extremism and their establishment of a new caliphate by force. The main objective of this organization is to obtain territorial expansions beyond the Middle East and eventually to consolidate an Islamic global order based on their extremist ideology. This paper will conduct an analysis regarding how, over the past year, many jihadist organizations worldwide have pledged their alliagance to the Islamic State, transforming it into the most important jihadist franchise globally. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20state" title="Islamic state">Islamic state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=franchise" title=" franchise"> franchise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jihad" title=" jihad"> jihad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20fundamentalism" title=" Islamic fundamentalism"> Islamic fundamentalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caliphate" title=" caliphate"> caliphate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46178/islamic-state-franchising-jihad-through-the-new-caliphate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46178.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Coupled Space and Time Homogenization of Viscoelastic-Viscoplastic Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarra%20Haouala">Sarra Haouala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Issam%20Doghri"> Issam Doghri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, a multiscale computational strategy is proposed for the analysis of structures, which are described at a refined level both in space and in time. The proposal is applied to two-phase viscoelastic-viscoplastic (VE-VP) reinforced thermoplastics subjected to large numbers of cycles. The main aim is to predict the effective long time response while reducing the computational cost considerably. The proposed computational framework is a combination of the mean-field space homogenization based on the generalized incrementally affine formulation for VE-VP composites, and the asymptotic time homogenization approach for coupled isotropic VE-VP homogeneous solids under large numbers of cycles. The time homogenization method is based on the definition of micro and macro-chronological time scales, and on asymptotic expansions of the unknown variables. First, the original anisotropic VE-VP initial-boundary value problem of the composite material is decomposed into coupled micro-chronological (fast time scale) and macro-chronological (slow time-scale) problems. The former is purely VE, and solved once for each macro time step, whereas the latter problem is nonlinear and solved iteratively using fully implicit time integration. Second, mean-field space homogenization is used for both micro and macro-chronological problems to determine the micro and macro-chronological effective behavior of the composite material. The response of the matrix material is VE-VP with J2 flow theory assuming small strains. The formulation exploits the return-mapping algorithm for the J2 model, with its two steps: viscoelastic predictor and plastic corrections. The proposal is implemented for an extended Mori-Tanaka scheme, and verified against finite element simulations of representative volume elements, for a number of polymer composite materials subjected to large numbers of cycles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymptotic%20expansions" title="asymptotic expansions">asymptotic expansions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20loadings" title=" cyclic loadings"> cyclic loadings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusion-reinforced%20thermoplastics" title=" inclusion-reinforced thermoplastics"> inclusion-reinforced thermoplastics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mean-field%20homogenization" title=" mean-field homogenization"> mean-field homogenization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20homogenization" title=" time homogenization"> time homogenization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30198/coupled-space-and-time-homogenization-of-viscoelastic-viscoplastic-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30198.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">368</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Bi-Dimensional Spectral Basis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelhamid%20Zerroug">Abdelhamid Zerroug</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mlle%20Ismahene%20Sehili"> Mlle Ismahene Sehili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Spectral methods are usually applied to solve uni-dimensional boundary value problems. With the advantage of the creation of multidimensional basis, we propose a new spectral method for bi-dimensional problems. In this article, we start by creating bi-spectral basis by different ways, we developed also a new relations to determine the expressions of spectral coefficients in different partial derivatives expansions. Finally, we propose the principle of a new bi-spectral method for the bi-dimensional problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boundary%20value%20problems" title="boundary value problems">boundary value problems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bi-spectral%20methods" title=" bi-spectral methods"> bi-spectral methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bi-dimensional%20Legendre%20basis" title=" bi-dimensional Legendre basis"> bi-dimensional Legendre basis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20method" title=" spectral method"> spectral method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38573/bi-dimensional-spectral-basis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38573.