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href="#Composition_of_the_Book_of_Samuel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Composition of the Book of Samuel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Composition_of_the_Book_of_Samuel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure_of_the_David_and_Goliath_narrative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure_of_the_David_and_Goliath_narrative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Structure of the David and Goliath narrative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure_of_the_David_and_Goliath_narrative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Textual_considerations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Textual_considerations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Textual considerations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Textual_considerations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Textual considerations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Textual_considerations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Goliath's_height" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goliath's_height"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Goliath's height</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goliath's_height-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goliath_and_Saul" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goliath_and_Saul"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Goliath and Saul</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goliath_and_Saul-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elhanan_and_Goliath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elhanan_and_Goliath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Elhanan and Goliath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elhanan_and_Goliath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goliath_and_the_Greeks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goliath_and_the_Greeks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Goliath and the Greeks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goliath_and_the_Greeks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goliath's_name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goliath's_name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Goliath's name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goliath's_name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Later traditions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Later_traditions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Later traditions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Later_traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Judaism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_usages_of_David_and_Goliath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_usages_of_David_and_Goliath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Modern usages of David and Goliath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_usages_of_David_and_Goliath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In popular culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Italian_Goliath_film_series_(1960–1964)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian_Goliath_film_series_(1960–1964)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Italian Goliath film series (1960–1964)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian_Goliath_film_series_(1960–1964)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Goliath</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 58 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA" title="جالوت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جالوت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calut_(s%C9%99rk%C9%99rd%C9%99)" title="Calut (sərkərdə) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Calut (sərkərdə)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4" title="জালুত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জালুত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%84" title="Галіяф – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Галіяф" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F%D1%82" title="Галіят – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Галіят" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Голиат – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Голиат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goliat" title="Goliat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Goliat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goli%C3%A1%C5%A1" title="Goliáš – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Goliáš" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golia" title="Golia – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Golia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goliath" title="Goliath – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Goliath" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goliat" title="Goliat – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Goliat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goliat" title="Goliat – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Goliat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%B8" title="Γολιάθ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γολιάθ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goliat_(personaje_b%C3%ADblico)" title="Goliat (personaje bíblico) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Goliat (personaje bíblico)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goljato" title="Goljato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Goljato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goliat" title="Goliat – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Goliat" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA" title="جالوت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جالوت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goliath_(Bible)" title="Goliath (Bible) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Goliath (Bible)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A8%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%97" title="골리앗 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="골리앗" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golijat" title="Golijat – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Golijat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goliat" title="Goliat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Goliat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golia" title="Golia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Golia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA" title="גוליית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גוליית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="გოლიათი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გოლიათი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goliathi" title="Goliathi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Goliathi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goliath" title="Goliath – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Goliath" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galijotas" title="Galijotas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Galijotas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B3li%C3%A1t" title="Góliát – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Góliát" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Голијат – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Голијат" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B4liata" title="Gôliata – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Gôliata" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="ഗോലിയാത്ത് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗോലിയാത്ത്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="جليات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جليات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goliat_(Bijbel)" title="Goliat (Bijbel) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Goliat (Bijbel)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%86" title="ゴリアテ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゴリアテ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goliat" title="Goliat – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Goliat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goliat" title="Goliat – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Goliat" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AA" title="جالوت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جالوت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go%C3%A9illot_(Bibe)" title="Goéillot (Bibe) – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Goéillot (Bibe)" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goliat" title="Goliat – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Goliat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golias" title="Golias – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Golias" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goliat" title="Goliat – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Goliat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%84" title="Голиаф – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Голиаф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goliati" title="Goliati – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Goliati" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goliath" title="Goliath – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Goliath" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goljat" title="Goljat – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Goljat" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goljat" title="Goljat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Goljat" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the biblical warrior. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Goliath_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Goliath (disambiguation)">Goliath (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"David and Goliath" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/David_and_Goliath_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="David and Goliath (disambiguation)">David and Goliath (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Osmar_Schindler_David_und_Goliath.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Osmar_Schindler_David_und_Goliath.jpg/220px-Osmar_Schindler_David_und_Goliath.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Osmar_Schindler_David_und_Goliath.jpg/330px-Osmar_Schindler_David_und_Goliath.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Osmar_Schindler_David_und_Goliath.jpg/440px-Osmar_Schindler_David_und_Goliath.jpg 2x" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="777" /></a><figcaption><i>David and Goliath</i> (1888) by <a href="/wiki/Osmar_Schindler" title="Osmar Schindler">Osmar Schindler</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Goliath</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>A<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/θ/: 'th' in 'thigh'">θ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">gə-<span style="font-size:90%">LY</span>-əth</i></a>) is a <a href="/wiki/Philistines" title="Philistines">Philistine</a> giant in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Samuel">Book of Samuel</a>. Descriptions of Goliath's <a href="/wiki/Giant" title="Giant">immense stature</a> vary among biblical sources, with various texts describing him as either 6 ft 9 in (2.06 m) or 9 ft 9 in (2.97 m) tall.