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значајних жена\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E на Викицитату.\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"noticebanner\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"plainlinks\" style=\"background-color: #FBEBEA; border-radius:5px; margin-top:10px; position:relative; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-family: \u0026#39;Helvetica\u0026#39;, \u0026#39;Arial\u0026#39;, sans-serif; line-height: 18px; box-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.15 ); overflow:hidden;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"display:block; top:4px; width:100%; text-align:center;;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"color:#000085; font-size:25px; line-height:25px\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:50px;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-top:2px; color:#444; font-size:1.15em; line-height:1.5;\"\u003E\u003Cdiv style=\"padding-left:8px; padding-right:8px;\"\u003EПридружите се \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0\" title=\"Википедија:Акција проширивања клица\"\u003Eакцији проширивања клица\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сајт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Садржај" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Садржај</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">помери на страну</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">сакриј</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Почетак</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Nalazišta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nalazišta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Nalazišta</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Nalazišta-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Садржај одељка Nalazišta</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Nalazišta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Okeanska_nalazišta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Okeanska_nalazišta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Okeanska nalazišta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Okeanska_nalazišta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kontinentalna_nalazišta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kontinentalna_nalazišta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Kontinentalna nalazišta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kontinentalna_nalazišta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izliv_nafte_u_Meksičkom_zalivu_2010." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izliv_nafte_u_Meksičkom_zalivu_2010."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Izliv nafte u Meksičkom zalivu 2010.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izliv_nafte_u_Meksičkom_zalivu_2010.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klimatske_promene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klimatske_promene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Klimatske promene</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klimatske_promene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Садржај" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Прикажи/сакриј садржај" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Прикажи/сакриј садржај</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Metanski klatrat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Чланак на другим језицима. Доступан на: 35" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 језика</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86" title="هيدرات الميثان — арапски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيدرات الميثان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арапски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metana_klatrat" title="Metana klatrat — индонежански" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Metana klatrat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонежански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Гідрат метану — белоруски" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гідрат метану" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белоруски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrat_de_met%C3%A0" title="Hidrat de metà — каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hidrat de metà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metan_hydr%C3%A1t" title="Metan hydrát — чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Metan hydrát" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metanhydrat" title="Metanhydrat — дански" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Metanhydrat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="сјајан чланак"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanhydrat" title="Methanhydrat — немачки" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Methanhydrat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немачки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane_clathrate" title="Methane clathrate — енглески" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Methane clathrate" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="енглески" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrato_de_metano" title="Hidrato de metano — шпански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hidrato de metano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="шпански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metano_hidrato" title="Metano hidrato — баскијски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Metano hidrato" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскијски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B0%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="آذریخ — персијски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آذریخ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персијски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrate_de_m%C3%A9thane" title="Hydrate de méthane — француски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hydrate de méthane" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clatrato_de_metano" title="Clatrato de metano — галицијски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Clatrato