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Differential Transform Method: Some Important Examples</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Jamil%20Amir">M. Jamil Amir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabia%20Iqbal"> Rabia Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Yaseen"> M. Yaseen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we solve some differential equations analytically by using differential transform method. For this purpose, we consider four models of Laplace equation with two Dirichlet and two Neumann boundary conditions and K(2,2) equation and obtain the corresponding exact solutions. The obtained results show the simplicity of the method and massive reduction in calculations when one compares it with other iterative methods, available in literature. It is worth mentioning that here only a few number of iterations are required to reach the closed form solutions as series expansions of some known functions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20transform%20method" title="differential transform method">differential transform method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laplace%20equation" title=" laplace equation"> laplace equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dirichlet%20boundary%20conditions" title=" Dirichlet boundary conditions"> Dirichlet boundary conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neumann%20boundary%20conditions" title=" Neumann boundary conditions"> Neumann boundary conditions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18605/differential-transform-method-some-important-examples" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">537</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Frequency Identification of Wiener-Hammerstein Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brouri%20Adil">Brouri Adil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giri%20Fouad"> Giri Fouad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The problem of identifying Wiener-Hammerstein systems is addressed in the presence of two linear subsystems of structure totally unknown. Presently, the nonlinear element is allowed to be noninvertible. The system identification problem is dealt by developing a two-stage frequency identification method such a set of points of the nonlinearity are estimated first. Then, the frequency gains of the two linear subsystems are determined at a number of frequencies. The method involves Fourier series decomposition and only requires periodic excitation signals. All involved estimators are shown to be consistent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wiener-Hammerstein%20systems" title="Wiener-Hammerstein systems">Wiener-Hammerstein systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fourier%20series%20expansions" title=" Fourier series expansions"> Fourier series expansions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20identification" title=" frequency identification"> frequency identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automation%20science" title=" automation science"> automation science</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7941/frequency-identification-of-wiener-hammerstein-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7941.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">536</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Epistemic Uncertainty Analysis of Queue with Vacations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baya%20Takhedmit">Baya Takhedmit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karim%20Abbas"> Karim Abbas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofiane%20Ouazine"> Sofiane Ouazine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The vacations queues are often employed to model many real situations such as computer systems, communication networks, manufacturing and production systems, transportation systems and so forth. These queueing models are solved at fixed parameters values. However, the parameter values themselves are determined from a finite number of observations and hence have uncertainty associated with them (epistemic uncertainty). In this paper, we consider the M/G/1/N queue with server vacation and exhaustive discipline where we assume that the vacation parameter values have uncertainty. We use the Taylor series expansions approach to estimate the expectation and variance of model output, due to epistemic uncertainties in the model input parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epistemic%20uncertainty" title="epistemic uncertainty">epistemic uncertainty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M%2FG%2F1%2FN%20queue%20with%20vacations" title=" M/G/1/N queue with vacations"> M/G/1/N queue with vacations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-parametric%20sensitivity%20analysis" title=" non-parametric sensitivity analysis"> non-parametric sensitivity analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taylor%20series%20expansion" title=" Taylor series expansion"> Taylor series expansion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63375/epistemic-uncertainty-analysis-of-queue-with-vacations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63375.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Contribution of Exchange-correlation Effects on Weakly Relativistic Plasma Expansion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Fermous">Rachid Fermous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rima%20Mebrek"> Rima Mebrek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plasma expansion is an important physical process that takes place in laser interactions with solid targets. Within a self-similar model for the hydrodynamic multi-fluid equations, we investigated the expansion of dense plasma. The weakly relativistic electrons are produced by ultra-intense laser pulses, while ions are supposed to be in a non-relativistic regime. It is shown that dense plasma expansion is found to be governed mainly by quantum contributions in the fluid equations that originate from the degenerate pressure in addition to the nonlinear contributions from exchange and correlation potentials. The quantum degeneracy parameter proﬁle provides clues to set the limit between under-dense and dense relativistic plasma expansions at a given density and temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20expansion" title="plasma expansion">plasma expansion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20degeneracy" title=" quantum degeneracy"> quantum degeneracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weakly%20relativistic" title=" weakly relativistic"> weakly relativistic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=under-dense%20%20plasma" title=" under-dense plasma"> under-dense plasma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167933/contribution-of-exchange-correlation-effects-on-weakly-relativistic-plasma-expansion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167933.