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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D+%28%E7%A7%B0%E8%B0%93%29" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D+%28%E7%A7%B0%E8%B0%93%29" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-發音演變" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#發音演變"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>發音演變</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-發音演變-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-歷史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关歷史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-室町時代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#室町時代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>室町時代</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-室町時代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-戰國時代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#戰國時代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>戰國時代</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-戰國時代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-江戶時代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#江戶時代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>江戶時代</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-江戶時代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-親藩大名" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#親藩大名"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>親藩大名</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-親藩大名-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-譜代大名" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#譜代大名"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>譜代大名</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-譜代大名-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外樣大名" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外樣大名"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>外樣大名</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外樣大名-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註腳" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註腳"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>註腳</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註腳-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">大名 (称谓)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。65种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%8A-%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88" title="داي-ميو – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="داي-ميو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimyo" title="Daimyo – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Daimyo" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daymyo" title="Daymyo – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Daymyo" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%91" title="Даймё – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Даймё" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%8C%D0%BE" title="Даймьо – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Даймьо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimyo" title="Daimyo – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Daimyo" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A0imio" title="Dàimio – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dàimio" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%DB%86" title="دایمیۆ – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دایمیۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimj%C3%B3" title="Daimjó – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Daimjó" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimyo" title="Daimyo – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Daimyo" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimy%C5%8D" title="Daimyō – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Daimyō" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimyo" title="Daimyo – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Daimyo" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimio" title="Daimio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Daimio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimio" title="Daimio – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Daimio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimjo" title="Daimjo – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Daimjo" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimy%C5%8D" title="Daimyō – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Daimyō" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88" title="دایمیو – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دایمیو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimio" title="Daimio – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Daimio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimyo" title="Daimyo – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Daimyo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimyo" title="Daimyo – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Daimyo" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95" title="דאימיו – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דאימיו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B" title="दाईम्यो – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दाईम्यो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimy%C5%8D" title="Daimyō – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Daimyō" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimj%C3%B3" title="Daimjó – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Daimjó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimy%C5%8D" title="Daimyō – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daimyō" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimy%C5%8D" title="Daimyō – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Daimyō" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D" title="大名 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="大名" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimyo" title="Daimyo – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Daimyo" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Дайме – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дайме" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%B4%EB%AC%98" title="다이묘 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="다이묘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimyo" title="Daimyo – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Daimyo" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimyo" title="Daimyo – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Daimyo" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimjo" title="Daimjo – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Daimjo" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimy%C5%8D" title="Daimyō – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Daimyō" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%98%D0%BE" title="Даимјо – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Даимјо" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B" title="दाईम्यो – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="दाईम्यो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimyo" title="Daimyo – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Daimyo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimyo" title="Daimyo – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Daimyo" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimy%C5%8D" title="Daimyō – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Daimyō" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimio" title="Daimio – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Daimio" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimy%C5%8D" title="Daimyō – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Daimyō" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimi%C3%B4" title="Daimiô – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Daimiô" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimyo" title="Daimyo – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Daimyo" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%91" title="Даймё – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Даймё" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimy%C5%8D" title="Daimyō – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Daimyō" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimyo" title="Daimyo – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Daimyo" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimyo" title="Daimyo – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Daimyo" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimj%C3%B3" title="Daimjó – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Daimjó" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimjo" title="Daimjo – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Daimjo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimy%C5%8D" title="Daimyō – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Daimyō" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%98%D0%BE" title="Даимјо – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Даимјо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimyo" title="Daimyo – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Daimyo" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimyo" title="Daimyo – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Daimyo" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B" title="டைமியோ – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டைமியோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7" title="ไดเมียว – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไดเมียว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimyo" title="Daimyo – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Daimyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimyo" title="Daimyo – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Daimyo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%8C%D0%BE" title="Даймьо – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Даймьо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88" title="ڈیمیو – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ڈیمیو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daymyo" title="Daymyo – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Daymyo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimy%C5%8D" title="Daimyō – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Daimyō" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D" title="大名 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="大名" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D" title="大名 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="大名" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimy%C3%B4" title="Daimyô – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Daimyô" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D" title="大名 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="大名" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q61982#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D_(%E7%A8%B1%E8%AC%82)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="大名 (稱謂)">大名 (稱謂)</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>此條目介紹的是<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>古代<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%81%E5%BB%BA%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="封建制度 (日本)（页面不存在）">封建</a>領主的稱謂。关于「大名」一詞的其他用法，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D" class="mw-disambig" title="大名">大名</a></b>」。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and 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td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard plainlist" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #B0C4DE; border-bottom: 1px solid border-top:1px solid; table-layout:fixed;;">日語寫法</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">日語原文</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><span lang="ja">大名</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="注音假名">假名</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><span lang="ja">だいみょう</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%96%87%E5%BC%8F%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%97" title="平文式罗马字">平文式罗马字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><span lang="ja-Latn" title="日语转写" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Daimyō</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>大名</b>（日语：<span title="漢字或假名表記（原文）"><span lang="ja"><span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/a7\/Ja-daimyo.ogg\/Ja-daimyo.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u5927\u540d"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"zh","wikibase":"","file":"Ja-daimyo.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/Ja-daimyo.ogg/Ja-daimyo.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="播放音频" title="播放音频" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">大名</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ja-daimyo.ogg" title="File:Ja-daimyo.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></span></span><small>／</small><span title="平假名表記"><span lang="ja">だいみょう</span></span><sup> <span title="羅馬字表記" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none" lang="ja-Latn">Daimyō</span></sup>）是<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%81%E5%BB%BA%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="封建制度 (日本)（页面不存在）">封建時代</a>對一個較大地域<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%98%E4%B8%BB" title="領主">領主</a>的稱呼，由<b>名主</b>一詞轉變而來。 </p><p>日本建立統一的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="國家">國家</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%9D%E5%8A%9B%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="武裝力量">武裝力量</a>以前，土地或<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%84%E5%9B%AD" title="庄园">莊園</a>的領主為了保護自家產業，大多擁有自己的武力，以<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%A3%AB_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="武士 (日本)">武士</a>為骨幹。