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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Jeug_jare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jeug_jare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Jeug jare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jeug_jare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vertrek_uit_Pole" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vertrek_uit_Pole"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Vertrek uit Pole</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vertrek_uit_Pole-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belangstellings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belangstellings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Belangstellings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belangstellings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Volkslagting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Volkslagting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Volkslagting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Volkslagting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postmodernisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postmodernisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Postmodernisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postmodernisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moderne_vloeibare_tyd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moderne_vloeibare_tyd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Moderne vloeibare tyd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moderne_vloeibare_tyd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oorlede" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oorlede"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Oorlede</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oorlede-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pryse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pryse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Pryse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pryse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kritiek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kritiek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Kritiek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kritiek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Werke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Werke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Werke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Werke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Zygmunt Bauman</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 53 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زيجمونت بومان – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زيجمونت بومان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زيجمونت بومان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="زيجمونت بومان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziqmunt_Bauman" title="Ziqmunt Bauman – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ziqmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Зыгмунт Баўман – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Зыгмунт Баўман" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Зыгмунт Баўман – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Зыгмунт Баўман" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Зигмунт Бауман – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Зигмунт Бауман" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CE%AF%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD" title="Ζίγκμουντ Μπάουμαν – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζίγκμουντ Μπάουμαν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86" title="زیگمونت باومن – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زیگمونت باومن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%99%D7%92%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9F" title="זיגמונט באומן – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זיגמונט באומן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A0%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%90%E3%82%A6%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3" title="ジグムント・バウマン – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジグムント・バウマン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B7%B8%EB%AC%B8%ED%8A%B8_%EB%B0%94%EC%9A%B0%EB%A7%8C" title="지그문트 바우만 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지그문트 바우만" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigismundus_Bauman" title="Sigismundus Bauman – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sigismundus Bauman" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigmunds_Baumans" title="Zigmunds Baumans – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zigmunds Baumans" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Зигмунт Бауман – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Зигмунт Бауман" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਜ਼ਿਗਮੁੰਤ ਬਾਓਮਨ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜ਼ਿਗਮੁੰਤ ਬਾਓਮਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Бауман, Зигмунт – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бауман, Зигмунт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Зигмунт Бауман – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Зигмунт Бауман" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Зигмунт Бауман – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зигмунт Бауман" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%B2%8D%E6%9B%BC" title="齐格蒙特·鲍曼 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="齐格蒙特·鲍曼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Zygmunt