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href="#Cultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Cultura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sciéncias_e_tecnicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sciéncias_e_tecnicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sciéncias e tecnicas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sciéncias_e_tecnicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decès" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decès"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Decès</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decès-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liames_intèrnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liames_intèrnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Liames intèrnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liames_intèrnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nòtas_e_referéncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Nòtas e referéncias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ans 1870</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 95 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-95" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">95 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyos_1870" title="Anyos 1870 - aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anyos 1870" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1870" title="عقد 1870 - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عقد 1870" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85_1870" title="عوام 1870 - arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عوام 1870" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1870" title="عقد 1870 - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عقد 1870" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_del_1870" title="Década del 1870 - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Década del 1870" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-ci_ill%C9%99r" title="1870-ci illər - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1870-ci illər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-an" title="1870-an - balinés" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1870-an" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-%D1%8F" title="1870-я - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1870-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-%D1%8F" title="1870-я - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1870-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-%D1%82%D0%B5" title="1870-те - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1870-те" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_1870" title="Bloavezhioù 1870 - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bloavezhioù 1870" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-e" title="1870-e - bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1870-e" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A8cada_del_1870" title="Dècada del 1870 - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dècada del 1870" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870_ni%C3%A8ng-d%C3%A2i" title="1870 nièng-dâi - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1870 nièng-dâi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="1870-мĕш çулсем - chovash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1870-мĕш çулсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chovash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870au" title="1870au - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1870au" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870%27erne" title="1870'erne - danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1870'erne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870er" title="1870er - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1870er" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_1870" title="An 1870 - Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="An 1870" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870s" title="1870s - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="1870s" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-aj_jaroj" title="1870-aj jaroj - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1870-aj jaroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1os_1870" title="Años 1870 - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Años 1870" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870._aastad" title="1870. aastad - estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1870. aastad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870eko_hamarkada" title="1870eko hamarkada - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1870eko hamarkada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%87_%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B7%DB%B0_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="دهه ۱۸۷۰ (میلادی) - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دهه ۱۸۷۰ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-luku" title="1870-luku - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1870-luku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-%C3%A1rini" title="1870-árini - feroés" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1870-árini" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1870" title="Années 1870 - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Années 1870" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ans_1870" title="Ans 1870 - francoprovençal" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ans 1870" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovençal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870id%C3%AD" title="1870idí - irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1870idí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1870年代 - xinès gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1870年代" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="xinès gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870an" title="1870an - gaelic escossés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1870an" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1870" title="Década de 1870 - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Década de 1870" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-70_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-19" title="שנות ה-70 של המאה ה-19 - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שנות ה-70 של המאה ה-19" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870s" title="1870s - hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1870s" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-es_%C3%A9vek" title="1870-es évek - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1870-es évek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-an" title="1870-an - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1870-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yari_1870a" title="Yari 1870a - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Yari 1870a" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1871-1880" title="1871-1880 - islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1871-1880" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1870" title="Anni 1870 - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anni 1870" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1870年代 - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1870年代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-an" title="1870-an - javanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1870-an" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="1870-იანები - georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1870-იანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870%EB%85%84%EB%8C%80" title="1870년대 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1870년대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81" title="1870-ӧд вояс - komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1870-ӧд вояс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1870" title="Anni 1870 - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Anni 1870" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1870" title="Anni 1870 - lígur" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Anni 1870" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="lígur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870._gadi" title="1870. gadi - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1870. gadi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-%D1%82%D0%B8" title="1870-ти - macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1870-ти" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.