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大乘起信论 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參閲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>參閲</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參閲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">大乘起信论</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" 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hreflang="bn" data-title="মহাযান শ্রদ্ধোতপাদশাস্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwachen_des_Glaubens_im_Mahayana" title="Erwachen des Glaubens im Mahayana – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erwachen des Glaubens im Mahayana" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awakening_of_Faith_in_the_Mahayana" title="Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A0sh%C3%A8ngq%C7%90x%C3%ACnl%C3%B9n" title="Dàshèngqǐxìnlùn – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dàshèngqǐxìnlùn" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%97%E8%B5%B7%E4%BF%A1%E8%AB%96" title="大乗起信論 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="大乗起信論" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%8A%B9%EA%B8%B0%EC%8B%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="대승기신론 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대승기신론" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vekkelsen_av_mahayana-troen" title="Vekkelsen av mahayana-troen – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vekkelsen av mahayana-troen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_th%E1%BB%ABa_kh%E1%BB%9Fi_t%C3%ADn_lu%E1%BA%ADn" title="Đại thừa khởi tín luận – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đại thừa khởi tín luận" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1076715#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist nounderlines skin-invert" style="float: right; clear: both; border: 2px solid #af4630; background: #ffffe8; text-align:center;width:200px;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/120px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/180px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/240px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;">基本教義</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%B0%9B" title="四谛">四圣谛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E8%81%96%E9%81%93%E5%88%86" title="八聖道分">八正道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E5%9B%A0%E7%BC%98" title="十二因缘">十二因缘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%8A" title="蘊">五蘊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%A3%E8%B5%B7" title="緣起">緣起</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="空 (佛教)">空性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E6%9E%9C%E8%AE%BA_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="因果论 (佛教)">因果</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%AD_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="業 (佛教)">業</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E6%88%92%E5%BE%8B" title="佛教戒律">戒律</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%97%E5%A5%88%E8%80%B6" title="毗奈耶">毗奈耶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%B8%E7%BE%85" title="尸羅">尸羅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%88%92" title="五戒">五戒</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AA%E9%82%A3" title="禪那">禪那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9A%E5%A4%84" title="业处">业处</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AE%E5%9B%9E" title="轮回">轮回</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E5%AF%86" title="波羅密">波羅密</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%85%E6%A7%83" title="涅槃">涅槃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E5%A6%82_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="真如 (佛教)">真如</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%80%A7" title="佛性">佛性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%88%E4%BE%9D" title="皈依">皈依</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%9D_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="三宝 (佛教)">三寶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B3%95%E5%8D%B0" title="三法印">三法印</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%BA%A7%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%AF%86" title="上座部佛教与大乘佛教的基本共识">佛教共識宣言</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E4%BD%8D" title="果位">修行成就/果位</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B" title="佛">佛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E8%90%A8" title="菩萨">菩萨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9F%E6%94%AF%E4%BD%9B" title="辟支佛">辟支佛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%90%91%E5%9B%9B%E6%9E%9C" title="四向四果">四向四果</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BD%97%E6%B1%89" title="阿罗汉">阿罗汉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%82%A3%E5%90%AB" title="阿那含">阿那含</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%99%80%E5%90%AB" title="斯陀含">斯陀含</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%88%E9%99%80%E6%B4%B9" title="須陀洹">須陀洹</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佛教人物列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List_of_Buddhists"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="佛教人物列表(页面不存在)">人物</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Buddhists" class="extiw" title="en:List of Buddhists"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List_of_Buddhists</span></a></span>)</span></span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8A%E8%BF%A6%E7%89%9F%E5%B0%BC" title="释迦牟尼">释迦牟尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%BC%9F%E5%AD%90" title="十大弟子">十大弟子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%A6%E5%A4%9A%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%BC%E5%AD%90" title="迦多衍尼子">迦多衍尼子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%B3%B4" title="馬鳴">馬鳴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E6%A8%B9" title="龍樹">龍樹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E5%A9%86_(%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="提婆 (人名)">提婆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E8%91%97" title="无著">无著</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BA%B2" title="世亲">世亲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%BA%E9%9F%B3" title="覺音">覺音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%A0%E6%91%A9%E7%BD%97%E4%BB%80" title="鸠摩罗什">鸠摩罗什</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A7%E9%81%A0" title="慧遠">慧遠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E6%8F%90%E8%BE%BE%E6%91%A9" title="菩提达摩">菩提达摩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E9%A1%97" title="智顗">智顗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E5%A5%98" title="玄奘">玄奘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%A0%E8%83%BD" title="惠能">惠能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AE%E8%8A%B1%E7%94%9F" title="蓮花生">蓮花生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E5%96%80%E5%B7%B4" title="宗喀巴">宗喀巴</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE%E5%88%AB" title="佛教派别">宗派</a>、國家和地區</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E6%B4%BE%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="部派佛教">部派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="大乘佛教">大乘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="密宗">金剛乘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%BA%A7%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="上座部佛教">上座部</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%B9%98" title="三乘">三乘</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="大乘佛教">大乘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9F%E6%94%AF%E4%BD%9B" title="辟支佛">中乘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="小乘佛教">小乘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%9B%E4%B9%98" title="一佛乘">一佛乘</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E4%BC%A0%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="汉传佛教">漢傳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="藏傳佛教">藏傳</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="藏傳佛教史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Tibetan Buddhism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藏傳佛教史(页面不存在)">藏傳佛教史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Tibetan_Buddhism" class="extiw" title="en:History of Tibetan Buddhism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Tibetan