Prof. Adriaan Blaauw

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href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/abouteso/"> About ESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/alma/"> ALMA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/apex/"> APEX </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/compilations/"> Compilations </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/cosmology/"> Cosmology </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/elt/"> ELT </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/esocast/"> ESOcast </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/videos/archive/category/events/"> Events </a></li><li class=""><a 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href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/"> Very Large Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-242" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/"> VLT Instruments <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-243" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/4lgsf/"> 4LGSF </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/amber/"> AMBER </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/crires/"> CRIRES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/espresso/"> ESPRESSO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/eris/"> ERIS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/flames/"> FLAMES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/fors/"> FORS1 and FORS2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/gravity/"> GRAVITY </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/hawk-i/"> HAWK-I </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/isaac/"> ISAAC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/kmos/"> KMOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/mad/"> MAD </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/matisse/"> MATISSE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/midi/"> MIDI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/moons/"> MOONS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/muse/"> MUSE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/naco/"> NACO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/naomi/"> NAOMI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/pionier/"> PIONIER </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/sinfoni/"> SINFONI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/sphere/"> SPHERE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/uves/"> UVES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/"> VIMOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/visir/"> VISIR </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/x-shooter/"> X-shooter </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vtl-test-cameras/"> VLT Test Cameras </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vinci/"> VINCI </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/"> VLT Unit Telescopes Names <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-271" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/antu/"> Antu </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/kueyen/"> Kueyen </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/melipal/"> Melipal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/yepun/"> Yepun </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/auxiliarytelescopes/"> Auxiliary Telescopes </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/"> Survey Telescopes <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-277" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/"> VISTA <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-278" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/mirror/"> The VISTA mirror </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/camera/"> VIRCAM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/4most/"> 4MOST </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/surveys/"> The VISTA surveys </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/consortium/"> The VISTA consortium </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/"> VST <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-284" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/mirror/"> The VST mirrors </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/camera/"> OmegaCAM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/surveys/"> The VST surveys </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/speculoos/"> SPECULOOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/ngts/"> NGTS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/cta/"> Cherenkov Telescope Array </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/"> La Silla Observatory <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-291" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swedish/"> Swedish–ESO Submillimetre Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-292" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swedish/simba/"> SIMBA </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/"> New Technology Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-294" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/efosc2/"> EFOSC2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/emmi/"> EMMI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/irspec/"> IRSPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/sofi/"> SOFI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/soxs/"> SOXS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/susi2/"> SUSI and SUSI2 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/"> ESO 3.6-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-301" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/adonis/"> ADONIS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/caspec/"> CASPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/irspec/"> IRSPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/harps/"> HARPS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/mefos/"> MEFOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/nirps/"> NIRPS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/optopus/"> OPTOPUS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/timmi2/"> TIMMI/2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/36-infrared-photometer-spectrophotometer/"> Infrared Photometer/Spectrophotometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/36-standard-photometer/"> Standard Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/infrared-specklegraph/"> Infrared Specklegraph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/infrared-speckle-interferometer/"> Infrared Speckle Interferometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/efosc/"> EFOSC </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/"> MPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-315" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/feros/"> FEROS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/grond/"> GROND </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/irac2/"> IRAC & IRAC2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/pisco/"> PISCO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/wfi/"> WFI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/infrared-photometer-spectrophotometer/"> Infrared Photometer/Spectrophotometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss/"> Swiss 1.2-metre Leonhard Euler Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-322" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss/coralie/"> CORALIE </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/rem/"> Rapid Eye Mount telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/trappist/"> TRAnsiting Planets and PlanetesImals Small Telescope–South </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/"> Danish 1.54-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-326" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/coravel/"> CORAVEL </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/dfosc/"> DFOSC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/ccd/"> CCD camera </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/hb-photometer/"> Hβ Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/two-channel-photometer/"> Two-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/four-channel-photometer/"> Four-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/six-channel-photometer/"> Six-Channel uvby-Hβ Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/tarot/"> Télescope à Action Rapide pour les Objets Transitoires </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1mschmidt/"> ESO 1-metre Schmidt telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/"> ESO 1.52-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-336" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/bandc/"> Boller and Chivens Spectrograph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/coude/"> Coudé Spectrograph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/echelec/"> ECHELEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/rv-cass-spectrograph/"> RV Cass Spectrograph </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/"> ESO 1-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-341" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/fideos/"> FIDEOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/infrared-photometer/"> Infrared Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/single-channel-photometer/"> Single-Channel Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/"> ESO 0.5-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-345" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/single-channel-photometer/"> Single-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/double-channel-photometer/"> Double-Channel Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/coude/"> Coudé Auxiliary Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-348" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/coude/ces/"> CES </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marly/"> MarLy 1-metre telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/09metre/"> Dutch 0.9-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-351" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/09metre/walraven/"> Walraven Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/t70/"> Swiss T70 telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/"> Bochum 0.61-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-354" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/bochum-scanner/"> Bochum Scanner </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/bochum-photometer/"> Bochum Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/"> Danish 0.5-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-357" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-two-channel-hb-photometer/"> Two-Channel Hβ Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-four-channel-uvby-photometer/"> Four-Channel uvby Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-six-channel-uvby-hb-photometer/"> Six-Channel uvby–Hβ Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/gpo/"> Grand Prisme Objectif telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss04/"> Swiss 0.4-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marseille/"> Marseille 0.36-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/grb/"> GRB Monitoring System </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mascara/"> MASCARA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/blackgem/"> BlackGEM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/extra/"> ExTrA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/test-bed/"> Test-Bed Telescope </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/"> APEX <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-369" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/artemis/"> ArTéMiS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/laboca/"> LABOCA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/saboca/"> SABOCA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/sepia/"> SEPIA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/apex-2a/"> APEX–2A </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/aszca/"> ASZCa </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/champ-plus/"> CHAMP+ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/flash/"> FLASH </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/flash-plus/"> FLASH+ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/mpi_11thz/"> MPI_1.1THz </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/p-artemis/"> P-ArTéMiS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/pi230/"> PI230 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/polka/"> PolKa </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/shefi/"> SHeFI </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/"> ALMA <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-384" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/antennas/"> Antennas </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/transporters/"> Transporters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/interferometry/"> Interferometry </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/receiver-bands/"> Receiver Bands </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/alma/residencia/"> ALMA Residencia </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/"> ELT <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-390" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/telescope/"> ELT Telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/instruments/"> ELT Instruments <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-392" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/elt-instr/harmoni/"> HARMONI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/elt-instr/hires/"> HIRES (Phase A completed) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/elt-instr/maory/"> MAORY </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/elt-instr/metis/"> METIS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/elt-instr/micado/"> MICADO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/elt-instr/mosaic/"> MOSAIC (Phase A completed) </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/science/"> ELT Science </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/numbers/"> ELT in numbers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/cerro-armazones/"> Cerro Armazones </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/elt/companies/"> Contractors working for the ELT </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/"> Technology for Telescopes <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-403" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/active_optics/"> Active Optics </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/adaptive_optics/"> Adaptive Optics </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/ifu/"> Integral Field Units </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/interferometry/"> Interferometry </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/spectroscopy/"> Spectroscopy </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/instruments/"> Instruments </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/science/">Discoveries<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-410" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/science/top10/"> ESO Top 10 Astronomical Discoveries </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/science/exoplanets/"> Exoplanets </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/science/gravitationalwaves/"> Gravitational Wave Sources </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/science/gc/"> Black Hole at the Centre of our Galaxy </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/science/grb/"> Gamma-Ray Bursts </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/science/archive/"> Science Archive </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/">Events<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-417" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/press-evt/"> Press Events </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/"> Special Events <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-419" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann18065/"> Open House Day 2018 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/asteroid-day/"> Asteroid Day </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse17/"> Open House Day 2017 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann16071/"> Open House Day 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/MeetESO/"> #MeetESO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse15/"> Long Night of Science 2015 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2014/"> ASTRONET 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse14/"> Open House Day 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/eeltblast/"> ELT Groundbreaking </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/cafe-and-kosmos/"> Café & Kosmos in Munich </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse13/"> Open House Day 2013 </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/"> ASTRONET 2013 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-431" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/dates/"> Important Dates </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/registration/"> Registration, Fees and Payment </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/abstracts/"> Abstract Submission </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/venue/"> Workshop Venue </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/practical_information/"> Practical Information </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/accommodation/"> Accommodation </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/organisers_partners/"> Organisers & Partners </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/contact/"> Contact </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/schedule/"> Schedule </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/astronet2013/participants/"> Participants </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/"> ESO 50 Years <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-442" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/message/"> Message from the DG </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/50highlights50years/"> Fifty Highlights </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/competitions/"> Competitions </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/twitter/"> Twitter Feed </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/webcast/"> Webcast </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/"> Europe to the Stars <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-448" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/news/"> News </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/movie/"> Movie </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/book/"> Book </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/reviews/"> Reviews </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/bios/"> Bios </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/offers/"> Purchase Offers </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/press/"> For the Press </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years/europetothestars/contact/"> Contact Us </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/50years-in-chile/"> 50 years of ESO in Chile </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/awesome-universe/"> Awesome Universe <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-458" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/awesome-universe/venues/"> List of venues </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/awesome-universe/organisers/"> For Exhibitors </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/iya2009/"> IYA 2009 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/100ha/"> 100 Hours of Astronomy </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/theeye/"> The Eye 3D </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/imax-hidden-universe/"> IMAX® 3D Film Hidden Universe </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse11/"> Open House Day 2011 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse09/"> Open House Day 2009 (German) </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/bond/"> Bond at Paranal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/lndw-2007eng/"> Long Night of Science 2007 </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse/"> Open House Day 2006 <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-469" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse/ohd06-winnerslist/"> List of Prize Winners </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse/tdot06/"> Deutsche Fassung </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/openhouse/tdot06-gewinnerliste/"> Liste der Preisgewinner </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/pt-011203/"> Public Talks 2003 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/special-evt/eso40years/"> ESO 40 Years (1962 - 2002) </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/exhibitions/"> Exhibitions <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-475" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/exhibitions/perma_exhibitions/"> ESO Permanent Exhibitions </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200926190014/http://www.esof.eu/"> EuroScience Open Forum (ESOF) </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200926190014/http://eas.unige.ch/EWASS2016/"> EWASS 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200926190014/https://aas.org/meetings/aas227"> AAS Winter 2016 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/"> Astronomical Events <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-480" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/solareclipse2019/"> Total Solar Eclipse 2019 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/mcnaught2007/"> The Comet McNaught 2007 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/deepimpact/"> Deep Impact - 04.07.2005 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200926190014/http://www.vt-2004.org/"> The Venus Transit - 08.11.2004 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/leonids99/"> The Leonids - 17.11.1999 