CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9136f3e91f623dad',cH: 'R1qSulSKS6nQ_3HnlUf8Wf9ORvUAMHCDS9KuJKASY24-1739807632-1.2.1.1-.WDtgRDsgykMshwzjcd5A9felBqfz2ClxNY2dBdiWey55uHvT4mlYNKctPtGiv34',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Abdul%20Qudoos%20Khan&__cf_chl_tk=wtVOJdhUrEEbUH3IM4IZH_DuMbhjiA7jcYPJYX0NTvc-1739807632-1.0.1.1-JRYRZXRN2BoQaZwR14seEnxcq0BQtyhaqNQ9e0zd5qI",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739807632',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Abdul%20Qudoos%20Khan&__cf_chl_f_tk=wtVOJdhUrEEbUH3IM4IZH_DuMbhjiA7jcYPJYX0NTvc-1739807632-1.0.1.1-JRYRZXRN2BoQaZwR14seEnxcq0BQtyhaqNQ9e0zd5qI",md: "1aHeq3G9rRc5iNASDcIxed0XYmPoUtjdmde4024xc0w-1739807632-1.2.1.1-y1SPV8_k659evTarpQAr8R8fBGNl5pzAvxssn_4v09I6f6AjfmnUn03mIJVc6lMuATLIIUEVuQgDB4ks8PzkszWYf5v0.TZsHR3lEScfJrDxYu2U1O6HgMTSpuzFO7sO6IZK4GWcc6AlVblG3KPl3VmYW.Ju2XekZ_RZjrCkrPCAlRq6Ry4IeF6cwZ_AhQ3lyMRszpnfwIgtBuYyYlBnDcfbwtIYGAZDcHKjG9nJa8W.ef.mYrNBmTplbf49O7WtuQFHsWYZZg35iSPVga5w7Djmt6VYG5uTmvX0sHQHJVcwpQDPMAXmSdvhhUWJhbzTM.d_qGh5QPbRfWWE39lLyxsMj9ptkU2kqX7NiJ4az6yhPvb1R.RmJEEhBPblz7IzVuYffeqWXJNLVRHpeaixAESzwaTfJ94.xDmAvM.lCfPMvSu3YN_6SNwMRHvKc4S1uTSWr2a.S7eQk3xhLPTTroLkAff1OJ2CxNA8hJ57lLQ6BDY605MPaKyoBoQJoMUzTtuh9CAinb3SwY7CQ11eG74E5sszdvKd3HOBzWUKR7CuMy9KtE1mr5UDb.Rwrz4bUFurTC4bSTO7YFJIO7fs1OBOHxw.R2yE74yiaeYvFhwvnjo46YDchSLiC7ZVgTHx4PpZmkl9HuUSiqDjKYv40ASp8W_A4NvITffpcQ8yPURnl2GxDHd1ESswR5FsRwSAx_nJwzLNTkUgYkvUJuCE1bhl16EKjDn1oG_uNTnlcJEyGWCXsINTkoJT7EL.Vyg1D6z9WH_Iv8RWWduZbe7aZyKDWaCO68CLPf7VmqhzG3D_LavDxNqNho60bF8Vewd5lv_q4gUXBtWIl86MaVHrZ9W7dn0xHNgWMB6FO2ie1crDaRJjI8z.eRkNLac.BoqfqwoMQpXBFUUYzH3ZcQXwbgRprdf0us62LLWAFHHAm6Bnvh3wTUWEMRettKwM3FVvvWt5Go4zpKK1gn4CajhyQ5vGwLT97DGCYtZim.ak5RR8in.B4yd9YoGjDX_4Q.n05z9jdMX.U_Xl80S2VGdC9VIhTsMODYtGOI1tIdC_dTudMSG6wuFlQ6qBv3WcU0bNiL3wMJvhZU5fdNMVcV5f90CYdBfOkx26V6.qCWP.jF3iMzAIdE_ectP_h9mcymRWPLkB68Tq0dYqQS_w6p41APnd8IAA5W46OI1RTmycngi.a68Dkx5QyxA_usuzs06kzosDTSJXxdsbpD8zTXLmHRQlcLRSxy8_Un3KPXwrZFwJljjZhd_ijUa4goz5SJiREOj6C6Xez7kNATDTPdFgsMai8tv8M2C3X4gHf2MVLQ9DI7wSULOzab9VF9VEaTMm7Pl4bMwjmdthqhe8MCGrrFWb_4KpwPkU6EOgmf4uYjw6bqcMche6YuIt8eJaM9NBITRsWRm3N.i1fCA.GtOiACC08Se48mxkdlow9jULYlWJdFYnwvyg6jt8XuUCUBRxBlfmFpm4zUbf4OmdzaR8ap9mfP09P_PcvnfqQuAvLjQep0hJ2lrLyo7D4YBo1IWcaqYE6.cgFWmZmbiNI6xPKigEmuzP6XK1N._eDFTmGhfakMusYAJDdwfAGhgxkza4f8CwtUEIuvrB8ze0hoBdQwI3rZAnBKzQAThr4nuHSXNsZYAtTWvTMjm9Umu2yujYaluFogoNeEQNrkF1t9.c1uAXwbFH4.TtcLm3fM.gYhAjs11vc0r6hqzAZ82HyS9EJLC2q23oxz0BDfiq8EFevHm4drcu0LvN2oLAlQER1H5XOJEFz6L33jaA8WefpVbAHnDAVRNoFcnaXpY_BWp58vYM7rtG3HWSEoKBZnDQIvmb_zEOZLtsReuKZclsljar4KjxV8unwUMem9fZ82jZ6PphH1OrgRQ9iC92k.u0cyJhClFfGVxl2rVz7BT_f5EmfG.luhWALsUFK6_7kELX.zC2mH8nkXnoakg0PzXBudSTgbm5riEWiP1THMvnTu_1",mdrd: "AXa2odgSyWmVyhHEaQEvQei47EhGOg0xBWKSZsLqlJk-1739807632-1.2.1.1-drrsimO9KLQIX6_JYpHm165yjYYlT9q8cTtbHJWwRZl25bMdN278GFgFle4tPd_EYUCgv8zMKiuNSEqOgINbkO_ASdoRyMRaJnQgp_zOXvEatZQAERPQ3RD_clE_dqA7L9bd2YgfGOTZ39y9.rTe2TuNGzPI1tqEfj2D1VAfMMZO3oFRR5cs2MX8YL0J8TVWIRk__NMhmXBfDu8aPP_tmhVZSqigeNiQ42RR2HddvJHBC5EQStL8ELEDr74uoD3x0bYUWBmwSX.uOrCEdPzi7_NQZlTC90HIAvwNaOMmLGShvNIiEkRt27zXsFWjiJ7CnLBwu5HZDPszooUBboUIe25duOrnyUwksnaDC_ZT7uiD3_zLXCOr95Jviy_2Yq.0zIfXTXPWXHCC.FSTnC67.lJVWtpb57mWY5hBSlSKOqkVWPDiUXRhkUEArFEMNfW1DX9Q7RixqwiK8Ds6R0LpLyzE61HsUBPl3bS01Wy4kbPPAWc4OUgGCDhjTr94V9nrSVp9yPe1RqT04L8UN6jW67hTbfewd8d8N2_iyKp77egls.HtitvF7cADGbeWjpLwfurd7DGXu36GjKPofe1BS4MxMHSx.7PgVKDJzjSsQbrmTqVkx_UQIu9FkVXfC08dUlPbDA.5.SAN4_BSMbhK13gKrUHssrZpzwHaxOcZy791y9w14kj_F5C0mhBqnYMa1PLCRg.dxW0QAhPx4X0PihFi7m_6WZ_jaaPlsFf5P3tkRQ3YAfYO_ET9WNywMVCuKC1hEYzy8XjSYUfflD6GjEcwgv2LHECqQZZahbZvNOHG5wPrlhlfJciyP0OBd_uChkoPbp130XNXNn.SX_fNtCJII45D5DNqwFn1jjoWsN.BTsfSDLLi2A9pdIt6EiAMxSGFJOdIVJvcBjCLIKERFyMsw4roUdZdwVvd.EW5EbI_RKOn.Bh5wQgbofRg6JbU1wZJcNwVX07M5keOIFmZ2CkJr9QflofXcVNumbeRvCyf3Jj80UpVpBkPEZBZ98zRW9n_lLWtgJUJxUwVGNegyAJGllngohlphiDm7J9dAB1PluthwF_Ugq4LvZLrBtFCKbY87pMprhbW6J55KDXvBPmJlV46wIWY.zxNFh3ZneF2CksHPEM2Eq2pLqI7Sl8NcposKcEntF.5MPggzzPBvWfAbimFMVL4O5PjgGCI4Eq1Nc0QchZEbeA6Q6h8lvKQZ2ZKsJYqXeTmUQRKBmcqVa30kTr13dfPvwspnQftFJt7iffw.EFn8LuQfA1CrOrSxfYw_TVe9HV5.FQrbzBFJUtEpevL6U8dE4Zl8yht2opoE2ZUrOVwYFsAC68uXIxeJqXdAiBt0RLxwyJeq3L1ZGjbo8peOnMz4w73M4ks_0sF909u3TbaZZpmmSjc5CXXGm0cN1StOc.p7b3v4KB_jsM6vJO_mA7sfwrchgFYOfyqcFIC0uRG3lfi77eMSeOShYo7suWqqmwsSIIzu8CfCl_Fa28jzxgLCnZ36LBFel0qdRVTwU9Q4dX4yM7jZYuOW4VdE_TJIofCPkckFUY9Ab3yV3E0VKS0djEk.QhbzVfAdikjnE0tGvxGf1yhWqBSQjgR6qf6ZGc3.O8EXFyRYq2lqhRRqCDihu90hEKpoMh3wKqzkBRLojtLLT6nzyLiCUa086pCMlxlpiv3vDYdXZ9zFjLI0m_C1PJF2715AopE.Hy.L_zfMpxLQMTxgH2NZJeO5E4JFyoyqSYjKsnONCfrVwsz7x8mHgIbSeuJFL.6garBjB39v4FbIoi_pJRXyXktnJbIcTzV1wyoOXcGRLvNQhYTDtunkvi_6ZCPuU_JKgBHnisF9PCd9uQVG_TKQZawLZ8_faftzkAOPLIsMjlscZ4I6jj0ZLp.Z4Me.eaHkVO69QbKU.w9CRhdbE9X54eoJhBuqVayFdkFVeTNlD3mD2l3kPx0Eci9aZvbqjJfzhMgy3Q94ZBfYGPx9WAJnAJmy4mb7sYiyF8Z8LNceA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9136f3e91f623dad';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Abdul%20Qudoos%20Khan&__cf_chl_rt_tk=wtVOJdhUrEEbUH3IM4IZH_DuMbhjiA7jcYPJYX0NTvc-1739807632-1.0.1.1-JRYRZXRN2BoQaZwR14seEnxcq0BQtyhaqNQ9e0zd5qI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>