Buddhism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="印度佛教">印度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%8D%A1%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="斯里兰卡佛教">斯里蘭卡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E7%94%B8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="緬甸佛教">緬甸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9C%8B%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="泰國佛教">泰國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="中国佛教">中國大陸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="台灣佛教">台灣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="日本佛教">日本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="新加坡佛教">新加坡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="马来西亚佛教">马来西亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9C%8B%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="蒙古國佛教">蒙古國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">歐美</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="佛教历史">歷史</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="佛教历史">佛教历史</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="佛教時間線">佛教時間線</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E9%9B%86" title="结集">结集</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="原始佛教研究">原始佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E6%9C%9F%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="初期佛教">初期佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E6%9C%AC%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="根本分裂">根本分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E6%B4%BE%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="部派佛教">部派佛教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%9C%BE%E9%83%A8" title="大眾部">大眾部</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%BA%A7%E9%83%A8" title="上座部">上座部</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%82%B2%E7%8E%8B" title="阿育王">阿育王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%BA%A7%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="上座部佛教">南傳佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="北傳佛教">北傳佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%9C%A8%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%B0%E8%90%BD" title="佛教在印度的衰落">於印度衰落</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E9%9B%A3" title="法難">法難</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="佛教现代主义">佛教现代主义</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%96%93%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="人間佛教">人間佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E4%B8%96%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="入世佛教">左翼佛教</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E7%BB%8F" title="佛经">經籍</a>舉要</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%97%8F%E7%BB%8F" title="大藏经">大藏经</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%88%A9%E4%B8%89%E8%97%8F" title="巴利三藏">巴利大藏經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%97%8F%E7%BB%8F" title="大藏经">漢文大藏經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E8%97%8F%E7%BB%8F" title="藏文大藏经">藏文大藏经</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%90%AB%E7%B6%93" title="阿含經">阿含經</a> <ul><li>南传<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E6%9F%AF%E8%80%B6" title="尼柯耶">尼柯耶</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%8F%A5%E7%B6%93" title="法句經">法句經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%88%AC%E8%8B%A5%E7%BB%8F" title="大般若经">大般若经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AC%E8%8B%A5%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E8%9C%9C%E5%A4%9A%E5%BF%83%E7%B6%93" title="般若波羅蜜多心經">心經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%89%9B%E7%B6%93" title="金剛經">金剛經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%99%E6%B3%95%E8%8E%B2%E5%8D%8E%E7%BB%8F" title="妙法莲华经">法華經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%B7%B1%E5%AF%86%E7%B6%93" title="解深密經">解深密經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E5%9A%B4%E7%B6%93" title="華嚴經">華嚴經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E6%91%A9%E8%A9%B0%E6%89%80%E8%AA%AA%E7%B6%93" title="維摩詰所說經">維摩經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%85%E6%A7%83%E7%B6%93" class="mw-disambig" title="涅槃經">涅槃經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9E%E4%BC%BD%E7%B6%93" title="楞伽經">楞伽經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%82%B2%E5%92%92" title="大悲咒">大悲咒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9E%E5%9A%B4%E7%B6%93" title="楞嚴經">楞嚴經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%86%E8%A7%89%E7%BB%8F" title="圆觉经">圆觉经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A5%E5%B8%AB%E7%90%89%E7%92%83%E5%85%89%E5%A6%82%E4%BE%86%E6%9C%AC%E9%A1%98%E5%8A%9F%E5%BE%B7%E7%B6%93" title="藥師琉璃光如來本願功德經">藥師經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%97%8F%E8%8F%A9%E8%90%A8%E6%9C%AC%E6%84%BF%E7%BB%8F" title="地藏菩萨本愿经">地藏經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%BD%8C%E9%99%80%E7%B6%93" title="阿彌陀經">阿彌陀經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E7%A5%96%E5%9D%9B%E7%BB%8F" title="六祖坛经">坛经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9C%E4%BC%BD%E5%B8%AB%E5%9C%B0%E8%AB%96" title="瑜伽師地論">瑜伽論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%99%BA%E5%BA%A6%E8%AB%96" title="大智度論">大智度論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%AF%97%E8%BE%BE%E7%A3%A8%E4%BF%B1%E8%88%8D%E8%AE%BA" title="阿毗达磨俱舍论">俱舍論</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E8%81%96%E5%9C%B0" title="佛教聖地">聖地</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%AF%BA" title="佛寺">佛寺</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E8%88%8D" title="精舍">精舍</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%A3%E5%9C%B0" title="八大圣地">八圣地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%90%8D%E5%B1%B1" title="四大佛教名山">四道場</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%97%8F%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9%E5%AF%BA%E9%99%A2" title="汉族地区佛教全国重点寺院">汉地寺院</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%A1%94%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古塔列表(页面不存在)">佛塔列表</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #ffeec2;text-align: center;">相關主題</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="佛教藝術">艺术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E4%BF%AE%E8%A1%8C%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="佛教修行制度">修学制度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="Category:佛教組織">組織</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9" title="Category:佛教人物">人物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF" title="Category:佛教模板">佛教模板</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98" title="Template:佛教主题">佛教主題</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:TheravadaBuddhism" title="Template:TheravadaBuddhism">上座部佛教</a></li> <li><a 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Buddhism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of Buddhism</span></a></span>)</span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dharma_Wheel.gif/18px-Dharma_Wheel.gif" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dharma_Wheel.gif/27px-Dharma_Wheel.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dharma_Wheel.gif/36px-Dharma_Wheel.gif 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="Portal:佛教">佛教主題</a> <a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="WikiProject:佛教">佛教专题</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="Template:佛教"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="Template talk:佛教"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:佛教"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>《<b>大乘起信论</b>》(回譯<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="梵語">梵語</a>:<span lang="sa">Mahāyāna śraddhotpāda śāstra</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>),略称《<b>起信论</b>》,是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="大乘佛教">大乘佛教</a>的一部<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%96%E8%97%8F" title="論藏">论书</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%80%A7%E5%AE%97" title="法性宗">法性宗</a>的提綱挈領之作,相傳為<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%B3%B4" title="馬鳴">馬鳴菩薩</a>依據《<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9E%E4%BC%BD%E7%B6%93" title="楞伽經">楞伽經</a>》所造<sup id="cite_ref-dcqxlys_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dcqxlys-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,依據<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%AB%A6" title="真諦">真諦</a>三藏之弟子曹毘為其所作傳記,此論為<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%AB%A6" title="真諦">真諦</a>於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E6%B8%85_(%E5%B9%B4%E8%99%9F)" title="太清 (年號)">太清</a>四年(公元550年)譯<sup id="cite_ref-ldsbj_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ldsbj-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。篇幅凡一卷,是自<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="隋朝">隋</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐</a>起對漢傳佛教影响很大的一部论著。 </p><p>自唐代開始,出現質疑,認為此論是在中國所寫作,非由馬鳴所造。學者<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9B%E6%9C%88%E4%BF%A1%E4%BA%A8" title="望月信亨">望月信亨</a>、梁啟超、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E9%99%BD%E7%AB%9F%E7%84%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="歐陽竟無">歐陽竟無</a>、呂澂等人皆主張此經是在中國創作。境野黃洋、宇井伯壽、湯用彤等人則主張是由印度傳入,在中國譯出。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="內容"><span id=".E5.85.A7.E5.AE.B9"></span>內容</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E8%B5%B7%E4%BF%A1%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节:內容"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>本論主要說明了於大乘佛教生起正信的理論,簡單扼要地概述了<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%82%E4%BE%86%E8%97%8F%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="如來藏學派">如來藏</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E8%AD%98%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="唯識學派">唯識學派</a>思想<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,體現了漢傳佛教部份宗派所推崇的即身成就見性成佛之宗旨<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>主要分為五個部份。第一部份為“因緣分”,敘述造本論的目的在於讓人們正確地瞭解大乘佛法的根本旨意,從而通過修行脫離苦惱、證得極樂;第二部份為“立義分”,確立本論的中心論點;第三部份為“解釋分”,詳細闡釋主題,為全論之重點所在;第四部份為“修行信心分”,著重指出通過修行鑒定大乘佛法的重要性;第五部份為“勸修利益分”,顯示依據本論進行修行將帶來的功德利益。