<b>名主</b>（<span lang="ja">なぬし</span>）是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="東日本">東日本</a>土地或莊園的領主，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="西日本">西日本</a>則稱為<b>庄屋</b>（<span lang="ja">しょうや</span>），东北及北陆地区則稱為<b>肝煎</b>（<span lang="ja">きもいり</span>）。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>武力較強、領地達到十數村、甚至管轄一整個<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A4%E5%88%B6%E5%9C%8B" title="令制國">令制國</a>的領主就是<b>大名主</b>（或大庄屋、大肝煎），簡稱「大名」；有些勢力範圍廣達數個令制國的大名又被稱做<b>大大名</b>，否則即為<b>小名</b>；全部大小領主可以合稱為<b>大小名</b>。 </p><p>日本各時代對大名的資格定義不盡相同：平安末、鎌倉時代是指眾多「名田」 (みょうでん) 所有之「大名主」 (だいみょうしゅ)；鎌倉時代為大領主「家の子」、「郎等」(ろうどう) 及底下有力武士；戰國時代為諸國支配之<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D" title="戰國大名">戰國大名</a>；江戶時代為將軍直屬1萬石以上的武家及親藩、譜代、外様以及國持、准國持、城主、城主格的武家。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="發音演變"><span id=".E7.99.BC.E9.9F.B3.E6.BC.94.E8.AE.8A"></span>發音演變</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D_(%E7%A7%B0%E8%B0%93)&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：發音演變"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>室町時代<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9E%E4%B9%A6" title="辞书">辭書</a>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AF%80%E7%94%A8%E9%9B%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="節用集（页面不存在）">節用集</a>》收錄了「<span lang="ja">たいめい</span>」（Taimei）與「<span lang="ja">だいみょう</span>」（Daimyou）兩種發音，前者所指的是守護、大領主之意，而後者是指有錢人。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%8B_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" class="mw-redirect" title="戰國 (日本)">日本戰國時代</a>，對大領主仍以「<span lang="ja">たいめい</span>」稱呼較多。17世紀初期，《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%91%A1%E8%BE%AD%E6%9B%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日葡辭書（页面不存在）">日葡辭書</a>》依舊收錄了兩種唸法，不過在語義上已無明確區別，兩者都是大領主的意思；直到經過<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="江戶時代">江戶時代</a>，才統一以「<span lang="ja">だいみょう</span>」稱呼大領主。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D_(%E7%A7%B0%E8%B0%93)&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="室町時代"><span id=".E5.AE.A4.E7.94.BA.E6.99.82.E4.BB.A3"></span>室町時代</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D_(%E7%A7%B0%E8%B0%93)&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：室町時代"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E7%94%BA%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="室町時代">室町時代</a>，大名是由<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C" title="幕府">幕府</a>任命，又稱為「守護大名」。他們在經濟上掌控一個到數個<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="分國">分國</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%84%E5%9B%AD" title="庄园">莊園</a>與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E9%A0%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公領（页面不存在）">公領</a>，以擴大守護領國的勢力。對於地方<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%A3%AB_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="武士 (日本)">武士</a>（「<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E7%9C%BE" title="國人眾">國人</a>」），大名對他們支配能力則有限。大名掌握領地過大時，會任命家臣為「<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%88%E8%AD%B7%E4%BB%A3" title="守護代">守護代</a>」協助掌管部份分國。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="戰國時代"><span id=".E6.88.B0.E5.9C.8B.E6.99.82.E4.BB.A3"></span>戰國時代</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D_(%E7%A7%B0%E8%B0%93)&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：戰國時代"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D" title="戰國大名">戰國大名</a></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%8B%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="日本戰國時代">戰國時代</a>，無須幕府任命，只要支配數郡到數國勢力，能穩固支配國人者，且為城主格以上，就是戰國大名，御家人出身的則為守護大名。戰國時代的大名一般被稱為「戰國大名」，出身背景以<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%88%E8%AD%B7" title="守護">守護</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%88%E8%AD%B7%E4%BB%A3" title="守護代">守護代</a>、國人和平民四種為主。 </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oda_Nobunaga_statue_in_Kiyosu_park.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="戰國三英傑之一的織田信長"><img alt="戰國三英傑之一的織田信長" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Oda_Nobunaga_statue_in_Kiyosu_park.jpg/120px-Oda_Nobunaga_statue_in_Kiyosu_park.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Oda_Nobunaga_statue_in_Kiyosu_park.jpg/180px-Oda_Nobunaga_statue_in_Kiyosu_park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Oda_Nobunaga_statue_in_Kiyosu_park.jpg/240px-Oda_Nobunaga_statue_in_Kiyosu_park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">戰國三英傑之一的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%94%E7%94%B0%E4%BF%A1%E9%95%B7" title="織田信長">織田信長</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Toyotomi_hideyoshi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="戰國三英傑之一的豐臣秀吉"><img alt="戰國三英傑之一的豐臣秀吉" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Toyotomi_hideyoshi.jpg/120px-Toyotomi_hideyoshi.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Toyotomi_hideyoshi.jpg/180px-Toyotomi_hideyoshi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Toyotomi_hideyoshi.jpg/240px-Toyotomi_hideyoshi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="914" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">戰國三英傑之一的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%90%E8%87%A3%E7%A7%80%E5%90%89" class="mw-redirect" title="豐臣秀吉">豐臣秀吉</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="江戶時代"><span id=".E6.B1.9F.E6.88.B6.E6.99.82.E4.BB.A3"></span>江戶時代</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D_(%E7%A7%B0%E8%B0%93)&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：江戶時代"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A9_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="藩 (日本)">藩 (日本)</a></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="江戶時代">江戶時代</a>，初期的武家諸法度規範「5萬石以上石高的城主為大名」「5萬石未滿陣屋領主為小名」，將軍直屬知行一<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC" title="萬">萬</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E9%AB%98" title="石高">石</a>以上者便稱為大名；當時全日本有超過270家大名，在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="江戶幕府">江戶幕府</a>的統治體制下分為親藩、譜代、外樣三類。吉井藩（上野）的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%B7%B9%E5%8F%B8%E6%9D%BE%E5%B9%B3%E5%B7%A6%E5%85%B5%E8%A1%9B%E7%9D%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鷹司松平左兵衛督（页面不存在）">鷹司松平左兵衛督</a>領有表高一萬石，轄六個村，石高僅1,878石，是已知大名中石高最低的大名，石高最高的為金沢藩（加賀）的松平加賀宰相(前田家)的1,336,093石，轄2,363個村。表高最低的大名是成羽藩（備後）山崎志摩守和田原本藩（大和）平野遠江守，表高都只有五千石。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="親藩大名"><span id=".E8.A6.AA.E8.97.A9.E5.A4.A7.E5.90.8D"></span>親藩大名</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D_(%E7%A7%B0%E8%B0%93)&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：親藩大名"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AizuWakamatsuKatamori.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/AizuWakamatsuKatamori.jpg/250px-AizuWakamatsuKatamori.