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2005_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the text, Goliath issued a challenge to the <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a>, daring them to send forth a champion to engage him in <a href="/wiki/Single_combat" title="Single combat">single combat</a>; he was ultimately defeated by the young shepherd <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a>, employing a <a href="/wiki/Sling_(weapon)#Biblical_accounts" title="Sling (weapon)">sling and stone</a> as a weapon. The narrative signified <a href="/wiki/Saul" title="Saul">King Saul</a>'s unfitness to rule, as Saul himself should have fought for the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">Kingdom of Israel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENelson2000519_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENelson2000519-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some modern scholars believe that the original slayer of Goliath may have been <a href="/wiki/Elhanan,_son_of_Jair" class="mw-redirect" title="Elhanan, son of Jair">Elhanan, son of Jair</a>, who features in 2 Samuel 21:19, in which Elhanan kills Goliath the Gittite,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinSilberman20072,_57_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinSilberman20072,_57-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that the authors of the <a href="/wiki/Deuteronomist#Deuteronomistic_history" title="Deuteronomist">Deuteronomistic history</a> changed the original text to credit the victory to the more famous figure David.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalpern20038_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalpern20038-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinSilberman2007196_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinSilberman2007196-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The phrase "<a href="#Modern_usages_of_David_and_Goliath">David and Goliath</a>" has taken on a more popular meaning denoting an underdog situation, a contest wherein a smaller, weaker opponent faces a much bigger, stronger adversary.<sup id="cite_ref-oxford_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxford-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biblical_accounts">Biblical accounts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goliath&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biblical accounts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:071A.David_Slays_Goliath.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/071A.David_Slays_Goliath.jpg/250px-071A.David_Slays_Goliath.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/071A.David_Slays_Goliath.jpg/330px-071A.David_Slays_Goliath.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/071A.David_Slays_Goliath.jpg/500px-071A.David_Slays_Goliath.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2314" data-file-height="2908" /></a><figcaption>David hoists the severed head of Goliath as illustrated by <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Dor%C3%A9" title="Gustave Doré">Gustave Doré</a> (1866)</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_17" title="1 Samuel 17">1 Samuel 17</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saul" title="Saul">Saul</a> and the Israelites are facing the Philistines in the <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Elah" title="Valley of Elah">Valley of Elah</a>. Twice a day for 40 days, morning and evening, Goliath, the <a href="/wiki/Champion_warfare" title="Champion warfare">champion</a> of the Philistines, comes out between the lines and challenges the Israelites to send out a champion of their own to decide the outcome in single combat, but Saul is afraid. David accepts the challenge. Saul reluctantly agrees and offers his armour, which David declines, taking only his staff, sling, and five stones from a brook.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> David and Goliath confront each other, Goliath with his armor and <a href="/wiki/Javelin" title="Javelin">javelin</a>, David with his <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/staff" class="extiw" title="wikt:staff">staff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sling_(weapon)" title="Sling (weapon)">sling</a>. "The Philistine cursed David by his gods", but David replies: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"This day the Lord will deliver you into my hand, and I will strike you down, and I will give the dead bodies of the host of the Philistines this day to the birds of the air and to the wild beasts of the earth; that all the earth may know that there is a god in Israel and that all this assembly may know that God saves not with sword and spear; for the battle is God's, and he will give you into our hand."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:1%20Samuel%2017:46–47">1 Samuel 17:46–47</a></cite></div></blockquote><p> David hurls a stone from his sling and hits Goliath in the center of his <a href="/wiki/Forehead" title="Forehead">forehead</a>, Goliath falls on his face to the ground, and David cuts off his head. The Philistines flee and are pursued by the Israelites "as far as <a href="/wiki/Gath_(city)" title="Gath (city)">Gath</a> and the gates of <a href="/wiki/Ekron" title="Ekron">Ekron</a>". David puts the armor of Goliath in his own tent and takes the head to <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, and Saul sends <a href="/wiki/Abner" title="Abner">Abner</a> to bring the boy to him. The king asks whose son he is, and David answers: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"I am the son of your servant <a href="/wiki/Jesse_(biblical_figure)" title="Jesse (biblical figure)">Jesse</a> the <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehemite</a>."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:1%20Samuel%2017:58">1 Samuel 17:58</a></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition_of_the_Book_of_Samuel">Composition of the Book of Samuel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goliath&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Composition of the Book of Samuel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Samuel" title="Books of Samuel">Books of Samuel</a>, together with the books of <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua" title="Book of Joshua">Joshua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judges" title="Book of Judges">Judges</a> and <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">Kings</a>, make up a unified history of Israel which biblical scholars call the <a href="/wiki/Deuteronomistic_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuteronomistic History">Deuteronomistic History</a>. The first edition of the history was probably written at the court of Judah's King <a href="/wiki/Josiah" title="Josiah">Josiah</a> (late 7th century BCE) and a revised second edition during the exile (6th century BCE), with further revisions in the post-exilic period.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbellO'Brien20002_and_fn6_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbellO'Brien20002_and_fn6-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerson201010–11_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerson201010–11-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traces of this can be seen in contradictions within the Goliath story, such as that between 1 Samuel 17:54, which says that David took Goliath's head to Jerusalem, although according to 2 Samuel 5 Jerusalem at that time was still a Jebusite stronghold and was not captured until David became king.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>B<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure_of_the_David_and_Goliath_narrative">Structure of the David and Goliath narrative</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goliath&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Structure of the David and Goliath narrative"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Goliath story is made up of base-narrative with numerous additions made probably after the exile:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbellO'Brien2000259-269_fn58_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbellO'Brien2000259-269_fn58-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><i> Original story</i></dd></dl> <ul><li>The Israelites and Philistines face each other; Goliath makes his challenge to single combat;</li> <li>David volunteers to fight Goliath;</li> <li>David selects five smooth stones from a creek-bed to be used in his <a href="/wiki/Sling_(weapon)" title="Sling (weapon)">sling</a>;</li> <li>David's courage strengthens others and eventually others defeat four other giants, possibly brothers, but relatives, reference 2 Samuel 21:15-22.</li> <li>David defeats Goliath, the Philistines flee the battlefield.</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Additions</i></dd></dl> <ul><li>David is sent by his father to bring food to his brothers, hears the challenge, and expresses his desire to accept;</li> <li>Details of the account of the battle;</li> <li>Saul asks who David is, and he is introduced to the king through Abner.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnson201510-11_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson201510-11-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>C<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Textual_considerations">Textual considerations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goliath&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Textual considerations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goliath's_height"><span id="Goliath.27s_height"></span>Goliath's height</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goliath&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Goliath's height"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andrea_Vaccaro_-_David_with_the_Head_of_Goliath.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Andrea_Vaccaro_-_David_with_the_Head_of_Goliath.jpg/250px-Andrea_Vaccaro_-_David_with_the_Head_of_Goliath.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Andrea_Vaccaro_-_David_with_the_Head_of_Goliath.jpg/330px-Andrea_Vaccaro_-_David_with_the_Head_of_Goliath.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Andrea_Vaccaro_-_David_with_the_Head_of_Goliath.jpg/500px-Andrea_Vaccaro_-_David_with_the_Head_of_Goliath.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4186" data-file-height="5355" /></a><figcaption><i> David with the Head of Goliath</i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1635</span>, by <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Vaccaro" title="Andrea Vaccaro">Andrea Vaccaro</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The oldest manuscripts, namely the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a> text of Samuel from the late 1st century BCE, the 1st-century CE historian <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, and the major <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> manuscripts, all give Goliath's height as "four <a href="/wiki/Cubit" title="Cubit">cubits</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Span_(unit)" title="Span (unit)">span</a>" (6 feet 9 inches or 2.06 metres), whereas the <a href="/wiki/Masoretic_Text" title="Masoretic Text">Masoretic Text</a> has "six cubits and a span" (9 feet 9 inches or 2.97 metres).