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="版本"><span id=".E7.89.88.E6.9C.AC"></span>版本</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E8%B5%B7%E4%BF%A1%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节:版本"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>本論以<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D" title="南北朝">南朝</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81_(%E5%8D%97%E6%9C%9D)" title="梁 (南朝)">梁</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%AB%A6" title="真諦">真諦</a>三藏的譯本較為流行,譯於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E6%B8%85_(%E5%B9%B4%E8%99%9F)" title="太清 (年號)">太清</a>四年<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(公元550年)<sup id="cite_ref-ldsbj_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ldsbj-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,有說此真諦譯本為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%BA%E6%84%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="智愷(页面不存在)">智愷</a>執筆於<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%BF%E8%81%96" title="承聖">承聖</a>三年(公元554年)<sup id="cite_ref-dcqxlx_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dcqxlx-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,稱為梁譯;另外,唐代<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E5%8F%89%E9%9B%A3%E9%99%80" title="實叉難陀">實叉難陀</a>重譯此論<sup id="cite_ref-xydcqxlx_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xydcqxlx-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,稱唐譯。 </p><p>據說<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E5%A5%98" title="玄奘">玄奘</a>大師至印度求學時,曾經將此書自漢譯梵<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。近代<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E4%BB%81%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="楊仁山">楊仁山</a>居士曾經與英國傳教士<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%8F%90%E6%91%A9%E5%A4%AA" title="李提摩太">李提摩太</a>(<span lang="en">Richard Timothy</span>)合作將本書合譯成英文。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注疏"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E7.96.8F"></span>注疏</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E8%B5%B7%E4%BF%A1%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节:注疏"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>對本書的注疏,歷代甚多,其中以隋代<a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A7%E9%81%A0_(%E9%9A%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="慧遠 (隋)">慧遠</a>的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E8%B5%B7%E4%BF%A1%E8%AB%96%E7%BE%A9%E7%96%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大乘起信論義疏(页面不存在)">大乘起信論義疏</a>》、新羅<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9B%89" title="元曉">元曉</a>的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E8%B5%B7%E4%BF%A1%E8%AB%96%E7%96%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大乘起信論疏(页面不存在)">大乘起信論疏</a>》、唐代<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A4%E9%A6%96%E6%B3%95%E8%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="贤首法藏">賢首法藏</a>的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%B7%E4%BF%A1%E8%AB%96%E7%BE%A9%E8%A8%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="起信論義記(页面不存在)">起信論義記</a>》最為重要,三書合稱為《起信論三疏》。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="考證"><span id=".E8.80.83.E8.AD.89"></span>考證</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E8%B5%B7%E4%BF%A1%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节:考證"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>關於《大乘起信論》的著者、譯者及其是否為來自印度佛教的學說,在佛教不同宗派間和學術界內,歷來眾說紛紜、爭論不斷<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="史料記載"><span id=".E5.8F.B2.E6.96.99.E8.A8.98.E8.BC.89"></span>史料記載</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E8%B5%B7%E4%BF%A1%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节:史料記載"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="隋朝">隋朝</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E7%9A%87" class="mw-redirect" title="開皇">開皇</a>十四年<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BB%8F" title="法经">法經</a>等著《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%BE%E7%B6%93%E7%9B%AE%E9%8C%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="眾經目錄(页面不存在)">眾經目錄</a>》記載當時傳說本論為真諦譯,但是因為此論未見於真諦譯經目錄中,將它歸屬於疑惑部<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,此目錄所記載的真諦譯作除二則列為疑惑之外都記為在陳代所譯<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐朝</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E6%98%87" title="智昇">智昇</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%85%83%E9%87%8A%E6%95%99%E5%BD%95" title="开元释教录">開元釋教錄</a>》稱隋朝《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%BE%E7%B6%93%E7%9B%AE%E9%8C%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="眾經目錄(页面不存在)">眾經目錄</a>》將《大乘起信論》列入疑惑錄是錯誤的<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="隋朝">隋朝</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E7%9A%87" class="mw-redirect" title="開皇">開皇</a>十七年<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%BB%E9%95%B7%E6%88%BF_(%E9%9A%8B%E6%9C%9D)" title="費長房 (隋朝)">費長房</a>著《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%9D%E7%BA%AA" title="历代三宝纪">歷代三寶紀</a>》引述了二篇<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%AB%A6" title="真諦">真諦</a>三藏譯經目錄,分屬梁代與陳代,本論為梁代所譯,時間為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E6%B8%85_(%E5%B9%B4%E8%99%9F)" title="太清 (年號)">太清</a>四年(公元550年)<sup id="cite_ref-ldsbj_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ldsbj-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,此說為《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E5%85%A7%E5%85%B8%E9%8C%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大唐內典錄(页面不存在)">大唐內典錄</a>》及其後的譯經目錄所承襲,《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%9D%E7%BA%AA" title="历代三宝纪">歷代三寶紀</a>》提及了真諦弟子曹毘所作《真諦三藏曆傳》。唐朝<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%AE%A3" title="道宣">道宣</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%8C%E9%AB%98%E5%83%A7%E5%82%B3" title="續高僧傳">續高僧傳</a>》引述了《真諦三藏曆傳》,其記載的真諦譯經的部數及卷數,是《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%9D%E7%BA%AA" title="历代三宝纪">歷代三寶紀</a>》所引二篇目錄的總和<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%B8%A3%E8%8F%A9%E8%90%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="马鸣菩萨">馬鳴菩薩</a>的禪觀法門由姚秦<a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%A9%E6%91%A9%E7%BE%85%E4%BB%80" class="mw-redirect" title="鳩摩羅什">鳩摩羅什</a>傳譯於《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%90%E7%A6%AA%E4%B8%89%E6%98%A7%E7%B6%93" title="坐禪三昧經">坐禪三昧經</a>》之中<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,作為<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%AC%E5%96%BB%E5%B8%AB" title="譬喻師">譬喻師</a>的代表人物<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,時人以馬鳴、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E6%A8%B9" title="龍樹">龍樹</a>先後並舉<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,鳩摩羅什所傳禪法甚至被稱為「宣馬鳴所述」<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。隋朝<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A8%E5%BD%B1%E6%85%A7%E9%81%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="淨影慧遠">淨影慧遠</a>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E8%B5%B7%E4%BF%A1%E8%AB%96%E7%BE%A9%E7%96%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大乘起信論義疏(页面不存在)">大乘起信論義疏</a>》記載,在《<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%AF%98%E6%9B%87%E5%BF%83%E8%AB%96" title="阿毘曇心論">心論</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%9C%E9%98%BF%E6%AF%98%E6%9B%87%E5%BF%83%E8%AB%96" title="雜阿毘曇心論">雜心論</a>》和《<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E5%AF%A6%E8%AB%96" title="成實論">成實論</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>流行之後,<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%B3%B4" title="馬鳴">馬鳴菩薩</a>依據《<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9E%E4%BC%BD%E7%B6%93" title="楞伽經">楞伽經</a>》造《大乘起信論》<sup id="cite_ref-dcqxlys_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dcqxlys-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%85%83%E9%87%8A%E6%95%99%E5%BD%95" title="开元释教录">開元釋教錄</a>》引用了《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%8C%E9%AB%98%E5%83%A7%E5%82%B3" title="續高僧傳">續高僧傳</a>》的真諦傳記,在《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%9D%E7%BA%AA" title="历代三宝纪">歷代三寶紀</a>》和《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%94%90%E5%85%A7%E5%85%B8%E9%8C%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大唐內典錄(页面不存在)">大唐內典錄</a>》的基礎上,對真諦梁、陳二代譯經目錄進行了訂正<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,並補充記載《大乘起信論》為<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%B3%B4" title="馬鳴">馬鳴</a>所造<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%9D%E7%BA%AA" title="历代三宝纪">歷代三寶紀</a>》提及慧愷在陳代於廣州筆受《<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E8%AE%BA" title="摄大乘论">攝大乘論</a>》,《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%8C%E9%AB%98%E5%83%A7%E5%82%B3" title="續高僧傳">續高僧傳</a>》有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%BA%E6%84%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="智愷(页面不存在)">智愷</a>投奔嶺南協助真諦譯經等的詳細記載<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。