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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Chronology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chronology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treatment_of_the_dead" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treatment_of_the_dead"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Treatment of the dead</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treatment_of_the_dead-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Genetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Magdalenian</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مجدلانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجدلانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мадленская культура – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мадленская культура" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdaleni%C3%A0" title="Magdalenià – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Magdalenià" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdal%C3%A9nien" title="Magdalénien – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Magdalénien" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleinekultur" title="Madeleinekultur – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Madeleinekultur" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdal%C3%A9nien" title="Magdalénien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Magdalénien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B4%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Μαγδαλένιος πολιτισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαγδαλένιος πολιτισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdaleniense" title="Magdaleniense – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Magdaleniense" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdalenio" title="Magdalenio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Magdalenio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_aldia" title="Madeleine aldia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Madeleine aldia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdal%C3%A9nien" title="Magdalénien – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Magdalénien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_magdaleniense" title="Cultura magdaleniense – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cultura magdaleniense" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%A9" title="Մադլենյան մշակույթ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մադլենյան մշակույթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdal%C3%A9nien" title="Magdalénien – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Magdalénien" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdaleniano" title="Magdaleniano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Magdaleniano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%93%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="התרבות המגדלנית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="התרבות המגדלנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="მადლენის კულტურა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მადლენის კულტურა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96" title="Мадлен мәдениеті – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мадлен мәдениеті" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Мадлен маданияты – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мадлен маданияты" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdalenium" title="Magdalenium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Magdalenium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madl%C4%93nas_kult%C5%ABra" title="Madlēnas kultūra – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Madlēnas kultūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madleno_kult%C5%ABra" title="Madleno kultūra – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Madleno kultūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultur_magdalenian" title="Cultur magdalenian – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cultur magdalenian" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdal%C3%A9ni_iskola" title="Magdaléni iskola – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Magdaléni iskola" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdal%C3%A9nien" title="Magdalénien – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Magdalénien" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdal%C3%A9nienkulturen" title="Magdalénienkulturen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Magdalénienkulturen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdalenian" title="Magdalenian – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Magdalenian" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madlen_madaniyati" title="Madlen madaniyati – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Madlen madaniyati" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultura_magdale%C5%84ska" title="Kultura magdaleńska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kultura magdaleńska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_Magdaleniana" title="Cultura Magdaleniana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cultura Magdaleniana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdalenian" title="Magdalenian – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Magdalenian" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мадленская культура – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мадленская культура" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdal%C3%A9nien" title="Magdalénien – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Magdalénien" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Магдаленијен – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Магдаленијен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdalenijan" title="Magdalenijan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Magdalenijan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleinen_kulttuuri" title="Madeleinen kulttuuri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Madeleinen kulttuuri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdal%C3%A9nienkulturen" title="Magdalénienkulturen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Magdalénienkulturen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdaleniyen" title="Magdaleniyen – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Magdaleniyen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мадленська культура – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мадленська культура" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%A0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E6%9E%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="马格德林文化 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马格德林文化" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q693549#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Magdalenian</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Homo_Sapiens_in_Europe_-_magdalenian_distribution_map-fr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map showing the extent of the Magdalenian" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Homo_Sapiens_in_Europe_-_magdalenian_distribution_map-fr.svg/220px-Homo_Sapiens_in_Europe_-_magdalenian_distribution_map-fr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Homo_Sapiens_in_Europe_-_magdalenian_distribution_map-fr.svg/330px-Homo_Sapiens_in_Europe_-_magdalenian_distribution_map-fr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Homo_Sapiens_in_Europe_-_magdalenian_distribution_map-fr.svg/440px-Homo_Sapiens_in_Europe_-_magdalenian_distribution_map-fr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1150" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Distribution of Magdalenian sites in Europe (pink) along with those of the <a href="/wiki/Epigravettian" title="Epigravettian">Epigravettian</a> (red). Distribution of the Magdalenian in southern Britain not shown</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Geographical range</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Period</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic" title="Upper Paleolithic">Upper Paleolithic</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dates</th><td class="infobox-data">c. 17,000 – c. 12,000 BP<sup id="cite_ref-DATES_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DATES-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Type_site" title="Type site">Type site</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abri_de_la_Madeleine" title="Abri de la Madeleine">Abri de la Madeleine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major sites</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Altamira" title="Cave of Altamira">Cave of Altamira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kents_Cavern" title="Kents Cavern">Kents Cavern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lascaux" title="Lascaux">Lascaux</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Solutrean" title="Solutrean">Solutrean</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Followed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Azilian" title="Azilian">Azilian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahrensburg_culture" title="Ahrensburg culture">Ahrensburg culture</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Europe" title="Prehistoric Europe">Prehistoric Europe</a></div> <p><b>Magdalenian</b> cultures (also <b>Madelenian</b>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i>Magdalénien</i>) are later <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_culture" title="Archaeological culture">cultures</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic" title="Upper Paleolithic">Upper Paleolithic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a> in <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">western Europe</a>. They date from around 17,000 to 12,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-DATES_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DATES-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is named after the <a href="/wiki/Type_site" title="Type site">type site</a> of <a href="/wiki/La_Madeleine_(prehistoric_site)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Madeleine (prehistoric site)">La Madeleine</a>, a rock shelter located in the Vézère valley, commune of <a href="/wiki/Tursac" title="Tursac">Tursac</a>, in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France's</a> <a href="/wiki/Dordogne" title="Dordogne">Dordogne</a> department. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Lartet" title="Édouard Lartet">Édouard Lartet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Christy" title="Henry Christy">Henry Christy</a> originally termed the period <i>L'âge du renne</i> (the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_the_Reindeer" class="mw-redirect" title="Age of the Reindeer">Age of the Reindeer</a>). They conducted the first systematic <a href="/wiki/Excavations" class="mw-redirect" title="Excavations">excavations</a> of the type site, publishing in 1875. The Magdalenian is associated with <a href="/wiki/Reindeer" title="Reindeer">reindeer</a> hunters, although Magdalenian sites contain extensive evidence for the hunting of red deer, horses, and other large <a href="/wiki/Mammals" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammals">mammals</a> present in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> toward the end of the <a href="/wiki/Last_glacial_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Last glacial period">last glacial period</a>. The culture was geographically widespread, and later Magdalenian sites stretched from Portugal in the west to Poland in the east, and as far north as <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands" title="Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>. Besides La Madeleine, the chief stations of the Magdalenian are <a href="/wiki/Les_Eyzies" title="Les Eyzies">Les Eyzies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laugerie-Basse" title="Laugerie-Basse">Laugerie-Basse</a>, and Gorges d'Enfer in the <a href="/wiki/Dordogne" title="Dordogne">Dordogne</a>; Grotte du Placard in <a href="/wiki/Charente" title="Charente">Charente</a> and others in south-west France. </p><p>Magdalenian peoples produced a wide variety of art, including figurines and cave paintings. Evidence has been found suggesting that Magdalenian peoples regularly engaged in (probably ritualistic) <a href="/wiki/Human_cannibalism" title="Human cannibalism">cannibalism</a> along with producing <a href="/wiki/Skull_cup" title="Skull cup">skull cups</a>. </p><p>Genetic studies indicate that the Magdalenian peoples were largely descended from earlier Western European <a href="/wiki/Cro-Magnon" title="Cro-Magnon">Cro-Magnon</a> groups like the <a href="/wiki/Gravettian" title="Gravettian">Gravettians</a> that were present in Western Europe over 30,000 years ago prior to the <a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Maximum" title="Last Glacial Maximum">Last Glacial Maximum</a> (LGM), who had retreated to southwestern Europe during the LGM. Madgalenian peoples were largely replaced and in some areas absorbed by <a href="/wiki/Epigravettian" title="Epigravettian">Epigravettian</a>-related groups of <a href="/wiki/Western_Hunter_Gatherers" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Hunter Gatherers">Villabruna/Western Hunter Gatherer</a> ancestry at the end of the Pleistocene. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Period_biology">Period biology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magdalenian&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Period biology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Magdalenian_cave_drawing._Wellcome_M0008770.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Magdalenian_cave_drawing._Wellcome_M0008770.jpg/421px-Magdalenian_cave_drawing._Wellcome_M0008770.jpg" decoding="async" width="421" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Magdalenian_cave_drawing._Wellcome_M0008770.jpg/632px-Magdalenian_cave_drawing._Wellcome_M0008770.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Magdalenian_cave_drawing._Wellcome_M0008770.jpg/842px-Magdalenian_cave_drawing._Wellcome_M0008770.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5548" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Magdalenian cave painting</figcaption></figure> <p>The Magdalenian is represented by numerous sites, whose contents show progress in arts and culture. It was characterized by a cold and dry climate, humans in association with the reindeer, and the extinction of the <a href="/wiki/Mammoth" title="Mammoth">mammoth</a>. The use of bone and ivory as implements, begun in the preceding <a href="/wiki/Solutrean" title="Solutrean">Solutrean</a>, increased, making the period essentially a bone period. Bone instruments are quite varied: spear-points, <a href="/wiki/Harpoon" title="Harpoon">harpoon</a>-heads, borers, hooks and needles.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The fauna of the Magdalenian seems to have included <a href="/wiki/Cave_lions" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Cave lions">cave lions</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reindeer, <a href="/wiki/Arctic_fox" title="Arctic fox">arctic foxes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arctic_hare" title="Arctic hare">arctic hares</a>, and other cold weather specialists.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Magdalenian humans appear to have been of short stature, <a href="/wiki/Dolichocephaly" title="Dolichocephaly">dolichocephalic</a>, with a low retreating forehead and prominent <a href="/wiki/Brow_ridge" title="Brow ridge">brow ridges</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chronology">Chronology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magdalenian&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Chronology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The culture spans from approximately 17,000 to 12,000 <a href="/wiki/Before_Present" title="Before Present">BP</a>, toward the end of the most recent <a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">ice age</a>. Magdalenian tool culture is characterised by regular <a href="/wiki/Blade" title="Blade">blade</a> industries struck from <a href="/wiki/Carinate" title="Carinate">carinated</a> cores. </p><p>The Magdalenian is divided into six phases generally agreed to have chronological significance (Magdalenian I through VI, I being the earliest and VI being the latest). The earliest phases are recognised by the varying proportion of blades and specific varieties of scrapers, the middle phases marked by the emergence of a microlithic component (particularly the distinctive <a href="/wiki/Denticulate_tool" title="Denticulate tool">denticulated</a> <a href="/wiki/Microliths" class="mw-redirect" title="Microliths">microliths</a>), and the later phases by the presence of uniserial (phase<span class="nowrap"> </span>5) and biserial 'harpoons' (phase<span class="nowrap"> </span>6) made of bone, antler and ivory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Sonneville-BordesPerrot1956_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Sonneville-BordesPerrot1956-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pincevent_tent.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Pincevent_tent.gif/220px-Pincevent_tent.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Pincevent_tent.gif/330px-Pincevent_tent.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Pincevent_tent.gif/440px-Pincevent_tent.gif 2x" data-file-width="1214" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Magdalenian people dwelt in tents such as this one of Pincevent (France) that dates to 12,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Debate continues about the nature of the earliest Magdalenian assemblages, and it remains questionable whether the Badegoulian culture is the earliest phase of Magdalenian culture. Similarly, finds from the forest of Beauregard near Paris have been suggested as belonging to the earliest Magdalenian.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHemingway1980_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHemingway1980-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest Magdalenian sites are in France. The <a href="/wiki/Epigravettian" title="Epigravettian">Epigravettian</a> is a similar culture appearing at the same time. Its known range extends from southeast France to the western shores of the <a href="/wiki/Volga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga River">Volga River</a>, Russia, with many sites in Italy. </p><p>The later phases of Magdalenian culture are contemporaneous with the human re-settlement of north-western Europe after the <a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Maximum" title="Last Glacial Maximum">Last Glacial Maximum</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Late_Glacial_Maximum" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Glacial Maximum">Late Glacial Maximum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHousleyGambleStreetPettitt1997_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHousleyGambleStreetPettitt1997-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECharles1996_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECharles1996-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As hunter gatherers, Magdalenians did not re-settle permanently in northwest Europe, instead following herds and seasons. </p><p>By the end of the Magdalenian, lithic technology shows a pronounced trend toward increased microlithisation. The bone harpoons and points have the most distinctive chronological markers within the typological sequence. As well as flint tools, Magdalenians are known for their elaborate worked bone, antler and <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a> that served both functional and aesthetic purposes, including <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A2ton_de_commandement" class="mw-redirect" title="Bâton de commandement">perforated batons</a>. </p><p>The sea shells and fossils found in Magdalenian sites may be sourced to relatively precise areas and have been used to support hypotheses of Magdalenian hunter-gatherer seasonal ranges, and perhaps trade routes. </p><p>In northern Spain and south-west France this tool culture was superseded by the <a href="/wiki/Azilian" title="Azilian">Azilian</a> culture. In northern Europe it was followed by variants of the <a href="/wiki/Federmesser_culture" title="Federmesser culture">Tjongerian</a> techno-complex. It has been suggested that key Late-glacial sites in south-western Britain may be attributed to Magdalenian culture, including <a href="/wiki/Kent%27s_Cavern" class="mw-redirect" title="Kent's Cavern">Kent's Cavern</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art">Art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magdalenian&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F07_0054.Ma.