de metano" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галицијски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metanski_klatrat" title="Metanski klatrat — хрватски" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Metanski klatrat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хрватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrato_di_metano-II" title="Idrato di metano-II — италијански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Idrato di metano-II" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италијански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A4%E3%83%89%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88" title="メタンハイドレート — јапански" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メタンハイドレート" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="јапански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%ED%85%8C%EC%9D%B8_%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8" title="메테인 하이드레이트 — корејски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메테인 하이드레이트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корејски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Met%C3%A1n-hidr%C3%A1t" title="Metán-hidrát — мађарски" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Metán-hidrát" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="мађарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methaanhydraat" title="Methaanhydraat — холандски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Methaanhydraat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="холандски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metanhydrat" title="Metanhydrat — норвешки букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Metanhydrat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвешки букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="добар чланак"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klatrat_metanu" title="Klatrat metanu — пољски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Klatrat metanu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="пољски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrato_de_metano" title="Hidrato de metano — португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hidrato de metano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrat_de_metan" title="Hidrat de metan — румунски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hidrat de metan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румунски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гидрат метана — руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гидрат метана" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane_hydrate" title="Methane hydrate — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Methane hydrate" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klatr%C3%A1t_met%C3%A1nu" title="Klatrát metánu — словачки" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Klatrát metánu" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словачки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metanov_klatrat" title="Metanov klatrat — српскохрватски" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Metanov klatrat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="српскохрватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaaniklatraatti" title="Metaaniklatraatti — фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Metaaniklatraatti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metanhydrat" title="Metanhydrat — шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Metanhydrat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95" title="มีเทนคลาเทรต — тајски" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มีเทนคลาเทรต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тајски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methan_hydrat" title="Methan hydrat — вијетнамски" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Methan hydrat" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вијетнамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metan_hidrat" title="Metan hidrat — турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Metan hidrat" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Гідрат метану — украјински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гідрат метану" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украјински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E7%83%B7%E6%B0%B4%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="甲烷水合物 — ву кинески" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="甲烷水合物" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву кинески" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E7%83%B7%E6%B0%B4%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="甲烷水合物 — кинески" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="甲烷水合物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кинески" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q389036#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Уреди међујезичке везе" class="wbc-editpage">Уреди везе</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Именски простори"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Metanski_klatrat" title="Прочитајте овај чланак [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Чланак</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon 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mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metanski_klatrat&veaction=edit" title="Уредите ову страницу [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Уреди</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metanski_klatrat&action=edit" title="Уредите изворни код ове странице [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Уреди извор</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metanski_klatrat&action=history" title="Историја [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Историја</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Алатке странице"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Алатке" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" 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Штампање/извоз </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE:DownloadAsPdf&page=Metanski_klatrat&action=show-download-screen"><span>Преузми у PDF-у</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="Одштампајте ову страницу [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Одштампај</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> На другим пројектима </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Methane_clathrate" hreflang="en"><span>Викиостава</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link 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href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Burning_hydrate_inlay_US_Office_Naval_Research.