Bauman" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q158092#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Zygmunt_Bauman" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander 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href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" 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<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Zygmunt_Bauman" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="'n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&oldid=2569669" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Zygmunt_Bauman&id=2569669&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FZygmunt_Bauman"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FZygmunt_Bauman"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Zygmunt+Bauman"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Zygmunt_Bauman&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Zygmunt_Bauman" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q158092" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em; font-size: 85%; text-align: left;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: larger; text-align: center;"><b>Zygmunt Bauman</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Zigmunt_Bauman_na_20_Forumi_vydavciv(Cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Zigmunt_Bauman_na_20_Forumi_vydavciv%28Cropped%29.jpg/214px-Zigmunt_Bauman_na_20_Forumi_vydavciv%28Cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Zigmunt_Bauman_na_20_Forumi_vydavciv%28Cropped%29.jpg/321px-Zigmunt_Bauman_na_20_Forumi_vydavciv%28Cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Zigmunt_Bauman_na_20_Forumi_vydavciv%28Cropped%29.jpg/428px-Zigmunt_Bauman_na_20_Forumi_vydavciv%28Cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="934" data-file-height="1320" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div style="line-height:12px;font-size: 85%;">Zygmunt Bauman in 2014</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;">Gebore </th> <td><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1925-11-19</span>)</span>19 November 1925<br /><a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pole" title="Pole">Pole</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;">Oorlede </th> <td>9 Januarie 2017 (op 91)<br /><a href="/wiki/Lees" title="Lees">Lees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engeland" title="Engeland">Engeland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;">Nasionaliteit </th> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Poland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Pole"><img alt="Vlag van Pole" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Pole" title="Pole">Pole</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;">Vakgebied </th> <td>Etiek, politieke filosofie, sosiologie, postmoderniteit </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;">Alma mater </th> <td>Universiteit van Warskou<br />London School of Economics </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;">Bekend vir </th> <td>Moderniteit se stryd met dubbelsinnigheid </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;">Beïnvloed deur </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>, Georg Simmel, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Antonio Gramsci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Hannah Arendt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Adorno" title="Theodor Adorno">Theodor Adorno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida">Jacques Derrida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alain_Touraine" title="Alain Touraine">Alain Touraine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;">Invloed op </th> <td>Peter Beilharz, Keith Tester </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Zygmunt Bauman</b> (<a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a>, 19 November 1925 – <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a>, 9 Januarie 2017) was 'n Pools-Britse <a href="/wiki/Sosioloog" class="mw-redirect" title="Sosioloog">sosioloog</a> en <a href="/wiki/Filosoof" class="mw-redirect" title="Filosoof">filosoof</a> van Joodse afkoms. In die 1980's het hy bekendheid verwerf met sy boeke oor die moderniteit. Bauman was 'n professor in sosiologie aan die Universiteit van Warskou, die Universiteit van Tel Aviv en die Universiteit van Leeds. Hy was ook besoekende professor aan die Universiteit van Berkeley, Yale Universiteit, Canberra, St John's en die Universiteit van Kopenhagen. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jeug_jare">Jeug jare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Jeug jare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Jeug jare"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bauman is in 'n <a href="/wiki/Jood" class="mw-redirect" title="Jood">Joodse</a> familie in <a href="/wiki/Pole" title="Pole">Pole</a> gebore wat nie die Joodse geloof beoefen het nie. Toe <a href="/wiki/Nazi-Duitsland" title="Nazi-Duitsland">Nazi-Duitsland</a> in 1939 Pole binnegeval het, het die gesin na die <a href="/wiki/Sowjetunie" title="Sowjetunie">Sowjetunie</a> gevlug. Bauman het teen die einde van die <a href="/wiki/Tweede_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Tweede Wêreldoorlog">Tweede Wêreldoorlog</a> in die Poolse Weermag dien en het die verdrywing van die Nazi's meegemaak. Na die oorlog studeer hy sosiologie aan die Universiteit van Warskou. In 1954 doseer hy aan dieselfde universiteit. As deel van sy werk het hy gereeld die <a href="/wiki/Weste" title="Weste">Weste</a> besoek. Tydens sy verblyf aan die Londense Skool vir Ekonomie berei hy sy <a href="/wiki/Proefskrif" class="mw-redirect" title="Proefskrif">proefskrif</a> (1959) voor, met die tema "Britse