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Asymptotic Expansion of Double Oscillatory Integrals: Contribution of Non Stationary Critical Points of the Second Kind</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdallah%20Benaissa">Abdallah Benaissa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we consider the problem of asymptotics of double oscillatory integrals in the case of critical points of the second kind, the order of contact between the boundary and a level curve of the phase being even, the situation when the order of contact is odd will be studied in other occasions. Complete asymptotic expansions will be derived and the coefficient of the leading term will be computed in terms of the original data of the problem. A multitude of people have studied this problem using a variety of methods, but only in a special case when the order of contact is minimal: the more cited papers are a paper of Jones and Kline and an other one of Chako. These integrals are encountered in many areas of science, especially in problems of diffraction of optics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymptotic%20expansion" title="asymptotic expansion">asymptotic expansion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20oscillatory%20integral" title=" double oscillatory integral"> double oscillatory integral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20point%20of%20the%20second%20kind" title=" critical point of the second kind"> critical point of the second kind</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optics%20diffraction" title=" optics diffraction"> optics diffraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41450/asymptotic-expansion-of-double-oscillatory-integrals-contribution-of-non-stationary-critical-points-of-the-second-kind" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> An Investigation of Foam Glass Production from Sheet Glass Waste and SiC Foaming Agent</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aylin%20Sahin">Aylin Sahin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Recep%20Artir"> Recep Artir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Kara"> Mustafa Kara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Foam glass is a remarkable material with having incomparable properties like low weight, rigidity, high thermal insulation capacity and porous structure. In this study, foam glass production was investigated with using glass powder from sheet glass waste and SiC powder as foaming agent. Effects of SiC powders and sintering temperatures on foaming process were examined. It was seen that volume expansions (%), cellular structures and pore diameters of obtained foam glass samples were highly depending on composition ratios and sintering temperature. The study showed that various foam glass samples having with homogenous closed porosity, low weight and low thermal conductivity were achieved by optimizing composition ratios and sintering temperatures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foam%20glass" title="foam glass">foam glass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foaming" title=" foaming"> foaming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20glass" title=" waste glass"> waste glass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicon%20carbide" title=" silicon carbide"> silicon carbide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69062/an-investigation-of-foam-glass-production-from-sheet-glass-waste-and-sic-foaming-agent" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69062.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Stock Market Developments, Income Inequality, Wealth Inequality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quang%20Dong%20Dang">Quang Dong Dang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examines the possible effects of stock market developments by channels on income and wealth inequality. We use the Bayesian Multilevel Model with the explanatory variables of the market’s channels, such as accessibility, efficiency, and market health in six selected countries: the US, UK, Japan, Vietnam, Thailand, and Malaysia. We found that generally, the improvements in the stock market alleviate income inequality. However, stock market expansions in higher-income countries are likely to trigger income inequality. We also found that while enhancing the quality of channels of the stock market has counter-effects on wealth equality distributions, open accessibilities help reduce wealth inequality distributions within the scope of the study. In addition, the inverted U-shaped hypothesis seems not to be valid in six selected countries between the period from 2006 to 2020. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayesian%20multilevel%20model" title="Bayesian multilevel model">Bayesian multilevel model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=income%20inequality" title=" income inequality"> income inequality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverted%20u-shaped%20hypothesis" title=" inverted u-shaped hypothesis"> inverted u-shaped hypothesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stock%20market%20development" title=" stock market development"> stock market development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wealth%20inequality" title=" wealth inequality"> wealth inequality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160922/stock-market-developments-income-inequality-wealth-inequality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160922.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Role of Macro and Technical Indicators in Equity Risk Premium Prediction: A Principal Component Analysis Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naveed%20Ul%20Hassan">Naveed Ul Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bilal%20Aziz"> Bilal Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Mushtaq"> Maryam Mushtaq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imran%20Ameen%20Khan"> Imran Ameen Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Equity risk premium (ERP) is the stock return in excess of risk free return. Even though it is an essential topic of finance but still there is no common consensus upon its forecasting. For forecasting ERP, apart from the macroeconomic variables attention is devoted to technical indicators as well. For this purpose, set of 14 technical and 14 macro-economic variables is selected and all forecasts are generated based on a standard predictive regression framework, where ERP is regressed on a constant and a lag of a macroeconomic variable or technical indicator. The comparative results showed that technical indicators provide better indications about ERP estimates as compared to macro-economic variables. The