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Burning_hydrate_inlay_US_Office_Naval_Research.jpg" decoding="async" width="233" height="338" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="233" data-file-height="338" /></a><figcaption>Metanski klatrat ili “led koji gori”</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Gashydrat_im_Sediment.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Gashydrat_im_Sediment.JPG/250px-Gashydrat_im_Sediment.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Gashydrat_im_Sediment.JPG/375px-Gashydrat_im_Sediment.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Gashydrat_im_Sediment.JPG/500px-Gashydrat_im_Sediment.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Metanski klatrat u sedimentnim stenama, zona subdukcije u <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Орегон">Oregonu</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Gashydrat_mit_Struktur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Gashydrat_mit_Struktur.jpg/250px-Gashydrat_mit_Struktur.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Gashydrat_mit_Struktur.jpg/375px-Gashydrat_mit_Struktur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Gashydrat_mit_Struktur.jpg/500px-Gashydrat_mit_Struktur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="745" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Svojstvena struktura metanskog klatrata, zona subdukcije u Oregonu</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Metanski klatrat</b> ili “led koji gori” je <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Чврсто агрегатно стање">čvrsta materija</a>, u kojoj je velika količina <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Метан">metana</a> zarobljena u <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Кристална решетка">kristalnoj strukturi</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Лед">ledu</a>) <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вода">vode</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pre se mislilo, da se veće količine mogu pronaći samo u spoljnim delovima <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Сунчев систем">Sunčevog sistema</a>, gde su niske <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Температура">temperature</a> i postoje velike količine leda, ali su locirana velika nalazišta, ispod <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Седименти">sedimenata</a>, na dnu <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Океан">okeana</a>, na <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%99%D0%B0" title="Земља">Zemlji</a>. Pretpostavlja se da bi nalazišta metanskog klatrata mogla biti duplo veća od svih <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Фосилна горива">fosilnih nalazišta</a> na Zemlji.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Metanski klatrat je sastavni deo plitke morske geosfere, i može se nalaziti kao deo <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Седиментне стене">sedimentnih stena</a>, ili kao samostalna celina na dnu okeana. Veruje se da nastaju pomicanjem metana iz dubokih <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%99%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Земљина кора">Zemljinih slojeva</a>, na mestima gde nastaju rasedi, taloženjem i kristalizacijom, u dodiru uzlaznih plinskih struja sa hladnom morskom vodom. Metanski klatrati su isto prisutni u dubini leda na <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Антарктик">Antarktiku</a>, gde su pronađeni u uzorcima leda, starosti i do 800 000 godina i služe za ispitivanje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Promena_klime&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Promena klime (страница не постоји)">klimatskih promena</a>, uz ispitivanje <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Кисеоник">kiseonika</a> i <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B3%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Угљен-диоксид">ugljenikovog dioksida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>U proseku, 1 <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB" class="mw-disambig" title="Мол">mol</a> metana se veže na 5,75 molova <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вода">vode</a> i <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Густина">gustina</a> je oko 900 kg/m³. Tako jedna litra ledenog metanskog klatrata ima oko 168 litara <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Метан">metana</a>. Pod visokim pritiskom, može biti stabilan i do 18°C. </p><p>Metan stvara <b>sktrukturu I hidrata</b> (klatrata) sa 2 <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Додекаедар">dodekaedra</a> i 6 tetradekaedra (14 molekula vode) u jednoj jediničnoj ćeliji.