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/eclipse99/"> Solar Eclipse at ESO HQ - 11.08.1999 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/leonids98/"> The Leonids - 11.1998 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/pathfinder/"> Mars Pathfinder - 1997 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/hyakutake/"> Comet Hyakutake - 1997 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/sl9/"> SL-9 and Jupiter - 1994 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/hale-bopp/"> Comet Hale Bopp - 1994 </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/events/seminars/"> Astronomy Communication Seminars </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/">Outreach<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-493" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/"> Education <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-494" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/products/education/"> Educational Material </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200926190014/http://www.scienceinschool.org/" target="_blank"> Science in School </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200926190014/http://www.sterrenlab.com/camps/eso-astronomy-camp-2017/"> ESO Astronomy Camp 2017 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200926190014/https://web.archive.org/web/20190722044743/http://www.sterrenlab.com/camps/eso-astronomy-camp-2016/"> ESO Astronomy Camp 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200926190014/https://web.archive.org/web/20190810160701/http://www.sterrenlab.com/camps/eso-astronomy-camp-2015/"> ESO Astronomy Camp 2015 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200926190014/https://web.archive.org/web/20190321214717/http://www.sterrenlab.com/camps/eso-astronomy-camp-2014/"> ESO Astronomy Camp 2014 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/teacherschools/"> Teacher Schools </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/prev-programmes/"> Previous Programmes <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-502" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200926190014/http://www.eaae-astronomy.org/catchastar/cas2013"> Catch a Star 2013 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200926190014/http://www.eaae-astronomy.org/catchastar/cas2011"> Catch a Star 2011 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2008/"> Catch a Star 2008 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2007/"> Catch a Star 2007 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2005/"> Catch a Star 2005 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2004/"> Catch a Star 2004 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2003/"> Catch a Star 2003 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2002/"> Catch a Star 2002 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/liu/"> Life in the Universe </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/pos/"> Physics On Stage </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/seaspace/docs/"> Sea & Space </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200926190014/http://kids.alma.cl/?lang=en"> ALMA Kids </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/"> Partnerships <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-515" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/translators/"> Volunteer Translators </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/eson/"> ESO Science Outreach Network </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/chile/"> Collaborations in Chile <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-518" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/chile/2010/"> 2010 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/chile/2009/"> 2009 </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/eso-ambassadors/"> ESO Outreach Ambassadors </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/organisations/"> ESO Outreach Partner Organisations </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/educators/"> Informal Educators </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200926190014/http://eso.us2.list-manage1.com/subscribe?u=c35dd77ef962de779092c970b&id=bd58d6ae8d"> Outreach Newsletter Form </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/partnerships/photo-ambassadors/"> ESO Photo Ambassadors </a></li><li 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alert-danger alert-dismissible" role="alert" style="display: none"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> Couldn't save page :( Please try again. </div> </div> <div class="page-content"> <div id="editable-content"> <h1>Prof. Adriaan Blaauw</h1> <h2 dir="ltr">ESO’s Director General from 1970 to 1974</h2> <p dir="ltr"><a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/images/a_blaauw-bookbacktitle/"><img src="/web/20200926190014im_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/images/portrait1080/a_blaauw-bookbacktitle.jpg" border="0" alt="Prof. Adriaan Blaauw" title="Prof. Adriaan Blaauw" width="250" height="281" style="float: right; margin-left: 10px; margin-right: 10px;"/></a>Adriaan Blaauw was born on 12 April 1914 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Blaauw was educated in the Netherlands, beginning his studies of astronomy at Leiden University in 1932, and working with de Sitter, Hertzsprung and Oort. He obtained his doctorate, <em>cum laude</em>, in 1946 while a research assistant at the Kapteyn Astronomical Laboratory in Groningen. His thesis, titled Scorpio-Centaurus Cluster, was a study of young stars moving together through the galaxy and was supervised by Pieter J. van Rhijn.</p> <p>In 1945 Blaauw was appointed “conservator” at the Leiden Observatory then became an associate professor at the observatory three years later. In 1953 he received an appointment at the Yerkes and McDonald Observatories in the United States and became Associate Director of that institute in 1956.</p> <p dir="ltr">Blaauw returned to Europe the following year, when he became director of the Kapteyn Astronomical Institute in Groningen. Between 1958 and 1965, he was secretary of the Netherlands Foundation for Radio Astronomy, which operated the radio telescope in Dwingeloo and prepared the construction of the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope. It was during this period that he played a key role in the preparation and building of the European Southern Observatory (ESO). Between 1964 and 1968 Blaauw was also the Dean of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences in Groningen.</p> <p dir="ltr">Blaauw’s main research interests were in galactic structure and in star formation, in particular in the properties of the young O and B-type stars which occur in loose groups (associations), and are now recognised as the fossil record of star formation. Blaauw’s contributions include directly confirming the young ages of many bright, hot stars in clusters and, famously, his conclusion that fast-moving “runaway” O or B type stars might have gained their high velocity when a former companion exploded as a supernova.