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/F07_0054.Ma.JPG/220px-F07_0054.Ma.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/F07_0054.Ma.JPG/330px-F07_0054.Ma.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/F07_0054.Ma.JPG/440px-F07_0054.Ma.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Antler carving, France, 15,000 BC</figcaption></figure> <p>Bones, reindeer antlers and animal teeth display pictures carved or etched on them of seals, fish, reindeer, mammoths and other creatures. </p><p>The best of Magdalenian artworks are a mammoth engraved on a fragment of its own ivory;<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (June 2013)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Magdalenian#Dubious" title="Talk:Magdalenian">discuss</a></i>]</sup> a dagger of reindeer antler, with a handle in the form of a reindeer; a cave-bear cut on a flat piece of <a href="/wiki/Schist" title="Schist">schist</a>; a seal on a bear's tooth; a fish drawn on a reindeer antler; and a complete picture, also on reindeer antler, showing horses, an <a href="/wiki/Aurochs" title="Aurochs">aurochs</a>, trees, and a snake biting a man's leg. The man is naked, which, together with the snake, suggests a warm climate in spite of the presence of the reindeer. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Tuc_d%27Audoubert" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuc d'Audoubert">Tuc d'Audoubert</a> cave, an 18-inch clay statue of two bison sculpted in relief was discovered in the deepest room, now known as the Room of the Bisons.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Examples of Magdalenian portable art include batons, <a href="/wiki/Figurine" title="Figurine">figurines</a>, and intricately engraved projectile points, as well as items of personal adornment including sea shells, perforated <a href="/wiki/Carnivore" title="Carnivore">carnivore</a> teeth (presumably necklaces), and fossils. </p><p>Cave sites such as <a href="/wiki/Lascaux" title="Lascaux">Lascaux</a> contain the best known examples of Magdalenian <a href="/wiki/Cave_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Cave art">cave art</a>. The site of <a href="/wiki/Altamira_(cave)" class="mw-redirect" title="Altamira (cave)">Altamira</a> in Spain, with its extensive and varied forms of Magdalenian <a href="/wiki/Portable_art" title="Portable art">mobiliary art</a> has been suggested to be an agglomeration site where groups of Magdalenian hunter-gatherers congregated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConkeyBeltránClarkEchegaray1980_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConkeyBeltránClarkEchegaray1980-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magdalenian&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1304px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Propulseur_Mas_d%27Azil.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Propulseur_Mas_d%27Azil.png/120px-Propulseur_Mas_d%27Azil.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Propulseur_Mas_d%27Azil.png/180px-Propulseur_Mas_d%27Azil.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Propulseur_Mas_d%27Azil.png/240px-Propulseur_Mas_d%27Azil.png 2x" data-file-width="2052" data-file-height="1888" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Magdalenian_horse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Magdalenian_horse.jpg/112px-Magdalenian_horse.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Magdalenian_horse.jpg/169px-Magdalenian_horse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Magdalenian_horse.jpg/225px-Magdalenian_horse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2014" data-file-height="2149" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paleolithic_horse3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Paleolithic_horse3.JPG/120px-Paleolithic_horse3.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Paleolithic_horse3.JPG/180px-Paleolithic_horse3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Paleolithic_horse3.JPG/240px-Paleolithic_horse3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2495" data-file-height="1747" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Speerschleuder_LaMadeleine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Speerschleuder_LaMadeleine.jpg/120px-Speerschleuder_LaMadeleine.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Speerschleuder_LaMadeleine.jpg/180px-Speerschleuder_LaMadeleine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Speerschleuder_LaMadeleine.jpg/240px-Speerschleuder_LaMadeleine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2299" data-file-height="1223" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lascaux_painting.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lascaux cave painting"><img alt="Lascaux cave painting" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Lascaux_painting.jpg/120px-Lascaux_painting.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Lascaux_painting.jpg/180px-Lascaux_painting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Lascaux_painting.jpg/240px-Lascaux_painting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="472" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lascaux" title="Lascaux">Lascaux</a> cave painting</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lascaux_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lascaux cave painting"><img alt="Lascaux cave painting" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Lascaux_II.jpg/120px-Lascaux_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Lascaux_II.jpg/180px-Lascaux_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Lascaux_II.jpg/240px-Lascaux_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2748" data-file-height="1827" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lascaux cave painting</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lascaux_017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Lascaux_017.jpg/120px-Lascaux_017.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Lascaux_017.jpg/180px-Lascaux_017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Lascaux_017.jpg/240px-Lascaux_017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lascaux_015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Lascaux_015.jpg/120px-Lascaux_015.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Lascaux_015.jpg/180px-Lascaux_015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Lascaux_015.jpg/240px-Lascaux_015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lascaux-IV_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Lascaux-IV_01.jpg/120px-Lascaux-IV_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Lascaux-IV_01.jpg/180px-Lascaux-IV_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Lascaux-IV_01.jpg/240px-Lascaux-IV_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lascaux,_Megaloceros.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Lascaux%2C_Megaloceros.jpg/120px-Lascaux%2C_Megaloceros.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Lascaux%2C_Megaloceros.jpg/180px-Lascaux%2C_Megaloceros.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Lascaux%2C_Megaloceros.jpg/240px-Lascaux%2C_Megaloceros.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1775" data-file-height="1744" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; 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height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bisons_Tuc_d%27Audoubert_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Arch%C3%A9ologie_Nationale_01042018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Bisons_Tuc_d%27Audoubert_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Arch%C3%A9ologie_Nationale_01042018.jpg/120px-Bisons_Tuc_d%27Audoubert_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Arch%C3%A9ologie_Nationale_01042018.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Bisons_Tuc_d%27Audoubert_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Arch%C3%A9ologie_Nationale_01042018.jpg/180px-Bisons_Tuc_d%27Audoubert_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Arch%C3%A9ologie_Nationale_01042018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Bisons_Tuc_d%27Audoubert_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Arch%C3%A9ologie_Nationale_01042018.jpg/240px-Bisons_Tuc_d%27Audoubert_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Arch%C3%A9ologie_Nationale_01042018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4525" data-file-height="3010" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sleeping_Reindeer_3_2918856445_7d66cc4796_o.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Sleeping_Reindeer_3_2918856445_7d66cc4796_o.jpg/120px-Sleeping_Reindeer_3_2918856445_7d66cc4796_o.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Sleeping_Reindeer_3_2918856445_7d66cc4796_o.jpg/180px-Sleeping_Reindeer_3_2918856445_7d66cc4796_o.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Sleeping_Reindeer_3_2918856445_7d66cc4796_o.jpg/240px-Sleeping_Reindeer_3_2918856445_7d66cc4796_o.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2605" data-file-height="1861" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lat%C3%A9nium-dame-Monruz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Lat%C3%A9nium-dame-Monruz.jpg/80px-Lat%C3%A9nium-dame-Monruz.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Lat%C3%A9nium-dame-Monruz.jpg/121px-Lat%C3%A9nium-dame-Monruz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Lat%C3%A9nium-dame-Monruz.jpg/161px-Lat%C3%A9nium-dame-Monruz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1586" data-file-height="2362" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Treatment_of_the_dead">Treatment of the dead</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magdalenian&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Treatment of the dead"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some skulls were cleaned of soft tissues, then had the facial regions removed, with the remaining <a href="/wiki/Neurocranium" title="Neurocranium">brain case</a> retouched, possibly to make the broken edges more regular. This manipulation suggests the shaping of skulls to produce <a href="/wiki/Skull_cup" title="Skull cup">skull cups</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finds of defleshed (as evidenced by cut marks) and cracked bones with human chewing marks at <a href="/wiki/Gough%27s_Cave" title="Gough's Cave">Gough's Cave</a>, England suggests that the Magdalenian peoples there engaged in <a href="/wiki/Human_cannibalism" title="Human cannibalism">cannibalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cannibalism has been suggested at a dozen other Magadelian sites across the culture's geographic range, representing 25% of all Magdalenian sites, far more than any other European Paleolithic culture.