relative strength of ERP predictability is also investigated by using National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) data of business cycle expansion and recessions and found that ERP predictability is more than twice for recessions as compared to expansions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equity%20risk%20premium" title="equity risk premium">equity risk premium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forecasting" title=" forecasting"> forecasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macroeconomic%20indicators" title=" macroeconomic indicators"> macroeconomic indicators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technical%20indicators" title=" technical indicators"> technical indicators</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59606/role-of-macro-and-technical-indicators-in-equity-risk-premium-prediction-a-principal-component-analysis-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Investigation of the Evolutionary Equations of the Two-Planetary Problem of Three Bodies with Variable Masses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhanar%20Imanova">Zhanar Imanova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Masses of real celestial bodies change anisotropically and reactive forces appear, and they need to be taken into account in the study of these bodies' dynamics. We studied the two-planet problem of three bodies with variable masses in the presence of reactive forces and obtained the equations of perturbed motion in Newton’s form equations. The motion equations in the orbital coordinate system, unlike the Lagrange equation, are convenient for taking into account the reactive forces. The perturbing force is expanded in terms of osculating elements. The expansion of perturbing functions is a time-consuming analytical calculation and results in very cumber some analytical expressions. In the considered problem, we obtained expansions of perturbing functions by small parameters up to and including the second degree. In the non resonant case, we obtained evolution equations in the Newton equation form. All symbolic calculations were done in Wolfram Mathematica. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-planet" title="two-planet">two-planet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three-body%20problem" title=" three-body problem"> three-body problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variable%20mass" title=" variable mass"> variable mass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evolutionary%20equations" title=" evolutionary equations"> evolutionary equations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184634/investigation-of-the-evolutionary-equations-of-the-two-planetary-problem-of-three-bodies-with-variable-masses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184634.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Perception of Aerospace Engineering Students in Saudi Arabia on Aviation Sustainability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badr%20A.%20Al-Harbi">Badr A. Al-Harbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahd%20T.%20Abdullah"> Fahd T. Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mazen%20T.%20Wali"> Mazen T. Wali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20W.%20Al-Obaidi"> Mohammed W. Al-Obaidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reda%20M.%20Bakhdlg"> Reda M. Bakhdlg</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the past few years, the aviation society had demonstrated a huge concern for securing the sustainability of commercial aviation. Future aerospace engineers in Saudi Arabia are expected to play a major role in dealing with these aspects, taking into consideration the expected growth in both traffic, passenger mileage, and fleet expansions in the region. In the present work, the authors investigate the perception of engineering students in the two undergraduate aerospace engineering programs in the Kingdom. A questionnaire was distributed using google forms and targeted approximately 300 students in both programs on several WhatsApp groups. Data collection was stopped after one week when a response rate above 35% was reached. The questionnaire aimed at assessing the students’ awareness of sustainable aviation and associated obstacles. The results obtained from the study indicate the necessity of introducing curricular modifications to address the subject with more targeted extracurricular activities and better use of social media, which is becoming a main source of students’ awareness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aviation" title="aviation">aviation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering%20education" title=" engineering education"> engineering education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students%E2%80%99%20perception" title=" students’ perception"> students’ perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20aviation" title=" sustainable aviation"> sustainable aviation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135680/perception-of-aerospace-engineering-students-in-saudi-arabia-on-aviation-sustainability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135680.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> A Multiple Beam LTE Base Station Antenna with Simultaneous Vertical and Horizontal Sectorization </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Sanad">Mohamed Sanad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noha%20Hassan"> Noha Hassan </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A low wind-load light-weight broad-band multi-beam base station antenna has been developed. It can generate any required number of beams with the required beamwidths. It can have horizontal and vertical sectorization at the same time. Vertical sectorization doubles the overall number of beams. It will be very valuable in LTE-A and 5G. It can be used to serve vertically split inner and outer cells, which improves system performance. The intersection between the beams of the proposed multi-beam antenna can be controlled by optimizing the design parameters of the antenna. The gain at the points of intersection between the beams, the null filling and the overlap between the beams can all be modified. The proposed multi-beam base station antenna can cover an unlimited number of wireless applications, regardless of their frequency bands. It can simultaneously cover all, current and future, wireless technology generations