चे १८७० चे दशक - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे १८७० चे दशक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-an" title="1870-an - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1870-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870_%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C" title="1870 це иеть - mordovià erza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1870 це иеть" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="mordovià erza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-1879" title="1870-1879 - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1870-1879" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-%C3%A5ra" title="1870-åra - norvegian nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1870-åra" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegian nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-%C3%A5rene" title="1870-årene - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1870-årene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%C3%A9es_1870" title="Annaées 1870 - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Annaées 1870" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870s" title="1870s - sotho septentrional" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1870s" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-lugu_vuvvet" title="1870-lugu vuvvet - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1870-lugu vuvvet" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-%D1%82%C3%A6" title="1870-тæ - osseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1870-тæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="1870 ਦਾ ਦਹਾਕਾ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1870 ਦਾ ਦਹਾਕਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lata_70._XIX_wieku" title="Lata 70. XIX wieku - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lata 70. XIX wieku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1870" title="Década de 1870 - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Década de 1870" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870_watakuna" title="1870 watakuna - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1870 watakuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anii_1870" title="Anii 1870 - romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anii 1870" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="1870-е годы - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1870-е годы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-%D1%81" title="1870-с - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1870-с" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870ini" title="1870ini - sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1870ini" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-lohku" title="1870-lohku - sami septentrional" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1870-lohku" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-e" title="1870-e - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1870-e" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870s" title="1870s - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1870s" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/70._roky_19._storo%C4%8Dia" title="70. roky 19. storočia - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="70. roky 19. storočia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870." title="1870. - eslovèn" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1870." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitet_1870" title="Vitet 1870 - albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vitet 1870" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-%D0%B5" title="1870-е - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1870-е" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-an" title="1870-an - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1870-an" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-talet" title="1870-talet - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1870-talet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miaka_ya_1870" title="Miaka ya 1870 - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Miaka ya 1870" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="1870கள் - tamol" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1870கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%B8_1870_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D3%A3)" title="Даҳаи 1870 (мелодӣ) - tajic" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Даҳаи 1870 (мелодӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9_1870" title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1870 - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1870" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870%C3%BD%C3%BD" title="1870ýý - turcmèn" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1870ýý" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcmèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870%27ler" title="1870'ler - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1870'ler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1870-еллар - tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1870-еллар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-%D1%82%D1%96" title="1870-ті - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1870-ті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870%D8%A1_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="1870ء کی دہائی - ordó" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1870ء کی دہائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ordó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-lar" title="1870-lar - ozbèc" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1870-lar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%ADp_ni%C3%AAn_1870" title="Thập niên 1870 - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thập niên 1870" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%AAyes_1870" title="Anêyes 1870 - való" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Anêyes 1870" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="való" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870_nga_dekada" title="1870 nga dekada - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1870 nga dekada" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1870年代 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1870年代" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="1870-იანეფი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1870-იანეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="1870ער - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1870ער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1870年代 - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1870年代" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870_n%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="1870 nî-tāi - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1870 nî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1870%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1870年代 - cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1870年代" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q39847#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modificar los ligams interlenga" class="wbc-editpage">Modificar los ligams</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacis de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ans_1870" title="Veire l’article [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discutir:Ans_1870&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion a prepaus d'aquesta pagina (la pagina existís pas) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">occitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Afichatges"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ans_1870"><span>Legir</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1870&veaction=edit" title="Modificar aquela pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1870&action=edit" title="Modificar lo còdi font d'aquela pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1870&action=history" title="Los autors e versions precedentas d'aquesta pagina. 