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nalazišta"><span id="Nalazi.C5.A1ta"></span>Nalazišta</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metanski_klatrat&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Уредите одељак „Nalazišta”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metanski_klatrat&action=edit&section=1" title="Уреди извор одељка: Nalazišta"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Metanski klatrat je ograničen u plitkoj <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Литосфера">litosferi</a> (manje od 2000 m dubine). Uslovi potrebni za nastanak metanskog klatrata u polarnim kontinentalnim sedimentnim stenama je temperatura površine ispod 0°C i u <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Седименти">sedimentima</a> na dnu mora, gde je dubina veća od 300 metara, temperatura mora na dnu oko 2°C. Osim toga, možemo ga naći u dukoboj ledenoj slatkoj vodi <a href="/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Језеро">jezera</a>, jer većina metanskih klatrata se ne može stvoriti u morskoj vodi (primer je <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Бајкалско језеро">Bajkalsko jezero</a> u <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Русија">Rusiji</a>). Kontinentalna nalazišta su pronađena u <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Сибир">Sibiru</a> i na <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%99%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аљаска">Aljasci</a>, u <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Пешчар">pješčenjaku</a> i ležištima mulja, dubljim od 800 metara. Okeanska nalazišta su široko rasprostranjena u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Epikontinentalni_pojas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epikontinentalni pojas (страница не постоји)">epikontinentalnim pojasevima</a> ili mogu pokrivati gasna polja <a href="/wiki/Zemni_gas" title="Zemni gas">zemnog gasa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Okeanska_nalazišta"><span id="Okeanska_nalazi.C5.A1ta"></span>Okeanska nalazišta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metanski_klatrat&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Уредите одељак „Okeanska nalazišta”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metanski_klatrat&action=edit&section=2" title="Уреди извор одељка: Okeanska nalazišta"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Postoje dve različite vrste okeanskih nalazišta. Uobičajen je (99%) kao struktura metan I klatrata, u dubokim sedimentima. Te klatrate su stvorili mikrobi <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Археја">arheje</a> ili prabakterije koji stvaraju metan, jer su svojstva metana u klatratu i u okolini jednaka. Dubina nalazišta je između 300 i 500 metara.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Druga vrsta nalazišta prestavlja strukturu metan II klatrata i pretpostavlja se da je nastao iz dubljih nalazišta metana, koji je nastao raspadanjem organske materije. Primeri se mogu naći u <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Мексички залив">Meksičkom zalivu</a> i u <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Каспијско море">Kaspijskom jezeru</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Veličina nalazišta još nije tačno utvrđena, jer su metanski klatrati pronađeni prvi puta 1960-tih. Smatra se da ga ima barem 1 x 10<sup>12</sup> m³. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kontinentalna_nalazišta"><span id="Kontinentalna_nalazi.C5.A1ta"></span>Kontinentalna nalazišta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metanski_klatrat&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Уредите одељак „Kontinentalna nalazišta”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metanski_klatrat&action=edit&section=3" title="Уреди извор одељка: Kontinentalna nalazišta"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kontinentalna nalazišta su pronađena u <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Сибир">Sibiru</a>, severnoj <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Канада">Kanadi</a> i na <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%99%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аљаска">Aljasci</a>, u <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Пешчар">pješčenjaku</a> i ležištima mulja, dubljim od 800 metara. 2008. kanadski i japanski istraživači su počeli sa ispitivanjem vađenja metanskog klatrata u blizini delte reke <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Макензи">Makenzi</a>, u Kanadi.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izliv_nafte_u_Meksičkom_zalivu_2010."><span id="Izliv_nafte_u_Meksi.C4.8Dkom_zalivu_2010."></span>Izliv nafte u Meksičkom zalivu 2010.</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metanski_klatrat&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Уредите одељак „Izliv nafte u Meksičkom zalivu 2010.”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metanski_klatrat&action=edit&section=4" title="Уреди извор одељка: Izliv nafte u Meksičkom zalivu 2010."><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Na velikim dubinama, metan u dodiru sa vodom stvara metanski klatrat, što je opaženo za vreme <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izliv_nafte_u_Meksi%C4%8Dkom_zalivu_2010.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izliv nafte u Meksičkom zalivu 2010. (страница не постоји)">izliva nafte u Meksičkom zalivu 2010.</a> 8. maja stavljeno je tzv. <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Звоно">Zvono</a>, teško 125 tona, na naftnu bušotinu kako bi se zaustavilo nekontrolirano curenje nafte u Meksičkom zalivu, na dubini od 1500 metara, no moralo se dignuti zbog formiranja metanskih klatrata unutar Zvona.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klimatske_promene">Klimatske promene</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metanski_klatrat&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Уредите одељак „Klimatske promene”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metanski_klatrat&action=edit&section=5" title="Уреди извор одељка: Klimatske promene"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Za klimatske promene posebno su kritična ležišta metanskih klatrata u <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Пермафрост">permafrostu</a>. Istraživanja 2008. godine u arktičkom delu <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Сибир">Sibira</a>, su pokazala da su se milioni tona metana oslobodili iz permafrosta, jer su merenja pokazala da su koncentracije metana do 100 puta veće od normalnih.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metanski_klatrat&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Уредите одељак „Reference”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metanski_klatrat&action=edit&section=6" title="Уреди извор одељка: Reference"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r28440201">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">US Geological Survey, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/hydrates/what.html">"Gas hydrate: What is it?", 2010.