CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "dl.acm.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '92a7bd375d4baecd',cH: '__UOvFKrqSLh7GkLyCr8z1N22qxIrgfm8SVT9YQgRu4-1743674637-1.2.1.1-pHA59.N4CmANuqh6OA6wGWvDwsztnzSSL9dU09nP2e6LEwOktI8UBiX5QuHMC4J6',cUPMDTk: "\/citation.cfm?id=3220267&__cf_chl_tk=EwGcjNtg_ncv63dGM0tZdNRf.xxkB83CiGVyKa2vn3w-1743674637-1.0.1.1-lyHTRwFtDr9FSnuz6n.kB71nCAkzO5lLit3FvD57tXI",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1743674637',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/citation.cfm?id=3220267&__cf_chl_f_tk=EwGcjNtg_ncv63dGM0tZdNRf.xxkB83CiGVyKa2vn3w-1743674637-1.0.1.1-lyHTRwFtDr9FSnuz6n.kB71nCAkzO5lLit3FvD57tXI",md: "bV3Hiq3_M9tC.hIgSf9EqnxpKib8jhd3aqiQn_ClVDk-1743674637-1.2.1.1-icYUuTSItwm74wD1fiKZBXPI3OxItndTRdUbB1vKMCZevky8x3oKTpAoTD63o5gSPrByzYdm_lEqA9aKGabc5wHSUfFuQpm07Bx3A3u0CmuVnIkdcDoYuhMP5tQEOwHLXQaFMw61PXfF_gmVe4JIMGesmbUmXvETc2GWCxvY.7jaW_GXh5q31lVtDUPR7nIjQSjkm85mH7o9_If0dmXNwMXvF0UVpMykRoQV0jnisVGvkwYwMH_39jQFQrYlwD8M0zVb13xvptbHIHPBRXXz4DllaOZHf76VfxG29WeOttgJPcoccif2hMLtfXtoRowV8O7yto3XaI2G2IB6hB4O4PMsq7i7qH_xVeej.r_JPU1WzsNk3RNA5e6vfWXWR6KBSoreYdokjfuSt_QXx5rq3OHIhOLRH.aHSF6QLxRQQM5T3Z0B12EFAJlZD1oab_5uonVfnndKkkwseO6PthafX42ENtfgC.LooTtmePA0qR7h4yVtyN14atq.9MaSC_MnFKliJXmjWaCCz0IjEjw5594qQ7PbELRkkG.DoKaFmZmY7FlnHtwk20Sw0kmucbPgjrPvsG4crryfEYMWUJF_AZby4tdbHDEpBV4RC1QPhcu_Q1OzawRQS3DyAHBsIxaeaQ5IXt1AMt2RVcmevGrB3EtsaDtjjQqDDHscHJtbNJcqnQyOZBj31Zk1s1.J.iqNAAOScYZ0fzciKlTMRf3KhaZhGEag9rhw0cJHG1husW6wZRjOh5d6..cs5sbc2uK4vYNAl_lL3pp6rKCOnrt3YJSHp6OXp.h2a4XljKrh99eC448usrsyPni084sBQUPcAA.lHQokkOKiafISaqnForO8f0bYJvUA0LaMJknVfAHS5aAFXidEwGUMk3qhwPFgUgHUo.5Vha0ZF0tmxIdDx7BCrmYkk3pbT1Rz2KVv28_gGPsQ9l4M_Se1.NvYKf.XiFSWeFQ8AUTX6DwPIdRmjwViMbHJ9Kh0LLg4WlACsXaCowEnqy8_WMd0gKr05e6NxLWDzXKp94CnwRQUuBl2UQ0247NJK3c7_04tSVK1O331dGohzOLtryOqZ6XSWn9TOWOxdR.SCKlk69mb0NxgzWTLT8xRzx3kUwfcTSEes.Q7qpGWp3HRxPv77vAcmaSPJx47i7YoCMs28KT4EsZnWQ3JM0oaURyEZd9EIAVrvP9IEf2Kpp7m7eX5tNwBIrW3Xp7O7HU8TlzLJDLb6p4ehSmoQH5ZYMr825kkadC1PBb8jlQUUmZxG_zc6jqR.kv0",mdrd: "biwavZublGBO1wf0VHL27rcMJVt7PcGy17P6C64CJQ8-1743674637-1.2.1.1-e9.OQbT.I9x10rZqM1pHVKe0FvuqgDRFnmbVFxzkk2rHQvOspyC65FYVQe30ji_FEZrOxBoDbohu_JnMrRabGdV29nK69rIAY76wWYazCqx_CdxNJq58ZAozF2ZaL1TVnZMyET7EwI8vkxiwr9wGucTqjulpOg5ntg1mX6gyPA3iSKRNc1ZTId8I9TtOA6LokHiNREkZT0b6hN1J0zOp_WQu5utUaQAbHee4gwV0KxFwwUOtsPZ_85_yLriDmJGzYXfbmqeHs_oIFuD4Fb6_ZeDivgZYhwvELPj1i9uQYlS.o_Fx0PLyUxEyBJMIXfzJ8X2RbJu2fxSixO90pX5rLXsJ.WhK8fGU2OYX0oHVeE6n3FLUTwzL7mX0b.JILqCMMBfS2KXRezIs82VOqddE1m.gjixy5bWMCkn5pseJZvaRtKFBUYe_HC8XXgIBI8SeBJ3rFglosracNS8fORAuSyKMrCz.FTEJn8ksdmuZexMCU.ZIZWQ_b9a.DNjfmwRxLbTxLkUthbt3Iz1o40a6p4H1TPweOy8Nol1SD0A2QtPCWsVuPtpR0nJQOgiABjIZoIAaqccFmI_PQ1cgTpMJlNQVIBxP5xKKWNUHABG4ZpJGBX.G8MNu6G1tgbGNnXb3.tk_PPg2UIO46nEeUJLgqxr8KoO4dFpQosLx0R.B4zy9A8tEVTLap7XCco.qG4vStXvoJexD9OxmHPF0wlx4AwnXB_zZd_eDhRvv4nSUUPABsTPR88cAr6o2kTQ7c7MsaOrqhoQXtHVdGb8gB24ShsncQvYRaFYOEATIg.MFNmY2UtMv5Dbzvs2Kx2H7Q57nDhPdXyNwlLOmft7SqIm2Y7lkJkxFKo4.IS4UiDG6UqO3Gg2OHIf5MBT8tLaFUuUzP4wycNY0HpldEfvhm4hPPM8m5kjm57H0oQsZxKh6bfieWTlog2bfW36cOTGdtJpYBHGCJV7j_395nLsgMVMlTEvq6qdvPJfkRCk4ImflDjS5e.99QbJBTami8I2_ssZlSSsKcT_TTcoAQU_Vko0Qq55BmdBM.aHcKkbfKymzO.I4xpTSndlCJ3Ezu6ZZaTPfBEg8dg_Bd.kB0kH0bX0heWBzg5Eo9kCzPjFgHjfEfct1ZHPFJcHWNc0fgMxVa.jYRQ5bn.fn4Cv2LXpqNjROJofCU4tzqD4dTmGiZSh2JA0TjEcXT6.i8180Sj9tH5JWV9WyvHu213o4YXGwNjaBxrMTo18whJVFSxQeD2q6I15DsMtFZkKvr2ge.rvMEuS7vOTuOy3F2n5PJoqxqnI1m_oOMyZOykFahR4_cHtIL_skjuZUbsVeypVzM3UUfM2ffd0KxGhJ_op_RI4r_zvIWuZ8gHQdAuskfzmv.hkQwvXwngq7y65NDJ2ZjQUdT8QfBSUxuNa9VmbnrnnDuPRl47jWMmHpYjwgKqOgxj8UwKqHHQN62sJA2kBPmwkPOUUrPVQkLYqbdWvg1Kdq_wMFpHlU7mozlvo5OpSRwY6.82KyXOD3DN7DqX9FtFoYRE3g43SCCWaPB4NSmAPyjsjS6gb2r7xkycLar9plIuhffGYpn7H5SosLwPTXmXk9aTwaSdmUGKLn6X10QQt1Q8_D4RT96oqcaEqkdkZEJa_Wg948OdRnt8v3UvEFeSZQaOLfCTFLyLyh8YlsZMEoPLTOQ1VnCokFP4iBtEFnQabDSd8PX__HHqi4U1shcALMhh7oYEUuqx3WQkoULEt6pKf3GaQFCdsIYc0KeYQJJRCLOjoz_OGDvlpcQ0X5g.LEapCpQvlZM6yg2UeLeLh4rhuiJq8yaDpnEIAdoNbpvuHZD4nRe8KDPO7wzF5tqrxGwPHshpkyiNuu7nt0xiT_vsoJ7mYeob1_XKnz67zpc9aswBqZZjS2iHv2pbz4txWEA5bKljxrEl01kWhpkYGIF.Kiv6cRuftDRM9rjg0h6w6n0Fb8GS6m85gZvaRNQAQCPwGGuUO0NfAeJRZMz9mULvTIaGRfAgRX_VjV7jocZ9ZtkIJEeIi.yAFnZx7T0mPAlwHy"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=92a7bd375d4baecd';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/citation.cfm?id=3220267&__cf_chl_rt_tk=EwGcjNtg_ncv63dGM0tZdNRf.xxkB83CiGVyKa2vn3w-1743674637-1.0.1.1-lyHTRwFtDr9FSnuz6n.kB71nCAkzO5lLit3FvD57tXI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>