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dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <center><a href="/wiki/Ans_1820" title="Ans 1820">../..</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ans_1830" title="Ans 1830">Ans 1830</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ans_1850" title="Ans 1850">Ans 1850</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ans_1860" title="Ans 1860">Ans 1860</a> | <b> Ans 1870</b> | <a href="/wiki/Ans_1880" title="Ans 1880">Ans 1880</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ans_1890" title="Ans 1890">Ans 1890</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ans_1900" title="Ans 1900">Ans 1900</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ans_1910" title="Ans 1910">../..</a></center> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istòria"><span id="Ist.C3.B2ria"></span>Istòria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1870&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modificar la seccion : Istòria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1870&action=edit&section=1" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Istòria"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>1870</b> : acuelh de conselhiers britanics per lo ras <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassa_Mercha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kassa Mercha (la pagina existís pas)">Kassa Mercha</a> de Tigre. Gràcias a son accès a la <a href="/wiki/Mar_Roja" title="Mar Roja">Mar Roja</a>, aquò li permetèt de formar pauc a pauc de tropas equipads d'armas de fuòc modèrnas. <br /> <b>1870</b> : perseguida de la politica de modernizacion iniciada per l'emperaire <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meiji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meiji (la pagina existís pas)">Meiji</a>. Per prendre lo contraròtle de la religion nipona – lei clergats èran fòrça poderós e pas totjorn favorables a l'emperaire – decidèt d'instaurar lo <a href="/wiki/Shinto%C3%AFsme" class="mw-redirect" title="Shintoïsme">shintoïsme</a> coma <a href="/wiki/Religion_d%27Estat" title="Religion d'Estat">religion d'Estat</a>. <br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Siege_of_Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Siege_of_Paris.jpg/220px-Siege_of_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Siege_of_Paris.jpg/330px-Siege_of_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Siege_of_Paris.jpg/440px-Siege_of_Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1082" /></a><figcaption>Pintura representant lo sètge de París.</figcaption></figure> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gu%C3%A8rra_Francoprussiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guèrra Francoprussiana (la pagina existís pas)">Guèrra Francoprussiana</a>.</div> <p><b>1870-1871</b> : menaçada per la candidatura d'un prince alemand liat a l'ostau reiau de <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%BAssia" title="Prússia">Prússia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> demandèt lo retirament d'aquela candidatura au cancelier <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Bismarck</a> e au rèi <a href="/wiki/Guilh%C3%A8m_Ier_d%27Alemanha" title="Guilhèm Ier d'Alemanha">Guilhèm</a>. Desirós d'entraïnar una guèrra entre <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> e <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%BAssia" title="Prússia">Prússia</a> per acabar son projècte d'unificacion d'<a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Bismarck</a> capitèt de provoquar lei Francés. Après una campanha de premsa <a href="/wiki/Nacionalisme" title="Nacionalisme">nacionalista</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Gov%C3%A8rn" title="Govèrn">govèrn</a> de <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a> declarèt la guèrra lo 19 de julhet. Aquò entraïnèt la formacion d'una coalicion de totei leis estats alemands. Mau preparada e mau comandada, l'armada imperiala foguèt desfacha. Un còrs important foguèt enceuclat en <a href="/wiki/Metz" class="mw-redirect" title="Metz">Metz</a> onte foguèt assetjat. Lo rèsta foguèt anientat en <a href="/wiki/Sedan" title="Sedan">Sedan</a> onte l'emperaire foguèt capturat. Aquò entraïnèt una insureccion <a href="/wiki/Republica" title="Republica">republicana</a> en <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" class="mw-redirect" title="París">París</a> e la proclamacion de la <a href="/wiki/Republica" title="Republica">Republica</a> lo 4 de setembre. Un govèrn provisòri foguèt format que contunièt la guèrra còntra lei Prussians e seis aliats. L'objectiu èra alora de desblocar la <a href="/wiki/Capitala" title="Capitala">capitala</a> assetjada per lei Prussians a partir de setembre e d'armadas de volontaris foguèron formadas per rompre lei linhas a l'entorn de <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" class="mw-redirect" title="París">París</a> ò atacar lei linhas d'avitalhament deis Alemands dins l'èst de <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>. Pasmens, en despiech de victòrias localas e isoladas, aqueleis armadas improvisadas foguèron vencudas e obligats de se retirar. En genier de <a href="/wiki/1871" class="mw-redirect" title="1871">1871</a>, lei Francés foguèron finalament obligats de negociar. Deguèron cedir <a href="/wiki/Als%C3%A0cia" title="Alsàcia">Alsàcia</a>-<a href="/wiki/Lorena" title="Lorena">Lorena</a> e pagar una importanta indemnitat. <br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Paris_Commune_rue_de_Rivoli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Paris_Commune_rue_de_Rivoli.jpg/220px-Paris_Commune_rue_de_Rivoli.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Paris_Commune_rue_de_Rivoli.jpg/330px-Paris_Commune_rue_de_Rivoli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Paris_Commune_rue_de_Rivoli.jpg/440px-Paris_Commune_rue_de_Rivoli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4416" data-file-height="3312" /></a><figcaption>Carriera de <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" class="mw-redirect" title="París">París</a> après lei combats de la <a href="/wiki/Comuna_de_Par%C3%ADs_(1871)" title="Comuna de París (1871)">Comuna</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Comuna_de_Par%C3%ADs_(1871)" title="Comuna de París (1871)">Comuna de París (1871)</a>.</div> <p><b>1871</b> : insureccion de la <a href="/wiki/Comuna_de_Par%C3%ADs_(1871)" title="Comuna de París (1871)">Comuna de París</a> que gropèt divèrsei movements revolucionaris (<a href="/wiki/Marxisme" title="Marxisme">marxisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anarquisme" title="Anarquisme">anarquisme</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacobinisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacobinisme (la pagina existís pas)">jacobinisme</a>...) e prenguèt lo contraròtle de <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" class="mw-redirect" title="París">París</a>. Adoptèt mai d'una mesura progressiva mai mau capitèt de s'estendre au rèsta dau país. Ansin, foguèt esquichat per lei tropas <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francesas</a> dins lo corrent de mai de <a href="/wiki/1871" class="mw-redirect" title="1871">1871</a> (entre 10 000 e 30 000 tuats). <br /> <b>1871</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Japon" title="Japon">Japon</a>, abolicion de la <a href="/wiki/Feudalitat" title="Feudalitat">feudalitat</a> e division dau territòri en prefecturas. Una administracion de <a href="/wiki/Foncionari" title="Foncionari">foncionaris</a> dirigiguèt desenant l'ensemble. Leis èx-senhors recebèron de pensions e foguèron encoratjats a participar a la modernizacion dau país. Enfin, l'<a href="/wiki/Egalitat" class="mw-disambig" title="Egalitat">egalitat</a> de cada