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been suggested that Magdalenian peoples practiced a form of <a href="/wiki/Funerary_cannibalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Funerary cannibalism">funerary endocannibalism</a>, where upon the death of a member of the community, they were ritually dismembered and consumed by other members of the group, with their skulls being used to create skull cups.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At other Magdalenian sites primary burial with no evidence of cannibalism is observed, with a handful of sites showing alternating evidence of cannibalism and primary burial at different occupation layers. At sites with primary burial, genetic analysis of these individuals indicate that they are more closely related to the people of the <a href="/wiki/Epigravettian" title="Epigravettian">Epigravettian</a> culture/<a href="/wiki/Western_Hunter-Gatherer" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Hunter-Gatherer">Villabruna cluster</a> than to the Magdalenians that practiced cannibalism (who belong to the GoyetQ2 cluster).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetics">Genetics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magdalenian&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Genetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The genes of seven Magdalenians, the <a href="/wiki/El_Mir%C3%B3n_Cave" title="El Mirón Cave">El Miron</a> Cluster in Iberia, have shown close relationship to a population who had lived in Northern Europe some 20,000 years previously. The analyses suggested that 70-80% of the ancestry of these individuals was from the population represented by Goyet Q116-1, associated with the <a href="/wiki/Aurignacian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurignacian culture">Aurignacian culture</a> of about 35,000 BP, from the <a href="/wiki/Goyet_Caves" title="Goyet Caves">Goyet Caves</a> in modern Belgium.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFuPosthHajdinjakPetr2016_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFuPosthHajdinjakPetr2016-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been found that Magdalenians are closely related to <a href="/wiki/Solutrean" title="Solutrean">Solutreans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has also been found that Magdalenians are closely related to western <a href="/wiki/Gravettian" title="Gravettian">Gravettians</a> who inhabited France and Spain prior to the Last Glacial Maximum.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 15,000 year old GoyetQ2 individual from Goyet Caves is often used as a proxy for Magdalenian ancestry.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Analysis of genomes of GoyetQ2-related Magdalenians suggest that like earlier Cro-Magnon groups, they probably had a relatively dark skin tone compared to modern Europeans.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2023 study proposed that relative to earlier Western European Cro-Magnon related groups like Goyet Q116-1-related Aurignacian and the Western Gravettian associated Fournol cluster, the Goyet-Q2-related Magdalenians appear to have carried significant (~30% ancestry) from the <a href="/wiki/Villabruna_cluster" class="mw-redirect" title="Villabruna cluster">Villabruna cluster</a> (thought to be of southeastern European origin, and sharing affinities to West Asian peoples not found in earlier European hunter-gatherers) associated with the <a href="/wiki/Epigravettian" title="Epigravettian">Epigravettian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The three samples of <a href="/wiki/Y-DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="Y-DNA">Y-DNA</a> included two samples of haplogroup <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_I-M170" title="Haplogroup I-M170">I</a> and one sample of <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_HIJK" title="Haplogroup HIJK">HIJK</a>. All samples of <a href="/wiki/MtDNA" class="mw-redirect" title="MtDNA">mtDNA</a> belonged to <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_U_(mtDNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup U (mtDNA)">U</a>, including five samples of <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_U_(mtDNA)#Haplogroup_U8" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup U (mtDNA)">U8b</a> and one sample of <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_U_(mtDNA)#Haplogroup_U5" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup U (mtDNA)">U5b</a>. </p><p>Around 14-12,000 years ago, the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hunter-Gatherer" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Hunter-Gatherer">Western Hunter-Gatherer</a> cluster (which predominantly descended from the Villabruna cluster, with possible ancestry related to the Goyet-Q2 cluster<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), expanded northwards across the Alps, largely replacing the Goyet-Q2 cluster associated Magdalenian groups in Western Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In France and Spain, significant GoyetQ2-related ancestry persisted into the <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a>, with some Neolithic individuals in France and Spain largely of <a href="/wiki/Early_European_Farmers" title="Early European Farmers">Early European Farmer</a> descent showing significant GoyetQ2 ancestry.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Transition_from_Goyet_(green)_to_Villabruna_(orange)_genetic_types_in_European_sites,_according_to_timeline_and_climate_evolution.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Transition_from_Goyet_%28green%29_to_Villabruna_%28orange%29_genetic_types_in_European_sites%2C_according_to_timeline_and_climate_evolution.jpg/660px-Transition_from_Goyet_%28green%29_to_Villabruna_%28orange%29_genetic_types_in_European_sites%2C_according_to_timeline_and_climate_evolution.jpg" decoding="async" width="660" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Transition_from_Goyet_%28green%29_to_Villabruna_%28orange%29_genetic_types_in_European_sites%2C_according_to_timeline_and_climate_evolution.jpg/990px-Transition_from_Goyet_%28green%29_to_Villabruna_%28orange%29_genetic_types_in_European_sites%2C_according_to_timeline_and_climate_evolution.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Transition_from_Goyet_%28green%29_to_Villabruna_%28orange%29_genetic_types_in_European_sites%2C_according_to_timeline_and_climate_evolution.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1203" data-file-height="468" /></a><figcaption>Transition from Magdalenian <a href="/wiki/Goyet_Caves" title="Goyet Caves">Goyet</a> ancestry (green <small><span style="display:inline-block;border:1.62px solid black;vertical-align:text-top;" title="Green"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="display:block;padding:0;width:0.6em;height:0.6em;background:green;color:inherit;"> </span></span></small>, Goyet Q2) to <a href="/wiki/Western_Hunter_Gatherer" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Hunter Gatherer">Western Hunter Gatherer</a> (WHG) Villabruna ancestry (orange <small><span style="display:inline-block;border:1.62px solid black;vertical-align:text-top;" title="Orange"><span class="mw-no-invert" style="display:block;padding:0;width:0.6em;height:0.6em;background:orange;color:inherit;"> </span></span></small>) in European sites, according to timeline and climate evolution.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magdalenian&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Solutrean" title="Solutrean">Solutrean</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Magdalenian </b><br />17,000–9,000 BP </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Azilian" title="Azilian">Azilian</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">The <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> ↑ <a href="/wiki/Pliocene" title="Pliocene">Pliocene</a> (<a href="/wiki/Human_taxonomy#Hominina" title="Human taxonomy">before <i>Homo</i></a>)</td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Paleolithic" title="Lower Paleolithic">Lower Paleolithic</a><br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 3.3</span> <a href="/wiki/Year#Abbreviations_yr_and_ya" title="Year">Ma</a> – 300 <a href="/wiki/Year#Abbreviations_yr_and_ya" title="Year">ka</a>)</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lomekwi" title="Lomekwi">Lomekwi</a> (3.3 Ma)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldowan" title="Oldowan">Oldowan</a> (2.6–1.7 Ma)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acheulean" title="Acheulean">Acheulean</a> (1.76–0.13 Ma) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madrasian_culture" title="Madrasian culture">Madrasian</a> (1.5 Ma)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soanian" title="Soanian">Soanian</a> (500–130 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clactonian" title="Clactonian">Clactonian</a> (424–400 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acheulo-Yabrudian_complex" title="Acheulo-Yabrudian complex">Mugharan</a> (400–220 ka)</li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Paleolithic" title="Middle Paleolithic">Middle Paleolithic</a><br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 300–50 <a href="/wiki/Year#Abbreviations_yr_and_ya" title="Year">ka</a>)</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mousterian" title="Mousterian">Mousterian</a> (160–40 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aterian" title="Aterian">Aterian</a> (145–20 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micoquien" title="Micoquien">Micoquien</a> (130–70 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangoan" title="Sangoan">Sangoan</a> (130–10 ka)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic" title="Upper