sosialisme". </p><p>Ná sy proefskrif het Bauman meer dikwels werke gepubliseer. Sy eerste boek vir 'n wye gehoor verskyn in 1964 naamlik "Sosiologie vir die alledaagse lewe". Bauman is destyds nog 'n oortuigde kommunis, maar sy idees word al hoe meer liberaal. Hy word beïnvloed deur liberale denke deur sy besoeke aan die Weste en die kennismaking met werke van <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Antonio Gramsci</a> en Georg Simmel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vertrek_uit_Pole">Vertrek uit Pole</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Vertrek uit Pole" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Vertrek uit Pole"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1967 het die <a href="/wiki/Antisemitisme" title="Antisemitisme">antisemitisme</a> in Pole herleef, aangemoedig en gestimuleer deur die kommunistiese regime. Vanaf die einde van die Tweede Wêreldoorlog tot 1967 was antisemitisme latent aanwesig in Pole. Hierdie dormante antisemitisme is op slinkse wyse deur die regime gemanipuleer en het in 1967 na vore gekom om sodoende in 1968 tot die Poolse Politieke Krisis te lei. Dit verdryf verreweg die meeste van die oorblywende Jode uit Pole. Voor die Tweede Wêreldoorlog het Pole 3,3 miljoen Joodse inwoners gehad, 40 000 na die oorlog en 5 000 na 1968. As gevolg van die Poolse Krisis verloor Bauman sy leerstoel by die universiteit. Hy vertrek na <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> waar hy aan die Universiteit van Tel Aviv doseer. In 1971 word hy aangestel by die Universiteit van Leeds, waar hy tot 1990 sou bly. Sedert sy aanstelling in Leeds publiseer Bauman hoofsaaklik in <a href="/wiki/Engels" title="Engels">Engels</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Belangstellings">Belangstellings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Belangstellings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Belangstellings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bauman is aanvanklik hoofsaaklik geïnteresseerd in die stratifikasie van die samelewing. Hoe ontstaan hoër en laer klasse? En wat hou dit in stand? Die werkersbeweging interesseer hom ook – in watter mate bevry die beweging die werkers of hou hierdie beweging die verdeling in die samelewing in stand? Van stratifikasie en emansipasie van laer klasse verskuif sy belangstelling meer na <a href="/wiki/Globalisering" title="Globalisering">globalisering</a> en moderniteit. Toe hy nog 'n akademikus in Pole was, het Bauman die geskiedenis van die sosialistiese party van <a href="/wiki/Engeland" title="Engeland">Engeland</a> bestudeer. Hy het ook bygedra tot die formulering van 'n sogenaamde humanistiese en revisionistiese Marxisme. Hy het dit hoofsaaklik onder die invloed van die Italiaanse filosoof Antonio Gramsci gedoen. Veral sy werk, <i>Prison Notebooks</i>, het in sy vroeë jare 'n groot invloed op Bauman se denke gehad. Bauman skenk ook baie aandag aan etiese kwessies in sy werk. Hier kan die invloed van die filosoof <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Levinas" title="Emmanuel Levinas">Emmanuel Levinas</a> duidelik gesien word. Bauman bestee ook baie aandag aan die rol van utopieë en die rol van intellektuele in <a href="/wiki/Samelewing" title="Samelewing">samelewings</a> en <a href="/wiki/Politiek" title="Politiek">politiek</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Volkslagting">Volkslagting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Volkslagting" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Volkslagting"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die tydperk rondom sy aftrede en daarna, is Bauman se mees produktiewe tyd. Hy neem hom die vrymoedigheid aan om te publiseer wat hy wil. In 1989 is 'n boek gepubliseer wat hom onder die aandag van wetenskaplike kringe gebring het: Die moderne era en die <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a> (Moderniteit en die Holocaust). In hierdie boek wonder Bauman hoe mense so min mense leer van die <a href="/wiki/Sjoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjoa">Sjoa</a> (Holocaust). Sy gevolgtrekking is: "Omdat ons die Holocaust buite die normale gang van die geskiedenis geplaas het." Die Holocaust word gesien as 'n abnormaliteit, iets wat nie by die mens pas nie. Die Holocaust word dus as 'n unieke gebeurtenis beskou en derhalwe op 'n syspoor geplaas. As ons daarna kyk, is dit soos 'n afwyking, en nie iets 'natuurlik' waaruit jy kan leer nie. "Want so iets gebeur een keer, maar nooit weer nie." Op hierdie manier troos die Westerse mens sy gewete: 'Dit was 'n eenmalige gekheid wat nooit weer sal plaasvind nie'. Hierdie posisie bied ook voordele vir die Jode. Hulle is die slagoffers van die mees verskriklike ding wat ooit met 'n volk kan gebeur. Bauman betwis dit en wys op die <a href="/wiki/Volksmoord" title="Volksmoord">volksmoorde</a> elders in die wêreld. Wat die Holocaust van ander volksmoorde onderskei, is die burokrasie wat die Holocaust vergesel het. Maar dit beteken nie dat die Holocaust uniek was nie. Die drang om afwykende mense onskadelik te maak, is inherent in die mens self. Dit is presies waarom ons meer van die Holocaust moes leer. </p> <table cellpadding="10" style="border-collapse:collapse; background-color: var(--background-color-base); color:var( --color-base ) border-style:none;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Cquote1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Cquote1.svg/20px-Cquote1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Cquote1.svg/30px-Cquote1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Cquote1.svg/40px-Cquote1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="30" /></a></span> </td> <td>Die moderne era was 'n reis na perfeksie. Om dieselfde redes was die moderne era