現在流通的真諦譯本前,有唐朝時附加的題為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%BA%E6%84%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="智愷(页面不存在)">智愷</a>所寫《大乘起信論序》<sup id="cite_ref-kysjldcqxl_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kysjldcqxl-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,記載此論為馬鳴造真諦譯,<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%BA%E6%84%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="智愷(页面不存在)">智愷</a>執筆於<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%BF%E8%81%96" title="承聖">承聖</a>三年(公元554年)<sup id="cite_ref-dcqxlx_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dcqxlx-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,此說與唐朝《新譯大乘起信論序》有關記載相同<sup id="cite_ref-xydcqxlx_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xydcqxlx-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,《新譯大乘起信論序》記載當時<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%9B%B8%E5%AE%97" title="法相宗">法相宗</a>據《<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E5%94%AF%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA" title="成唯识论">成唯識論</a>》而“誹毀”《大乘起信論》<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%85%83%E9%87%8A%E6%95%99%E5%BD%95" title="开元释教录">開元釋教錄</a>》將二序所記的<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%BF%E8%81%96" title="承聖">承聖</a>三年癸酉,更正為<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%BF%E8%81%96" title="承聖">承聖</a>二年癸酉<sup id="cite_ref-kysjldcqxl_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kysjldcqxl-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。《大乘起信論序》記載的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%BA%E6%84%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="智愷(页面不存在)">智愷</a>助譯事蹟及史地要點與古說不同,現在的學術界對此序的譯經記載一般不予採信。 </p><p>唐朝<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%96%E9%82%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="靖邁(页面不存在)">靖邁</a>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E8%AD%AF%E7%B6%93%E5%9C%96%E7%B4%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古今譯經圖紀(页面不存在)">古今譯經圖紀</a>》引用了與《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%9D%E7%BA%AA" title="历代三宝纪">歷代三寶紀</a>》類似的真諦二代譯經總錄,含有《大乘起信論》,但沒有提及每部經的具體譯出時間,提到惠愷筆受,但未指明他於何時何地所受何經<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。唐朝<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%97%8F" title="法藏">法藏</a>在《古今譯經圖紀》記載上基礎上結合《大乘起信論序》等記載而自成一說<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>姚秦<a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%A9%E6%91%A9%E7%BE%85%E4%BB%80" class="mw-redirect" title="鳩摩羅什">鳩摩羅什</a>譯《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E9%B3%B4%E8%8F%A9%E8%96%A9%E5%82%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬鳴菩薩傳(页面不存在)">馬鳴菩薩傳</a>》和元魏<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%89%E8%BF%A6%E5%A4%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="吉迦夜(页面不存在)">吉迦夜</a>譯《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%98%E6%B3%95%E8%97%8F%E5%9B%A0%E7%B7%A3%E5%82%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="付法藏因緣傳(页面不存在)">付法藏因緣傳</a>》屬<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E5%88%86%E6%95%99" title="十二分教">譬喻因緣</a>部類,不提及馬鳴之著述,這也引發後世懷疑,《大乘起信论》並不是由<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%B3%B4" title="馬鳴">馬鳴</a>所造。唐代均正著《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9B%E8%AB%96%E7%8E%84%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="四論玄義(页面不存在)">四論玄義</a>》,其中認為此論是由<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%AB%96%E5%B8%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="地論師">地論師</a>所造,非由馬鳴所造<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。晚唐新羅<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%8D%E5%B5%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="珍嵩(页面不存在)">珍嵩</a>稱《大乘起信論》依據《<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%B8%E5%89%8E%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="漸剎經">漸刹經</a>》而造<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中國撰述說"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.9C.8B.E6.92.B0.E8.BF.B0.E8.AA.AA"></span>中國撰述說</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E8%B5%B7%E4%BF%A1%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节:中國撰述說"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>日本學者中,最早提出質疑的是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%9F%E6%A9%8B%E6%B0%B4%E5%93%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="舟橋水哉(页面不存在)">舟橋水哉</a>,他在1906年著《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%B1%E8%88%8D%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="俱舍哲學(页面不存在)">俱舍哲學</a>》中提出《大乘起信論》為中國撰述<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9B%E6%9C%88%E4%BF%A1%E4%BA%A8" title="望月信亨">望月信亨</a>費時25年以上研究《大乘起信論》,他綜合既往論文於1922年出版《大乘起信論之研究》,提出《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%9D%E7%BA%AA" title="历代三宝纪">歷代三寶紀</a>》的記述純屬杜撰<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,《法經錄》所載則表示卓越的見識<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,本論依據了偽妄的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E5%AF%9F%E5%96%84%E6%83%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%A0%B1%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="占察善惡業報經">占察善惡業報經</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,撰述者屬<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%AB%96%E5%AE%97" title="地論宗">地論宗</a>相州南道派,由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%87%E9%81%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="曇遵(页面不存在)">曇遵</a>口述<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%87%E9%81%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="曇遷(页面不存在)">曇遷</a>筆錄而成 <sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%91%E4%B8%8A%E5%B0%88%E7%B2%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="村上專精(页面不存在)">村上專精</a>也發表論文認為,撰述者屬於<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%9D%E8%AB%96%E5%AE%97" title="攝論宗">攝論宗</a>,可能是<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%96%87%E5%B8%9D" title="隋文帝">隋文帝</a>在京師召見過的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E6%B1%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="九江">九江</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E5%B0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="道尼(页面不存在)">道尼</a>之類的人物<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,這些見解在日本興起對《大乘起信論》作者的討論<sup id="cite_ref-rblz_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rblz-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。認定此論是在漢地寫成的中國學者,有<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E5%95%9F%E8%B6%85" class="mw-redirect" title="梁啟超">梁啟超</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E9%99%BD%E7%AB%9F%E7%84%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="歐陽竟無">歐陽竟無</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E6%BE%82" title="呂澂">呂澂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E9%A0%86" class="mw-redirect" title="印順">印順</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%8E" title="方東美">方東美</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E6%8C%AF%E8%BE%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高振農(页面不存在)">高振農</a>等。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E6%BE%82" title="呂澂">呂澂</a>根據《<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9E%E4%BC%BD%E7%B6%93" title="楞伽經">楞伽經</a>》魏譯本與劉宋譯、唐譯二本之間,有些地方存在由於根本教理分歧而導致的明顯差異,認為這是出自<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E6%8F%90%E6%B5%81%E6%94%AF" title="菩提流支">菩提流支</a>的誤解<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,而《大乘起信論》於此等處完全同於魏譯本,可斷定《大乘起信論》是根據魏譯《楞伽經》而寫作,因而此論是在中國寫成,並推測其可能出自修習“<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%80%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%89%E6%98%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="一行三昧(页面不存在)">一行三昧</a>”的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AA%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="禪宗">禪宗</a>四祖<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E4%BF%A1" title="道信">道信</a>宗門之中<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E9%A0%86" class="mw-redirect" title="印順">印順</a>法師認為,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98%E8%AB%96" title="一意識論">一意識論</a>透過<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%AB%A6" title="真諦">真諦</a>傳入中國,影響了《大乘起信論》,本論立心、意、意識三分,其中的意又分為:業識、轉識、現識、智識、相續識,這與《<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9C%E4%BC%BD%E5%B8%AB%E5%9C%B0%E8%AB%96" title="瑜伽師地論">瑜伽師地論</a>·本地分》的五心說可能有對應關係,並與《<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E8%84%AB%E9%81%93%E8%AB%96" title="解脫道論">解脫道論</a>》的九心輪等可能也有著類似含義<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。最早傳譯“一行三昧”的是<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B6%E5%8D%97" title="扶南">扶南</a>三藏<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E9%99%80%E7%BD%97%E4%BB%99" title="曼陀罗仙">曼陀羅仙</a>,通過對扶南相關經論和<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%AB%A6" title="真諦">真諦</a>三藏所譯經論的特殊要點進行的研究,加上<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%AB%A6" title="真諦">真諦</a>有著在<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B6%E5%8D%97" title="扶南">扶南</a>遊化多年的背景,印順認為本論與玄奘新譯的唯識學的不同之處,可能是<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B6%E5%8D%97" title="扶南">扶南</a>南傳大乘佛教的特色<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%8E" title="方東美">方東美</a>認為此論是在中國寫成的偽書,雖然在思想上屬於《<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9E%E4%BC%BD%E7%B6%93" title="楞伽經">楞伽經</a>》系統範圍,但應是源自於<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%AB%A6" title="真諦">真諦</a>傳譯的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E4%B8%83%E5%8D%81%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金七十論(页面不存在)">金七十論</a>》的<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E8%AE%BA%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="数论派">數論派</a>哲學的偷天換日之作<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="印度撰述說"><span