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2005_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many scholars have suggested that the smaller number grew in the course of transmission (only a few have suggested the reverse, that an original larger number was reduced), possibly when a scribe's eye was drawn to the number six in line 17:7.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDriesbach201673_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDriesbach201673-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goliath_and_Saul">Goliath and Saul</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goliath&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Goliath and Saul"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The underlying purpose of the story of Goliath is to show that Saul is not fit to be king (but that David is). Saul was chosen to lead the Israelites against their enemies, but when faced with Goliath, he refuses to do so; Saul is a head taller than anyone else in all Israel (1 Samuel 9:2), which implies he was over 6 feet (1.8 m) tall and the obvious challenger for Goliath, yet David is the one who eventually defeated him. Also, Saul's armour and weaponry are apparently no better than Goliath's: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"David declares that when a lion or bear came and attacked his father's sheep, he battled against it and killed it, [but Saul] has been cowering in fear instead of rising up and attacking the threat to his sheep (i.e., Israel)."<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2005_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2005-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>David's speech in 1 Samuel 17 can be interpreted as referring to both Saul and Goliath through its animal imagery. When this imagery is considered closely, David can be seen to function as the true king who manipulates wild beasts.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elhanan_and_Goliath">Elhanan and Goliath</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goliath&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Elhanan and Goliath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/2_Samuel_21" title="2 Samuel 21">2 Samuel 21</a>, verse 19, the Hebrew Bible tells how Goliath's brother was killed by "<a href="/wiki/Elhanan_son_of_Jair" class="mw-redirect" title="Elhanan son of Jair">Elhanan the son of Jaare-oregim</a>, the Bethlehemite". The fourth-century BC <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Chronicles" title="Books of Chronicles">1 Chronicle 20:5</a> explains the second Goliath by saying that Elhanan "slew Lahmi the brother of Goliath", which is thought by <a href="/wiki/Higher_criticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher criticism">biblical source critics</a> to have constructed the name <a href="/wiki/Lahmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahmi">Lahmi</a> from the last portion of the word "Bethlehemite" ("<i>beit-ha’lahmi</i>"), and the <a href="/wiki/King_James_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="King James Bible">King James Bible</a> adopted this identification into 2 Samuel 21:18–19. Regardless, the Hebrew text at Goliath's name in 2 Samuel 21 makes no mention of the word "brother".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalpern2003[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidtn8PG4XfuBACpgPA8_7–10]_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalpern2003[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidtn8PG4XfuBACpgPA8_7–10]-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most scholars dismiss the later 1 Chronicles 20:5 material as "an obvious harmonization".<sup id="cite_ref-Hubbard_Younger_Arnold_Konkel_2015_p._1841_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hubbard_Younger_Arnold_Konkel_2015_p._1841-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goliath_and_the_Greeks">Goliath and the Greeks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goliath&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Goliath and the Greeks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The armor described in 1 Samuel 17 appears typical of Greek armor of the sixth century BCE; narrative formulae such as the settlement of battle by <a href="/wiki/Single_combat" title="Single combat">single combat</a> between champions has been thought characteristic of the <a href="/wiki/Homeric_epics" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeric epics">Homeric epics</a> (the <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i>) rather than of the ancient Near East. The designation of Goliath as a <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">איש הביניים</span></span>, "man of the in-between" (a longstanding difficulty in translating 1 Samuel 17) appears to be a borrowing from Greek "man of the <i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">metaikhmion</i></span></i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">μεταίχμιον</span></span>)", i.e., the space between two opposite army camps where <a href="/wiki/Champion_warfare" title="Champion warfare">champion combat</a> would take place.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other scholars argue the description is a trustworthy reflection of the armaments that a Philistine warrior would have worn in the tenth century BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>D<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A story very similar to that of David and Goliath appears in the <a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a>, written <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 760</span>–710 BCE, where the young <a href="/wiki/Nestor_(mythology)" title="Nestor (mythology)">Nestor</a> fights and conquers the giant Ereuthalion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinSilberman2007198–199_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinSilberman2007198–199-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each giant wields a distinctive weapon—an iron club in Ereuthalion's case, a massive bronze spear in Goliath's; each giant, clad in armor, comes out of the enemy's massed array to challenge all the warriors in the opposing army; in each case the seasoned warriors are afraid, and the challenge is taken up by a stripling, the youngest in his family (Nestor is the twelfth son of <a href="/wiki/Neleus" title="Neleus">Neleus</a>, David the seventh or eighth son of <a href="/wiki/Jesse_(biblical_figure)" title="Jesse (biblical figure)">Jesse</a>). In each case an older and more experienced father figure (Nestor's own father, David's patron Saul) tells the boy that he is too young and inexperienced, but in each case the young hero receives divine aid and the giant is left sprawling on the ground. Nestor, fighting on foot, then takes the chariot of his enemy, while David, on foot, takes the sword of Goliath. The enemy army then flees, the victors pursue and slaughter them and return with their bodies, and the boy-hero is acclaimed by the people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWest1997370,_376_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest1997370,_376-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, some scholars question whether the biblical writers would have ever had access to the Iliad, and argue that the similarities between both tales are also present in other ancient Near Eastern accounts of duels.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoffmeier201193–94_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffmeier201193–94-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goliath's_name"><span id="Goliath.27s_name"></span>Goliath's name</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goliath&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Goliath's name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tell_es-Safi" title="Tell es-Safi">Tell es-Safi</a>, the biblical <a href="/wiki/Gath_(city)" title="Gath (city)">Gath</a> and traditional home of Goliath, has been the subject of extensive excavations by Israel's <a href="/wiki/Bar-Ilan_University" title="Bar-Ilan University">Bar-Ilan University</a>. The archaeologists have established that this was one of the largest of the Philistine cities until it was destroyed in the ninth century BC, an event from which it never recovered. The <a href="/wiki/Tell_es-Safi_inscription" title="Tell es-Safi inscription">Tell es-Safi inscription</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Sherd" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherd">potsherd</a> discovered at the site, and reliably dated to between the tenth to mid-ninth centuries BC, is inscribed with the two names <i>ʾLWT</i> and <i>WLT</i>. While the names are not directly connected with the biblical Goliath (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">גלית</span>‎, <i>GLYT</i>), they are etymologically related and demonstrate that the name fits with the context of the late tenth- to early ninth-century BC Philistine culture. The name "Goliath" itself is non-Semitic and has been linked with the <a href="/wiki/Lydia" title="Lydia">Lydian</a> king <a href="/wiki/Alyattes_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Alyattes I">Alyattes</a>, which also fits the Philistine context of the biblical Goliath story.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar name, Uliat, is also attested in <a href="/wiki/Carian_language" title="Carian language">Carian</a> inscriptions.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Aren_Maeir" title="Aren Maeir">Aren Maeir</a>, director of the excavation, comments: "Here we have very nice evidence [that] the name Goliath appearing in the Bible in the context of the story of David and Goliath… is not some later literary creation."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Based on the southwest <a href="/wiki/Anatolian_languages" title="Anatolian languages">Anatolian</a> <a href="/wiki/Onomastics" title="Onomastics">onomastic</a> considerations, Roger D. Woodard proposed *<i>Walwatta</i> as a reconstruction of the form ancestral to both Hebrew Goliath and Lydian <a href="/wiki/Alyattes_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Alyattes I">Alyattes</a>. In this case, the original meaning of Goliath's name would be "Lion-man," thus placing him within the realm of <a href="/wiki/Indo-Europeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Europeans">Indo-European</a> warrior-beast mythology.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> explains the name "Goliath, son of Gath" through a reference to his mother's promiscuity, based on the Aramaic גַּת (<i>gat</i>, <a href="/wiki/Winepress" title="Winepress">winepress</a>), as everyone threshed his mother as people do to grapes in a winepress (Sotah, 42b). </p><p>The name sometimes appears in English as Goliah.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_traditions">Later traditions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goliath&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Later traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judaism">Judaism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goliath&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Paul_Rubens_David_Slaying_Goliath.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Peter_Paul_Rubens_David_Slaying_Goliath.jpg/250px-Peter_Paul_Rubens_David_Slaying_Goliath.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Peter_Paul_Rubens_David_Slaying_Goliath.jpg/330px-Peter_Paul_Rubens_David_Slaying_Goliath.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Peter_Paul_Rubens_David_Slaying_Goliath.jpg/500px-Peter_Paul_Rubens_David_Slaying_Goliath.