such as 2G, 3G, 4G (LTE), --- etc. For example, in LTE, it covers the bands 450-470 MHz, 690-960 MHz, 1.4-2.7 GHz and 3.3-3.8 GHz. It has at least 2 ports for each band in each beam for ±45° polarizations. It can include up to 72 ports or even more, which could facilitate any further needed capacity expansions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=base%20station%20antenna" title="base station antenna">base station antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-beam%20antenna" title=" multi-beam antenna"> multi-beam antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20antenna" title=" smart antenna"> smart antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20sectorization" title=" vertical sectorization"> vertical sectorization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86214/a-multiple-beam-lte-base-station-antenna-with-simultaneous-vertical-and-horizontal-sectorization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86214.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> An Alternative Method for Computing Clothoids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gerardo%20Casal">Gerardo Casal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miguel%20E.%20V%C3%A1zquez-M%C3%A9ndez"> Miguel E. Vázquez-Méndez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The clothoid (also known as Cornu spiral or Euler spiral) is a curve that is characterized because its curvature is proportional to its length. This property makes that it would be widely used as transition curve for designing the layout of roads and railway tracks. In this work, from the geometrical property characterizing the clothoid, its parametric equations are obtained and two algorithms to compute it are compared. The first (classical), is widely used in Surveying Schools and it is based on the use of explicit formulas obtained from Taylor expansions of sine and cosine functions. The second one (alternative) is a very simple algorithm, based on the numerical solution of the initial value problems giving the clothoid parameterization. Both methods are compared in some typical surveying problems. The alternative method does not use complex formulas and so it is conceptually very simple and easy to apply. It gives good results, even if the classical method goes wrong (if the quotient between length and radius of curvature is high), needs no subsequent translations nor rotations and, consequently, it seems an efficient tool for designing the layout of roads and railway tracks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transition%20curves" title="transition curves">transition curves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=railroad%20and%20highway%20engineering" title=" railroad and highway engineering"> railroad and highway engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Runge-Kutta%20methods" title=" Runge-Kutta methods"> Runge-Kutta methods</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33251/an-alternative-method-for-computing-clothoids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33251.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Early Design Prediction of Submersible Maneuvers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hernani%20Brinati">Hernani Brinati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mardel%20de%20Conti"> Mardel de Conti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moyses%20Szajnbok"> Moyses Szajnbok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valentina%20Domiciano"> Valentina Domiciano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study brings a mathematical model and examples for the numerical prediction of submersible maneuvers in the horizontal and in the vertical planes. The geometry of the submarine is here taken as a body of revolution plus a sail, two horizontal and two vertical rudders. The model includes the representation of the hull resistance and of the propeller thrust and torque, what enables to consider the variation of the longitudinal component of the velocity of the ship when maneuvering. The hydrodynamic forces are represented through power series expansions of the acceleration and velocity components. The hydrodynamic derivatives for the body of revolution are mostly estimated based on fundamental principles applicable to the flow around airplane fuselages in the subsonic regime. The hydrodynamic forces for the sail and rudders are estimated based on a finite aspect ratio wing theory. The objective of this study is to build an expedite model for submarine maneuvers prediction, based on fundamental principles, which may be convenient in the early stages of the ship design. This model is tested against available numerical and experimental data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=submarine%20maneuvers" title="submarine maneuvers">submarine maneuvers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=submarine" title=" submarine"> submarine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maneuvering" title=" maneuvering"> maneuvering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamics" title=" dynamics"> dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13769/early-design-prediction-of-submersible-maneuvers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13769.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">636</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Structural, Elastic, Vibrational and Thermal Properties of Perovskites AHfO3 (a=Ba,Sr,Eu)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Krarcha">H. Krarcha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The structural, elastic, vibrational and thermal properties of AHfO3 compounds with the cubic perovskites structure have been investigated, by employing a first principles method, using the plane wave pseudo potential calculations (PP-PW), based on the density functional theory (DFT), within the local density approximation (LDA). The optimized lattice parameters, independent elastic constants (C11, C12 and C44), bulk modulus (B), compressibility (b), shear modulus (G), Young’s modulus (Y ), Poisson’s ratio (n), Lame´’s coefficients (m, l), as well as band structure, density of states and electron density distributions are obtained and analyzed in comparison with the available theoretical and experimental data. For the first time the numerical estimates of elastic parameters of the polycrystalline AHfO3 ceramics (in framework of the VoigteReusseHill approximation) are performed. The quasi-harmonic Debye model, by means of total energy versus volume calculations obtained with the FP-LAPW method, is applied to study the thermal and vibrational effects. Predicted temperature and pressure effects on the structural parameters, thermal expansions, heat capacities, and Debye temperatures are determined from the non-equilibrium Gibbs functions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hafnium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20propreties" title=" elastic propreties"> elastic propreties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first%20principles%20calculation" title=" first principles calculation"> first principles calculation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perovskite" title=" perovskite"> perovskite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32692/structural-elastic-vibrational-and-thermal-properties-of-perovskites-ahfo3-abasreu" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32692.