Japonés a respècte de l'<a href="/wiki/Imp%C3%B2st" title="Impòst">impòst</a> foguèt decidida lo 2 d'octòbre. En matèria d'<a href="/wiki/Educacion" title="Educacion">educacion</a>, un Institut de tecnologia foguèt creada en abriu (dubertura oficiala en març de <a href="/wiki/1872" class="mw-redirect" title="1872">1872</a>) e un ministèri especific foguèt fondat (2 de setembre) (→ <a href="/wiki/1872" class="mw-redirect" title="1872">1872</a>). Leis estudis a l'estrangier foguèron encoratjats (e sovent sostenguts) e plusors professors ò tecnicians europèus ò estatsunidencs foguèron invitats. <br /> <b>1871-1873</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Etiopia" title="Etiopia">Etiopia</a>, reversament dau <a href="/wiki/Negus" class="mw-redirect" title="Negus">negus</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekle_Giyorgis_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tekle Giyorgis II (la pagina existís pas)">Tekle Giyorgis II</a> per lo ras <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassa_Mercha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kassa Mercha (la pagina existís pas)">Kassa Mercha</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tigre_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tigre (region) (la pagina existís pas)">Tigre</a> que dispausava d'una armada modèrna. Après aqueu succès <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kassa_Mercha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kassa Mercha (la pagina existís pas)">Kassa Mercha</a> venguèt negus sota lo nom de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yohannes_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yohannes IV (la pagina existís pas)">Yohannes IV</a>. Lo sobeiran novèu capitèt de sometre lei regions de <a href="/wiki/Gondar" title="Gondar">Gondar</a> e de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Begademer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Begademer (la pagina existís pas)">Begademer</a>. <br /> <b>1872</b> : ais <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">Estats Units</a>, creacion dau <a href="/wiki/Pargue_nacionau_de_Yellowstone" class="mw-redirect" title="Pargue nacionau de Yellowstone">pargue nacionau de Yellowstone</a>. Premier <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pargue_naturau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pargue naturau (la pagina existís pas)">pargue naturau</a> de l'istòria umana, marca una etapa importanta dins la presa en còmpte progressiva de l'accion de l'èsser uman sus la <a href="/wiki/Planeta" title="Planeta">planeta</a>. <br /> <b>1873</b> : començament d'una tiera de <a href="/wiki/Famina" title="Famina">faminas</a> en <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>. <br /> <b>1874</b> : adopcion de la premiera constitucion d'<a href="/wiki/Isl%C3%A0ndia" title="Islàndia">Islàndia</a> qu'obtenguèt una autonòmia limitada. <br /> <b>1874</b> : important <a href="/wiki/Cicl%C3%B2n_tropicau" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciclòn tropicau">ciclòn tropicau</a> en <a href="/wiki/Bengala" title="Bengala">Bengala</a> (au mens 80 000 mòrts) (→ <a href="/wiki/1874" class="mw-redirect" title="1874">1874</a>). <br /> <b>1874</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Etiopia" title="Etiopia">Etiopia</a>, lo senhor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adal_Tessema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adal Tessema (la pagina existís pas)">Adal Tessema</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Godjam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Godjam (la pagina existís pas)">Godjam</a>, prince pus poderós dau país, acceptèt la senhoriá dau negus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yohannes_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yohannes IV (la pagina existís pas)">Yohannes IV</a>. <br /> <b>1874</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China" title="Republica Populara de China">China</a>, crisi governamentala se debanèt entre l'emperaire e sei ministres a prepaus dau projècte de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tongzhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tongzhi (la pagina existís pas)">Tongzhi</a> de restaurar una partida dau Palais Imperiau maugrat l'estat fòrça marrit dei finanças publicas. S'acabèt per la destitucion deis oposants a l'emperaire. Pasmens, a la fin de l'annada, la <a href="/wiki/Malauti%C3%A1" title="Malautiá">malautiá</a> d'aqueu darrier s'agravèt e <a href="/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi">Cixi</a> foguèt tornarmai cargada de la regéncia. <br /> <b>1875</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China" title="Republica Populara de China">China</a>, mòrt de l'emperaire <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tongzhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tongzhi (la pagina existís pas)">Tongzhi</a> lo 12 de genier. Foguèt remplaçat lo 25 de febrier per <a href="/wiki/Guangxu" title="Guangxu">Guangxu</a>. Dins lei fachs, <a href="/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi">Cixi</a> demorèt a la tèsta de l'Empèri. <br /> <b>1875-1876</b> : revirada d'una temptativa d'invasion <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">egipciana</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Etiopia" title="Etiopia">Etiopia</a> a la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalha_de_Gundet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalha de Gundet (la pagina existís pas)">batalha de Gundet</a>. Permetèt a <a href="/wiki/Etiopia" title="Etiopia">Etiopia</a> de capturar 12 000 fusius e 16 <a href="/wiki/Canon" title="Canon">canons</a> modèrnes. Puei, leis Etiopians destruguèron lo rèsta dau còrs egipcian permetent la signatura d'un tractat de patz. <br /> <b>1876</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Bengala" title="Bengala">Bengala</a> Orientau (uei <a href="/wiki/Banglad%C3%A8sh" title="Bangladèsh">Bangladèsh</a>), important <a href="/wiki/Cicl%C3%B2n_tropicau" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciclòn tropicau">ciclòn</a> que causèt la mòrt d'au mens 200 000 personas. <br /> <b>1876</b> : insureccion de <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> còntra lo poder <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Otoman" title="Empèri Otoman">otoman</a>. La violéncia de la repression entraïnèt de reaccions fòrça negativas en <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a>. Menaçat per una crisi financiera, lo sultan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdulaziz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdulaziz (la pagina existís pas)">Abdulaziz</a> foguèt reversat e remplaçat per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Murad_V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murad V (la pagina existís pas)">Murad V</a>. Pasmens, après una crisi de foliá, foguèt a son torn remplaçat per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdulhamid_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdulhamid II (la pagina existís pas)">Abdulhamid II</a>. Lo sultan novèu deguèt faciar l'ostilitat de <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, d'<a href="/wiki/%C3%80ustria" title="Àustria">Àustria</a> e de l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Britanic" title="Empèri Britanic">Empèri Britanic</a> après lo chaple dei revòutats bulgars. Una conferéncia foguèt organizada a <a href="/wiki/Constantin%C3%B2ble" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantinòble">Constantinòble</a> onte lei poissanças europèas exigiguèron l'autonomia dei territòris crestians. Per s'aparar còntra la menaça de desmembrament de l'Empèri, lo sultan novèu preferiguèt adoptar una <a href="/wiki/Constitucion" title="Constitucion">constitucion</a> e transformar l'Empèri en monarquia constitucionala. Lei Britanics acceptèron aisament aquela chausida mai lei Rus preparèron una guèrra novèla. <br /> <b>1876</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>, creacion d'un <a href="/wiki/Gov%C3%A8rn" title="Govèrn">govèrn</a> sus lo modèl europèu per lo Premier Ministre <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainilaiarivony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rainilaiarivony (la pagina existís pas)">Rainilaiarivony</a> amb uech gabinets especializats dins leis afaires estrangiers, leis afaires interiors, l'educacion, la guèrra, la justícia, lo comèrci e l'industria, lei finanças e la legislacion. De foncionaris, chausits au sen dei populacions dei tèrras autas, foguèron installats dins lei diferentei províncias dau reiaume per melhorar la gestion locala. Enfin, lo sistèma de collècta deis impòsts de la <a href="/wiki/Capitala" title="Capitala">capitala</a> foguèt estendut a tot lo territòri per aumentar lei revenguts de l'Estat. Lo sistèma judiciari conoguèt tanben una reforma importanta amb la creacion de tres corts superioras installadas dins la <a href="/wiki/Capitala" title="Capitala">capitala</a>. Son ròtle èra de supervisar lei decisions dei tribunaus locaus. <br /> </p> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Porfirio_D%C3%ADaz" title="Porfirio Díaz">Porfirio Díaz</a>.