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1639" data-file-height="2043" /></a><figcaption><i>David and Goliath</i> (1616) by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:David_and_Goliath_-1700s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a7/David_and_Goliath_-1700s.jpg/250px-David_and_Goliath_-1700s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a7/David_and_Goliath_-1700s.jpg/330px-David_and_Goliath_-1700s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a7/David_and_Goliath_-1700s.jpg/500px-David_and_Goliath_-1700s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="914" /></a><figcaption><i>David Giving Thanks to God</i> (18th century) by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Errard" title="Charles Errard">Charles Errard</a></figcaption></figure> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Talmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian Talmud">Babylonian Talmud</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sotah_(Talmud)" title="Sotah (Talmud)">Sotah</a> 42b), Goliath was a son of <a href="/wiki/Orpah" title="Orpah">Orpah</a>, the sister-in-law of <a href="/wiki/Ruth_(biblical_figure)" title="Ruth (biblical figure)">Ruth</a>, David's own great-grandmother (Ruth → <a href="/wiki/Obed_(biblical_figure)" title="Obed (biblical figure)">Obed</a> → <a href="/wiki/Jesse_(biblical_figure)" title="Jesse (biblical figure)">Jesse</a> → David). <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Rabbah" title="Ruth Rabbah">Ruth Rabbah</a>, a haggadic and homiletic interpretation of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ruth" title="Book of Ruth">Book of Ruth</a>, makes the blood relationship even closer, considering Orpah and Ruth to have been full sisters. Orpah was said to have made a pretense of accompanying Ruth but after forty paces left her. Thereafter she led a dissolute life. According to the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Talmud" title="Jerusalem Talmud">Jerusalem Talmud</a>, Goliath was born by <a href="/wiki/Polyspermy" title="Polyspermy">polyspermy</a>, and had about one hundred fathers.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Talmud stresses Goliath's ungodliness: his taunts before the Israelites included the boast that it was he who had captured the <a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a> and brought it to the temple of <a href="/wiki/Dagon" title="Dagon">Dagon</a>, and his challenges to combat were made at morning and evening to disturb the Israelites in their prayers. His armor weighed 60 tons, according to rabbi <a href="/wiki/Hanina" title="Hanina">Hanina</a>; 120, according to rabbi <a href="/wiki/Abba_bar_Kahana" title="Abba bar Kahana">Abba bar Kahana</a>; and his sword, which became the sword of David, had marvelous powers. On his death it was found that his heart carried the image of Dagon, who thereby also came to a shameful downfall.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Philo" title="Pseudo-Philo">Pseudo-Philo</a>, believed to have been composed between 135 BCE and 70 CE, David picks up seven stones and writes on them his father's name, his own name, and the name of God, one name per stone; then, speaking to Goliath, he says: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"Hear this word before you die: were not the two woman from whom you and I were born, sisters? And your mother was Orpah and my mother Ruth ..."</p></blockquote><p> After David strikes Goliath with the stone he runs to Goliath before he dies, and Goliath says: "Hurry and kill me and rejoice." David replies: "Before you die, open your eyes and see your slayer." Goliath sees an angel and tells David that it is not he who has killed him but the angel. Pseudo-Philo then goes on to say that the angel of the Lord changes David's appearance so that no one recognizes him, and thus Saul asks who he is.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam">Islam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goliath&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Goliath appears in chapter 2 of the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> (2: 247–252), in the narrative of David and Saul's battle against the Philistines.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Called <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Jalut</i></span> in Arabic (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">جالوت</span></span>), Goliath's mention in the Quran is concise, although it remains a parallel to the account in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>. Muslim scholars have tried to trace Goliath's origins, most commonly with the <a href="/wiki/Amalek" title="Amalek">Amalekites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Goliath, in early scholarly tradition, became a kind of byword or collective name for the oppressors of the <a href="/wiki/Israelite" class="mw-redirect" title="Israelite">Israelite</a> nation before <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muslim tradition sees the battle with Goliath as a prefiguration of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badr" title="Battle of Badr">battle of Badr</a>, and sees Goliath as parallel to the enemies that Muhammad faced.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_usages_of_David_and_Goliath">Modern usages of David and Goliath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goliath&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Modern usages of David and Goliath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In modern usage, the phrase "David and Goliath" has taken on a secular meaning, denoting an <a href="/wiki/Underdog_(term)" class="mw-redirect" title="Underdog (term)">underdog</a> situation, a contest where a smaller, weaker opponent faces a much bigger, stronger adversary; if successful, the underdog may win in an unusual or surprising way.<sup id="cite_ref-oxford_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxford-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Macmillan_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macmillan-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Theology professor Leonard Greenspoon, in his essay, "David vs. Goliath in the Sports Pages", explains that "most writers use the story for its <a href="/wiki/Underdog" title="Underdog">underdog</a> overtones (the little guy wins) ... Less likely to show up in newsprint is the contrast that was most important to the biblical authors: David's victory shows the power of his God, while Goliath's defeat reveals the weakness of the Philistine deities."<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The phrase is widely used in news media to succinctly characterize underdog situations in many contexts without religious overtones. Contemporary headlines include: sports ("Haye relishes underdog role in 'David and Goliath' fight with Nikolai Valuev"—<i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>); business ("On Internet, David-and-Goliath Battle Over Instant Messages"—<i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>); science ("David and Goliath: How a tiny spider catches much larger prey"—<i><a href="/wiki/ScienceDaily" title="ScienceDaily">ScienceDaily</a></i>;<sup id="cite_ref-sciencedaily_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sciencedaily-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> politics ("Dissent in Cuba: David and Goliath"—<i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>); social justice ("David-and-Goliath Saga Brings Cable to Skid Row"—<i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p>Aside from the above allegorical use of "David and Goliath", there is also the use of "Goliath" for a particularly tall person.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, basketball player <a href="/wiki/Wilt_Chamberlain" title="Wilt Chamberlain">Wilt Chamberlain</a> was nicknamed "Goliath", which he disliked.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goliath&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michelangelo,_David_and_Goliath_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Michelangelo%2C_David_and_Goliath_02.jpg/220px-Michelangelo%2C_David_and_Goliath_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Michelangelo%2C_David_and_Goliath_02.jpg/330px-Michelangelo%2C_David_and_Goliath_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Michelangelo%2C_David_and_Goliath_02.jpg/440px-Michelangelo%2C_David_and_Goliath_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="878" data-file-height="1003" /></a><figcaption><i>David and Goliath</i> (1509) by <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_ceiling" title="Sistine Chapel ceiling">Sistine Chapel ceiling</a></figcaption></figure> <p>American actor <a href="/wiki/Ted_Cassidy" title="Ted Cassidy">Ted Cassidy</a> portrayed Goliath in the TV series <i>Greatest Heroes of the Bible</i> (1978).<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Italian actor <a href="/wiki/George_Eastman_(actor)" title="George Eastman (actor)">Luigi Montefiori</a> portrayed this 9 ft 0 in (2.74 m)-tall giant in <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount</a>'s 1985 live-action film <i><a href="/wiki/King_David_(film)" title="King David (film)">King David</a></i> as part of a flashback. This film includes the King of the Philistines saying: "Goliath has challenged the Israelites six times and no one has responded." It is then on the seventh time that David meets his challenge. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Toho" title="Toho">Toho</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tsuburaya_Productions" title="Tsuburaya Productions">Tsuburaya Productions</a> collaborated on a film called <i><a href="/wiki/Daigoro_vs._Goliath" title="Daigoro vs. Goliath">Daigoro vs. Goliath</a></i> (1972), which follows the story relatively closely but recasts the main characters as <i><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">kaiju</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2005, Lightstone Studios released a direct-to-DVD movie musical titled "One Smooth Stone", which was later changed to "David and Goliath". It is part of the <a href="/wiki/Liken_the_scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="Liken the scriptures">Liken the scriptures</a> (now just Liken) series of movie musicals on DVD based on scripture stories. <a href="/wiki/Thurl_Bailey" title="Thurl Bailey">Thurl Bailey</a>, a former NBA basketball player, was cast to play the part of Goliath in this film.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2009, <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> aired <a href="/wiki/Kings_(U.S._TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings (U.S. TV series)">Kings</a>, which has a narrative loosely based on the biblical story of <a href="/wiki/King_David" class="mw-redirect" title="King David">King David</a>, but set in a kingdom that culturally and technologically resembles the present-day United States.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The part of Goliath is portrayed by a tank, which David destroys with a shoulder-fired <a href="/wiki/Rocket_launcher" title="Rocket launcher">rocket launcher</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1975, <a href="/wiki/Kaveret" title="Kaveret">Kaveret</a> recorded and released a humorous interpretation of the Goliath story, with several changes made such as Goliath being the "Demon from <a href="/wiki/Ascalon" title="Ascalon">Ashkelon</a>", and David randomly meeting Goliath rather than dueling each other on a battlefield. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italian_Goliath_film_series_(1960–1964)"><span id="Italian_Goliath_film_series_.281960.E2.80.931964.29"></span>Italian Goliath film series (1960–1964)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goliath&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Italian Goliath film series (1960–1964)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Italians used Goliath as an action superhero in a series of biblical adventure films (<a href="/wiki/Peplum_(film_genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peplum (film genre)">peplums</a>) in the early 1960s. He possessed amazing strength, and the films were similar in theme to their <a href="/wiki/Hercules" title="Hercules">Hercules</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maciste" title="Maciste">Maciste</a> movies. After the classic <i><a href="/wiki/Hercules_(1958_film)" title="Hercules (1958 film)">Hercules</a></i> (1958) became a blockbuster sensation in the film industry, the 1959 <a href="/wiki/Steve_Reeves" title="Steve Reeves">Steve Reeves</a> film <i>Terrore dei Barbari</i> (<i>Terror of the Barbarians</i>) was retitled <i><a href="/wiki/Goliath_and_the_Barbarians" title="Goliath and the Barbarians">Goliath and the Barbarians</a></i> in the United States, (after <a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Levine" title="Joseph E. Levine">Joseph E. Levine</a> claimed the sole right to the name of <i>Hercules</i>); the film was so successful at the box office, it inspired Italian filmmakers to do a series of four more films featuring a beefcake hero named Goliath, although the films were not really related to each other. Note that the Italian film <i>David and Goliath</i> (1960), starring <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a>, was not one of these, since that film was a straightforward adaptation of the biblical story.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The four titles in the Italian <i>Goliath</i> series were as follows:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Goliath contro i giganti</i>/<i><a href="/wiki/Goliath_Against_the_Giants" title="Goliath Against the Giants">Goliath Against the Giants</a></i> (1960) starring <a href="/wiki/Brad_Harris" title="Brad Harris">Brad Harris</a></li> <li><i>Goliath e la schiava ribelle</i>/<i><a href="/wiki/Goliath_and_the_Rebel_Slave" title="Goliath and the Rebel Slave">Goliath and the Rebel Slave</a></i> (a.k.a. <i>The Tyrant of Lydia vs. The Son of Hercules</i>) (1963) starring <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Scott" title="Gordon Scott">Gordon Scott</a></li> <li><i>Golia e il cavaliere mascherato</i>/<i>Goliath and the Masked Rider</i> (a.k.a. <i><a href="/wiki/Hercules_and_the_Masked_Rider" title="Hercules and the Masked Rider">Hercules and the Masked Rider</a></i>) (1964) starring <a href="/wiki/Alan_Steel" title="Alan Steel">Alan Steel</a></li> <li><i>Golia alla conquista di Bagdad</i>/<i>Goliath at the Conquest of Baghdad</i> (a.k.a. <i><a href="/wiki/Goliath_at_the_Conquest_of_Damascus" title="Goliath at the Conquest of Damascus">Goliath at the Conquest of Damascus</a></i>, 1964) starring <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lupus" title="Peter Lupus">Peter Lupus</a></li></ul> <p>The name Goliath was later inserted into the film titles of three other Italian muscle man movies that were retitled for distribution in the United States in an attempt to cash in on the Goliath craze, but these films were not originally made as Goliath films in Italy.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Both <i><a href="/wiki/Goliath_and_the_Vampires" title="Goliath and the Vampires">Goliath and the Vampires</a></i> (1961) and <i><a href="/wiki/Goliath_and_the_Sins_of_Babylon" title="Goliath and the Sins of Babylon">Goliath and the Sins of Babylon</a></i> (1963) actually featured the famed superhero Maciste in the original Italian versions, but American distributors did not feel the name Maciste had any meaning to American audiences. <i><a href="/wiki/Goliath_and_the_Dragon" title="Goliath and the Dragon">Goliath and the Dragon</a></i> (1960) was originally an Italian Hercules film called <i>The Revenge of Hercules</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goliath&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Og" title="Og">Og</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Army_of_Davids" title="An Army of Davids">An Army of Davids</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ain_Jalut" title="Battle of Ain Jalut">Battle of Ain Jalut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgamesh" title="Gilgamesh">Gilgamesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_people" title="List of tallest people">List of tallest people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Plates" title="David Plates">David Plates</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goliath&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goliath&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-upper-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">גָּלְיָת</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Goləyāṯ</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">جُليات</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Ǧulyāt</i></span> (Christian term) or <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">جَالُوت</span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Ǧālūt</i></span> (Quranic term)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Not all scholars agree that the account in 1 Samuel 17:54 contradicts the one in 2 Samuel 5, and various explanations have been proposed as to why David would have brought Goliath's head to the Jebusite stronghold of Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoffmeier2011103_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffmeier2011103-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hoffmeier (2011), drawing on Ancient Near Eastern comparative data, suggests that David was performing a symbolic action intended to announce his victory over Goliath as well as to intimidate the Jebusites.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoffmeier2011104–108_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffmeier2011104–108-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kukis.org/Samuel/1Sam_17.htm#The%20LXX%20%E2%82%AC%20of%20I%20Samuel%2017%20(with%20the%20Missing%20Portions%20in%20Magenta)">Compare texts of short and long versions of 1 Samuel 17</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoffmeier (2011): "A number of critical evalua-tions of more minimalist readings of David and Goliath duel quickly followed Finkelstein and A. Yadin’s articles. Philip King’s analysis of Goliath’s weapons in the Seymour Gitin Festschrift is worth men-tioning.<sup>33</sup> Contrary to Finkelstein’s conclusion, King determines that “Goliath’s bronze helmet, cuirass, greaves, long range bronze jav-elin, spear with socketed blade, shield-bearer, and sword have their counterparts in the repertoire of a Mycenaean soldier."<sup>34</sup> He flatly rejects the portrayal of Goliath as a 7th century Greek hoplite. In the Lawrence Stager Fest-schrift, Alan Millard likewise offered a critical response to Finkel-stein and A. Yadin.<sup>35</sup> Most recently, Moshe Garsiel wrote a comprehen-sive critique of the recent mini-malistic literary and archaeological readings of this classic narrative.<sup>36</sup>"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoffmeier201192_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffmeier201192-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goliath&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2005-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2005_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2005_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2005_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHays2005" class="citation journal cs1">Hays, J. Daniel (December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etsjets.org/files/JETS-PDFs/48/48-4/JETS_48-4_701-714.pdf">"Reconsidering the Height of Goliath"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Evangelical_Theological_Society" title="Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society">Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society</a></i>. <b>48</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">701–</span>2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101230225659/http://www.etsjets.org/files/JETS-PDFs/48/48-4/JETS_48-4_701-714.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 30 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Evangelical+Theological+Society&rft.atitle=Reconsidering+the+Height+of+Goliath&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E701-%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.date=2005-12&rft.aulast=Hays&rft.aufirst=J.+Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etsjets.org%2Ffiles%2FJETS-PDFs%2F48%2F48-4%2FJETS_48-4_701-714.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENelson2000519-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENelson2000519_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNelson2000">Nelson 2000</a>, p. 519.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinSilberman20072,_57-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinSilberman20072,_57_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFinkelsteinSilberman2007">Finkelstein & Silberman 2007</a>, pp. 2, 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalpern20038-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalpern20038_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHalpern2003">Halpern 2003</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinSilberman2007196-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinSilberman2007196_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFinkelsteinSilberman2007">Finkelstein & Silberman 2007</a>, p. 196.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oxford-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oxford_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oxford_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/american_english/david-and-goliath">"David, and Goliath"</a>. <i>Oxford Advanced American Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=David%2C+and+Goliath&rft.btitle=Oxford+Advanced+American+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Famerican_english%2Fdavid-and-goliath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span> "used to describe a situation in which a small or weak person or organization tries to defeat another much larger or stronger opponent: <i>The game looks like it will be a David and Goliath contest.</i>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt08a17.htm#40">1 Samuel 17:40</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbellO'Brien20002_and_fn6-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbellO'Brien20002_and_fn6_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampbellO'Brien2000">Campbell & O'Brien 2000</a>, p. 2 and fn6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerson201010–11-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerson201010–11_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerson2010">Person 2010</a>, p. 10–11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.usccb.org/bible/1samuel/17">"1 Samuel, CHAPTER 17 | USCCB"</a>. <i>bible.usccb.