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120614141539/http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/hydrates/what.html">Архивирано</a> на сајту <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (14. јун 2012)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Old Gas, New Gas" Roald Hoffmann, journal=American Scientist, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050303003218/http://marine.usgs.gov/fact-sheets/gas-hydrates/title.html">„"Gas (Methane) Hydrates -- A New Frontier", USGS fact sheet”</a>. Архивирано из <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marine.usgs.gov/fact-sheets/gas-hydrates/title.html">оригинала</a> 3. 3. 2005. г<span class="reference-accessdate">. Приступљено <span class="nowrap">8. 2. 2017</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AMetanski+klatrat&rft.btitle=%22Gas+%28Methane%29+Hydrates+--+A+New+Frontier%22%2C+USGS+fact+sheet&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmarine.usgs.gov%2Ffact-sheets%2Fgas-hydrates%2Ftitle.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"High resolution carbon dioxide concentration record 650,000–800,000 years before present" Dieter Luthi, Nature, 2008, Lüthi D., Le Floch M., Bereiter B., Blunier T.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Max Michael D.: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=fd8QFKwcSskC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q">"Natural Gas Hydrate in Oceanic and Permafrost Environments"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vanneste M., 2001, "Multi-frequency seismic study of gas hydrate-bearing sediments in Lake Baikal, Siberia", journal=Marine Geology</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kvenvolden K., 1995, "A review of the geochemistry of methane in natural gas hydrate", journal= Organic Geochemistry</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dickens GR, Paull CK. Wallace, 1997, "Direct measurement of in situ methane quantities in a large gas-hydrate reservoir", journal=Nature</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Matsumoto R., Watanabe Y., Satoh, M., Okada, H., Hiroki, Y., Kawasaki, M., and ODP Leg 164 Shipboard Scientific Party, 1996, "Distribution and occurrence of marine gas hydrates - preliminary results of ODP Leg 164: Blake Ridge Drilling", journal= J. Geol. Soc. Japan</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ethomas.web.wesleyan.edu/ees123/clathrate.htm">"Clathrates - little known components of the global carbon cycle"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brodie Thomas: "Researchers extract methane gas from under permafrost" <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.nnsl.com/northern-news-services/stories/papers/mar31_08ma.html">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080608011136/http://www.nnsl.com/northern-news-services/stories/papers/mar31_08ma.html">Архивирано</a> на сајту <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (8. јун 2008), Northern News Services, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100506024716/http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20100503-700843.html?mod=WSJ_latestheadlines">„"US Oil Spill Response Team: Plan To Deploy Dome In 6–8 Days" David Winning, Dow Jones & Company, 2010.”</a>. Архивирано из <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20100503-700843.html?mod=WSJ_latestheadlines">оригинала</a> 06. 05. 2010. г<span class="reference-accessdate">. Приступљено <span class="nowrap">08. 02. 2017</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsr.wikipedia.org%3AMetanski+klatrat&rft.btitle=%22US+Oil+Spill+Response+Team%3A+Plan+To+Deploy+Dome+In+6%E2%80%938+Days%22+David+Winning%2C+Dow+Jones+%26+Company%2C+2010.&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FBT-CO-20100503-700843.html%3Fmod%3DWSJ_latestheadlines&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Giant dome fails to fix Deepwater Horizon oil disaster", 2010, Nature.com, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://blogs.nature.com/news/thegreatbeyond/2010/05/_giant_dome_fails_to_fix_deepw.html">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2007/paull-plfs.html">Methane bubbling through seafloor creates undersea hills</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081011033742/http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2007/paull-plfs.html">Архивирано</a> на сајту <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (11. октобар 2008), Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://westerstrand.blogspot.com/2008/09/methane-hot-topic.html">[3]</a> Translation of a blog entry by Örjan Gustafsson, expedition research leader, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">N. Shakhova, I. Semiletov, A. Salyuk, D. Kosmach, and N. Bel’cheva (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU2007/01071/EGU2007-J-01071.pdf?PHPSESSID=e">Methane release on the Arctic East Siberian shelf</a>, <i>Geophysical Research Abstracts</i>,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">N. Shakhova, I. Semiletov, A. Salyuk, D. Kosmach (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU2008/01526/EGU2008-A-01526.pdf">[4]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121222144303/http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU2008/01526/EGU2008-A-01526.pdf">Архивирано</a> на сајту <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (22. децембар 2012) "Anomalies of methane in the atmosphere over the East Siberian shelf: Is there any sign of methane leakage from shallow shelf hydrates?," European Geophysical Union, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Volker Mrasek, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,547976,00.html">"A Storehouse of Greenhouse Gases Is Opening in Siberia"</a> <i>Der Spiegel</i>, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/exclusive-the-methane-time-bomb-938932.html">"Exclusive: The methane time bomb" Connor Steve, 2008, The Independent</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/hundreds-of-methane-plumes-discovered-941456.html">"Hundreds of methane 'plumes' discovered"</a> Connor Steve, 2008, The Independent</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25469611">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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