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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:navajowhite;">Khom Thai<br /><div style="font-weight:normal"></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bhuddha_Sutra_in_Thai-Khmer_Font.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Bhuddha_Sutra_in_Thai-Khmer_Font.JPG/220px-Bhuddha_Sutra_in_Thai-Khmer_Font.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Bhuddha_Sutra_in_Thai-Khmer_Font.JPG/330px-Bhuddha_Sutra_in_Thai-Khmer_Font.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Bhuddha_Sutra_in_Thai-Khmer_Font.JPG/440px-Bhuddha_Sutra_in_Thai-Khmer_Font.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">A Buddhist manuscript written in Khom Thai</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Script type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugida</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Time period</div></th><td class="infobox-data">c. 1400 CE - present<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol2017154_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol2017154-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Direction</th><td class="infobox-data">Left-to-right</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pali" title="Pali">Pali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isan_language" title="Isan language">Isan</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Related scripts</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding-top:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Sinaitic alphabet">Proto-Sinaitic alphabet</a><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician alphabet</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic alphabet</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmi alphabet">Brahmi alphabet</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>Khom Thai</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Sister systems</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_script" title="Sukhothai script">Sukhothai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lai_Tay_script" title="Lai Tay script">Lai Tay</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;"><span style="font-size:90%"> This article contains <b><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA)</b>. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output 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class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Aksar_Khmer.svg/40px-Aksar_Khmer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Aksar_Khmer.svg/60px-Aksar_Khmer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Aksar_Khmer.svg/80px-Aksar_Khmer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="225" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a> text.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support_(Indic)" title="Help:Multilingual support (Indic)">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic scripts</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> The <a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a> and its descendants</td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Northern Brahmic</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Landa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogri</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddham</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi_script" title="Modi script">Modi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudi_script" title="Gaudi script">Gaudi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_alphabet" title="Bengali alphabet">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_alphabet" title="Assamese alphabet">Assamese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Nepalese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhujimol_script" title="Bhujimol script">Bhujimol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khema_script" title="Khema script">Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phagspa_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Phagspa script">Phagspa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar square</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a> <ul><li>Marchung</li> <li>Pungs-chen</li> <li>Pungs-chung</li> <li>Drusha</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamyig" title="Tamyig">Tamyig</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharian_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Tocharian alphabet">Tocharian</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Southern Brahmic</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tigalari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Khom Thai</a></li> <li>Proto-Tai script<sup>?</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_script" title="Sukhothai script">Sukhothai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakkham_script" title="Fakkham script">Fakkham</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Noi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai Noi script">Thai Noi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lao_script" title="Lao script">Lao</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Viet_script" title="Tai Viet script">Tai Viet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dai_Don_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dai Don script (page does not exist)">Dai Don</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Tay_script" title="Lai Tay script">Lai Tay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lai_Pao_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lai Pao script (page does not exist)">Lai Pao</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda_script" title="Buda script">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Ulu scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incung_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Incung script (page does not exist)">Incung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lampung script">Lampung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lembak_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lembak script (page does not exist)">Lembak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogan_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogan script (page does not