</div> <p><b>1876</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Mexic" title="Mexic">Mexic</a>, còp d'estat de <a href="/wiki/Porfirio_D%C3%ADaz" title="Porfirio Díaz">Porfirio Díaz</a> que prenguèt lo poder. Capitèt d'estabilizar la situacion politica mexicana fins a <a href="/wiki/1911" class="mw-redirect" title="1911">1911</a>. <br /> <b>1877</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Mexic" title="Mexic">Mexic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porfirio_D%C3%ADaz" title="Porfirio Díaz">Díaz</a> capitèt de restablir de relacions establas amb la <a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%A8isa_Catolica" class="mw-redirect" title="Glèisa Catolica">Glèisa Catolica</a>. <br /> </p> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Confer%C3%A9ncia_de_Berlin" title="Conferéncia de Berlin">Conferéncia de Berlin</a>.</div> <p><b>1877-1878</b> : brèva guèrra turcorussa a prepaus de <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>. Esquichats, leis <a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Otoman" title="Empèri Otoman">Otomans</a> deguèron acceptar l'independéncia de <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>. Deguèt tanben cedir de territòris importants a <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. Pasmens, l'amplor d'aquelei concessions inquietèt leis autrei poissanças qu'impausèron una patz diferenta a la <a href="/wiki/Confer%C3%A9ncia_de_Berlin" title="Conferéncia de Berlin">conferéncia de Berlin</a>. L'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Otoman" title="Empèri Otoman">Empèri Otoman</a> gardèt ansin lo contraròtle d'<a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A0cia" title="Tràcia">Tràcia</a>. Limitèt tanben sei pèrdas en <a href="/wiki/Cauc%C3%A0s" title="Caucàs">Caucàs</a>. <br /> <b>1878</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Etiopia" title="Etiopia">Etiopia</a>, somission de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Choa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Choa (la pagina existís pas)">Choa</a> en cambi dau mantenement d'una autonòmia intèrna importanta. Aquò marquèt la fin dau procès de reünificacion dau reiaume per lo negus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yohannes_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yohannes IV (la pagina existís pas)">Yohannes IV</a>. Dins la region estrategica de Wello, acomençament de la conversion de massa — mai ò mens fòrçada — de la populacion musulmana au <a href="/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme">cristianisme</a>. L'objectiu èra de renfòrçar lo poder imperiau dins la zòna e l'operacion foguèt pas estenduda dins leis autrei províncias de l'Empèri. <br /> <b>1878</b> : crisi diplomatica entre <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> e <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> après la mòrt de l'aventurier <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Laborde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Laborde (la pagina existís pas)">Jean Laborde</a> e lo refús dau govèrn malgash de laissar seis eiretiers obtenir sei bens dins l'illa. Lei tensions s'agravèron rapidament e menèron au bombardament de dos pòrts par d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Esquadra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esquadra (la pagina existís pas)">esquadras</a> francesas. <br /> <b>1879</b> : acòrd de partiments dei zònas d'influéncia dins l'<a href="/wiki/Ocean_Indian" title="Ocean Indian">Ocean Indian</a> entre <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> e lo <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Reiaume Unit">Reiaume Unit</a>. Lo premier país obtenguèt <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> e lo segond <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> e <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultura">Cultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1870&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modificar la seccion : Cultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1870&action=edit&section=2" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Cultura"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Claude_Monet,_Impression,_soleil_levant.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Claude_Monet%2C_Impression%2C_soleil_levant.jpg/220px-Claude_Monet%2C_Impression%2C_soleil_levant.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Claude_Monet%2C_Impression%2C_soleil_levant.jpg/330px-Claude_Monet%2C_Impression%2C_soleil_levant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Claude_Monet%2C_Impression%2C_soleil_levant.jpg/440px-Claude_Monet%2C_Impression%2C_soleil_levant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1245" /></a><figcaption> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impression,_soleu_levant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Impression, soleu levant (la pagina existís pas)">Impression, soleu levant</a></i> de <a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Claude Monet</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>1872</b> : acabament d'<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impression,_soleu_levant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Impression, soleu levant (la pagina existís pas)">Impression, soleu levant</a></i> de <a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Claude Monet</a> (<a href="/wiki/1840" class="mw-redirect" title="1840">1840</a>-<a href="/wiki/1926" class="mw-redirect" title="1926">1926</a>). Son nom foguèt a l'origina d'un jòc de mots mauvolent de part dau critic d'art <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Leroy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Leroy (la pagina existís pas)">Louis Leroy</a> dau <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charivari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charivari (la pagina existís pas)">Charivari</a></i> que donèt en <a href="/wiki/1874" class="mw-redirect" title="1874">1874</a> lo nom de <i>Salon deis Impressionistas</i> a l'exposicion de <a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Monet</a> e de son movement. Lo tèrme demorèt per designar lo nom dau corrent. <br /> <b>1874</b> : premiera exposicion <a href="/wiki/Impressionisme" title="Impressionisme">impressionista</a> a <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" class="mw-redirect" title="París">París</a>. Foguèt a l'origina d'una importanta polemica mai permetèt au movement de presentar seis òbras d'un biais independent (→ <a href="/wiki/1876" class="mw-redirect" title="1876">1876</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sciéncias_e_tecnicas"><span id="Sci.C3.A9ncias_e_tecnicas"></span>Sciéncias e tecnicas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1870&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modificar la seccion : Sciéncias e tecnicas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1870&action=edit&section=3" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Sciéncias e tecnicas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>1870</b> : sintèsi de la premiera matèria plastica artificiala, lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cellulo%C3%AFd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Celluloïd (la pagina existís