ook 'n era van vernietiging. <p>— Zygmunt Bauman<br /> </p> </td> <td valign="bottom"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Cquote2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Cquote2.svg/20px-Cquote2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Cquote2.svg/30px-Cquote2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Cquote2.svg/40px-Cquote2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="30" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Postmodernisme">Postmodernisme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Postmodernisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Postmodernisme"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sedert 1987 het Bauman gepubliseer oor <a href="/wiki/Postmodernisme" title="Postmodernisme">postmodernisme</a>. Hy vertel van 'n wêreld wat deur <a href="/wiki/Ekonomie" title="Ekonomie">ekonomiese</a> gewin gedryf word, waarin die mens van ondergeskikte belang is. In sy boek, <i>Wasted Lives</i> (subtitel: <i>Modernity and Its Outcasts</i>), beskryf Bauman hoe elke hoek van die wêreld deur <a href="/wiki/Globalisering" title="Globalisering">globalisering</a> beïnvloed word. Deur middel van toenemende <a href="/wiki/Kommunikasie" title="Kommunikasie">kommunikasie</a> kan almal die lewe (en soms die luukse) in ander dele van die wêreld leer ken. Aan die een kant bring dit migrasie van die Suide na die Noorde en van die Ooste na die Weste, maar in die meer ontwikkelde lande sien ons ook dat proteksionisme ontstaan: die ontwikkelde lande verdedig hul eie stelsel. Mense wat nie in die "vaart" van volke kan saamkom nie, lei 'n "vermorsde lewe". Bauman skets nie 'n optimistiese prentjie nie, volgens hom is die <a href="/wiki/Politiek" title="Politiek">politiek</a> – wat plaaslik georganiseer word – nie in staat om ekonomiese globale magte in ander weë te lei nie. Hierdie tema word weerspieël in sy boek oor globalisering en in baie ander werke. Volgens Bauman is die politiek plaaslik geanker terwyl die mag geglobaliseer word. Dit veroorsaak probleme. Politiek kan nie meer oplossings vir die globale probleme bied nie. In sy boek <i>Liquid Fear</i> beweer Bauman dat as gevolg van hierdie teenstrydigheid tussen politiek en mag, 'n <a href="/wiki/Kultuur" title="Kultuur">kultuur</a> van vrees onder die bevolking ontstaan het. Die gewone mense is bewus daarvan dat politici nie meer voldoende antwoorde op die globale probleme het nie en uiteindelik in 'n toestand van onsekerheid en vrees beland. Hierdie vrees spruit voort uit vrees vir die vreemde, en op hierdie manier lei dit selfs tot <a href="/wiki/Rassisme" title="Rassisme">rassisme</a>. Die vrees lei ook tot die opkoms van die sogenaamde veilige woonbuurte. Dit is gemeenskappe waarin mense hulself van die samelewing skei met die doel om enige eksterne bedreiging te vermy. </p><p>Sy biograaf Dennis Smith beskryf hom in 1999 as 'n profeet van die postmodernisme. Vanaf 2000 sou hy egter toenemend krities word teenoor die postmodernisme en die invloed daarvan op die samelewing. Vanaf 2000 praat hy dan nog ook oor die moderne vloeibare samelewing. Hoe dit met postmodernisme verband hou, is soms nie heeltemal duidelik nie. Wat duidelik is, is dat Bauman al hoe meer pessimisties word oor die lewe in die moderne vloeibare samelewing. Die ekonomiese ongelykheid op nasionale en wêreldvlak bly ook toeneem. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Moderne_vloeibare_tyd">Moderne vloeibare tyd</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Moderne vloeibare tyd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Moderne vloeibare tyd"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In die vroeë jare van die <a href="/wiki/21ste_eeu" title="21ste eeu">21ste eeu</a> fokus Bauman op die bestudering en beskrywing van moderne vloeibare tyd en moderne vloeibare samelewing. Dit is die geval, veral sedert die publikasie van <i>Liquid Modernity</i> in 2000. In <i>Liquid Love</i> beskryf Bauman die toestand van interpersoonlike verhoudings en die toestand van liefde in die moderne vloeibare samelewing. Sy analise is pessimisties. Menslike verhoudings het baie broos en verganklik geword. Selfs familiebande lyk nie of hulle in die moderne vloeibare samelewing op die stabiliteit van die verlede kan reken nie. <a href="/wiki/Huwelik" title="Huwelik">Huwelike</a> gaan grootliks ten gronde en verhoudings word makliker verbreek as geskep. Kenmerkend van die moderne vloeibare samelewing is die gemak waarmee verhoudings beëindig word. Mense word as ware weggedoen as weggooibare produkte wat in die huishoudelike afval geplaas word wanneer die minste verhoudingsprobleme hul voordoen. Daar is skaars enige poging om verhoudings te red in geval van probleme. Daar is skaars enige poging om verhoudings te red in geval van probleme. Die boek <i>Liquid Life</i> is in groot mate 'n uitbreiding van <i>Liquid Love</i>. In hierdie boek ondersoek Bauman onder meer die verskynsel van spoeduitgaan (<i>speeddating</i>). Hy gee ook baie aandag aan die toestand van die arbeidsmark en die toename in buigsame werk. Hierdie ontledings is nou verwant aan die werk van die Amerikaanse sosioloog Richard Sennett, wat ook omvattend deur Bauman aangehaal word. Hierdie buigsaamheid wat verband hou met onsekerheid is volgens Zygmunt Bauman simptomaties van die moderne vloeibare tyd. <i>Liquid Times</i> vanaf 2007 is 'n soort opsomming van die werk op die moderne vloeibare samelewing. In <i>Consuming Life</i> word die verbruikersgemeenskap vanuit die moderne vloeibare samelewing beskou.Belgiese kulturele wetenskaplike Christophe Andrades het gefokus op die verdere ontleding van hierdie Baumaniese analise van die Westerse samelewing aan die begin van die 21ste eeu. </p><p>Bauman konsentreer in sy werk toenemend daarop om die alledaagse kulturele verskynsels uit die hedendaagse samelewing te beskryf. Hy skryf in die boek <i>Does Ethics Have a Chance in a World of Consumers?