exist)">Ogan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasemah_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasemah script (page does not exist)">Pasemah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejang script">Rejang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serawai_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serawai script (page does not exist)">Serawai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulitan_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulitan alphabet">Kulitan</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Mon–Burmese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_alphabet" title="Burmese alphabet">Burmese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_alphabet" title="S'gaw Karen alphabet">S'gaw Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Shan script">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanchangya_script" title="Tanchangya script">Tanchangya</a></li> <li><i>Lik-Tai scripts</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_script" title="Ahom script">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamti_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Khamti script">Khamti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_script" title="Tai Le script">Tai Le</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon_alphabet" title="Mon alphabet">Modern Mon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Tai Tham</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet" title="New Tai Lue alphabet">New Tai Lue</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyu_script" title="Pyu script">Pyu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatteluttu" title="Vatteluttu">Vatteluttu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolezhuthu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolezhuthu">Kolezhuthu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayanma" title="Malayanma">Malayanma</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telugu-Kannada_alphabet" title="Telugu-Kannada alphabet">Telugu-Kannada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Brahmic" title="Template:Brahmic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Brahmic" title="Template talk:Brahmic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Brahmic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Brahmic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Khom script</b> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: <span lang="th">อักษรขอม</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Thai" title="Romanization of Thai">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Thai-language romanization"><i lang="th-Latn">akson khom</i></span>, or later <a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: <span lang="th">อักษรขอมไทย</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Thai" title="Romanization of Thai">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Thai-language romanization"><i lang="th-Latn">akson khom thai</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a>: <span lang="lo">ອັກສອນຂອມ</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Lao" title="Romanization of Lao">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Lao-language romanization"><i lang="lo-Latn">Aksone Khom</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>: <span lang="km">អក្សរខម</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Khmer" title="Romanization of Khmer">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Khmer-language romanization"><i lang="km-Latn">âksâr khâm</i></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Brahmic_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmic script">Brahmic script</a> and a variant of the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer script</a> used in <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIgunma20131_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIgunma20131-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is used to write <a href="/wiki/Pali" title="Pali">Pali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isan_language" title="Isan language">Isan</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khom_Thai_script&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, this script is known as <i>Akson Khom</i> (Khom Script, a variant of Khmer script) in Laos and Thailand.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIgunma2013_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIgunma2013-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <i><a href="/wiki/Khom" title="Khom">khom</a></i> (<span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th">ขอม</span></span>) means "Cambodia" or "Cambodian" and is used in historical chronicles; the modern term is <i>khamen</i> (<span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th">เขมร</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Literally, the term "<i>akson khom"</i> means <a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer script</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khom_Thai_script&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Thai_people" title="Thai people">Thai</a> adopted the ancient Khmer script as their official script around the 10th century, during the territorial expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Empire" title="Khmer Empire">Khmer Empire</a>, because the Thai language lacked a writing system at the time. The ancient Khmer script was not suitable for writing Thai, however, because of phonological differences between the <a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer languages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol201722_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol201722-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around the 15th century, the Thai added additional letterforms and letters to the script, to be able to write the Thai language. They called this new version of the Khmer script "Khom", which means "Khmer" in Thai.