pas)">celluloïd</a>, per lei fraires <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wesley_Hyatt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Wesley Hyatt (la pagina existís pas)">John Wesley</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaiah_Hyatt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isaiah Hyatt (la pagina existís pas)">Isaiah Hyatt</a> a partir d'una mescla de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrat_de_cellul%C3%B2sa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitrat de cellulòsa (la pagina existís pas)">nitrat de cellulòsa</a> e de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Camfre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camfre (la pagina existís pas)">camfre</a>. <br /> <b>1872</b> : depaus de brevet depintant lo premier <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pistolet_semi-automatic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pistolet semi-automatic (la pagina existís pas)">pistolet semi-automatic</a>. Pasmens, son autor, dich Plessner, es mau conegut e lo premier pistolet semi-automatic que foguèt un succès es l'arma d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugo_Borchardt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugo Borchardt (la pagina existís pas)">Hugo Borchardt</a> en <a href="/wiki/1893" class="mw-redirect" title="1893">1893</a>. <br /> <b>1872</b> : descubèrta de la <a href="/wiki/Dorsala_medioatlantica" title="Dorsala medioatlantica">dorsala medioatlantica</a> per l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Expedicion_dau_Challenger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Expedicion dau Challenger (la pagina existís pas)">expedicion dau Challenger</a>, premiera expedicion oceanografica mondiala (→ <a href="/wiki/1925" class="mw-redirect" title="1925">1925</a>). <br /> <b>1872</b> : concepcion de la premiera generatritz de corrent electric capabla de produrre de corrent intens e d'alimentar d'installacions industrialas. Son autor èra l'<a href="/wiki/Engenhari%C3%A1" title="Engenhariá">engenhaire</a> <a href="/wiki/Belgica" title="Belgica">bèlga</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Z%C3%A9nobe_Gramme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zénobe Gramme (la pagina existís pas)">Zénobe Gramme</a> (<a href="/wiki/1826" class="mw-redirect" title="1826">1826</a>-<a href="/wiki/1901" class="mw-redirect" title="1901">1901</a>). Aquò marquèt lo començament de l'utilizacion importanta de l'<a href="/wiki/Electricitat" title="Electricitat">electricitat</a> dins l'industria (especialament après la concepcion de sistèmas eficaç de transpòrt dau corrent continü en <a href="/wiki/1884" class="mw-redirect" title="1884">1884</a>). <br /> <b>1872</b> : publicacion d'una sintèsi de trabalhs començats en <a href="/wiki/1852" class="mw-redirect" title="1852">1852</a> per lo <a href="/wiki/Quimia" title="Quimia">quimista</a> <a href="/wiki/Esc%C3%B2cia" title="Escòcia">escocés</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Angus_Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Angus Smith (la pagina existís pas)">Robert Angus Smith</a> (<a href="/wiki/1817" class="mw-redirect" title="1817">1817</a>-<a href="/wiki/1884" class="mw-redirect" title="1884">1884</a>). I identifiquèt tres tipes de <a href="/wiki/Pollucion" title="Pollucion">pollucions</a> atmosfericas liadas a l'<a href="/wiki/Amoniac" title="Amoniac">amoniac</a> dins lei regions agricòlas, au <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulfat_d%27amonium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulfat d'amonium (la pagina existís pas)">sulfat d'amonium</a> dins lei periferias dei vilas e a l'<a href="/wiki/Acid_sulfuric" title="Acid sulfuric">acid sulfuric</a> dins lei vilas. Aquò li permetèt de definir lo concèpte de <a href="/wiki/Plueja_acida" title="Plueja acida">plueja acida</a> qu'anava causar de degalhs importantas ai seuvas mondialas a partir de la segonda mitat dau sègle XX. <br /> <b>1873</b> : demonstracion dau caractèr transcendent dau nombre "e" realizada per lo matematician <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Hermite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Hermite (la pagina existís pas)">Charles Hermite</a> (<a href="/wiki/1822" class="mw-redirect" title="1822">1822</a>-<a href="/wiki/1901" class="mw-redirect" title="1901">1901</a>). <br /> <b>1874</b> : invencion dau barbelat per lo rendier <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">estatsunidenc</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Glidden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Glidden (la pagina existís pas)">Joseph Glidden</a> (<a href="/wiki/1813" class="mw-redirect" title="1813">1813</a>-<a href="/wiki/1906" class="mw-redirect" title="1906">1906</a>). <br /> <b>1874</b> : acabament dau trabalh de calculs dei 707 premierei decimalas dau nombre <a href="/wiki/Pi" title="Pi">Pi</a> per lo matematician <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">britanic</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Shanks" title="William Shanks">William Shanks</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <br /> <b>1874</b> : invencion dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proc%C3%A8s_Wohlwill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Procès Wohlwill (la pagina existís pas)">procès Wohlwill</a> que permet de purificar l'<a href="/wiki/Aur" title="Aur">aur</a> fins a un taus de 99,999%. Es un metòde d'<a href="/wiki/Electrolisi" title="Electrolisi">electrolisi</a> amb un <a href="/w/index.php?title=An%C3%B2de&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anòde (la pagina existís pas)">anòde</a> format d'un lingòt d'aur amb una puretat de 98,5%, un catòde d'aur pur (es a dire 99,999%) e una solucion d'<a href="/wiki/Acid_clorauric" title="Acid clorauric">acid clorauric</a> e d'<a href="/wiki/Acid_cloridric" title="Acid cloridric">acid cloridric</a> coma <a href="/wiki/Electrolit" title="Electrolit">electrolit</a>. Pasmens, a un còst important en causa de la gròssa quantitat d'aur necessària per fabricar l'<a href="/wiki/Electrolit" title="Electrolit">electrolit</a> e, coma totei lei procès d'electrolisi, en causa de sa consumacion electrica. Ansin, son utilizacion es limitada ais aplicacions necessitant de l'aur fòrça pur. <br /> <b>1876</b> : intrada en servici dau premier <a href="/wiki/Naviri_frigorific" title="Naviri frigorific">naviri frigorific</a> destinat au transpòrt de <a href="/wiki/Carn" title="Carn">carn</a> entre <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> e <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>. Concebut per l'engenhaire <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Tellier" title="Charles Tellier">Charles Tellier</a> (<a href="/wiki/1828" class="mw-redirect" title="1828">1828</a>-<a href="/wiki/1913" class="mw-redirect" title="1913">1913</a>), èra dotat d'un sistèma de refrigeracion utilizant l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%88ter_dimetilic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Èter dimetilic (la pagina existís pas)">èter dimetilic</a>. Aquò permetèt de remplaçar lo procès de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saladura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saladura (la pagina existís pas)">saladura</a> per lo transpòrt de denadas periblas sus de distàncias importantas. Pasmens, lo sistèma de refrigeracion èra pas encara satisfasent e lei naviris frigorifics se desvolopèron subretot amb l'invencion de la refrigeracion au <a href="/wiki/Dioxid_de_carb%C3%B2ni" title="Dioxid de carbòni">dioxid de carbòni</a> en <a href="/wiki/1890" class="mw-redirect" title="1890">1890</a>. <br /> <b>1877</b> : depaus d'un brevet per lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proc%C3%A8s_Thomas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Procès Thomas (la pagina existís pas)">procès Thomas</a>. A respècte dei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proc%C3%A8s_Bessemer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Procès Bessemer (la pagina existís pas)">procès Bessemer</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/1855" class="mw-redirect" title="1855">1855</a>) e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proc%C3%A8s_Siemens-Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Procès