</p> <p dir="ltr">In 1968 Blaauw became the Scientific Director of ESO, and subsequently served as its second Director General from 1970 until 1974. During his time at ESO the organisation grew and stabilised, with several telescopes including the ESO 0.5-metre and the ESO 1-metre Schmidt telescopes becoming operational at the La Silla Observatory. Much work was done on the design and construction of the ESO 3.6-metre telescope, which saw first light in 1976. Shortly after taking duty, Blaauw decided to move ESO’s Headquarters and Technical Department from Hamburg, Germany to Geneva, Switzerland. This move took advantage of the experienced CERN engineering group, and helped realise the ESO 3.6-metre telescope. After leaving ESO, Blaauw returned to Leiden Observatory, as professor of astronomy.</p> <p dir="ltr">During his time at ESO, Blaauw was instrumental in the creation of the journal <em>Astronomy and Astrophysics</em>, and he was the first chair of its Board of Directors. He held this position from 1968 until 1979.</p> <p dir="ltr">Following his tenure at ESO, Blaauw continued to contribute his leadership to the astronomical community. From 1976 until 1979 Blaauw served as President of the International Astronomical Union (IAU) and used his considerable diplomatic skills to negotiate the return of China to the IAU, which had left the organisation in 1961. He also chaired the HIPPARCOS observing programme selection committee for the European Space Agency (ESA) from 1982 to 1989.</p> <p dir="ltr">Blaauw returned to the Kapteyn Institute after retiring in 1981 but stayed active in research on the properties of young stellar groups and of the “runaway” stars. He organized the historical archives of ESO and of the IAU, work that resulted in the publication of two books, <em>ESO’s Early History and History of the IAU</em>. In this period, he gave numerous interviews and talks on the history of Dutch and worldwide astronomy and published an very informative and eminently readable autobiography entitled <em>My Cruise Through the World of Astronomy in the 2004 Annual Reviews of Astronomy and Astrophysics</em>.</p> <p dir="ltr">For his contributions to Dutch astronomy and to society, Blaauw was made a Knight in the Order of the Dutch Lion, and a member of the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences, as well as of various foreign academies. He was also awarded the Bruce Medal of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific.</p> <p dir="ltr">Blaauw married Alida Henderika van Muijlwijk. The couple had one son and three daughters.</p> <p dir="ltr">Adriaan Blaauw died in Groningen, the Netherlands, on 1 December 2010.</p> <p dir="ltr">A detailed CV is below.</p> <hr/> <h2 dir="ltr">Prof. Adriaan Blaauw</h2> <p dir="ltr">Born in Amsterdam, the Netherlands in 1914; Dutch nationality.</p> <p dir="ltr">Died in Groningen, the Netherlands in 2010.</p> <h3 dir="ltr">Education:</h3> <ul> <li>PhD in Astronomy, Kapteyn Laboratory, Groningen, the Netherlands (1946)</li> <li>Master’s Degree, University of Leiden, the Netherlands</li> <li>Bachelor’s Degree, University of Leiden, the Netherlands</li> <li>Amsterdam Lyceum, Amsterdam, the Netherlands</li> </ul> <h3 dir="ltr">Professional Activities:</h3> <ul> <li dir="ltr"> 1938–1945: Assistant, Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, Groningen, the Netherlands</li> <li dir="ltr">1948–1953: Associate Professor, Leiden University, the Netherlands </li> <li dir="ltr">1953–1957: Associate Professor, University of Chicago, USA </li> <li dir="ltr">1957–1969: Professor, University of Groningen; Director, Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, Groningen, the Netherlands </li> <li dir="ltr">1970–1974: Director General of ESO </li> <li dir="ltr">1975–1981: Professor, Leiden University, the Netherlands </li> <li dir="ltr">1976–1979: President of the International Astronomical Union </li> <li dir="ltr">1981–2010: Guest Investigator, University of Groningen, the Netherlands</li> </ul> <p dir="ltr"><strong>Research:</strong> Star formation, OB associations, galactic structure.</p> <p dir="ltr"><strong>Publications:</strong> authored and co-authored approximately 60 refereed papers and many other contributions and book, including a number of historical studies.</p> <h3 dir="ltr">Memberships:</h3> <ul> <li dir="ltr"> Elected member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1963.</li> <li dir="ltr">Elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1973. </li> <li dir="ltr">Elected member of several national academies, commissions and committees.</li> </ul> <h3 dir="ltr">Other Affiliations and Honours:</h3> <ul> <li dir="ltr"> Asteroid designated 2145 Blaauw, International Astronomical Union, 1976</li> <li dir="ltr">Bruce Medal, Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 1989 </li> <li dir="ltr">Honorary Doctorate, University of Besancon, 1961 </li> <li dir="ltr">Honorary Doctorate, l’Observatoire de Paris, 2004 </li> <li dir="ltr">Blaauw chair and Blaauw lecture, University of Groningen, 1997 </li> <li dir="ltr">Knight, Order of the Dutch Lion </li> <li dir="ltr">The Blaauw Observatory, University of Groningen, 2008</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="row footernote"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200926190014/mailto:information@eso.org">Send us your comments!</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/newsletters/esonews/">Subscribe to receive news from ESO in your language</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200926190014/https://www.cdn77.com/">Accelerated by CDN77</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="/web/20200926190014/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/privacy/">Terms & Conditions</a> </div> </div> <link href="/web/20200926190014cs_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/djp/css/extras.166b25c68b97.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <script type="text/javascript">var MEDIA_URL = "/public/archives/"</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20200926190014js_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/djp/js/main.639874028f2b.js" charset="utf-8"></script> </div>  <div id="social-share" class="hidden-print"> <div class="link facebook" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on Facebook"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200926190014/https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/ablaauw/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link twitter" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on Twitter"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200926190014/http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/ablaauw/&text=Prof. Adriaan Blaauw&via=ESO" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link pinterest" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on Pinterest"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200926190014/http://pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/ablaauw/&media=&description=Prof. Adriaan Blaauw" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-pinterest" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link print" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Print"> <a href="javascript:window.print()" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-print" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link email" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share by email"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200926190014/mailto:%20?subject=ESO — Prof. Adriaan Blaauw&body=https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dg-office/ablaauw/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-envelope-o" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> </div> <script> $('[data-toggle="tooltip"]').tooltip(); 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