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Classifying Facial Expressions Based on a Motion Local Appearance Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabiola%20M.%20Villalobos-Castaldi">Fabiola M. Villalobos-Castaldi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicol%C3%A1s%20C.%20Kemper"> Nicolás C. Kemper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esther%20Rojas-Krugger"> Esther Rojas-Krugger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20G.%20Ram%C3%ADrez-S%C3%A1nchez"> Laura G. Ramírez-Sánchez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the classification results about exploring the combination of a motion based approach with a local appearance method to describe the facial motion caused by the muscle contractions and expansions that are presented in facial expressions. The proposed feature extraction method take advantage of the knowledge related to which parts of the face reflects the highest deformations, so we selected 4 specific facial regions at which the appearance descriptor were applied. The most common used approaches for feature extraction are the holistic and the local strategies. In this work we present the results of using a local appearance approach estimating the correlation coefficient to the 4 corresponding landmark-localized facial templates of the expression face related to the neutral face. The results let us to probe how the proposed motion estimation scheme based on the local appearance correlation computation can simply and intuitively measure the motion parameters for some of the most relevant facial regions and how these parameters can be used to recognize facial expressions automatically. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facial%20expression%20recognition%20system" title="facial expression recognition system">facial expression recognition system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feature%20extraction" title=" feature extraction"> feature extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local-appearance%20method" title=" local-appearance method"> local-appearance method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motion-based%20approach" title=" motion-based approach"> motion-based approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27632/classifying-facial-expressions-based-on-a-motion-local-appearance-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27632.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Application of GA Optimization in Analysis of Variable Stiffness Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasim%20Fallahi">Nasim Fallahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erasmo%20Carrera"> Erasmo Carrera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alfonso%20Pagani"> Alfonso Pagani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Variable angle tow describes the fibres which are curvilinearly steered in a composite lamina. Significantly, stiffness tailoring freedom of VAT composite laminate can be enlarged and enabled. Composite structures with curvilinear fibres have been shown to improve the buckling load carrying capability in contrast with the straight laminate composites. However, the optimal design and analysis of VAT are faced with high computational efforts due to the increasing number of variables. In this article, an efficient optimum solution has been used in combination with 1D Carrera’s Unified Formulation (CUF) to investigate the optimum fibre orientation angles for buckling analysis. The particular emphasis is on the LE-based CUF models, which provide a Lagrange Expansions to address a layerwise description of the problem unknowns. The first critical buckling load has been considered under simply supported boundary conditions. Special attention is lead to the sensitivity of buckling load corresponding to the fibre orientation angle in comparison with the results which obtain through the Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization frame and then Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is applied to investigate the accuracy of the optimized model. As a result, numerical CUF approach with an optimal solution demonstrates the robustness and computational efficiency of proposed optimum methodology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beam%20structures" title="beam structures">beam structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layerwise" title=" layerwise"> layerwise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variable%20stiffness" title=" variable stiffness"> variable stiffness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124916/application-of-ga-optimization-in-analysis-of-variable-stiffness-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124916.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Optimization of Alkali Silicate Glass Heat Treatment for the Improvement of Thermal Expansion and Flexural Strength</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephanie%20Guerra-Arias">Stephanie Guerra-Arias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephani%20Nevarez"> Stephani Nevarez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Calvin%20Stewart"> Calvin Stewart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachel%20Grodsky"> Rachel Grodsky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denis%20Eichorst"> Denis Eichorst</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study is to describe the framework for optimizing the heat treatment of alkali silicate glasses, to enhance the performance of hermetic seals in extreme environments. When connectors are exposed to elevated temperatures, residual stresses develop due to the mismatch of thermal expansions between the glass, metal pin, and metal shell. Excessive thermal expansion mismatch compromises the reliability of hermetic seals. In this study, a series of heat treatment schedules will be performed on two commercial sealing glasses (one conventional sealing glass and one crystallizable sealing glass) using a design of experiments (DOE) approach. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) will be measured pre- and post-heat treatment using thermomechanical analysis (TMA). Afterwards, the flexural strength of the specimen will be measured using a four-point bend fixture mounted in a static universal testing machine. The measured material properties will be statistically analyzed using MiniTab software to determine which factors of the heat treatment process have a strong correlation to the coefficient of thermal expansion and/or flexural strength. Finally, a heat-treatment will be designed and tested to ensure the optimal performance of the hermetic seals in connectors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glass-ceramics" title="glass-ceramics">glass-ceramics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20of%20experiment" title=" design of experiment"> design of experiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hermetic%20connectors" title=" hermetic connectors"> hermetic connectors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20characterization" title=" material characterization"> material characterization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134575/optimization-of-alkali-silicate-glass-heat-treatment-for-the-improvement-of-thermal-expansion-and-flexural-strength" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134575.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> High Accuracy Analytic Approximation for Special Functions Applied to Bessel Functions J₀(x) and Its Zeros</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernando%20Maass">Fernando Maass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pablo%20Martin"> Pablo Martin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jorge%20Olivares"> Jorge Olivares</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Bessel function J₀(x) is very important in Electrodynamics and Physics, as well as its zeros. In this work, a method to obtain high accuracy approximation is presented through an application to that function. In most of the applications of this function, the values of the zeros are very important. In this work, analytic approximations for this function have been obtained valid for all positive values of the variable x, which have high accuracy for the function as well as for the zeros. The approximation is determined by the simultaneous used of the power series and asymptotic expansion. The structure of the approximation is a combination of two rational functions with elementary functions as trigonometric and fractional powers. Here us in Pade method, rational functions are used, but now there combined with elementary functions us fractional powers hyperbolic or trigonometric functions, and others. The reason of this is that now power series of the exact function are used, but together with the asymptotic expansion, which usually includes fractional powers trigonometric functions and other type of elementary functions. The approximation must be a bridge between both expansions, and this can not be accomplished using only with rational functions. In the simplest approximation using 4 parameters the maximum absolute error is less than 0.006 at x ∼ 4.9. In this case also the maximum relative error for the zeros is less than 0.003 which is for the second zero, but that value decreases rapidly for the other zeros. The same kind of behaviour happens for the relative error of the maximum and minimum of the functions. Approximations with higher accuracy and more parameters will be also shown. All the approximations are valid for any positive value of x, and they can be calculated easily. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytic%20approximations" title="analytic approximations">analytic approximations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymptotic%20approximations" title=" asymptotic approximations"> asymptotic approximations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bessel%20functions" title=" Bessel functions"> Bessel functions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quasirational%20approximations" title=" quasirational approximations"> quasirational approximations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92867/high-accuracy-analytic-approximation-for-special-functions-applied-to-bessel-functions-j0x-and-its-zeros" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92867.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Development of Residual Power Series Methods for Efficient Solutions of Stiff Differential Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gebreegziabher%20Hailu">Gebreegziabher Hailu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the development of residual power series methods aimed at efficiently solving stiff differential equations, which pose significant challenges in numerical analysis due to their rapid changes in solution behavior. The RPSM is a numerical approach that generates polynomial-based approximate solutions without the need for linearization, discretization, or perturbation techniques, making it straightforward to implement and less prone to computational errors. We introduce an approach that utilizes power series expansions combined with residual minimization techniques to enhance convergence and stability. By analyzing the theoretical foundations of stiffness, we delve into the formulation of the residual power series method, detailing how it effectively captures the dynamics of stiff systems while maintaining computational efficiency. Numerical experiments demonstrate the method's superiority in terms of accuracy and computational cost when compared to traditional methods like implicit Runge-Kutta or multistep techniques. We also explore adaptive strategies within our framework to automatically adjust parameters based on the stiffness characteristics of the problem at hand. Ultimately, our findings contribute to the broader toolkit for tackling stiff differential equations, offering a robust alternative that promises to streamline computational workflows in various applied mathematics and engineering contexts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residual%20power%20series%20methods" title="residual power series methods">residual power series methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stiff%20differential%20equoations" title=" stiff differential equoations"> stiff differential equoations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20approach" title=" numerical approach"> numerical approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Runge%20Kutta%20methods" title=" Runge Kutta methods"> Runge Kutta methods</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192125/development-of-residual-power-series-methods-for-efficient-solutions-of-stiff-differential-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192125.