</i> oor aanlynuitgaan (<i>online dating</i>), <a href="/wiki/Blog" class="mw-redirect" title="Blog">blog</a> en populêre televisieprogramme soos <i>The Weakest Link</i> en <i>Big Brother</i>. </p><p>Die konsep van moderne vloeibare samelewing is deur ander denkers oorgeneem. Die Amerikaanse sosioloog Moris Berman gebruik die konsep van moderne vloeibare samelewing om die Amerikaanse samelewing aan die begin van die 21ste eeu te beskryf. Nederlandse media-wetenskaplike Mark Deuze het die konsep van vloeibare joernalistiek ontwikkel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oorlede">Oorlede</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Oorlede" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Oorlede"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zygmunt Bauman sterf in 2017 op 91 in sy huis in Leeds, Engeland. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pryse">Pryse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Pryse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Pryse"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bauman het in 1992 vir sy werk die Europese Amalfi-prys vir Sosiologie en Sosiale Wetenskappe en die Theodor W. Adorno-prys in 1998 ontvang. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kritiek">Kritiek</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Kritiek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Kritiek"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Baie ontleders van die werke van Zygmunt Bauman dui op die essayistiese en fragmentariese karakter van sy latere boeke oor die moderne vloeibare samelewing. Volgens hulle is hierdie styl nie wetenskaplik nie en daarom ontbreek hierdie boeke 'n objektiewe basis. Bauman self skryf egter in die inleidings tot sy boeke dat dit nie sy bedoeling is om heeltemal voltooide boeke aan te bied nie. Hy beskou dit as sy taak om te deel hoe dit voel om in 'n moderne vloeibare samelewing te leef. Daarbenewens verwys hy ook soms na sy ouderdom en beweer dat hy dus vinniger moet skryf om sy boeke betyds te kan voltooi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Werke">Werke</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Werke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Werke"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1959: <i>British Socialism</i></li> <li>1960: <i>Class, Movement, Elite: A Sociological Study on the History of the British Labour Movement</i></li> <li>1961: <i>Questions of Modern American Sociology</i></li> <li>1962: <i>The Party Systems of Modern Capitalism</i></li> <li>1962: <i>The Society We Live In</i></li> <li>1962: <i>Outline of Sociology. Questions and Concepts</i></li> <li>1964: <i>Outline of the Marxist Theory of Society</i></li> <li>1964: <i>Sociology for Everyday Life.</i></li> <li>1965: <i>Visions of a Human World: Studies on the social genesis and the function of sociology</i></li> <li>1966: <i>Culture and Society, Preliminaries</i></li> <li>1972: <i>Between Class and Elite. The Evolution of the British Labour Movement. A Sociological Study</i></li> <li>1973: <i>Culture as Praxis</i></li> <li>1976: <i>Socialism: The Active Utopia</i></li> <li>1976: <i>Towards a Critical Sociology: An Essay on Common-Sense and Emancipation.</i></li> <li>1978: <i>Hermeneutics and Social Science: Approaches to Understanding</i></li> <li>1982: <i>Memories of Class: The Pre-history and After-life of Class</i></li> <li>1985 <i>Stalin and the peasant revolution: a case study in the dialectics of master and slave</i></li> <li>1987: <i>Legislators and interpreters – On Modernity, Post-Modernity, Intellectuals</i></li> <li>1988: <i>Freedom</i></li> <li>1989: <i>Modernity and The Holocaust</i></li> <li>1990: <i>Paradoxes of Assimilation</i></li> <li>1990: <i>Thinking Sociologically. An introduction for Everyone</i></li> <li>1991: <i>Modernity and Ambivalence</i></li> <li>1992: <i>Intimations of Postmodernity</i></li> <li>1992: <i>Mortality, Immortality and Other Life Strategies</i></li> <li>1993: <i>Postmodern Ethics</i></li> <li>1995: <i>Life in Fragments. Essays in Postmodern Morality</i></li> <li>1996: <i>Alone Again – Ethics After Certainty</i></li> <li>1997: <i>Postmodernity and its discontents</i></li> <li>1998: <i>Work, consumerism and the new poor</i></li> <li>1998: <i>Globalization: The Human Consequences</i></li> <li>1999: <i>In Search of Politics</i></li> <li>2000: <i>Liquid Modernity</i></li> <li>2001: <i>Community. Seeking Safety in an Insecure World</i></li> <li>2001: <i>The Individualized Society</i></li> <li>2001: <i>Conversations with Zygmunt Bauman</i></li> <li>2002: <i>Society Under Siege</i></li> <li>2003: <i>Liquid Love: On the Frailty of Human Bonds</i></li> <li>2003: <i>City of fears, city of hopes</i></li> <li>2004: <i>Wasted Lives. Modernity and its Outcasts</i></li> <li>2004: <i>Europe: An Unfinished Adventure</i></li> <li>2004: <i>Identity: Conversations with Benedetto Vecchi</i></li> <li>2005: <i>Liquid Life</i></li> <li>2006: <i>Liquid Fear</i></li> <li>2007: <i>Liquid Times: Living in an Age of Uncertainty</i></li> <li>2007: <i>Consuming Life</i></li> <li>2008: <i>Does Ethic Have a Chance in a World of Consumers?</i></li> <li>2008: <i>The Art of Life</i></li> <li>2011: <i>Collateral Damage</i></li> <li>2012: <i>The End of The World</i></li> <li>2012: (met David Lyon) <i>Liquid Surveillance: A Conversation.</i></li> <li>2013: (met Leonidas Donskis) <i>Moral Blindness: The Loss of Sensitivity in Liquid Modernity.</i></li> <li>2013: (met Stanisław Obirek) <i>O bogu i człowieku. Rozmowy. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie.</i> Vertaal in Engels as: <i>Of God and Man</i>.