Siemens-Martin (la pagina existís pas)">Siemens-Martin</a>, permetiá d'esplechar de jaciments de <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A8rre" title="Fèrre">fèrre</a> <a href="/wiki/Fosf%C3%B2r" title="Fosfòr">fosforós</a>. Demorèt utilizat fins ais ans 1960, especialament en <a href="/wiki/Lorena" title="Lorena">Lorena</a>. <br /> <b>1877</b> : premierei liquefaccions d'<a href="/wiki/Oxig%C3%A8n" title="Oxigèn">oxigèn</a> realizadas d'un biais independent per lei <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">Francés</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis-Paul_Cailletet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis-Paul Cailletet (la pagina existís pas)">Louis-Paul Cailletet</a> (<a href="/wiki/1832" class="mw-redirect" title="1832">1832</a>-<a href="/wiki/1913" class="mw-redirect" title="1913">1913</a>) e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raoul_Pictet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raoul Pictet (la pagina existís pas)">Raoul Pictet</a> (<a href="/wiki/1846" class="mw-redirect" title="1846">1846</a>-<a href="/wiki/1929" class="mw-redirect" title="1929">1929</a>). <br /> <b>1878</b> : invencion de la premiera <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bala_camisada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bala camisada (la pagina existís pas)">bala camisada</a> per l'oficièr <a href="/wiki/So%C3%AFssa" title="Soïssa">soís</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eduard_Rubin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eduard Rubin (la pagina existís pas)">Eduard Rubin</a>. Aquò èra vengut necessari car lo desvolopament de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pouvera_sensa_fum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pouvera sensa fum (la pagina existís pas)">pouvera sensa fum</a> aviá entraïnat una aumentacion importanta de la poissança deis armas de fuòc que podián plus utilizar de projectiles de <a href="/wiki/Plomb" title="Plomb">plomb</a>. <br /> <b>1878</b> : a l'iniciativa dau generau-mètge <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles-Emmanuel_S%C3%A9dillot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles-Emmanuel Sédillot (la pagina existís pas)">Charles-Emmanuel Sédillot</a> (<a href="/wiki/1804" class="mw-redirect" title="1804">1804</a>-<a href="/wiki/1883" class="mw-redirect" title="1883">1883</a>), adopcion dau mòt « <a href="/wiki/Micr%C3%B2bi" title="Micròbi">micròbi</a> » per designar leis agents microscopics de transmission dei <a href="/wiki/Malauti%C3%A1" title="Malautiá">malautiás</a>. <br /> <b>1878</b> : descubèrta de l'accion esterilizanta deis <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">ultraviolets</a> corts sus lei <a href="/wiki/Bact%C3%A8ri" title="Bactèri">bactèris</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <br /> <b>1879</b> : descubèrta de l'<a href="/wiki/Escandi" title="Escandi">escandi</a> per lo quimista <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A8cia" title="Suècia">suedés</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lars_Fredrick_Nilson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lars Fredrick Nilson (la pagina existís pas)">Lars Fredrick Nilson</a>. <br /> <b>1879</b> : per lo premier còp, una mòstra de <a href="/wiki/Samari" title="Samari">samari</a> foguèt isolat per lo <a href="/wiki/Quimia" title="Quimia">quimista</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul-%C3%89mile_Lecoq_de_Boisbaudran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran (la pagina existís pas)">Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran</a> (<a href="/wiki/1838" class="mw-redirect" title="1838">1838</a>-<a href="/wiki/1912" class="mw-redirect" title="1912">1912</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Per aquela rason, la descubèrta d'aquel <a href="/wiki/Element_quimic" title="Element quimic">element</a> li es generalament atribuïda. <br /> <b>1879</b> : concepcion dau premier motor d'explosion de dos temps per l'<a href="/wiki/Engenhari%C3%A1" title="Engenhariá">engenhaire</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dugald_Clerk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dugald Clerk (la pagina existís pas)">Dugald Clerk</a> (<a href="/wiki/1854" class="mw-redirect" title="1854">1854</a>-<a href="/wiki/1932" class="mw-redirect" title="1932">1932</a>). Aqueu motor a un rendement inferior au motor de quatre temps mai una poissança pus importanta e, a l'origina, foguèt desvolopat per contornejar lo brevet de proteccion dau motor de quatre temps de <a href="/wiki/1876" class="mw-redirect" title="1876">1876</a>. <br /> <b>1879</b> : depaus d'un brevet per lo premier <a href="/w/index.php?title=Forn_d%27arc_electric&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forn d'arc electric (la pagina existís pas)">forn d'arc electric</a> per l'<a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemand</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Wilhelm_Siemens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Wilhelm Siemens (la pagina existís pas)">Carl Wilhelm Siemens</a> (<a href="/wiki/1823" class="mw-redirect" title="1823">1823</a>-<a href="/wiki/1883" class="mw-redirect" title="1883">1883</a>) (→ <a href="/wiki/1900" class="mw-redirect" title="1900">1900</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decès"><span id="Dec.C3.A8s"></span>Decès</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1870&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modificar la seccion : Decès" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1870&action=edit&section=4" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Decès"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdulaziz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdulaziz (la pagina existís pas)">Abdulaziz</a>, sultan de l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Otoman" title="Empèri Otoman">Empèri Otoman</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Jonas_%C3%85ngstr%C3%B6m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anders Jonas Ångström (la pagina existís pas)">Anders Jonas Ångström</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisician</a> <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A8cia" title="Suècia">suedés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Becquerel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Becquerel (la pagina existís pas)">Antoine Becquerel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisician</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Blasis" title="Carlo Blasis">Carlo Blasis</a>, dançaire italian.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carles_XV_de_Su%C3%A8cia" class="mw-redirect" title="Carles XV de Suècia">Carles XV</a>, rèi de <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A8cia" title="Suècia">Suècia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a>, president <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">estatsunidenc</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teofil_Gauti%C3%A8r" title="Teofil Gautièr">Teofil Gautièr</a>, escrivan <a href="/wiki/Occit%C3%A0nia" title="Occitània">occitan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Grassmann" title="Hermann Grassmann">Hermann Grassmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matematicas" title="Matematicas">matematician</a> <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemand</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Henry" title="Joseph Henry">Joseph Henry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisician</a> <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">estatsunidenc</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Herschel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Herschel (la pagina existís pas)">John Herschel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quimia" title="Quimia">quimista</a> <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">britanic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbain_Le_Verrier" title="Urbain Le Verrier">Urbain Le Verrier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matematicas" title="Matematicas">matematician</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moritz_von_Jacobi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moritz