id=".E5.8D.B0.E5.BA.A6.E6.92.B0.E8.BF.B0.E8.AA.AA"></span>印度撰述說</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E8%B5%B7%E4%BF%A1%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节:印度撰述說"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>但也有很多學者持相反看法,如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%8D%E7%94%B0%E6%85%A7%E9%9B%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="前田慧雲(页面不存在)">前田慧雲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%83%E9%87%8E%E9%BB%83%E6%B4%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="境野黃洋">境野黃洋</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%BE%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%87%E4%B8%89%E9%83%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="松本文三郎(页面不存在)">松本文三郎</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%BD%E6%BA%AA%E4%BA%86%E8%AB%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羽溪了諦(页面不存在)">羽溪了諦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E7%9B%A4%E5%A4%A7%E5%AE%9A" title="常盤大定">常盤大定</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%97%E5%B1%8B%E5%8F%8B%E6%AC%A1%E9%83%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="林屋友次郎(页面不存在)">林屋友次郎</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%88%B4%E6%9C%A8%E5%AE%97%E5%BF%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鈴木宗忠(页面不存在)">鈴木宗忠</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E4%BA%95%E4%BC%AF%E5%A3%BD" title="宇井伯壽">宇井伯壽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%B7%9D%E5%BD%B0" title="平川彰">平川彰</a>,以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%AF%E7%94%A8%E5%BD%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="湯用彤">湯用彤</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%8F%94%E8%BF%A6" title="周叔迦">周叔迦</a>等人,認為沒有確切證據證明本論為中國人撰述,即便不是<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%B3%B4" title="馬鳴">馬鳴</a>造<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%AB%A6" title="真諦">真諦</a>譯,也應該維持此論由印度撰述傳入中國翻譯之隋朝古說<sup id="cite_ref-rblz_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rblz-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E4%BA%95%E4%BC%AF%E5%A3%BD" title="宇井伯壽">宇井伯壽</a>在比較真諦譯經的各種記錄後,認為此論的確是由真諦譯出,原本來自印度<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 。<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%B7%9D%E5%BD%B0" title="平川彰">平川彰</a>認為《大乘起信論》中「故」字的用法,近於梵文語法,與漢語不同,等理由支持它是由印度著作漢譯而成<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="影響"><span id=".E5.BD.B1.E9.9F.BF"></span>影響</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E8%B5%B7%E4%BF%A1%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节:影響"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>本論文字流暢、條理清晰,在論藏中較為平易近人,<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="漢傳佛教">漢傳佛教</a>中很多宗派,例如<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E5%9A%B4%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="華嚴宗">華嚴宗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%8F%B0%E5%AE%97" title="天台宗">天台宗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AA%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="禪宗">禪宗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A8%E5%9C%9F%E5%AE%97" title="淨土宗">淨土宗</a>等皆受其影響,是真常唯心論的典型論著。有學者稱,其「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%80%E5%BF%83%E9%96%8B%E4%BA%8C%E9%96%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="一心開二門(页面不存在)">一心開二門</a>」<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>的理論指出心能從超越性及現實性的兩面來生一切法,如此則較玄奘所傳譯的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%9B%B8%E5%AE%97" title="法相宗">法相宗</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9C%E4%BC%BD%E8%A1%8C%E5%94%AF%E8%AD%98%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="瑜伽行唯識學派">唯識學</a>,有著更進一步的開展,能對清淨法的根源有所交代<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="新儒家">新儒家</a>人士<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9F%E5%AE%97%E4%B8%89" title="牟宗三">牟宗三</a>,則借用了「一心開二門」的構造來說明其「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A9%E5%B1%A4%E5%AD%98%E6%9C%89%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="兩層存有論(页面不存在)">兩層存有論</a>」的概念,<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BF%83%E7%9C%9F%E5%A6%82%E9%96%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="心真如門(页面不存在)">心真如門</a>對應<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%87%AA%E8%BA%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="物自身">物自身</a>,<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BF%83%E7%94%9F%E6%BB%85%E9%96%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="心生滅門(页面不存在)">心生滅門</a>對應<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1" title="現象">現象界</a>,而二門最後還是歸於一心<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注釋"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8B"></span>注釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E8%B5%B7%E4%BF%A1%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节:注釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hubbard, Jamie (1994, 2008). <i>Original Purity and the Arising of Delusion</i>. Smith College, p.1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sophia.smith.edu/~jhubbard/publications/papers/OriginalPurity.pdf">Internet Archive</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210828165158/http://sophia.smith.edu/~jhubbard/publications/papers/OriginalPurity.pdf">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dcqxlys-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dcqxlys_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dcqxlys_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="隋朝">隋朝</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A8%E5%BD%B1%E6%85%A7%E9%81%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="淨影慧遠">淨影慧遠</a>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E8%B5%B7%E4%BF%A1%E8%AB%96%E7%BE%A9%E7%96%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大乘起信論義疏(页面不存在)">大乘起信論義疏</a>》:「七百歲後,大聖去遠。……於時有沙門釋子,號曰法勝,抄出二百五十行偈,造出四卷<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%AF%98%E6%9B%87%E5%BF%83%E8%AB%96" title="阿毘曇心論">毘曇</a>。……達磨多羅,……加二百五十行偈,抄以用造作《<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%9C%E9%98%BF%E6%AF%98%E6%9B%87%E5%BF%83%E8%AB%96" title="雜阿毘曇心論">雜心</a>》十一卷論也。又後八百九十歲後,出呵梨跋摩,……造《<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E5%AF%A6%E8%AB%96" title="成實論">成實論</a>》二十卷也。……雖三論主造論宣通,猶謂六識名相之事,非題極理。……復出馬鳴菩薩,……依《<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9E%E4%BC%BD%E7%B6%93" title="楞伽經">楞伽經</a>》,造出《起信論》一卷也。雖文略少,義無不盡。八識常住為體,修行趣入為宗。習六、七識妄故,修盡拔眾人等,執究根原。釋八、九識真故,湛然示迷,方類趣入處也。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ldsbj-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ldsbj_3-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ldsbj_3-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ldsbj_3-2"><sup><b>3.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="隋朝">隋朝</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%BB%E9%95%B7%E6%88%BF_(%E9%9A%8B%E6%9C%9D)" title="費長房 (隋朝)">費長房</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%9D%E7%BA%AA" title="历代三宝纪">歷代三寶紀</a>》:「金光明經七卷(<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%BF%E8%81%96" title="承聖">承聖</a>元年,於揚州正觀寺,及揚雄宅出,即第二譯,與梁世曇無讖所出者,四品全別,又廣壽量品後,慧寶傳蕭梁筆受),彌勒下生經一卷……仁王般若經一卷……十七地論五卷(<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E6%B8%85_(%E5%B9%B4%E8%99%9F)" title="太清 (年號)">太清</a>四年,於富春陸元哲宅,為沙門寶瓊等,二十餘名德譯),大乘起信論一卷(同四年,在陸元哲宅出),中論一卷,如實論一卷,十八部論一卷,本有今無論一卷,三世分別論一卷……金光明疏十三卷……仁王般若疏六卷……起信論疏二卷……中論疏二卷……九識義記二卷……轉法輪義記一卷……右一十六部,合四十六卷,武帝末世,至承聖年,西天竺優禪尼國,三藏法師波羅末陀,<b>梁</b>言真諦,遠聞蕭主菩薩行化,搜選名匠,軌範聖賢,懷寶本邦,來適斯土。所齎經論,樹葉梵文,凡二百四十夾,若具足翻,應得二萬餘卷,多是震旦先所未傳。屬梁季崩離,不果宣吐,遇緣所出,略記如前,後之所翻,復顯《陳錄》載序。其事多在曹毘《三藏傳》文。」<br /> 「佛阿毘曇經九卷,無上依經二卷(<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E5%AE%9A_(%E5%8D%97%E6%9C%9D%E9%99%B3)" title="永定 (南朝陳)">永定</a>二年,於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%BA%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="南康">南康</a>淨土寺出),……攝大乘論一十五卷(<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%98%89" title="天嘉">天嘉</a>四年,於<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="廣州">廣州</a>制旨寺出,<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%85%A7%E6%84%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="慧愷(页面不存在)">慧愷</a>筆受,或十二卷)……右四十八部,合二百三十二卷,周武帝世,西天竺優禪尼國,三藏法師拘那羅陀,<b>陳</b>言親依,又別云真諦。起陳氏永定元年丙子,至太建初己丑,凡十四年,既懷道遊方,隨在所便譯。並見曹毘《三藏歷傳》云:『闍梨太建元年正月十一日午時遷化,年七十一。……闍梨外國經論,並是多羅樹葉書,凡有二百四十縛,若依陳紙墨翻寫,應得二萬餘卷。今之所譯止是數縛多羅葉書,已得二百餘卷,通及梁代減三百卷。……』」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%86%E6%B5%8B" title="圆测">圓測</a>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E6%B7%B1%E5%AF%86%E7%B6%93%E7%96%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="解深密經疏(页面不存在)">解深密經疏</a>》:「彌勒宗,依《金光明》等,具立八識。然依此宗,西方諸師,有其三說。 <ul><li>一、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E6%8F%90%E7%95%99%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="菩提留支">菩提留支</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-disambig" title="唯识论">唯識論</a>》云:『立二種心:一、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%80%A7" title="法性">法性</a>心,真如為體,此即<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%9C%9F%E5%A6%82" class="mw-redirect" title="心真如">真如心</a></b>之性故,名之為心,而非能緣。二、相應心,與信貪等心所相應。』……</li> <li>二、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%AB%A6" title="真諦">真諦三藏</a>,依《決定藏論》,立九識義。……依<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%85%A7" title="安慧">安慧</a>宗,作如是說:『第九<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%91%A9%E7%BE%85%E8%AD%98" title="阿摩羅識">阿摩羅識</a>,此云無垢識,真如為體。於一真如,有其二義,一所緣境,名為真如及實際等;二能緣義,名無垢識,亦名<b>本覺</b>。』具如九識章,引《決定藏論》九識品中說。</li> <li>三、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E5%A5%98" title="玄奘">大唐三藏</a>,依《楞伽》等,及<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%A4%E6%B3%95_(%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D)" class="mw-redirect" title="护法 (人名)">護法</a>宗,唯立八識,不說第九。……准經可知,無垢識者,即是淨分第八識也。又《決定藏論》,即是《瑜伽》,彼論本無九識品也。」