</li> <li>2013: (met Michael Hviid Jacobsen en Keith Tester) <i>What use is sociology? Conversations with Michael Hviid Jacobsen and Keith Tester.</i></li> <li>2013: <i>Does the Richness of the Few Benefit Us All?</i></li> <li>2014: (met Carlo Bordoni) <i>State of Crisis.</i></li> <li>2015: (met Rein Raud) <i>Practices of Selfhood.</i></li> <li>2015: (met Irena Bauman, Jerzy Kociatkiewicz, en Monika Kostera) <i>Management in a Liquid Modern World.</i></li> <li>2016: (met Leonidas Donskis) <i>Liquid Evil.</i></li> <li>2016: (met Ezio Mauro) <i>Babel</i>.</li> <li>2016: <i>Strangers at Our Door.</i></li> <li>2017: <i>Retrotopia.</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikimedia Commons logo"><img alt="Wikimedia Commons logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> het meer media in die kategorie <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Zygmunt_Bauman" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Zygmunt Bauman">Zygmunt Bauman</a>.</li></ul> <table class="toccolours" style="text-align: left; width: 100%; font-size: 85%; clear:both; margin: 0em 0em -0.5em; padding: .5em 1em; vertical-align: middle;"> <tbody><tr> <td>Hierdie artikel is in sy geheel of gedeeltelik vanuit die <span class="plainlinks"></span><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" class="extiw" title="nl:Zygmunt Bauman">Nederlandse Wikipedia</a> vertaal. </td> <td width="20"><div style="position: relative; width: 20px; height: 20px; overflow: hidden"> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 100px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 100px; z-index: 3"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Vertaalvanaf/info" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjabloon:Vertaalvanaf/info"><span title="Klik vir info oor hierdie sjabloon.">   </span></a></div> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Crystal_txt.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Klik vir info oor hierdie sjabloon."><img alt="Klik vir info oor hierdie sjabloon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Crystal_txt.png/20px-Crystal_txt.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Crystal_txt.png/30px-Crystal_txt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Crystal_txt.png/40px-Crystal_txt.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kontinentale_filosofie" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Kontinentale_filosofie" title="Sjabloon:Kontinentale filosofie"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; 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Adorno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Agamben" title="Giorgio Agamben">Giorgio Agamben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Althusser" title="Louis Althusser">Louis Althusser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Hannah Arendt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Bachelard" title="Gaston Bachelard">Gaston Bachelard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou">Alain Badiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Barthes" title="Roland Barthes">Roland Barthes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bataille" title="Georges Bataille">Georges Bataille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baudrillard" title="Jean Baudrillard">Jean Baudrillard</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zygmunt Bauman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Benjamin" title="Walter Benjamin">Walter Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">Simone de Beauvoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Bergson" title="Henri Bergson">Henri Bergson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Blanchot" title="Maurice Blanchot">Maurice Blanchot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bourdieu" title="Pierre Bourdieu">Pierre Bourdieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Brown" title="Wendy Brown">Wendy Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Buber" title="Martin Buber">Martin Buber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Butler" title="Judith Butler">Judith Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Albert Camus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Cassirer" title="Ernst Cassirer">Ernst Cassirer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Castoriadis" title="Cornelius Castoriadis">Cornelius Castoriadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Cioran" title="Emil Cioran">Emil Cioran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Guy Debord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Deleuze" title="Gilles Deleuze">Gilles Deleuze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida">Jacques Derrida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Dilthey" title="Wilhelm Dilthey">Wilhelm Dilthey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Dreyfus" title="Hubert Dreyfus">Hubert L. Dreyfus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Eco" title="Umberto Eco">Umberto Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Eagleton" title="Terry Eagleton">Terry Eagleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frantz_Fanon" title="Frantz Fanon">Frantz Fanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Johann Gottlieb Fichte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Michel Foucault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Georg_Gadamer" title="Hans-Georg Gadamer">Hans-Georg Gadamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Guattari" title="Félix Guattari">Félix Guattari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Antonio Gramsci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Jürgen Habermas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger" title="Martin Heidegger">Martin Heidegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Husserl" title="Edmund Husserl">Edmund Husserl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Ingarden" title="Roman Ingarden">Roman Ingarden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luce_Irigaray" title="Luce Irigaray">Luce Irigaray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredric_Jameson" title="Fredric Jameson">Fredric Jameson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Jaspers" title="Karl Jaspers">Karl Jaspers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Kaufmann" title="Walter Kaufmann">Walter Kaufmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Søren Kierkegaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Klossowski" title="Pierre Klossowski">Pierre Klossowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Koj%C3%A8ve" title="Alexandre Kojève">Alexandre Kojève</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Koyr%C3%A9" title="Alexandre Koyré">Alexandre Koyré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leszek_Ko%C5%82akowski" title="Leszek Kołakowski">Leszek Kołakowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Kristeva" title="Julia Kristeva">Julia Kristeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Lacan" title="Jacques Lacan">Jacques Lacan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Laruelle" title="François Laruelle">François Laruelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Lefebvre" title="Henri Lefebvre">Henri Lefebvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_L%C3%A9vi-Strauss" title="Claude Lévi-Strauss">Claude Lévi-Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Levinas" title="Emmanuel Levinas">Emmanuel Levinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niklas_Luhmann" title="Niklas Luhmann">Niklas Luhmann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gy%C3%B6rgy_Luk%C3%A1cs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="György Lukács (bladsy bestaan nie)">György Lukács</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lyotard" title="Jean-François Lyotard">Jean-François Lyotard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Marcel" title="Gabriel Marcel">Gabriel Marcel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Herbert Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Meillassoux" title="Quentin Meillassoux">Quentin Meillassoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Merleau-Ponty" title="Maurice Merleau-Ponty">Maurice Merleau-Ponty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Negri" title="Antonio Negri">Antonio Negri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Ortega_y_Gasset&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Ortega y Gasset (bladsy bestaan nie)">José Ortega y Gasset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ric%C5%93ur" title="Paul Ricœur">Paul Ricœur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Said" title="Edward Said">Edward Said</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schelling" title="Friedrich Schelling">Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schmitt" title="Carl Schmitt">Carl Schmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Arthur Schopenhauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Serres" title="Michel Serres">Michel Serres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Simondon" title="Gilbert Simondon">Gilbert Simondon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sloterdijk" title="Peter Sloterdijk">Peter Sloterdijk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Leo Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Williams" title="Raymond Williams">Raymond Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek">Slavoj Žižek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Teorieë</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absurdisme" title="Absurdisme">Absurdisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kritiese_teorie" title="Kritiese teorie">Kritiese teorie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dekonstruksie" title="Dekonstruksie">Dekonstruksie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eksistensialisme" title="Eksistensialisme">Eksistensialisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Skool" title="Frankfurt Skool">Frankfurt Skool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duitse_idealisme" title="Duitse idealisme">Duitse idealisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeneutiek" title="Hermeneutiek">Hermeneutiek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Kantianisme" title="Neo-Kantianisme">Neo-Kantianisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nie-filosofie" title="Nie-filosofie">Nie-filosofie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenomenologie" title="Fenomenologie">Fenomenologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posthumanisme" title="Posthumanisme">Posthumanisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernisme" title="Postmodernisme">Postmodernisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-postmodernisme" title="Post-postmodernisme">Post-postmodernisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poststrukturalisme" title="Poststrukturalisme">Poststrukturalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psigoanalitiese_teorie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psigoanalitiese teorie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Psigoanalitiese teorie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantiek" title="Romantiek">Romantiek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosiale_konstruksionisme" title="Sosiale konstruksionisme">Sosiale konstruksionisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spekulatiewe_realisme" title="Spekulatiewe