Paleolithic">Upper Paleolithic</a><br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 50–12 <a href="/wiki/Year#Abbreviations_yr_and_ya" title="Year">ka</a>)</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Initial_Upper_Paleolithic" title="Initial Upper Paleolithic">Initial Upper Paleolithic</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Fertile_Crescent" title="Fertile Crescent">Fertile Crescent</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emiran" title="Emiran">Emiran</a> (50–40 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmarian" title="Ahmarian">Ahmarian</a> (46–42 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baradostian_culture" title="Baradostian culture">Baradostian</a> (36–18 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_Aurignacian" title="Levantine Aurignacian">Aurignacian</a> (35–29 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarzian_culture" title="Zarzian culture">Zarzian</a> (20–10 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Kebaran">Kebaran</a> (18–12.5 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trialetian_Mesolithic" title="Trialetian Mesolithic">Trialetian</a> (16–8 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natufian_culture" title="Natufian culture">Natufian</a> (14.5–11.5 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khiamian" class="mw-redirect" title="Khiamian">Khiamian</a> (12.2–10.8 ka)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_Europe#Upper_Paleolithic_:_50,000–10,000_BP" title="Paleolithic Europe">Europe</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bohunician" title="Bohunician">Bohunician</a> (48–40 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2telperronian" title="Châtelperronian">Châtelperronian</a> (44.5–36 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician" title="Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician">Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician</a> (43–32 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurignacian" title="Aurignacian">Aurignacian</a> (43–26 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szeletian" title="Szeletian">Szeletian</a> (41,000-37,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rigordian" title="Périgordian">Périgordian</a> (35–20 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian" title="Gravettian">Gravettian</a> (33–24 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlovian_culture" title="Pavlovian culture">Pavlovian</a> (29–25 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solutrean" title="Solutrean">Solutrean</a> (22–17 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigravettian" title="Epigravettian">Epigravettian</a> (20–10 ka)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Magdalenian</a> (17–12 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_culture" title="Hamburg culture">Hamburg</a> (15.5–13.1 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federmesser_culture" title="Federmesser culture">Federmesser</a> (14–12.8 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azilian" title="Azilian">Azilian</a> (14–10 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahrensburg_culture" title="Ahrensburg culture">Ahrensburg</a> (13–12 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiderian_culture" title="Swiderian culture">Swiderian</a> (11–8 ka)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/History_of_Africa#Paleolithic" title="History of Africa">Africa</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khormusan" title="Khormusan">Khormusan</a> (42–18 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberomaurusian" title="Iberomaurusian">Iberomaurusian</a> (25–11 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushabian_culture" title="Mushabian culture">Mushabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfan_culture" title="Halfan culture">Halfan</a> (22–14 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadan_culture" title="Qadan culture">Qadan</a> (15—11 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebilian" title="Sebilian">Sebilian</a> (15–11 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eburran_industry" title="Eburran industry">Eburran</a> (15–5 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magosian" title="Magosian">Magosian</a> (10–8 ka)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Siberia" title="Prehistory of Siberia">Siberia</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mal%27ta%E2%80%93Buret%27_culture" title="Mal'ta–Buret' culture">Mal'ta–Buret'</a> (24–15 ka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afontova_Gora" title="Afontova Gora">Afontova Gora</a> (21–12 ka}</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#efefef;"> ↓ <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Paleolithic" title="Template:Paleolithic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Paleolithic" title="Template talk:Paleolithic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Paleolithic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Paleolithic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magdalenian_Girl" title="Magdalenian Girl">Magdalenian Girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimming_Reindeer" title="Swimming Reindeer">Swimming Reindeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Upper_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Upper Paleolithic">Art of the Upper Paleolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Stone_Age_art" title="List of Stone Age art">List of Stone Age art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_I-M170" title="Haplogroup I-M170">Haplogroup I-M170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younger_Dryas" title="Younger Dryas">Younger Dryas</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magdalenian&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magdalenian&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-DATES-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DATES_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DATES_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dates given vary somewhat.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEnloe2001_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEnloe2001-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magdalenian&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210118043550/https://leseyzies-tourist.info/the-magdalenian/">"The Magdalenian"</a>. <i>Les Eyzies Tourist Info</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://leseyzies-tourist.info/the-magdalenian/">the original</a> on 2021-01-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Les+Eyzies+Tourist+Info&rft.atitle=The+Magdalenian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fleseyzies-tourist.info%2Fthe-magdalenian%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdalenian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEnloe2001-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEnloe2001_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEnloe2001">Enloe 2001</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussoMilksLederKoddenberg2023" class="citation journal cs1">Russo, Gabriele; Milks, Annemieke; Leder, Dirk; Koddenberg, Tim; Starkovich, Britt M.; Duval, M.; Zhao, J.-X.; Darga, Robert; 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B.A.R. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0860541045" title="Special:BookSources/0860541045"><bdi>0860541045</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/7368169">7368169</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Initial+Magdalenian+in+France&rft.pub=B.A.R&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F7368169&rft.isbn=0860541045&rft.aulast=Hemingway&rft.aufirst=M.F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdalenian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHousleyGambleStreetPettitt1997" class="citation journal cs1">Housley, R.A.; Gamble, C.S.; Street, M.; Pettitt, P. (1997). "Radiocarbon evidence for the Lateglacial Human Recolonisation of Northern Europe". <i>Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society</i>. <b>63</b>: <span class="nowrap">25–</span>54. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0079497x0000236x">10.1017/s0079497x0000236x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0079-497X">0079-497X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:130323509">130323509</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Prehistoric+Society&rft.atitle=Radiocarbon+evidence+for+the+Lateglacial+Human+Recolonisation+of+Northern+Europe&rft.volume=63&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E25-%3C%2Fspan%3E54&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A130323509%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0079-497X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0079497x0000236x&rft.aulast=Housley&rft.aufirst=R.A.&rft.au=Gamble%2C+C.S.&rft.au=Street%2C+M.&rft.au=Pettitt%2C+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdalenian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLartetChristy1875" class="citation book cs1">Lartet, E.; Christy, H. (1875). <i>Reliquae Aquitanicae: being contributions to the archaeology of Périgord and adjoining provinces of Southern France</i>. London: Williams & Norgate.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reliquae+Aquitanicae%3A+being+contributions+to+the+archaeology+of+P%C3%A9rigord+and+adjoining+provinces+of+Southern+France&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Williams+%26+Norgate&rft.date=1875&rft.aulast=Lartet&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=Christy%2C+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdalenian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Sonneville-BordesPerrot1956" class="citation journal cs1">de Sonneville-Bordes, D.; Perrot, J. (1956). "Lexique typologique du Paléolithique supérieur". <i>Bulletin de la Société préhistorique de France</i>. <b>53</b> (7): <span class="nowrap">408–</span>412. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fbspf.1956.3357">10.3406/bspf.1956.3357</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0037-9514">0037-9514</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+pr%C3%A9historique+de+France&rft.atitle=Lexique+typologique+du+Pal%C3%A9olithique+sup%C3%A9rieur&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E408-%3C%2Fspan%3E412&rft.date=1956&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fbspf.1956.3357&rft.issn=0037-9514&rft.aulast=de+Sonneville-Bordes&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.au=Perrot%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdalenian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStraus1992" class="citation book cs1">Straus, Lawrence Guy (1992). <i>Iberia Before the Iberians</i>. University of New Mexico Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iberia+Before+the+Iberians&rft.pub=University+of+New+Mexico+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Straus&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+Guy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdalenian" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magdalenian&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Magdalenian" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Magdalenian">Magdalenian</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090301000712/http://www.pole-prehistoire.com/page_site.php?site=20&base_arbo=187&arbo_id=187&page_id=304&lng=1">"Pictures and description of the La Madeleine site"</a>. 2009-03-01. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pole-prehistoire.com/page_site.php?site=20&base_arbo=187&arbo_id=187&page_id=304&lng=1">the original</a> on 2009-03-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pictures+and+description+of+the+La+Madeleine+site&rft.date=2009-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pole-prehistoire.com%2Fpage_site.php%3Fsite%3D20%26base_arbo%3D187%26arbo_id%3D187%26page_id%3D304%26lng%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagdalenian" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anthropark.wz.cz/aagalery.htm">Picture Gallery of the Paleolithic (reconstructional palaeoethnology)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170614033200/http://www.anthropark.wz.cz/aagalery.htm">Archived</a> 2017-06-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Libor Balák at the Czech Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Archaeology in Brno, The Center for Paleolithic and Paleoethnological Research</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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title="Three-age system">Subdivisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">New Stone Age</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_technology" title="History of technology">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_archaeology" title="Glossary of archaeology">Glossary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Tools434" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Tools</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture" title="History of agriculture">Farming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution" title="Neolithic Revolution">Neolithic Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Founder_crops" title="Founder crops">Founder crops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_crops" title="New World crops">New World crops</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ard_(plough)" title="Ard (plough)">Ard / plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celt_(tool)" title="Celt (tool)">Celt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digging_stick" title="Digging stick">Digging stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestication" title="Domestication">Domestication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goad" title="Goad">Goad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">Irrigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_products_revolution" title="Secondary products revolution">Secondary products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sickle" title="Sickle">Sickle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrace_(earthworks)" title="Terrace (earthworks)">Terracing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Food processing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Control_of_fire_by_early_humans" title="Control of fire by early humans">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basket" title="Basket">Basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking" title="Cooking">Cooking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earth_oven" title="Earth oven">Earth oven</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granary" title="Granary">Granaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinding_slab" title="Grinding slab">Grinding slab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_stone" title="Ground stone">Ground stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearth" title="Hearth">Hearth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9F%C4%B1kl%C4%B1_H%C3%B6y%C3%BCk#Hearths" title="Aşıklı Höyük">Aşıklı Höyük</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qesem_cave#Fire" title="Qesem cave">Qesem cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mano_(stone)" title="Mano (stone)">Manos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metate" title="Metate">Metate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortar_and_pestle" title="Mortar and pestle">Mortar and pestle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quern-stone" title="Quern-stone">Quern-stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_storage_pits" title="Prehistoric storage pits">Storage pits</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Hunting_hypothesis" title="Hunting hypothesis">Hunting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrow" title="Arrow">Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boomerang" title="Boomerang">Boomerang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Throwing_stick" title="Throwing stick">throwing stick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">Bow and arrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_archery" title="History of archery">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian#Hunting" title="Gravettian">Nets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spear" title="Spear">Spear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spear-thrower" title="Spear-thrower">spear-thrower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baton_fragment_(Palart_310)" title="Baton fragment (Palart 310)">baton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpoon" title="Harpoon">harpoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6ningen_spears" title="Schöningen spears">Schöningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woomera_(spear-thrower)" title="Woomera (spear-thrower)">woomera</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Projectile_point" title="Projectile point">Projectile points</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrowhead" title="Arrowhead">Arrowhead</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_arrowhead" title="Transverse arrowhead">Transverse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bare_Island_projectile_point" title="Bare Island projectile point">Bare Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_point" title="Cascade point">Cascade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_point" title="Clovis point">Clovis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creswellian_culture" title="Creswellian culture">Cresswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_point" title="Cumberland point">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_point" title="Eden point">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_point" title="Folsom point">Folsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamoka_projectile_point" title="Lamoka projectile point">Lamoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manis_Mastodon_site" title="Manis Mastodon site">Manis Mastodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano_point" title="Plano point">Plano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Game_drive_system" title="Game drive system">Game drive system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_jump" title="Buffalo jump">Buffalo jump</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Toolmaking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industry_(archaeology)" title="Industry (archaeology)">Earliest toolmaking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oldowan" title="Oldowan">Oldowan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acheulean" title="Acheulean">Acheulean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mousterian" title="Mousterian">Mousterian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurignacian" title="Aurignacian">Aurignacian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_culture" title="Clovis culture">Clovis culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupstone" title="Cupstone">Cupstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_hardening" title="Fire hardening">Fire hardening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian" title="Gravettian">Gravettian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafting" title="Hafting">Hafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_axe" title="Hand axe">Hand axe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grooves_(archaeology)" title="Grooves (archaeology)">Grooves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdale_axe_industry" title="Langdale axe industry">Langdale axe industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levallois_technique" title="Levallois technique">Levallois technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_core" title="Lithic core">Lithic core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_reduction" title="Lithic reduction">Lithic reduction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_analysis" title="Lithic analysis">analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debitage" title="Debitage">debitage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_flake" title="Lithic flake">flake</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Lithic technology</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Magdalenian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrous_metallurgy" title="Ferrous metallurgy">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microblade_technology" title="Microblade technology">Microblade technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grime%27s_Graves" title="Grime's Graves">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prepared-core_technique" title="Prepared-core