</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%AD%E5%B3%AF%E5%AE%97%E5%AF%86" class="mw-redirect" title="圭峯宗密">圭峯宗密</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AA%E6%BA%90%E8%AB%B8%E8%A9%AE%E9%9B%86%E9%83%BD%E5%BA%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="禪源諸詮集都序">禪源諸詮集都序</a>》:「判佛教總為三種者:一密意依性說相教,……。二密意破相顯性教,……。三顯示真心即性教,此教說,一切眾生,皆有空寂真心,無始本來,性自清淨,明明不昧,了了常知,盡未來際,常住不滅,名為佛性,亦名如來藏,亦名心地。……如是開示,靈知之心,即是真性,與佛無異,故顯示真心即性教也。《華嚴》、《密嚴》、《圓覺》、《佛頂》、《勝鬘》、《如來藏》、《法華》、《涅槃》等四十餘部經,《寶性》、《佛性》、《起信》、《十地》、《法界》、《涅槃》等十五部論,雖或頓或漸不同,據所顯法體,皆屬此教,全同禪門第三直顯心性之宗。既<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%B3%B4" title="馬鳴">馬鳴</a>標心為本源,<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="文殊">文殊</a>揀知為真體;如何破相之黨,但云寂滅,不許真知;說相之家,執凡異聖,不許即佛。……」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> 《<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="梁書">梁書</a>·元帝本紀》:「<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AE%9D_(%E5%8D%97%E6%A2%81)" title="大宝 (南梁)">大寶</a>元年,<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E5%85%83%E5%B8%9D" title="梁元帝">世祖</a>猶稱<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E6%B8%85_(%E5%B9%B4%E8%99%9F)" title="太清 (年號)">太清</a>四年。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dcqxlx-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dcqxlx_7-0"><sup><b>7.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dcqxlx_7-1"><sup><b>7.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%BA%E6%84%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="智愷(页面不存在)">智愷</a>《大乘起信論序》:「故於如來滅後六百餘年,……時有一高德沙門,名曰馬鳴,……故作斯論,……自昔已來久蘊西域,無傳東夏者。良以宣譯有時,故前梁武皇帝,遣聘中天竺<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%8F%AD%E9%99%80%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="摩揭陀国">摩伽陀國</a>取經,并諸法師,遇值三藏拘蘭難陀,譯名真諦,……時彼國王,應即移遣,法師苦辭不免,便就汎舟,與瞿曇及多侍從,并送蘇合佛像來朝。而至未旬,便值侯景侵擾,法師秀採擁流,含珠未吐,慧日暫停,而欲還反,遂囑值京邑英賢,慧顯、智韶、智愷、曇振、慧旻,與假黃鉞大將軍太保<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A7%E5%8B%83" title="萧勃">蕭公勃</a>,以大梁<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%BF%E8%81%96" title="承聖">承聖</a>三年歲次<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%B8%E9%85%89" title="癸酉">癸酉</a>九月十日,於<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A1%E5%B7%9E" title="衡州">衡州</a>始興郡建興寺,敬請法師,敷演大乘,闡揚祕典,示導迷徒,遂翻譯斯論一卷,以明論旨,玄文二十卷,《大品》玄文四卷,《十二因緣經》兩卷,《九識義章》兩卷。傳語人天竺國月支首那等,執筆人智愷等,首尾二年方訖。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xydcqxlx-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-xydcqxlx_8-0"><sup><b>8.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-xydcqxlx_8-1"><sup><b>8.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> 《新譯大乘起信論序》:「此論東傳,總經二譯。初本即西印度三藏法師波羅末陀,此云真諦,以<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E6%AD%A6%E5%B8%9D" title="梁武帝">梁武帝</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%BF%E8%81%96" title="承聖">承聖</a>三年歲次<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%B8%E9%85%89" title="癸酉">癸酉</a>九月十日,於衡州始興郡建興寺,共揚州沙門智愷所譯。此本即于闐國三藏法師實叉難陀,齎梵文至此,又於西京慈恩塔內,獲舊梵本,與義學沙門荊州弘景、崇福<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%97%8F" title="法藏">法藏</a>等,以大周<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%9B%86" title="聖曆">聖曆</a>三年歲次<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%B8%E4%BA%A5" title="癸亥">癸亥</a>十月壬午朔八日己丑,於授記寺,與《花嚴經》相次而譯。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%AE%A3" title="道宣">道宣</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%8C%E9%AB%98%E5%83%A7%E5%82%B3" title="續高僧傳">續高僧傳</a>·京大慈恩寺釋玄奘傳》:「又以起信一論,文出馬鳴,彼土諸僧,思承其本,奘乃譯唐為梵,通布五天。斯則法化之緣,東西互舉。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AE%E7%85%A5%E7%8F%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馮煥珍(页面不存在)">馮煥珍</a><《大乘起信論》「非佛教」嗎──關於「《起信論》非佛教」說的教理學反省>:「懷疑乃至否定《起信論》思想者古已有之,唐譯《〈起信論〉序》即云:「夫理幽則信難,道尊則魔盛。況當劫濁,尤更倍增。故使偏見之流執《<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E5%94%AF%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA" title="成唯识论">成唯識</a>》誹毀此論真妄互熏。既形於言,遂彰時聽,方等甘露,翻為毒藥。」這是指宗唯識的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E6%B3%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神泰(页面不存在)">神泰</a>(生卒年不詳)、<a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A7%E6%B2%BC" title="慧沼">慧沼</a>(650-714)等人對《起信論》所闡教理的責難,如<a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A7%E6%B2%BC" title="慧沼">慧沼</a>就說:《起信論》中,體大即真如體;相大即是無量性功德相;用即能生世出世善因果者。用大有為,行是如用,故能生一切者,此亦不爾。真如豈有作用?若有作用,同諸行故。如增上用,諸法得生,此理可爾,不為生用。<br />此後,不斷有人責難該論。降及近代,此風猶盛。先是內學院的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E9%99%BD%E7%AB%9F%E7%84%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="歐陽竟無">歐陽竟無</a>(1871-1943)、<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E6%BE%82" title="呂澂">呂澂</a>(1896-1989)、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%8B%E6%81%A9%E6%B4%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="王恩洋(页面不存在)">王恩洋</a>(生卒年不詳)等人,於上世紀二〇年代發起了一場波及教內外、歷時二十餘年的拒斥《起信論》以及受其影響的中國佛學的運動;未幾,日本的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%BE%E6%9C%AC%E5%8F%B2%E6%9C%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="松本史朗(页面不存在)">松本史朗</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A2%B4%E8%B0%B7%E6%86%B2%E6%98%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="袴谷憲昭(页面不存在)">袴谷憲昭</a>等人於上世紀八〇年代公開喊出「如來藏不是佛教」的口號,全面否定包括《起信論》在內的如來藏系的佛學思想,形成了一股引起國際佛學界關注且至今餘波未息的「批判佛教」運動;此外,當代佛教界著述最為豐富的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E9%A0%86" class="mw-redirect" title="印順">印順</a>法師,由於以中觀為究竟說而以唯識和如來藏為方便說,也對包括《起信論》在內的如來藏思想非議有加。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BB%8F" title="法经">法經</a>等《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%BE%E7%B6%93%E7%9B%AE%E9%8C%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="眾經目錄(页面不存在)">眾經目錄</a>》:「大乘起信論一卷,人云真諦譯。勘真諦錄無此論,故入疑。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> 金光明經七卷(北涼世曇無讖譯後三卷陳時真諦譯),無上依經二卷(陳世沙門真諦於<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="廣州">廣州</a>譯),廣義法門經一卷(陳世真諦於<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%8B%E5%AE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="晋安">晉安</a>佛力寺譯),解節經一卷(亦是深密經少分)(陳世真諦譯),律二十二卷(陳世沙門真諦譯),大涅槃經論一卷(陳世真諦於<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="廣州">廣州</a>譯),佛性論四卷(陳世真諦譯),中邊論三卷(陳世真諦譯),佛阿毘曇論二卷(陳世真諦譯),三無性論一卷(陳世真諦譯),如實論二卷(陳世真諦譯),反質論一卷(陳世真諦譯),墮負論一卷(陳世真諦譯),求那摩底隨相論一卷(陳世真諦譯),成就三乘論一卷(陳世真諦譯),正說道理論一卷(陳世真諦譯),寶行王正論一卷(陳世真諦譯),意業論一卷(陳世真諦譯),攝大乘釋論十二卷(陳世真諦譯),攝大乘釋論十五卷(陳世真諦於<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="廣州">廣州</a>譯),攝大乘本論三卷(陳世真諦於<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="廣州">廣州</a>譯),唯識論一卷(陳世真諦譯),大乘起信論一卷(人云真諦譯勘真諦錄無此論故入疑),立世阿毘曇論十卷(陳世真諦譯),俱舍論二十二卷(陳世真諦譯),四諦論四卷(陳世真諦譯),明了論一卷(陳世真諦譯),遺教論一卷(人云真諦譯勘真諦錄無此論故入疑),婆藪槃豆傳一卷(陳世真諦譯)。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E6%98%87" title="智昇">智昇</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%85%83%E9%87%8A%E6%95%99%E5%BD%95" title="开元释教录">開元釋教錄</a>》:「隋眾經目錄七卷(一卷總錄,別錄六卷,開皇十四年,勅翻經所法經等,二十大德撰。)……右九錄,合二千二百五十七部,五千三百一十卷。……撰錄者曰:余檢尋此錄,非無差錯。……以《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%81%E7%8E%8B%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="仁王經">仁王經</a>》、《起信論》等,編在疑錄,四誤也。不能備陳,略述如此。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%AE%A3" title="道宣">道宣</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%8C%E9%AB%98%E5%83%A7%E5%82%B3" title="續高僧傳">續高僧傳</a>》:「拘那羅陀,陳言親依,或云波羅末陀,譯云真諦。……梁武皇帝,德加四域,盛唱三寶。大同中,勅直後張氾等,送<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B6%E5%8D%97" title="扶南">扶南</a>獻使返國,仍請名德三藏、大乘諸論、雜華經等。……彼國乃屈真諦,并齎經論,恭膺帝旨。……以<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E6%B8%85_(%E5%B9%B4%E8%99%9F)" title="太清 (年號)">太清</a>二年閏八月,始屆京邑。……又往<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E6%98%A5" class="mw-disambig" title="富春">富春</a>令<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%99%B8%E5%85%83%E5%93%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="陸元哲(页面不存在)">陸元哲</a>,創奉問津,將事傳譯,招延英秀,沙門寶瓊等,二十餘人,翻《十七地論》,適得五卷。而國難未靜,側附通傳。……會<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E5%85%83%E5%B8%9D" title="梁元帝">元帝</a>啟祚,承聖清夷,乃止于金陵正觀寺,與願禪師等,二十餘人,翻《金光明經》。……逮陳武<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E5%AE%9A_(%E5%8D%97%E6%9C%9D%E9%99%B3)" title="永定 (南朝陳)">永定</a>二年七月。……遂欲汎舶,往楞伽修國,道俗虔請,結誓留之,不免物議,遂停南越。……至文帝<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%98%89" title="天嘉">天嘉</a>四年。……乃為翻《攝大乘》等論,首尾兩載,覆疎宗旨。……至三年九月,發自梁安,汎舶西引,業風賦命,飄還廣州。十二月中,上南海岸,刺史<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E9%98%B3%F0%AC%B1%9F" title="欧阳𬱟">歐陽穆公頠</a>,延住制旨寺,請翻新文。諦顧此業緣,西還無措,乃對沙門慧愷等,翻《廣義法門經》及《唯識論》等。……至<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%A4%A7_(%E5%B9%B4%E8%99%9F)" title="光大 (年號)">光太</a>二年六月,諦厭世浮雜,情弊形骸,未若佩理資神,早生勝壤,遂入南海北山,將捐身命。時<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%BA%E6%84%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="智愷(页面不存在)">智愷</a>正講《俱舍》,聞告馳往。……以<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%BB%BA" title="太建">太建</a>元年遘疾。……至正月十一日午時遷化,時年七十有一。……今總歷二代,共通數之,故始梁武之末,至陳宣即位,凡二十三載,所出經論記傳,六十四部,合二百七十八卷。微附華飾,盛顯隋唐,見曹毘《別歷》,及唐《貞觀內典錄》。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%83%A7%E5%8F%A1" title="僧叡">僧叡</a>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%97%9C%E4%B8%AD%E5%87%BA%E7%A6%AA%E7%B6%93%E5%BA%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="關中出禪經序(页面不存在)">關中出禪經序</a>》:「究摩羅法師,以辛丑之年十二月二十日,自姑[戊@臣]至常安,予即以其月二十六日,從受禪法。……尋蒙抄撰眾家禪要,得此三卷。初四十三偈,是<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A5%E5%8F%97" title="童受">究摩羅羅陀</a>法師所造。後二十偈,是<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%B8%A3%E8%8F%A9%E8%90%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="马鸣菩萨">馬鳴菩薩</a>之所造也。