von Jacobi (la pagina existís pas)">Moritz von Jacobi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisician</a> <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%BAssia" title="Prússia">prussian</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a>, president <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">estatsunidenc</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benito Juárez (la pagina existís pas)">Benito Juárez</a>, president <a href="/wiki/Mexic" title="Mexic">mexican</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justus_von_Liebig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Justus von Liebig (la pagina existís pas)">Justus von Liebig</a>, quimista <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemand</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crawford_Long&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crawford Long (la pagina existís pas)">Crawford Long</a>, mètge <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">estatsunidenc</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthew_Fontaine_Maury&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthew Fontaine Maury (la pagina existís pas)">Matthew Fontaine Maury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cartografia" title="Cartografia">cartograf</a> e <a href="/wiki/Meteorologia" title="Meteorologia">meteorològ</a> <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">estatsunidenc</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisician</a> <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">estatsunidenc</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Julius_Robert_von_Mayer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julius Robert von Mayer (la pagina existís pas)">Julius Robert von Mayer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisician</a> <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemand</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Mazzini" title="Giuseppe Mazzini">Giuseppe Mazzini</a>, revolucionari e patriòta <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">italian</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Morse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Morse (la pagina existís pas)">Samuel Morse</a>, inventor <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">estatsunidenc</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murad_V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murad V (la pagina existís pas)">Murad V</a>, sultan de l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Otoman" title="Empèri Otoman">Empèri Otoman</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Ranvier" title="Gabriel Ranvier">Gabriel Ranvier</a>, revolucionari <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_von_Roon" title="Albrecht von Roon">Albrecht von Roon</a>, Premier Ministre de <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%BAssia" title="Prússia">Prússia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Solomon_S%C3%A9galas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Solomon Ségalas (la pagina existís pas)">Pierre Solomon Ségalas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medecina" title="Medecina">mètge</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Young_Simpson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Young Simpson (la pagina existís pas)">James Young Simpson</a>, mètge <a href="/wiki/Esc%C3%B2cia" title="Escòcia">escocés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadeta_Sobir%C3%B3s" title="Bernadeta Sobirós">Bernadeta Sobirós</a>, santa <a href="/wiki/Catolicisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Catolicisme">catolica</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Somerville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Somerville (la pagina existís pas)">Mary Somerville</a>, escrivana e <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisiciana</a> <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">anglesa</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Stirling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Stirling (la pagina existís pas)">Robert Stirling</a>, inventor <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">britanic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Fox_Talbot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Fox Talbot (la pagina existís pas)">William Fox Talbot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quimia" title="Quimia">quimista</a> e <a href="/wiki/Fotografia" title="Fotografia">fotograf</a> <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">anglés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Texier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Texier (la pagina existís pas)">Charles Texier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arqueologia" title="Arqueologia">arqueològ</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liames_intèrnes"><span id="Liames_int.C3.A8rnes"></span>Liames intèrnes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1870&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modificar la seccion : Liames intèrnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1870&action=edit&section=5" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Liames intèrnes"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1870&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modificar la seccion : Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1870&action=edit&section=6" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Bibliografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nòtas_e_referéncias"><span id="N.C3.B2tas_e_refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Nòtas e referéncias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1870&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modificar la seccion : Nòtas e referéncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1870&action=edit&section=7" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Nòtas e referéncias"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">En <a href="/wiki/1949" class="mw-redirect" title="1949">1949</a>, se descurbiguèt una error a partir de la 528<sup>a</sup> decimala.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Philip E. Hockberger, « A history of ultraviolet photobiology for humans, animals and microorganisms », <i>Photochemical & Photobiological</i>, vol. 76, n° 6, 2002, pp. 561–79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Norman N. Greenwood e Alan Earnshaw, <i>Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.)</i>, Butterworth–Heinemann, 1997, p. 1229.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Jean Dhombres, « Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran. L’homme d’une terre », dins Jean Dhombres (dir.), <i>Aventures scientifiques. Savants en Poitou-Charentes du XVIe au XXe siècle</i>, Les éditions de l’Actualité Poitou-Charentes, 1995, pp. 124-135.</span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Recuperada de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ans_1870&oldid=2451245">https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ans_1870&oldid=2451245</a> »</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categorias de la pagina</a> : <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categoria:P%C3%A0gines_amb_mides_d%27imatge_que_contenen_px_addicionals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categoria:Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals (la pagina existís pas)">Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Article_redigit_en_proven%C3%A7au" title="Categoria:Article redigit en provençau">Article redigit en provençau</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Aquela pagina es estada modificada pel darrièr còp lo 10 octobre de 2024 a 19.34.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Drech_d%27autor" title="Wikipèdia:Drech d'autor">Drech d'autor</a> : Los tèxtes son disponibles jos <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licéncia Creative Commons paternitat pertatge a l’identic</a> ; d’autras condicions se pòdon aplicar. 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