realisme">Spekulatiewe realisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strukturalisme" title="Strukturalisme">Strukturalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westerse_Marxisme" title="Westerse Marxisme">Westerse Marxisme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Konsepte</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ander_(filosofie)" title="Ander (filosofie)">Ander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angs" title="Angs">Angs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Outentisiteit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Outentisiteit (bladsy bestaan nie)">Outentisiteit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Atre-en-soi" title="Être-en-soi">Être-en-soi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verveling" title="Verveling">Verveling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasein" title="Dasein">Dasein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diff%C3%A9rance" title="Différance">Différance</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Differensie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Differensie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Differensie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eksistensi%C3%ABle_krisis" title="Eksistensiële 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title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158092" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bibsys" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibsys">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90103235">90103235</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Chile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Chile (bladsy bestaan nie)">BNC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000210632">000210632</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1722526">XX1722526</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12245850k">cb12245850k</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12245850k">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Name_and_Title_Authority_File_of_Catalonia" title="Name and Title Authority File of Catalonia">CANTIC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cantic.bnc.cat/registres/CUCId/a10840461">a10840461</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01756126?l=en">DA01756126</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119486504">119486504</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IMDb" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb">IMDb</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=345&url_prefix=https://www.imdb.com/&id=nm8659676">nm8659676</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000121327983">0000 0001 2132 7983</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50005444">n50005444</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Latvia">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000010478&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000010478</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00462930">00462930</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000600669&CON_LNG=ENG">jn20000600669</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Australia">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35015363">35015363</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Greece">NLG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/Authority/Record?id=au.71203">71203</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Israel">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000247732&local_base=nlx10">000247732</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Korea">NLK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nl.go.kr/authorities/resource/KAC200204409">KAC200204409</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="error">The NLP id a0000001178196 is not valid.</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_and_University_Library_in_Zagreb" class="mw-redirect" title="National and University Library in Zagreb">NSK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000000349&local_base=nsk10">000000349</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Library_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Library of the Netherlands">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068173725">068173725</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RERO_(Library_Network_of_Western_Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="RERO (Library Network of Western Switzerland)">RERO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A002978092">02-A002978092</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="error">The SBN id CFIV073149 is not valid.</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">SELIBR</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/226556">226556</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SNAC" title="SNAC">SNAC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w60g68kv">w60g68kv</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/031197051">031197051</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trove" title="Trove">Trove</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/790896">790896</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/51744696">51744696</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat Identities</a> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/51744696">51744696</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ontsluit van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&oldid=2569669">https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Bauman&oldid=2569669</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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