其中五門,是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A9%86%E9%A0%88%E8%9C%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="婆須蜜(页面不存在)">婆須蜜</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%83%A7%E4%BC%BD%E7%BD%97%E5%8F%89" class="mw-redirect" title="僧伽罗叉">僧伽羅叉</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%9A%E6%B3%A2%E5%B4%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="漚波崛(页面不存在)">漚波崛</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%83%A7%E4%BC%BD%E6%96%AF%E9%82%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="僧伽斯那(页面不存在)">僧伽斯那</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E4%B8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="勒比丘">勒比丘</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%B3%B4" title="馬鳴">馬鳴</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A5%E5%8F%97" title="童受">羅陀</a>禪要之中,抄集之所出也。六覺中偈,是<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%B8%A3%E8%8F%A9%E8%90%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="马鸣菩萨">馬鳴菩薩</a>修習之,以釋六覺也。初觀婬、恚、癡相,及其三門,皆<a href="/wiki/%E5%83%A7%E4%BC%BD%E7%BD%97%E5%8F%89" class="mw-redirect" title="僧伽罗叉">僧伽羅叉</a>之所撰也。息門六事,諸論師說也。」<br /> 《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%90%E7%A6%AA%E4%B8%89%E6%98%A7%E7%B6%93" title="坐禪三昧經">坐禪三昧經</a>》:「若思覺偏多,當習<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%82%A3%E8%88%AC%E9%82%A3%E5%BF%B5" title="安那般那念">阿那般那</a>三昧法門。……復次心繫在數,斷諸思諸覺。思覺者,欲思覺、恚思覺、惱思覺,親里思覺、國土思覺、不死思覺。欲求淨心入正道者,先當除却三種麁思覺,次除三種細思覺,除六覺已,當得一切清淨法。譬如採金人,先除麁石砂,然後除細石砂,次第得細金砂。問曰:云何為麁病?云何為細病?答曰:欲、瞋、惱覺,是三名麁病。親里、國土及不死覺,是三名細病。除此覺已,得一切清淨法。問曰:未得道者,結使未斷,六思覺強,從心生亂,云何能除?答曰:心厭世間,正觀能遮,而未能拔,後得無漏道,能拔結使根本。何謂正觀?……如是先除麁思覺,却後除細思覺,心清淨生,得正道,一切結使盡,從是得安隱處,是謂出家果,心得自在,三業第一清淨,不復受胎。……」<br /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8B%E6%83%A0%E6%95%8F" title="釋惠敏">釋惠敏</a>《鳩摩羅什所傳「數息觀」禪法之剖析》:「此處是說明「數息觀」可以對治(1)欲思覺、(2)恚思覺、(3)惱思覺、(4)親里思覺、(5)國土思覺、(6)不死思覺等六種思覺(vitarka,尋思)。這也是如前述僧叡於〈關中出禪經序〉中所說「六覺中偈是馬鳴菩薩修習之,以釋六覺也」(大55, 65 b2-3)。此事也為現代學者所證實。如日本<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%BE%E6%BF%A4%E8%AA%A0%E5%BB%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="松濤誠廉(页面不存在)">松濤誠廉</a>依據英國E.H.Johnston所校訂出版之The Saundarananda of Asvaghosa(馬鳴菩薩之《美難陀》詩篇梵本),將鳩摩羅什之《坐》中有關六思覺之偈頌與《美難陀》第十五章「尋思捨斷」之偈頌作了比對研究。」「從鳩摩羅什之《坐》§3.1「數法」(數息觀)對治六種「思覺」(vitarka,尋思)的偈頌與馬鳴菩薩《美難陀》XV之比對研究中知道:鳩摩羅什之《坐》有關六思覺之偈頌,並非完全引用自馬鳴菩薩的《美難陀》第十五章「尋思捨斷」之全部偈頌,而是部分的節錄,有時也稍稍變換原有順序,有些部分或許是引用馬鳴菩薩《美難陀》以外的作品。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B6%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="北涼">北涼</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AE%E9%99%80%E8%B7%8B%E6%91%A9" title="浮陀跋摩">浮陀跋摩</a>譯《<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%AF%98%E6%9B%87%E6%AF%98%E5%A9%86%E6%B2%99%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="阿毘曇毘婆沙論">阿毘曇毘婆沙論</a>》:「云何為覺?云何為觀?乃至廣說。問曰:何故作此論?答曰:……復次,<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%AC%E5%96%BB%E5%B8%AB" title="譬喻師">譬喻者</a>作如是說:說覺、觀是心之異名。為止如是說者意,亦明覺、觀是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E6%89%80" title="心所">心數</a>法故,而作此論。」<br /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%83%A7%E5%8F%A1" title="僧叡">僧叡</a>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%97%9C%E4%B8%AD%E5%87%BA%E7%A6%AA%E7%B6%93%E5%BA%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="關中出禪經序(页面不存在)">關中出禪經序</a>》:「六覺中偈,是<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%B8%A3%E8%8F%A9%E8%90%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="马鸣菩萨">馬鳴菩薩</a>修習之,以釋六覺也。……夫馳心縱想,則情愈滯,而惑愈深;繫意念明,則澄鑒朗照,而造極彌密。心如水火,擁之聚之,則其用彌全;決之散之,則其勢彌薄。故論云:質微則勢重,質重則勢微;如地質重故,勢不如水;水性重故,力不如火;火不如風,風不如心;<b>心無形</b>故,<b>力無上</b>,神通變化,八不思議,心之力也。心力既全,乃能轉昏入明,明雖愈於不明,而明未全也;明全在于忘照,照忘然後無明、非明;無明、非明,爾乃幾乎息矣;幾乎息矣,慧之功也。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> 《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%8B%91%E7%8F%A0%E6%9E%97" title="法苑珠林">法苑珠林</a>》:「《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E9%B3%B4%E8%8F%A9%E8%96%A9%E5%82%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬鳴菩薩傳(页面不存在)">馬鳴菩薩傳</a>》云:……坐則文宣佛法,游則闡揚道化,作莊嚴佛法諸論,百有萬言,大行天竺,舉世推宗。……其後<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E6%A8%B9" title="龍樹">龍樹</a>,染翰之初,著論之始,未嘗不稽首馬鳴,作自歸之偈,謙譏憑其冥照,以自寤焉。今天竺諸王勢士,皆為之立廟,宗之若佛。」<br /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%83%A7%E5%8F%A1" title="僧叡">僧叡</a>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%99%BA%E9%87%8B%E8%AB%96%E5%BA%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大智釋論序(页面不存在)">大智釋論序</a>》:「是以馬鳴起於<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E6%B3%95" class="mw-disambig" title="正法">正法</a>之餘,<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E6%A8%B9" title="龍樹">龍樹</a>生於<a href="/wiki/%E5%83%8F%E6%B3%95" title="像法">像法</a>之末。正餘易弘,故直振其遺風,瑩拂而已。像末多端,故乃寄跡凡夫,示悟物以漸。」<br /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E8%97%8F" title="吉藏">吉藏</a>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E8%A7%80%E8%AB%96%E7%96%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中觀論疏(页面不存在)">中觀論疏</a>》:「問:龍樹於像法中何時出耶?答:<a href="/wiki/%E5%83%A7%E5%8F%A1" title="僧叡">睿</a>師《成實論序》述<a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%A9%E6%91%A9%E7%BE%85%E4%BB%80" class="mw-redirect" title="鳩摩羅什">羅什</a>語云:『馬鳴是三百五十年出,龍樹是五百三十年出。』」<br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%87%E5%BB%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="曇延(页面不存在)">曇延</a>《大乘起信論義疏》:「所以須皈敬者,但馬鳴菩薩。迹居學地,若不蒙三寶與力,則甚深秘藏,無以可宣,故須皈敬;既蒙聖力加被,方可能說。……『馬鳴大聖!亡己性命,請承與力也!』」<br /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%AE%A3" title="道宣">道宣</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%8C%E9%AB%98%E5%83%A7%E5%82%B3" title="續高僧傳">續高僧傳</a>》:「釋曇延,……延幽居靜,志欲著《涅槃》大疏,恐有滯凡情,每祈誠寤寐。夜夢有人,被於白服,乘於白馬,騣尾拂地,而談授經旨,延手執馬騣,與之清論。覺後惟曰:『此必馬鳴大士,授我義端,執騣知其宗旨,語事則可知矣。』」<br /> <a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%89%9B%E6%99%BA" title="金剛智">金剛智</a>《馬鳴菩薩大神力無比驗法念誦軌儀》:「畫作菩薩像,色相白肉色,而合掌坐白蓮華,乘白馬,著白色衣。以瓔珞莊嚴身,首戴花冠,垂右足,畫像了泥壇。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A7%E9%81%A0" title="慧遠">慧遠</a>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%AC%E5%B1%B1%E5%87%BA%E4%BF%AE%E8%A1%8C%E6%96%B9%E4%BE%BF%E7%A6%AA%E7%B6%93%E7%B5%B1%E5%BA%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="廬山出修行方便禪經統序(页面不存在)">廬山出修行方便禪經統序</a>》:「每慨大教東流,禪數尤寡,三業無統,斯道殆廢。頃鳩摩耆婆,宣馬鳴所述,乃有此業。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%B6%E6%A2%A8%E8%B7%8B%E6%91%A9" title="訶梨跋摩">訶梨跋摩</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E5%AF%A6%E8%AB%96" title="成實論">成實論</a>》:「如<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%B8%A3%E8%8F%A9%E8%90%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="马鸣菩萨">馬鳴菩薩</a>說偈:『如現在火熱,去來火亦熱。現在五陰苦,去來陰亦苦。』」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E6%98%87" title="智昇">智昇</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%85%83%E9%87%8A%E6%95%99%E5%BD%95" title="开元释教录">開元釋教錄</a>》:「諦於梁代所出經論,總十一部,梁末入陳,復出經論,如後所述。」「諦從陳武永定二年戊寅,至孝宣太建元年己丑,更譯《金剛般若經》等,三十八部,微附華飾,盛顯隋唐,見曹毘《別歷》,及隋《費長房錄》,唐《內典錄》等。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E6%98%87" title="智昇">智昇</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%85%83%E9%87%8A%E6%95%99%E5%BD%95" title="开元释教录">開元釋教錄</a>》:「大乘起信論一卷(馬鳴菩薩造),梁天竺三藏真諦譯(第一譯)。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%AE%A3" title="道宣">道宣</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%8C%E9%AB%98%E5%83%A7%E5%82%B3" title="續高僧傳">續高僧傳</a>》:「智愷,俗姓曹氏,住楊都寺。初與法泰等,前後異發,同往嶺表,奉祈真諦。愷素積道風,詞力殷贍,乃對翻《攝論》,躬受其文。……後更對翻《俱舍論》。……愷後延諦,還<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="廣州">廣州</a>顯明寺。……至陳光大中,僧宗法准慧忍等,度嶺就諦求學,以未聞《攝論》,更為講之。……明年宗等又請愷,於智慧寺,講《俱舍論》。……以八月二十日遘疾。……端坐儼思,奄然而卒,春秋五十有一,即光大二年也,葬於廣州,西陰寺南崗。……諦有菩薩戒弟子曹毘者,愷之叔子。……太建三年,毘請建興寺僧正明勇法師,續講攝論。……及翻攝論,乃為<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="廣州">廣州</a>刺史、安南將軍、陽山公<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E9%98%B3%F0%AC%B1%9F" title="欧阳𬱟">頠</a>,請宅安居。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kysjldcqxl-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kysjldcqxl_23-0"><sup><b>23.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kysjldcqxl_23-1"><sup><b>23.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E6%98%87" title="智昇">智昇</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%85%83%E9%87%8A%E6%95%99%E5%BD%95" title="开元释教录">開元釋教錄</a>》:「大乘起信論一卷(初出,與唐實叉難陀出者同本,<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%BF%E8%81%96" title="承聖">承聖</a>二年癸酉九月十日,於衡州始興郡建興寺出,月婆首那等傳語,沙門智愷等執筆并製序,見《論序》)。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐朝</a>《新譯大乘起信論序》:「夫理幽則信難,道尊則魔盛,況當劫濁,尤更倍增。故使偏見之流,執《成唯識》,誹毀此論:真妄互熏。既形於言,遂彰時聽,方等甘露,翻為毒藥。……聖教明白,何所致疑,良由滯相而乖真,尋末而棄本,言越規矩,動成戲論,自貽聖責,深可悲哉。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%96%E9%82%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="靖邁(页面不存在)">靖邁</a>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E8%AD%AF%E7%B6%93%E5%9C%96%E7%B4%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古今譯經圖紀(页面不存在)">古今譯經圖紀</a>》:「以梁武帝<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E6%B8%85_(%E5%B9%B4%E8%99%9F)" title="太清 (年號)">太清|泰清</a>二年歲次戊辰,現帝於寶雲殿,帝勅譯經。即以泰清二年譯,<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%BF%E8%81%96" title="承聖">承聖</a>三年歲次甲戌,於正觀寺譯:金光明經(七卷),……仁王般若經(一卷),十七地論(五卷),大乘起信論(一卷),……總一十部,合二十卷。屬侯景紛糺,乃適豫章始興南康等,雖復栖遑,譯業無輟。即汎舶西歸,業風賦命,飄還廣州,屬廣州刺史穆國公<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E9%98%B3%F0%AC%B1%9F" title="欧阳𬱟">歐陽頠</a>,延住制旨寺,請譯經論,自陳永定元年歲次丙子,訖陳泰建元年己丑歲。……梁、陳二代,總譯五十部,合一百四十九卷,沙門<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%A0%E6%84%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="惠愷(页面不存在)">惠愷</a>筆受。