technique">Prepared-core technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solutrean" title="Solutrean">Solutrean industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striking_platform" title="Striking platform">Striking platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tool_stone" title="Tool stone">Tool stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniface" title="Uniface">Uniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yubetsu_technique" title="Yubetsu technique">Yubetsu technique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">Other tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adze" title="Adze">Adze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stitching_awl" title="Stitching awl">Awl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian#Use_of_animal_remains" title="Gravettian">bone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axe" title="Axe">Axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannerstone" title="Bannerstone">Bannerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blade_(archaeology)" title="Blade (archaeology)">Blade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prismatic_blade" title="Prismatic blade">prismatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bone_tool" title="Bone tool">Bone tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_drill" title="Bow drill">Bow drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burin_(lithic_flake)" title="Burin (lithic flake)">Burin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe#History" title="Canoe">Canoe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oar" title="Oar">Oar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesse_canoe" title="Pesse canoe">Pesse canoe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopper_(archaeology)" title="Chopper (archaeology)">Chopper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chopping_tool" title="Chopping tool">tool</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleaver_(Stone_Age_tool)" title="Cleaver (Stone Age tool)">Cleaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denticulate_tool" title="Denticulate tool">Denticulate tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_plough" title="Fire plough">Fire plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-saw" title="Fire-saw">Fire-saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerstone" title="Hammerstone">Hammerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knife" title="Knife">Knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microlith" title="Microlith">Microlith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quern-stone" title="Quern-stone">Quern-stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racloir" title="Racloir">Racloir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">Rope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scraper_(archaeology)" title="Scraper (archaeology)">Scraper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grattoir_de_c%C3%B4t%C3%A9" title="Grattoir de côté">side</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_tool" title="Stone tool">Stone tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tally_stick#Paleolithic_tally_sticks" title="Tally stick">Tally stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_weapons#Copper_Age" title="History of weapons">Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel" title="Wheel">Wheel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronocice_pot" title="Bronocice pot">illustration</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Architecture434" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_architecture" title="History of architecture">Architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Ceremonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiva" title="Kiva">Kiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid" title="Pyramid">Pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhir" title="Menhir">Standing stones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Megalith" title="Megalith">megalith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_row" title="Stone row">row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Dwellings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_architecture" title="Neolithic architecture">Neolithic architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_long_house" title="Neolithic long house">long house</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_megalith_architecture" title="British megalith architecture">British megalith architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_megalith_architecture" title="Nordic megalith architecture">Nordic megalith architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burdei" title="Burdei">Burdei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_dwelling" title="Cliff dwelling">Cliff dwelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(shelter)" title="Dugout (shelter)">Dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hut" title="Hut">Hut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quiggly_hole" title="Quiggly hole">Quiggly hole</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacal" title="Jacal">Jacal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouse" title="Longhouse">Longhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudbrick" title="Mudbrick">Mudbrick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh#Lifestyle_and_technology" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit-house" title="Pit-house">Pit-house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_pueblitos" title="Navajo pueblitos">Pueblitos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo" title="Pueblo">Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_shelter" title="Rock shelter">Rock shelter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blombos_Cave" title="Blombos Cave">Blombos Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abri_de_la_Madeleine" title="Abri de la Madeleine">Abri de la Madeleine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibudu_Cave" title="Sibudu Cave">Sibudu Cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundhouse_(dwelling)" title="Roundhouse (dwelling)">Roundhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilt_house" title="Stilt house">Stilt house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_pile_dwellings_around_the_Alps" title="Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps">Alp pile dwellings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ness_of_Brodgar" title="Ness of Brodgar">Stone roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattle_and_daub" title="Wattle and daub">Wattle and daub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Water management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Check_dam" title="Check dam">Check dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistern" title="Cistern">Cistern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flush_toilet#History" title="Flush toilet">Flush toilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir">Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well" title="Well">Well</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Other architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feature_(archaeology)" title="Feature (archaeology)">Archaeological features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broch" title="Broch">Broch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnt_mound" title="Burnt mound">Burnt mound</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fulacht_fiadh" title="Fulacht fiadh">fulacht fiadh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Causewayed_enclosure" title="Causewayed enclosure">Causewayed enclosure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tor_enclosure" title="Tor enclosure">Tor enclosure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_circular_enclosures_in_Central_Europe" title="Neolithic circular enclosures in Central Europe">Circular enclosure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goseck_Circle" title="Goseck Circle">Goseck</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursus" title="Cursus">Cursus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henge" title="Henge">Henge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thornborough_Henges" title="Thornborough Henges">Thornborough</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_architectural_elements" title="Megalithic architectural elements">Megalithic architectural elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midden" title="Midden">Midden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_extant_buildings" title="List of oldest extant buildings">Oldest extant buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_circle" title="Timber circle">Timber circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_trackway" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber trackway">Timber trackway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Track" title="Sweet Track">Sweet Track</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Arts_and_culture434" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">Arts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_culture" title="Archaeological culture">culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">Material goods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basket_weaving" title="Basket weaving">Baskets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beadwork" title="Beadwork">Beadwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bed#History" title="Bed">Beds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles" title="History of clothing and textiles">Clothing/textiles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology" title="Timeline of clothing and textiles technology">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cosmetics" title="History of cosmetics">Cosmetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Stone_Age" title="Middle Stone Age">Glue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_hide_materials" title="History of hide materials">Hides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoe#History" title="Shoe">shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96tzi#Clothes_and_shoes" title="Ötzi">Ötzi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery#History" title="Jewellery">Jewelry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amber#Use" title="Amber">amber