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bible.usccb.org&rft.atitle=1+Samuel%2C+CHAPTER+17+%26%23124%3B+USCCB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbible.usccb.org%2Fbible%2F1samuel%2F17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffmeier2011103-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoffmeier2011103_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoffmeier2011">Hoffmeier 2011</a>, p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffmeier2011104–108-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoffmeier2011104–108_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoffmeier2011">Hoffmeier 2011</a>, pp. 104–108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECampbellO'Brien2000259-269_fn58-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECampbellO'Brien2000259-269_fn58_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCampbellO'Brien2000">Campbell & O'Brien 2000</a>, p. 259-269 fn58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson201510-11-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJohnson201510-11_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJohnson2015">Johnson 2015</a>, p. 10-11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ehrlich, C. S. (1992). "Goliath (Person)". In D. N. Freedman (ed.), <i>The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary</i> (Vol. 2, p. 1073). New York: Doubleday</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDriesbach201673-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDriesbach201673_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDriesbach2016">Driesbach 2016</a>, p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeard2020" class="citation journal cs1">Beard, Brady A. (1 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.co.za/doi/10.10520/EJC-20a3d4d2b9">"Snatched from the hand of a bear : a comparative perspective on the bear in David's speech in 1 Sam 17:34–37"</a>. <i>Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages</i>. <b>46</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>20. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520%2FEJC-20a3d4d2b9">10520/EJC-20a3d4d2b9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Northwest+Semitic+Languages&rft.atitle=Snatched+from+the+hand+of+a+bear+%3A+a+comparative+perspective+on+the+bear+in+David%27s+speech+in+1+Sam+17%3A34%E2%80%9337&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E20&rft.date=2020-11-01&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10520%2FEJC-20a3d4d2b9&rft.aulast=Beard&rft.aufirst=Brady+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.co.za%2Fdoi%2F10.10520%2FEJC-20a3d4d2b9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalpern2003[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidtn8PG4XfuBACpgPA8_7–10]-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalpern2003[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidtn8PG4XfuBACpgPA8_7–10]_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHalpern2003">Halpern 2003</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tn8PG4XfuBAC&pg=PA8">7–10</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hubbard_Younger_Arnold_Konkel_2015_p._1841-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hubbard_Younger_Arnold_Konkel_2015_p._1841_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHubbardYoungerArnoldKonkel2015" class="citation book cs1">Hubbard, Robert L.; Younger, K. Lawson; Arnold, Bill T.; Konkel, August H.; Hill, Andrew E.; Jobes, Karen H. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=foGmCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT1841"><i>NIVAC Bundle 2: Historical Books</i></a>. The NIV Application Commentary. Zondervan Academic. p. unpaginated. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-310-53003-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-310-53003-9"><bdi>978-0-310-53003-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2022</span>. <q>Most scholars dismiss the parallel in 1 Chronicles 20:5 as an obvious harmonization</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=NIVAC+Bundle+2%3A+Historical+Books&rft.series=The+NIV+Application+Commentary&rft.pages=unpaginated&rft.pub=Zondervan+Academic&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-310-53003-9&rft.aulast=Hubbard&rft.aufirst=Robert+L.&rft.au=Younger%2C+K.+Lawson&rft.au=Arnold%2C+Bill+T.&rft.au=Konkel%2C+August+H.&rft.au=Hill%2C+Andrew+E.&rft.au=Jobes%2C+Karen+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfoGmCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT1841&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAzzan_Yadin2004" class="citation journal cs1">Azzan Yadin (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://berlinarchaeology.files.wordpress.com/2013/08/yadin-goliaths-armor.pdf">"Goliath's Armor and the Israelite Collective Memory"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vetus_Testamentum" title="Vetus Testamentum">Vetus Testamentum</a></i>. <b>LIV</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">373–</span>95. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141225131622/http://berlinarchaeology.files.wordpress.com/2013/08/yadin-goliaths-armor.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 25 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vetus+Testamentum&rft.atitle=Goliath%27s+Armor+and+the+Israelite+Collective+Memory&rft.volume=LIV&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E373-%3C%2Fspan%3E95&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Azzan+Yadin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fberlinarchaeology.files.wordpress.com%2F2013%2F08%2Fyadin-goliaths-armor.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span><br />– See also <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIsrael_Finkelstein" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Israel_Finkelstein" title="Israel Finkelstein">Israel Finkelstein</a>. "The Philistines in the Bible: A Late Monarchic Perspective". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_for_the_Study_of_the_Old_Testament" title="Journal for the Study of the Old Testament">Journal for the Study of the Old Testament</a></i>. <b>27</b> (131): 67.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+Study+of+the+Old+Testament&rft.atitle=The+Philistines+in+the+Bible%3A+A+Late+Monarchic+Perspective&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=131&rft.pages=67&rft.au=Israel+Finkelstein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span><br />– For a brief online overview, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChristopher_Heard2006" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit">Christopher Heard (28 April 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013211237/http://www.heardworld.com/higgaion/?p=398">"Yadin on "David and Goliath" in VT 54 (2004)"</a>. <i>Higgaion</i>. Archived from the original on 13 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Higgaion&rft.atitle=Yadin+on+%22David+and+Goliath%22+in+VT+54+%282004%29&rft.date=2006-04-28&rft.au=Christopher+Heard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heardworld.com%2Fhiggaion%2F%3Fp%3D398&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZorn2010" class="citation journal cs1">Zorn, Jeffrey R. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/BASOR41104416">"Reconsidering Goliath: An Iron Age I Philistine Chariot Warrior"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research</i>. <b>360</b>: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2FBASOR41104416">10.1086/BASOR41104416</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163281106">163281106</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+American+Schools+of+Oriental+Research&rft.atitle=Reconsidering+Goliath%3A+An+Iron+Age+I+Philistine+Chariot+Warrior&rft.volume=360&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E22&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2FBASOR41104416&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163281106%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Zorn&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.journals.uchicago.edu%2Fdoi%2F10.1086%2FBASOR41104416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffmeier201192-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoffmeier201192_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoffmeier2011">Hoffmeier 2011</a>, p. 92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinSilberman2007198–199-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinSilberman2007198–199_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFinkelsteinSilberman2007">Finkelstein & Silberman 2007</a>, pp. 198–199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> Book 7 ll.132–160.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest1997370,_376-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWest1997370,_376_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWest1997">West 1997</a>, pp. 370, 376.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrolovWright2011" class="citation journal cs1">Frolov, Serge; Wright, Allen (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307/41304213">"Homeric and Ancient Near Eastern Intertextuality in 1 Samuel 17"</a>. <i>Journal of Biblical Literature</i>. <b>130</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">451–</span>471. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F41304213">10.2307/41304213</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-9231">0021-9231</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41304213">41304213</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biblical+Literature&rft.atitle=Homeric+and+Ancient+Near+Eastern+Intertextuality+in+1+Samuel+17&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E451-%3C%2Fspan%3E471&rft.date=2011&rft.issn=0021-9231&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41304213%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F41304213&rft.aulast=Frolov&rft.aufirst=Serge&rft.au=Wright%2C+Allen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2307%2F41304213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoffmeier201193–94-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoffmeier201193–94_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoffmeier2011">Hoffmeier 2011</a>, pp. 93–94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gath.wordpress.com/2006/02/16/comment-on-the-news-item-in-bar-on-the-goliath-inscription/">Tell es-Safi/Gath weblog</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080109230143/http://faculty.biu.ac.il/~maeira/Goliath/Goliath%20Inscription.html">Bar-Ilan University</a>; For the editio princeps and an in-depth discussion of the inscription, see now: Maeir, A.M., Wimmer, S.J., Zukerman, A., and Demsky, A. (2008). "A Late Iron Age I/Early Iron Age II Old Canaanite Inscription from Tell eṣ-Ṣâfī/Gath, Israel: Palaeography, Dating, and Historical-Cultural Significance". <i>Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vernet Pons, M. (2012). "The etymology of Goliath in the light of Carian Wljat/Wliat: a new proposal". <i>Kadmos</i>, 51, 143–164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/science/tall-tale-of-a-philistine-researchers-unearth-a-goliath-cerealbowl/2005/11/14/1131951099130.html?oneclick=true">"Tall tale of a Philistine: researchers unearth a Goliath cereal bowl"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 15 November 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Tall+tale+of+a+Philistine%3A+researchers+unearth+a+Goliath+cereal+bowl&rft.date=2005-11-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnews%2Fscience%2Ftall-tale-of-a-philistine-researchers-unearth-a-goliath-cerealbowl%2F2005%2F11%2F14%2F1131951099130.html%3Foneclick%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWoodard2022" class="citation cs2">Woodard, Roger D. (2022), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbl-site.org/assets/pdfs/pubs/9780884145165_OA.pdf">"On Goliath, Alyattes, Indo-European Wolves, and Lydian Lions: A Reexamination of 1 Sam 17:1–11, 32–40"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, in Rollston, Christopher (ed.), <i>Biblical and Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Honor of P. Kyle McCarter Jr. (Ancient Near East Monographs)</i>, SBL Press, pp. <span class="nowrap">239–</span>254</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=On+Goliath%2C+Alyattes%2C+Indo-European+Wolves%2C+and+Lydian+Lions%3A+A+Reexamination+of+1+Sam+17%3A1%E2%80%9311%2C+32%E2%80%9340&rft.btitle=Biblical+and+Ancient+Near+Eastern+Studies+in+Honor+of+P.