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/AizuWakamatsuKatamori.jpg/375px-AizuWakamatsuKatamori.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/AizuWakamatsuKatamori.jpg/500px-AizuWakamatsuKatamori.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%B9%E4%BF%9D" title="松平容保">松平容保</a>大名參拜圖</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E8%97%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D" title="親藩大名">親藩大名</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E8%97%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D" title="親藩大名">親藩大名</a>是與德川家有血緣關係的藩領，在這之中有著<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A1%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%B6" title="御三家">御三家</a>之稱的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BE%E5%BC%B5%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%AE%B6" title="尾張德川家">尾張</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%AE%B6" title="紀伊德川家">紀伊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%88%B6%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%AE%B6" title="水戶德川家">水戶</a>藩最為重要。<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A1%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%B6" title="御三家">御三家</a>制度由<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%B7" title="德川家康">德川家康</a>所创，其义在于当将军家没有后继者之时，以水户家作为大名继承人产生的监督，而继承人则在紀伊、尾张两家产生。在初代将军德川家康生前创设御三家之后，第8代将军<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%90%89%E5%AE%97" title="德川吉宗">德川吉宗</a>时又让自己的次子德川宗武创设了田安家、四子德川宗尹则创设了一桥家，之后的第9代将军德川家重又让次子德川重好成立清水家，此后即确立了<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A1%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%BF" title="御三卿">御三卿</a>的体制，其家格仅次于御三家。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="譜代大名"><span id=".E8.AD.9C.E4.BB.A3.E5.A4.A7.E5.90.8D"></span>譜代大名</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D_(%E7%A7%B0%E8%B0%93)&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：譜代大名"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%9C%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D" title="譜代大名">譜代大名</a></div> <p>即世襲的大名世家，是指在1600年的<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E5%8E%9F%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" title="關原之戰">關原之戰</a>以前一直追隨德川家康的大將。<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%9C%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D" title="譜代大名">譜代大名</a>地位僅次於<a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%AA%E8%97%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D" title="親藩大名">親藩大名</a>，大多位居幕府要職，在社會上有一定的地位、有權力，俸祿卻很少，如<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%A4%9A%E6%AD%A3%E4%BF%A1" title="本多正信">本多正信</a>、大久保忠鄰等。德川家康設計幕政必須完全由親藩和譜代大名參與，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%A8%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D" title="外樣大名">外樣大名</a>不得參與。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="外樣大名"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E6.A8.A3.E5.A4.A7.E5.90.8D"></span>外樣大名</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D_(%E7%A7%B0%E8%B0%93)&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：外樣大名"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%A8%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D" title="外樣大名">外樣大名</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%A8%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D" title="外樣大名">外樣大名</a>則是在<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E5%8E%9F%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" title="關原之戰">關原之戰</a>被迫臣服的大名，他們有的擁有雄厚實力，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E8%B3%80%E8%97%A9" title="加賀藩">加賀藩</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E7%94%B0%E5%88%A9%E9%95%B7" title="前田利長">前田利長</a>有一百二十萬石領地、<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E6%91%A9%E8%97%A9" title="薩摩藩">薩摩藩</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%B6%E6%B4%A5%E5%BF%A0%E6%81%86" class="mw-redirect" title="島津忠恆">島津忠恆</a>有七十七萬石領地、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%99%E5%8F%B0%E8%97%A9" title="仙台藩">仙台藩</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E9%81%94%E6%94%BF%E5%AE%97" title="伊達政宗">伊達政宗</a>有六十二萬五千石領地，三者皆外樣大名而又是<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%84%E8%97%A9" title="雄藩">全國領地最多的諸侯</a>，不過，卻沒有親藩或譜代大名的權力，又常被幕府監控，即使有心要反抗德川家，也無法成事。因為外樣大名的領土多在偏僻的外邊，在鎖國時期反而最容易跟外國勢力結合，成為倒幕的主要動力。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註腳"><span id=".E8.A8.BB.E8.85.B3"></span>註腳</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D_(%E7%A7%B0%E8%B0%93)&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：註腳"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">三訂版,世界大百科事典内言及, 百科事典マイペディア,ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典,日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ),デジタル大辞泉,防府市歴史用語集,旺文社日本史事典. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220509082811/https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%BA%84%E5%B1%8B-79923">庄屋とは</a>. コトバンク. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-02-28</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%BA%84%E5%B1%8B-79923">原始内容</a>存档于2022-05-09） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">（日语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D+%28%E7%A7%B0%E8%B0%93%29&rft.atitle=%E5%BA%84%E5%B1%8B%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF&rft.aufirst=%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E4%BA%8B%E5%85%B8%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%83%9A%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%2C%E3%83%96%E3%83%AA%E3%82%BF%E3%83%8B%E3%82%AB%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E4%BA%8B%E5%85%B8+%E5%B0%8F%E9%A0%85%E7%9B%AE%E4%BA%8B%E5%85%B8%2C%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8%28%E3%83%8B%E3%83%83%E3%83%9D%E3%83%8B%E3%82%AB%29%2C%E3%83%87%E3%82%B8%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E5%A4%A7%E8%BE%9E%E6%B3%89%2C%E9%98%B2%E5%BA%9C%E5%B8%82%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E%E9%9B%86%2C%E6%97%BA%E6%96%87%E7%A4%BE%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8F%B2%E4%BA%8B%E5%85%B8&rft.aulast=%E4%B8%89%E8%A8%82%E7%89%88%2C%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E4%BA%8B%E5%85%B8%E5%86%85%E8%A8%80%E5%8F%8A&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E3%82%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotobank.jp%2Fword%2F%25E5%25BA%2584%25E5%25B1%258B-79923&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">參考：<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="日語">（日語）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://igv.dde.jp/4/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D">大名</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2017年12月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup>的涵義與說明，2007年12月1日造訪。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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