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%97%8F" title="法藏">法藏</a>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E8%B5%B7%E4%BF%A1%E8%AB%96%E7%BE%A9%E8%A8%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大乘起信論義記(页面不存在)">大乘起信論義記</a>》:「帝勅譯經,即以太清二年,訖承聖三年歲次甲戌,於正觀寺等,譯《金光明經》,《彌勒下生經》,《大乘起信論》等,總一十一部,合二十卷。此論乃是其年九月十日,與京邑英賢,慧顯、智愷、曇振、慧旻等,并黃鉞大將軍大保蕭公勃等,於衡州建興寺所譯,沙門智愷筆授,月婆首那等譯語。并翻論旨玄文二十卷。……總陳梁二代,勅譯經論,四十四部,一百四十一卷。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%8D%E6%B5%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="珍海(页面不存在)">珍海</a>撰《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E8%AB%96%E7%8E%84%E7%96%8F%E6%96%87%E7%BE%A9%E8%A6%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三論玄疏文義要(页面不存在)">三論玄疏文義要</a>》:「《起信》是虜魯人作,借馬鳴菩薩名。均師《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9B%E8%AB%96%E7%8E%84%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="四論玄義(页面不存在)">四論玄</a>》第十云:『起信,有云是北土地論師造也。』<small>云云</small>而未知見非。<small>取意</small>正文云:『北諸論師云:<small>起信論</small>非馬鳴造論,昔日地論造論,借菩薩名目之。』故尋不見,翻經論目録中,無有也,未知定是不。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B2%E5%AF%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="杲寶(页面不存在)">杲寶</a>記《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%B6%E5%86%8C%E9%88%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="寶册鈔(页面不存在)">寶册鈔</a>》:「《探玄記第三私記》<small>青丘釋,珍嵩撰</small>云:『馬嗚《起信論》一卷,依《漸刹經》二卷,造此論。而道迹師目録中云此經是僞經故,依此經造《起信論》是僞論也。』」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《倶舎哲学》,舟橋水哉,京華堂,1906。<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E6%BE%82" title="呂澂">吕澂</a>《大乘起信論考證》。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E6%BE%82" title="呂澂">吕澂</a>《大乘起信論考證》:「(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%88%B4%E6%9C%A8%E5%AE%97%E5%BF%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鈴木宗忠(页面不存在)">鈴木宗忠</a>:)不用說《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%B7%E6%88%BF%E9%8C%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="長房錄(页面不存在)">長房錄</a>》在一般人的眼裡是有名的雜亂無章(其中當然也有可靠的),就看它記載真諦於梁代所譯書籍,從太清三年(五四九)到承聖三年(五五四)先後六載,譯了十六部四十六卷經論。這顯然和有關真諦的傳記如道宣的《續高僧傳》,以及真諦弟子們零碎的記載,都不符合。這些傳記,說真諦是太清二年到建業,不久就逢國難,到處流亡,在富春譯了《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83%E5%9C%B0%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="十七地論(页面不存在)">十七地論</a>》(《<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9C%E4%BC%BD%E5%B8%AB%E5%9C%B0%E8%AB%96" title="瑜伽師地論">瑜伽師地論</a>》),只得五卷,隔兩年,又應<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BE%AF%E6%99%AF%E4%B9%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="侯景之(页面不存在)">侯景之</a>招重返金陵,接著又逢兵亂,勉強譯出一部《<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%85%89%E6%98%8E%E7%B6%93" title="金光明經">金光明經</a>》七卷。據史傳的記載就只譯了一經一論而已,別種經書就未提到。從那時時局的變動情況去推測,也不會好好地去翻譯,他的譯籍如何能有十六部四十六卷之多呢?由此可見《長房錄》之難信。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E6%BE%82" title="呂澂">吕澂</a>《大乘起信論考證》:「(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%97%E5%B1%8B%E5%8F%8B%E6%AC%A1%E9%83%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="林屋友次郎(页面不存在)">林屋友次郎</a>:)至於《法經錄》以《起信》入疑惑部來說,《法經錄》本身對真諦譯經的記錄,就很不可靠。如《顯識》、《轉識》、《決定藏》、《三無性》諸論,又如《金光明經》,都是真諦所譯,已為現代學者考證確實了的,而《法經錄》內一無記載,可見不能過於相信此錄。」<br />「(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%88%B4%E6%9C%A8%E5%AE%97%E5%BF%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鈴木宗忠(页面不存在)">鈴木宗忠</a>:)第二類真諦譯否定說的史料,最主要的為《法經錄》。它記載真諦翻譯的全數只二十五部。後來《三寶記》的記載卻有六十四部之多,這並非《法經錄》有遺漏,而是它記載的態度很謹慎。它對每一種書不管是看見本子或者見著目錄,都要加一番校驗異同的功夫。所以他收錄的,大概可信。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%85%E5%81%89%E5%8B%B3" title="傅偉勳">傅偉勳</a><《大乘起信論》義理新探>:「又據日本十四世紀的杲寶所口述而由弟子賢寶增訂的《寶冊抄》(一三五〇年),新羅珍嵩在他的《探玄記私記》說道﹕「馬鳴《起信論》一卷依《漸剎經》二卷造此論。而道跡師目錄中云,此經是偽經。故依此經造《起信論》,是偽論也。」後來日本另一真言宗學僧快道猜測「漸剎」音近「占察」,《漸判經》恐係《占察經》之誤。」<br /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E6%BE%82" title="呂澂">吕澂</a>《大乘起信論考證》:「(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%97%E5%B1%8B%E5%8F%8B%E6%AC%A1%E9%83%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="林屋友次郎(页面不存在)">林屋友次郎</a>:)要說《起信》一定是從《占察》而來,因為前者結構非常整齊,後者結構非常凌亂,似乎把凌亂的《占察》整理成整齊的《起信》,很符合於經先論後之說。那麼,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9B%E6%9C%88%E4%BF%A1%E4%BA%A8" title="望月信亨">望月</a>對《占察經》的理解完全竊取明智旭《占察經疏》的說法,如按凌亂者在先整齊者在後的原則去推論,智旭之《疏》與望月文章一加比較,旭《疏》整齊而望月文章凌亂,難道好說智旭《疏》是依據望月文章寫成的嗎?所以這一點絕不能成為理由。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%85%E5%81%89%E5%8B%B3" title="傅偉勳">傅偉勳</a><《大乘起信論》義理新探>:「望月認為《大乘止觀法門》的作者應是曇遷。 他又根據日本偽作者與曇遷之間的關係,推斷《起信論》出自曇遷之師曇遵(即南道地論學派始祖慧光的門徒)的口述,而由曇遷筆錄(亦有可能包含曇遷自己的添加部分)。」<br /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E6%BE%82" title="呂澂">吕澂</a>《大乘起信論考證》:「(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%97%E5%B1%8B%E5%8F%8B%E6%AC%A1%E9%83%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="林屋友次郎(页面不存在)">林屋友次郎</a>:)至於斷定了《起信》非真諦譯,也不去研究是否別人所譯,即直接揣測到中國人撰述,並認為是曇遵口授、曇遷筆錄,這種論斷方法是極不合理的。<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9B%E6%9C%88%E4%BF%A1%E4%BA%A8" title="望月信亨">望月</a>特別注重《起信論》的翻譯問題,略加分析,疏漏百出如此,那麼,他由此得出的斷案,可說毫無價值可言了。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%82%85%E5%81%89%E5%8B%B3" title="傅偉勳">傅偉勳</a><《大乘起信論》義理新探>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rblz-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rblz_35-0"><sup><b>35.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rblz_35-1"><sup><b>35.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E6%BE%82" title="呂澂">吕澂</a>《大乘起信論考證》:「在論戰中,除望月一人外,幾乎都站在印度撰述說一邊。村上專精開頭是支持望月的,但經過幾個回合,他也鬧糊塗了,不敢堅持其說,就退出戰場。其次,關於否定真諦翻譯的一層,似乎得著多數的贊同,但在真諦外找不出旁的譯者,也就無妨歸之於真諦。所以後來持論比較穩重的一些學者如宇井伯壽,仍舊承認為真諦所譯。至於作者馬鳴,他的年代決定是在龍樹以前,但《起信論》中所表現的思想,固然是龍樹時代不能有的,就連無著世親時代也還不會有,那麼,作者似乎不應該是馬鳴了。可是印度佛學歷史的記載相當紊亂,馬鳴一名,前後即有好幾個人。這樣一來,《起信》也無妨說是馬鳴的著作。不過他應是無著世親以後的人,謂之為後馬鳴也可,謂之為小馬鳴也可。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E6%BE%82" title="呂澂">吕澂</a>《“起信”與禪——對於“大乘起信論”來歷的探討》:「但古今人所見經論之相關,大都以《起信》和魏譯本《楞伽》(菩提流支譯,十卷)的比較為據,而《楞伽》經本在魏譯之外,還有劉宋譯(求那跋陀羅譯,四卷)、唐譯(實叉難陀譯,七卷),魏譯本的文義和它們都很有出入,這裏面就會有諸譯的是非問題。今以《楞伽》現存的梵本(日本南條文雄校刊,1923年出版)為標準來刊定,梵本的中堅部分,非但譯出較晚的唐譯本和它相同,卽較早的劉宋譯本也和它相同,可見它是始終未曾有過變化,在宋唐之間譯出的魏本獨獨時與之異,這自然不會有特別的梵本為魏譯所據,而只能是魏譯的理解上有問題,翻譯的技巧上有問題而已。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E6%BE%82" title="呂澂">吕澂</a>《“起信”與禪——對於“大乘起信論”來歷的探討》:「不久,周武帝實行毀滅佛敎的政策,佛敎界發生了一度紊亂,人也散了,書也燒了,這時醞釀着的新禪法卻也借此傳播到各地。象在舒州[山+兒]山地方,就有人傳新法於道信,而有一行三昧的提倡。一經闡揚,重敞禪風的東山法門也跟着出來了。等到周武的滅法事故過去,這一新禪法又繼續風行北地而成了主流。我們推想,在這段時期內,如有人將新禪的理論方法筆之於書,自然會成為一部很好的止觀敎程。——《大乘起信論》可說卽是在這樣的情況下製作出來的。由於北禪傳統重視馬鳴,所以它偽託為馬鳴的原著,譯人不便杜撰,便付闕如,恰恰其時眞諦的譯籍陸續北傳,所以也有人推測它也是眞諦所譯,因而《法經錄》裏有那一段「人云眞諦譯,……」的記載。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E9%A0%86" class="mw-redirect" title="印順">印順</a>著<《起信論》與扶南大乘>,中華佛學學報第08期:「《攝論》一意識的唯識大乘,對《起信論》作者,是有啟發性的。《起信論》的心──阿黎耶識,意──業識、轉識、現識、智識、相續識,意識(六識)──分別事識。這些名詞,是從魏譯《楞伽經》來的,然作為先後次第的生起,意趣與一意識師相同。我曾聯想到︰一、僧伽婆羅(Sanghapāla)所譯的《解脫道論》,有九心輪說︰如有分與阿黎耶識相當;轉(動)與業識,見與轉識,所受與現識,分別與智識,令起與相續識,也有相類似的意義。二、《瑜伽師地論》卷1(真諦曾譯《十七地論》五卷,佚)的五心說︰如率爾心與業識,尋求心與轉識,決定與現識,染淨心與智識,等流心與相續識。從細到粗,從認識到動作,各論都有此前後發展的傾向。魏譯《楞伽》,不是《起信論》的唯一依據;可說《起信論》是博采眾說,而自成體系的。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E9%A0%86" class="mw-redirect" title="印順">印順</a>著<《起信論》與扶南大乘>,中華佛學學報第08期:「其實,即使《起信論》是依譯文正確的《楞伽經》而作,論義又正確,也未必能為呂澂等所認同,呂澂不是曾說「楞伽......於體用染淨之判,猶未瞭然」嗎?站在一宗一派的觀點來衡量方便多門的佛法,是不太適當的!《起信論》非馬鳴造,非真諦譯,這是文獻考證問題,而義理又當別論。我覺得《起信論》的作者,是依據參照不少經論,而不只是魏譯《楞伽經》的。《起信論》的思想,主要是依從海道而來,特別與扶南(Funan)弘傳的大乘有關。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">方東美《中國大乘佛教》下冊〈論天臺宗思想體系的特色〉:「雖然我們可以說大乘起信論是偽書,但是它卻是一部有價值的偽書,它應該是屬於中國人的作品,而不是從梵文翻譯出來的。」「所以我認為大乘起信論這一部經,雖然是佛教宗教與哲學上很重要的著作,但如果從它的理論系統看起來,它不能算是純正的佛教。假使要把它視為佛教經典,那麼它應該是屬於佛教如來藏系統裏面的楞伽經的範圍所開展的。」「然而當大乘起信論在梁代末年產生之後,影響了佛教後期許多如來藏系的經典發展,像解深密經、密嚴經及華嚴經比較完整的版本都被傳譯進來,於是才重新檢視這一部書。其實這一部書,在我認為是真諦從印度帶來的數論派哲學,祇不過是在思想上給了一個偷天換日的手續而已。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%82%85%E5%81%89%E5%8B%B3" title="傅偉勳">傅偉勳</a><《大乘起信論》義理新探>:「其中最有權威的一位是宇井伯壽,他的基本論點可以歸綸如下。 <ul><li>(1)《歷代三寶記》有不可信憑之處,但關於真諦譯出的記述部分,由於資料來自真諦真傳弟子曹毘的《別歷》,故有可信之點。</li> <li>(2)傳說是智愷所撰的舊譯論序應該看成後世偽作。因此,由於論序之中年數與干支不符合而產生的所有成立年代說必須拋棄。關於譯出年代,祇取五五〇年此說為是。</li> <li>(3)《法經錄》所記太過簡單,很難構成質疑真諦譯出的根據。</li> <li>(4)關於作者與譯者的古來疑惑與否定說的根據皆非確實,因此向來所傳「馬鳴菩薩造·真諦三藏譯」之說最為可取。不過,此一馬鳴乃是傳記與年代不明的印度的馬鳴。</li> <li>(5)真諦譯出《起信論》的當時,譯語仍需依靠他人創製,因此《起信論》譯語與其他真諦所譯論書譯語的比較並非先決問題。</li> <li>(6)真諦進入中國的年代是五四六年,加上他以前的游歷,大致可以推算原作者是四二〇─五〇〇左右的人士。」</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%82%85%E5%81%89%E5%8B%B3" title="傅偉勳">傅偉勳</a><《大乘起信論》義理新探>:「平川彰在他的《大乘起信論》(一九七三年)主張,《起信論》思想是印度佛教教義的直接延伸,云﹕「從《起信論》本文來看,或從真諦當時的中國佛教界文獻來看,我們可把《起信論》看成印度撰述,即《寶性論》、《楞伽經》出現稍後,一位印度大乘佛教徒所撰出者。」平川又在《印度佛教史》附加以下三點。 <ul><li>(1)在六世紀後半的中國佛教主要學者之中,不可能推出真諦以外的《起信論》作者。</li> <li>(2)就文體言,具有「...故」形式而表示理由的文字常在主張命題之後,而不與後文連起的用例甚多,可為梵文翻譯的例證。</li> <li>(3)漢譯《寶性論》中三聚(正定、不定、邪定)之說很簡略,但在《起信論》中則相當詳細。又,阿彌陀佛信仰在《起信論》中亦被提及,不唯想見作者知悉如來藏思想與彌陀信仰的關聯,故如此提起。這些思想內容都是此論實為印度佛教教學直接延伸的證明。 」</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《勝鬘師子吼一乘大方便方廣經》卷1:「自性清淨心而有染污難可了知。有二法難可了知,謂自性清淨心,難可了知。彼心為煩惱所染,亦難了知。如此二法,汝及成就大法菩薩摩訶薩乃能聽受。諸餘聲聞,唯信佛語。」(CBETA, T12, no. 353, p. 222, c3-7)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">見<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E9%82%A6%E9%9B%84" title="王邦雄">王邦雄</a>等著《中國哲學史》下冊,頁391。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">見林安梧《儒學轉向:從新儒學到後新儒學的過渡》,頁44。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參閲"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E9.96.B2"></span>參閲</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E8%B5%B7%E4%BF%A1%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节:參閲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%85%B8%E7%96%91%E5%81%BD%E7%B6%93%E6%96%87%E7%8D%BB" title="佛典疑偽經文獻">佛典疑偽經文獻</a></li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E5%B1%B1%E9%9D%88%E9%9B%A8" class="mw-redirect" 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