+Kyle+McCarter+Jr.+%28Ancient+Near+East+Monographs%29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E239-%3C%2Fspan%3E254&rft.pub=SBL+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Woodard&rft.aufirst=Roger+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbl-site.org%2Fassets%2Fpdfs%2Fpubs%2F9780884145165_OA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> For example in Shakespeare: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHassel200" class="citation book cs1">Hassel, R. Chris (12 May 200). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PYxf2vcqPy0C"><i>Shakespeare's Religious Language: A Dictionary</i></a>. Athlone Shakespeare dictionary series. London: A&C Black. p. 144. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780826458902" title="Special:BookSources/9780826458902"><bdi>9780826458902</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2023</span>. <q>GOLIAH[:] Goliath, the giant whom David slew.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare%27s+Religious+Language%3A+A+Dictionary&rft.place=London&rft.series=Athlone+Shakespeare+dictionary+series&rft.pages=144&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=200&rft.isbn=9780826458902&rft.aulast=Hassel&rft.aufirst=R.+Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPYxf2vcqPy0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Talmud" title="Jerusalem Talmud">Jerusalem Talmud</a> Yebamoth, 24b.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a brief overview of Talmudic traditions on Goliath, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=336&letter=G">Jewish Encyclopedia, "Goliath"</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charlesworth, James H. 1983. <i>The Old Testament pseudepigrapha</i> vol 2. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-18813-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-18813-7">0-385-18813-7</a> p. 374.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Encyclopedia of Islam</i>, G. Vajda, <i>Djalut</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated3-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Hughes Dictionary of Islam</i>, T.P. Hughes, <i>Goliath</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Macmillan-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Macmillan_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/american/david-and-goliath">"David and Goliath"</a>. <i>Macmillan Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=David+and+Goliath&rft.btitle=Macmillan+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.macmillandictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Famerican%2Fdavid-and-goliath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span> "used for describing a situation in which a small person or organization defeats a much larger one in a surprising way"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGreenspoon,_Leonard" class="citation web cs1">Greenspoon, Leonard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184437/http://www.bibleodyssey.org/en/passages/related-articles/david-versus-goliath-in-the-sports-pages.aspx">"David vs. Goliath in the Sports Pages"</a>. Society of Biblical Literature. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bibleodyssey.org/en/passages/related-articles/david-versus-goliath-in-the-sports-pages.aspx">the original</a> on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=David+vs.+Goliath+in+the+Sports+Pages&rft.pub=Society+of+Biblical+Literature&rft.au=Greenspoon%2C+Leonard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bibleodyssey.org%2Fen%2Fpassages%2Frelated-articles%2Fdavid-versus-goliath-in-the-sports-pages.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcRae,_Donald2009" class="citation web cs1">McRae, Donald (3 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2009/nov/03/david-haye-nikolai-valuev-donald-mcrae">"Haye relishes underdog role in 'David and Goliath' fight with Nikolai Valuev"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Haye+relishes+underdog+role+in+%27David+and+Goliath%27+fight+with+Nikolai+Valuev&rft.date=2009-11-03&rft.au=McRae%2C+Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsport%2F2009%2Fnov%2F03%2Fdavid-haye-nikolai-valuev-donald-mcrae&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span> Smaller boxer battles gigantic WBA world heavyweight champion.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlair,_Jayson2000" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jayson_Blair" title="Jayson Blair">Blair, Jayson</a> (24 June 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/06/24/nyregion/on-internet-david-and-goliath-battle-over-instant-messages.html">"On Internet, David-and-Goliath Battle Over Instant Messages"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=On+Internet%2C+David-and-Goliath+Battle+Over+Instant+Messages&rft.date=2000-06-24&rft.au=Blair%2C+Jayson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F06%2F24%2Fnyregion%2Fon-internet-david-and-goliath-battle-over-instant-messages.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span> Tiny online start-up battles Internet giant.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sciencedaily-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sciencedaily_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/06/140612095035.htm">"David and Goliath: How a tiny spider catches much larger prey"</a>. <i>ScienceDaily</i>. 12 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ScienceDaily&rft.atitle=David+and+Goliath%3A+How+a+tiny+spider+catches+much+larger+prey&rft.date=2014-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedaily.com%2Freleases%2F2014%2F06%2F140612095035.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span> Tiny spider preys on ants up to almost four times its size.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/node/1537865">"Dissent in Cuba: David and Goliath"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. 16 January 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Dissent+in+Cuba%3A+David+and+Goliath&rft.date=2003-01-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnode%2F1537865&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span> "A one-party election faces a small but unprecedented challenge."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRivera,_Carla2001" class="citation web cs1">Rivera, Carla (21 November 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-nov-21-mn-6603-story.html">"David-and-Goliath Saga Brings Cable to Skid Row"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=David-and-Goliath+Saga+Brings+Cable+to+Skid+Row&rft.date=2001-11-21&rft.au=Rivera%2C+Carla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2001-nov-21-mn-6603-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span> Skid row resident battles telecoms giant to win cable access.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Goliath">"Goliath"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster&rft.atitle=Goliath&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FGoliath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/goliath">"Goliath"</a>. <i>Cambridge English Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Goliath&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fus%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fgoliath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nba.com/history/legends/profiles/wilt-chamberlain">"Legends profile: Wilt Chamberlain"</a>. <i>NBA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBA&rft.atitle=Legends+profile%3A+Wilt+Chamberlain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nba.com%2Fhistory%2Flegends%2Fprofiles%2Fwilt-chamberlain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1095791/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Greatest Heroes of the Bible' David & Goliath (TV episode 1978)"</a>. imdb<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Greatest+Heroes+of+the+Bible%27+David+%26+Goliath+%28TV+episode+1978%29&rft.pub=imdb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt1095791%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlston2009" class="citation web cs1">Alston, Joshua (16 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsweek.com/what-would-jesus-watch-82121">"What Would Jesus Watch?"</a>. <i>Newsweek</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=What+Would+Jesus+Watch%3F&rft.date=2009-07-16&rft.aulast=Alston&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fwhat-would-jesus-watch-82121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goliath&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCampbellO'Brien2000" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Antony F.; O'Brien, Mark A. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AvZWPFqd2sEC&q=%22Deuteronomistic+history%22%22one+of+the+three+major+narrative+texts%22&pg=PA2"><i>Unfolding the Deuteronomistic History</i></a>. Fortress Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781451413687" title="Special:BookSources/9781451413687"><bdi>9781451413687</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unfolding+the+Deuteronomistic+History&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9781451413687&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Antony+F.&rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+Mark+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAvZWPFqd2sEC%26q%3D%2522Deuteronomistic%2Bhistory%2522%2522one%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bthree%2Bmajor%2Bnarrative%2Btexts%2522%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDriesbach2016" class="citation book cs1">Driesbach, Jason (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tIr2DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA73"><i>4QSamuela and the Text of Samuel</i></a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-32420-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-32420-6"><bdi>978-90-04-32420-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=4QSamuela+and+the+Text+of+Samuel&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-90-04-32420-6&rft.aulast=Driesbach&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtIr2DQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFinkelsteinSilberman2007" class="citation book cs1">Finkelstein, Israel; Silberman, Neil Asher (3 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Hvq6JbIHBDEC&pg=PA198"><i>David and Solomon: In Search of the Bible's Sacred Kings and the Roots of the Western Tradition</i></a>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-4363-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-4363-6"><bdi>978-0-7432-4363-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=David+and+Solomon%3A+In+Search+of+the+Bible%27s+Sacred+Kings+and+the+Roots+of+the+Western+Tradition&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2007-04-03&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-4363-6&rft.aulast=Finkelstein&rft.aufirst=Israel&rft.au=Silberman%2C+Neil+Asher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHvq6JbIHBDEC%26pg%3DPA198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHalpern2003" class="citation book cs1">Halpern, Baruch (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tn8PG4XfuBAC&pg=PP1"><i>David's Secret Demons: Messiah, Murderer, Traitor, King</i></a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0802827975" title="Special:BookSources/978-0802827975"><bdi>978-0802827975</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=David%27s+Secret+Demons%3A+Messiah%2C+Murderer%2C+Traitor%2C+King&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0802827975&rft.aulast=Halpern&rft.aufirst=Baruch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dtn8PG4XfuBAC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHoffmeier2011" class="citation book cs1">Hoffmeier, James K. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UC3KdEzloiYC&pg=PA87">"David's Triumph Over Goliath: 1 Samuel 17:54 and Ancient Near Eastern Analogues"</a>. In Bar, S.; Kahn, D.; Shirley, J. J. (eds.). <i>Egypt, Canaan and Israel: History, Imperialism, Ideology and Literature: Proceedings of a Conference at the University of Haifa, 3-7 May 2009</i>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-19493-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-19493-9"><bdi>978-90-04-19493-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=David%27s+Triumph+Over+Goliath%3A+1+Samuel+17%3A54+and+Ancient+Near+Eastern+Analogues&rft.btitle=Egypt%2C+Canaan+and+Israel%3A+History%2C+Imperialism%2C+Ideology+and+Literature%3A+Proceedings+of+a+Conference+at+the+University+of+Haifa%2C+3-7+May+2009&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-90-04-19493-9&rft.aulast=Hoffmeier&rft.aufirst=James+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUC3KdEzloiYC%26pg%3DPA87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2015" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Benjamin J.M. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5OaaKpCpqsQC&q=%22Version+1+and+version+2+of+the+David+and+Goliath+story%22&pg=PA10"><i>Reading David and Goliath in Greek and Hebrew: A Literary Approach</i></a>. Mohr Siebeck. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783161540462" title="Special:BookSources/9783161540462"><bdi>9783161540462</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+David+and+Goliath+in+Greek+and+Hebrew%3A+A+Literary+Approach&rft.pub=Mohr+Siebeck&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9783161540462&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+J.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5OaaKpCpqsQC%26q%3D%2522Version%2B1%2Band%2Bversion%2B2%2Bof%2Bthe%2BDavid%2Band%2BGoliath%2Bstory%2522%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNelson2000" class="citation book cs1">Nelson, William R. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&pg=PA519">"Goliath"</a>. In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.). <i>Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible</i>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789053565032" title="Special:BookSources/9789053565032"><bdi>9789053565032</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Goliath&rft.btitle=Eerdmans+Dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9789053565032&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=William+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqRtUqxkB7wkC%26pg%3DPA519&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPerson2010" class="citation book cs1">Person, Raymond F. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XGdcDBDMaPQC&pg=PA31"><i>The Deuteronomic History and the Book of Chronicles</i></a>. Society of Biblical Literature. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781589835177" title="Special:BookSources/9781589835177"><bdi>9781589835177</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Deuteronomic+History+and+the+Book+of+Chronicles&rft.pub=Society+of+Biblical+Literature&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781589835177&rft.aulast=Person&rft.aufirst=Raymond+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXGdcDBDMaPQC%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWest1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Litchfield_West" title="Martin Litchfield West">West, M.L.</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fIp0RYIjazQC&pg=PA214"><i>The East Face of Helicon. West Asiatic Elements in Greek Poetry and Myth</i></a>. Oxford: Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191591044" title="Special:BookSources/9780191591044"><bdi>9780191591044</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+East+Face+of+Helicon.+West+Asiatic+Elements+in+Greek+Poetry+and+Myth&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780191591044&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=M.L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfIp0RYIjazQC%26pg%3DPA214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoliath" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goliath&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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href="/wiki/Template:The_Bible_and_warfare" title="Template:The Bible and warfare"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Bible_and_warfare" title="Template talk:The Bible and warfare"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Bible_and_warfare" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Bible and warfare"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Bible_and_warfare175" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/War_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="War in the Hebrew Bible">The Bible and warfare</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Warfare_in_the_Hebrew_Bible#List_of_Hebrew_Bible_battles" class="mw-redirect" title="Warfare in the Hebrew Bible">Hebrew<br />Bible<br />battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah / Pentateuch</a> battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Siddim" title="Battle of Siddim">Battle of Siddim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossing_the_Red_Sea" title="Crossing the Red Sea">Crossing the Red Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Refidim" title="Battle of Refidim">Battle of Refidim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_calf#Exclusion_of_the_Levites_and_mass_execution" title="Golden calf">Golden calf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbers_31" title="Numbers 31">War against the Midianites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua" title="Book of Joshua">Joshua</a> and <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judges" title="Book of Judges">Judges</a> battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Jericho" title="Fall of Jericho">Fall of Jericho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ai_(Canaan)#Biblical_narrative" title="Ai (Canaan)">Battle of Ai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Hazor#Late_Bronze_Age" title="Tel Hazor">Battle of Hazor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Waters_of_Merom" title="Battle of the Waters of Merom">Battle of the Waters of Merom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mount_Tabor_(biblical)" title="Battle of Mount Tabor (biblical)">Battle of Mount Tabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon#Biblical_narrative" title="Gideon">Gideon's campaign (Well of Harod)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micah%27s_Idol" title="Micah's Idol">Micah's Idol / Sack of Laish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levite%27s_concubine" title="Levite's concubine">Benjamite War / Battle of Gibeah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aphek" title="Battle of Aphek">Battle of Aphek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mizpah" title="Battle of Mizpah">Battle of Mizpah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">United monarchy</a> period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Michmash" title="Battle of Michmash">Battle of Michmash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a> <i>or</i> <a href="/wiki/Elhanan,_son_of_Jaare-oregim" title="Elhanan, son of Jaare-oregim">Elhanan</a> versus <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Goliath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mount_Gilboa" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mount Gilboa">Battle of Mount Gilboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pool_of_Gibeon" title="Pool of Gibeon">Pool of Gibeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jebus" title="Siege of Jebus">Siege of Jebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Wood_of_Ephraim" title="Battle of the Wood of Ephraim">Battle of the Wood of Ephraim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baal-perazim" title="Baal-perazim">Baal-perazim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeroboam%27s_Revolt" title="Jeroboam's Revolt">Jeroboam's Revolt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shishak" title="Shishak">Shishak's raid of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mount_Zemaraim" title="Battle of Mount Zemaraim">Battle of Mount Zemaraim</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Judah</a> period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zephath" title="Battle of Zephath">Battle of Zephath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israelite%E2%80%93Aramean_War" title="Israelite–Aramean War">Israelite–Aramean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Ephraimite_War" title="Syro-Ephraimite War">Syro-Ephraimite War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sennacherib%27s_campaign_in_the_Levant" title="Sennacherib's campaign in the Levant">Sennacherib's campaign in Judah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lachish" title="Siege of Lachish">Siege of Lachish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_siege_of_Jerusalem" title="Assyrian siege of Jerusalem">Assyrian siege of Jerusalem</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Megiddo_(609_BC)" title="Battle of Megiddo (609 BC)">Battle of Megiddo (609 BC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judah%27s_revolts_against_Babylon" title="Judah's revolts against Babylon">Judah's revolts against Babylon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(597_BC)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (597 BC)">Siege of Jerusalem (597 BC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(587_BC)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)">Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_captivity" title="Babylonian captivity">Exilic period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Purim" title="Purim">Purim</a> war (<a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Book of Esther</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bible.malmesbury.arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img 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class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12250035g">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an58783415">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo20191035729&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX849600">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000010280">Argentina</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007274443205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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