use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirror#History" title="Mirror">Mirrors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery#History" title="Pottery">Pottery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardium_pottery" title="Cardium pottery">Cardium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cord-marked_pottery" title="Cord-marked pottery">Cord-marked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grooved_ware" title="Grooved ware">Grooved ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_pottery" title="Jōmon pottery">Jōmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Pottery_culture" title="Linear Pottery culture">Linear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unstan_ware" title="Unstan ware">Unstan ware</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewing_needle#History" title="Sewing needle">Sewing needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">Wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Areni-1_winery" title="Areni-1 winery">winery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_wine_press#Early_history" title="History of the wine press">wine press</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">Prehistoric art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Upper_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Upper Paleolithic">Art of the Upper Paleolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Middle_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Middle Paleolithic">Art of the Middle Paleolithic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blombos_Cave#Archaeological_remains_and_material_culture_from_the_Middle_Stone_Age_levels" title="Blombos Cave">Blombos Cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Stone_Age_art" title="List of Stone Age art">List of Stone Age art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_stone" title="Bird stone">Bird stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairn" title="Cairn">Cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carved_stone_balls" title="Carved stone balls">Carved stone balls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_painting" title="Cave painting">Cave paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cup_and_ring_mark" title="Cup and ring mark">Cup and ring mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoglyph" title="Geoglyph">Geoglyph</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hill_figure" title="Hill figure">Hill figure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_hat" title="Golden hat">Golden hats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_stones" title="Guardian stones">Guardian stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwion_Gwion_rock_paintings" title="Gwion Gwion rock paintings">Gwion Gwion rock paintings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_painting#Pre-history" title="History of painting">painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigment#History" title="Pigment">pigment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_art" title="Megalithic art">Megalithic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroform" title="Petroform">Petroform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroglyph" title="Petroglyph">Petroglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrosomatoglyph" title="Petrosomatoglyph">Petrosomatoglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictogram" title="Pictogram">Pictogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_art" title="Rock art">Rock art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_cupule" title="Rock cupule">Rock cupule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_carving" title="Stone carving">Stone carving</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture#Prehistoric_periods" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_menhir" title="Statue menhir">Statue menhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circle" title="Stone circle">Stone circle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stone_circles" title="List of stone circles">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circles_in_the_British_Isles_and_Brittany" title="Stone circles in the British Isles and Brittany">British Isles and Brittany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurine" title="Venus figurine">Venus figurine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Burial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">Burial mounds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowl_barrow" title="Bowl barrow">Bowl barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_barrow" title="Round barrow">Round barrow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mound_Builders" title="Mound Builders">Mound Builders culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_burial_mounds_in_the_United_States" title="List of burial mounds in the United States">U.S. sites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_tomb" title="Chamber tomb">Chamber tomb</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cotswold-Severn_Group" title="Cotswold-Severn Group">Cotswold-Severn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cist" title="Cist">Cist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dartmoor_kistvaens" title="Dartmoor kistvaens">Dartmoor kistvaens</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clava_cairn" title="Clava cairn">Clava cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_cairn" title="Court cairn">Court cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cremation#History" title="Cremation">Cremation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">Dolmen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_dolmen" title="Great dolmen">Great dolmen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyre" title="Pyre">Funeral pyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallery_grave" title="Gallery grave">Gallery grave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transepted_gallery_grave" class="mw-redirect" title="Transepted gallery grave">transepted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedge-shaped_gallery_grave" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedge-shaped gallery grave">wedge-shaped</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grave_goods" title="Grave goods">Grave goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jar_burial" title="Jar burial">Jar burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_barrow" title="Long barrow">Long barrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unchambered_long_barrow" title="Unchambered long barrow">unchambered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nsalen" title="Grønsalen">Grønsalen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_tomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Megalithic tomb">Megalithic tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy" title="Mummy">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_grave" title="Passage grave">Passage grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectangular_dolmen" title="Rectangular dolmen">Rectangular dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_cairn" title="Ring cairn">Ring cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_dolmen" title="Simple dolmen">Simple dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_box_grave" title="Stone box grave">Stone box grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_cairn" title="Tor cairn">Tor cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unchambered_long_cairn" title="Unchambered long cairn">Unchambered long cairn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Other cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeoastronomy" title="Archaeoastronomy">Archaeoastronomy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeoastronomical_sites_by_country" title="List of archaeoastronomical sites by country">sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">lunar calendar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_modernity" title="Behavioral modernity">Behavioral modernity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_musicology" title="Evolutionary musicology">Evolutionary musicology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_archaeology" title="Music archaeology">music archaeology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_origin_of_religion" title="Evolutionary origin of religion">Evolutionary origin of religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Paleolithic religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_religion" title="Prehistoric religion">Prehistoric religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entheogenic_drugs_and_the_archaeological_record" title="Entheogenic drugs and the archaeological record">Spiritual drug use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_language" title="Origin of language">Origin of language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_counting" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric counting">Prehistoric counting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_medicine" title="Prehistoric medicine">Prehistoric medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trepanning" title="Trepanning">trepanning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_music" title="Prehistoric music">Prehistoric music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_drum" title="Alligator drum">Alligator drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_flute" title="Paleolithic flute">flutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divje_Babe_flute" title="Divje Babe flute">Divje Babe flute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudi_(instrument)" title="Gudi (instrument)">gudi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_warfare" title="Prehistoric warfare">Prehistoric warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diepkloof_Rock_Shelter" title="Diepkloof Rock Shelter">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Howiesons_Poort#Symbolism" title="Howiesons Poort">symbolism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693549#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata838" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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