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">22</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Improving Temporal Correlations in Empirical Orthogonal Function Expansions for Data Interpolating Empirical Orthogonal Function Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ping%20Bo">Ping Bo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meng%20Yunshan"> Meng Yunshan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) is a key parameter for many operational and scientific applications. However, the disadvantage of SST data is a high percentage of missing data which is mainly caused by cloud coverage. Data Interpolating Empirical Orthogonal Function (DINEOF) algorithm is an EOF-based technique for reconstructing the missing data and has been widely used in oceanographic field. The reconstruction of SST images within a long time series using DINEOF can cause large discontinuities and one solution for this problem is to filter the temporal covariance matrix to reduce the spurious variability. Based on the previous researches, an algorithm is presented in this paper to improve the temporal correlations in EOF expansion. Similar with the previous researches, a filter, such as Laplacian filter, is implemented on the temporal covariance matrix, but the temporal relationship between two consecutive images which is used in the filter is considered in the presented algorithm, for example, two images in the same season are more likely correlated than those in the different seasons, hence the latter one is less weighted in the filter. The presented approach is tested for the monthly nighttime 4-km Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Pathfinder SST for the long-term period spanning from 1989 to 2006. The results obtained from the presented algorithm are compared to those from the original DINEOF algorithm without filtering and from the DINEOF algorithm with filtering but without taking temporal relationship into account. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20interpolating%20empirical%20orthogonal%20function" title="data interpolating empirical orthogonal function">data interpolating empirical orthogonal function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20reconstruction" title=" image reconstruction"> image reconstruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sea%20surface%20temperature" title=" sea surface temperature"> sea surface temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20filter" title=" temporal filter"> temporal filter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64675/improving-temporal-correlations-in-empirical-orthogonal-function-expansions-for-data-interpolating-empirical-orthogonal-function-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64675.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> The Urban Expansion Characterization of the Bir El Djir Municipality using Remote Sensing and GIS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatima%20Achouri">Fatima Achouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zakaria%20Smahi"> Zakaria Smahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bir El Djir is an important coastal township in Oran department, located at 450 Km far away from Algiers on northwest of Algeria. In this coastal area, the urban sprawl is one of the main problems that reduce the limited highly fertile land. So, using the remote sensing and GIS technologies have shown their great capabilities to solve many earth resources issues. The aim of this study is to produce land use and cover map for the studied area at varied periods to monitor possible changes that may occurred, particularly in the urban areas and subsequently predict likely changes. For this, two spatial images SPOT and Landsat satellites from 1987 and 2014 respectively were used to assess the changes of urban expansion and encroachment during this period with photo-interpretation and GIS approach. The results revealed that the town of Bir El Djir has shown a highest growth rate in the period 1987-2014 which is 521.1 hectares in terms of area. These expansions largely concern the new real estate constructions falling within the social and promotional housing programs launched by the government. Indeed, during the last census period (1998 -2008), the population of this town has almost doubled from 73 029 to 152 151 inhabitants with an average annual growth of 5.2%. This also significant population growth is causing an accelerated urban expansion of the periphery which causing its conurbation with the towns of Oran in the West side. The most urban expansion is characterized by the new construction in the form of spontaneous or peripheral precarious habitat, but also unstructured slums settled especially in the southeastern part of town. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20expansion" title="urban expansion">urban expansion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing" title=" remote sensing"> remote sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photo-interpretation" title=" photo-interpretation"> photo-interpretation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20dynamics" title=" spatial dynamics"> spatial dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27555/the-urban-expansion-characterization-of-the-bir-el-djir-municipality-using-remote-sensing-and-gis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27555.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saddlepoint%20expansions&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saddlepoint%20expansions&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About 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