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol201722_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol201722-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The knowledge of the Khom Thai script was, in the early periods of the Thai and Lao kingdoms, originally exclusive to the <i><a href="/wiki/Brahmin#Outside_India:_Myanmar,_Thailand,_Cambodia,_Vietnam_and_Indonesia" title="Brahmin">phraam</a></i>. It is assumed that the <i>phraam</i> gained their knowledge from Khmer teachers or ancestors who came from <a href="/wiki/Angkor" title="Angkor">Angkor</a>. Later, the Khom Thai script spread from Central Thailand to neighboring regions including <a href="/wiki/Nakhon_Si_Thammarat" title="Nakhon Si Thammarat">Nakhon Si Thammarat</a>, to which many Thai <i>phraam</i> fled during and after the <a href="/wiki/Burmese%E2%80%93Siamese_wars" title="Burmese–Siamese wars">Burmese–Siamese wars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIgunma20135_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIgunma20135-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Punnothok (2006) indicated that the Khom Thai script has been used alongside the Thai script since the 15th century. The two scripts are used for different purposes, the Thai script is used for writing non-religious documents, while the Khom Thai script is mainly used for writing religious texts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol201722_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol201722-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Khom Thai script closely resembles the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_script#Styles" title="Khmer script">Aksar Mul script</a> used in <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>, but some letters differ. The Khom Thai letterforms have not changed significantly since the <a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_Kingdom" title="Sukhothai Kingdom">Sukhothai era</a>. The Khom Thai script was the most widely used of the ancient scripts found in Thailand.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol2017155_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol2017155-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Use of the Khom Thai script has declined for three reasons. Firstly <a href="/wiki/King_Rama_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="King Rama IV">King Rama IV</a> (1804–1868) ordered Thailand's Buddhist monks to use the Thai script when writing Pali, instead of Khom Thai.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol201723_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol201723-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Secondly, <a href="/wiki/King_Rama_V" class="mw-redirect" title="King Rama V">King Rama V</a> (1853–1910) ordered the translation of the <a href="/wiki/Tripi%E1%B9%ADaka" title="Tripiṭaka">Tripiṭaka</a> from Pali into Thai, using the Thai script. The third reason was the scrapping of the Khom Thai script from the Buddhist studies exam, the <a href="/wiki/Sanam_Luang_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanam Luang test">Sanam Luang test</a>. In 1918, the Pali division of the Buddhist Association decided to again include an assignment about the Khom Thai script on the test, out of concern that the Khom Thai script would disappear. However, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Thailand)" title="Ministry of Education (Thailand)">Ministry of Education</a> decided to cancel the Sanam Luang test permanently in 1945, on the basis of the government's nationalist and modernizing policies, which ended the study of the Khom Thai script at Buddhist institutes and schools and made it less necessary for monks and students to learn the Khom Thai script.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol201724_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol201724-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tsumura (2009) pointed out that educational reforms in 1884 and 1921 were pivotal factors that worsened the situation for the Khom Thai script.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol201724_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol201724-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the national policies in that period focused on centralizing political power in Bangkok, the educational system tended to disregard traditional knowledge from outside of the capital, including the use of the <a href="/wiki/Tham_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Tham script">Tham script</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tai_Noi_script" title="Tai Noi script">Tai Noi script</a>, and the Khom Thai script.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol201725_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol201725-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nowadays, the Khom Thai script is part of a required course for students of <a href="/wiki/Palaeography" title="Palaeography">oriental palaeography</a> in certain Thai universities including <a href="/wiki/Silpakorn_University" title="Silpakorn University">Silpakorn University</a>. However, accessibility to information about the script is limited for ordinary Thais interested in the subject, and it receives little attention from the public in general.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol201726_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol201726-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khom_Thai_script&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The script is used for various purposes such as <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_texts" title="Buddhist texts">Buddhist texts</a> called <a href="/wiki/Samut_khoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Samut khoi">Samut khoi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thai_Buddha_amulet" title="Thai Buddha amulet">talismanic images</a>, medicinal texts, magical textbooks, local Buddhist histories, treatises and manuals on topics like astrology, numerology, cosmology, warfare, sai-ja-saat, divination, and the creation and interpretation of <a href="/wiki/Yantra" title="Yantra">yantras</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIgunma20133_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIgunma20133-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Manuscripts employing the Khom Thai script can be found in the regions of <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thonburi" title="Thonburi">Thonburi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phra_Nakhon_Si_Ayutthaya_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province">Ayutthaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nakhon_Si_Thammarat_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakhon Si Thammarat Province">Nakhon Si Thammarat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Champasak_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Champasak Province">Champassak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vientiane_Prefecture" title="Vientiane Prefecture">Vientiane</a>, parts of <a href="/wiki/Isan" title="Isan">Isan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luang_Prabang_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Luang Prabang Province">Luang Prabang</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Mai_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiang Mai Province">Chiang Mai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIgunma20131_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIgunma20131-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are two main types of manuscripts that use the Khom Thai script, namely <a href="/wiki/Palm_leaf_manuscripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm leaf manuscripts">palm leaf manuscripts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: <span lang="th">ใบลาน</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Thai" title="Romanization of Thai">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Thai-language romanization"><i lang="th-Latn">bai laan</i></span>) and <a href="/wiki/Folding-book_manuscript" title="Folding-book manuscript">folding books</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a>: <span lang="th">สมุดข่อย</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Thai" title="Romanization of Thai">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Thai-language romanization"><i lang="th-Latn">samut khooi</i></span>), the latter which were made of mulberry paper. A variety of other materials were also used.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIgunma20132_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIgunma20132-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Khom Thai script is considered a sacred script,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol201722_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol201722-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its status is similar to the <a href="/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddhaṃ script</a> used by <a href="/wiki/Mahayana_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahayana Buddhism">Mahayana Buddhism</a>. The script held a position of prestige at the Thai and Lao royal courts, similar to the Pali and Sanskrit languages and to a certain extent also the Khmer language, where the script was used in ritualised royal formula and formal protocols.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIgunma20132_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIgunma20132-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Owing to the influence of Khmer occultism, it is common for Thai men to have their bodies ritualistically and symbolically marked with Khom Thai script— structured in various forms of "yantra", called <a href="/wiki/Yantra_tattooing" title="Yantra tattooing">yantra tattooing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The script is also used for yantras and <a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">mantras</a> on cloth, paper, or engravings on brass plates in Cambodia and Thailand.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIgunma20134_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIgunma20134-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETsumura200963–77_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETsumura200963–77-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_poor_woodcutter_picks_lotus_flowers_in_a_pond_Wellcome_L0030800.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Khom Thai script on a Buddhist illustration"><img alt="The Khom Thai script on a Buddhist illustration" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/A_poor_woodcutter_picks_lotus_flowers_in_a_pond_Wellcome_L0030800.jpg/120px-A_poor_woodcutter_picks_lotus_flowers_in_a_pond_Wellcome_L0030800.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/A_poor_woodcutter_picks_lotus_flowers_in_a_pond_Wellcome_L0030800.jpg/180px-A_poor_woodcutter_picks_lotus_flowers_in_a_pond_Wellcome_L0030800.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/A_poor_woodcutter_picks_lotus_flowers_in_a_pond_Wellcome_L0030800.jpg/240px-A_poor_woodcutter_picks_lotus_flowers_in_a_pond_Wellcome_L0030800.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5068" data-file-height="2120" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Khom Thai script on a Buddhist illustration</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Handwriting_with_38_illustrations_from_the_Buddha_legend,_Thailand,_paper,_99_folded_sheets_-_Ethnological_Museum,_Berlin_-_DSC01918.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Buddha legend written in the Khom Thai script - Ethnological Museum, Berlin"><img alt="The Buddha legend written in the Khom Thai script - Ethnological Museum, Berlin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Handwriting_with_38_illustrations_from_the_Buddha_legend%2C_Thailand%2C_paper%2C_99_folded_sheets_-_Ethnological_Museum%2C_Berlin_-_DSC01918.JPG/120px-Handwriting_with_38_illustrations_from_the_Buddha_legend%2C_Thailand%2C_paper%2C_99_folded_sheets_-_Ethnological_Museum%2C_Berlin_-_DSC01918.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Handwriting_with_38_illustrations_from_the_Buddha_legend%2C_Thailand%2C_paper%2C_99_folded_sheets_-_Ethnological_Museum%2C_Berlin_-_DSC01918.JPG/180px-Handwriting_with_38_illustrations_from_the_Buddha_legend%2C_Thailand%2C_paper%2C_99_folded_sheets_-_Ethnological_Museum%2C_Berlin_-_DSC01918.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Handwriting_with_38_illustrations_from_the_Buddha_legend%2C_Thailand%2C_paper%2C_99_folded_sheets_-_Ethnological_Museum%2C_Berlin_-_DSC01918.JPG/240px-Handwriting_with_38_illustrations_from_the_Buddha_legend%2C_Thailand%2C_paper%2C_99_folded_sheets_-_Ethnological_Museum%2C_Berlin_-_DSC01918.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4587" data-file-height="3133" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Buddha legend written in the Khom Thai script - Ethnological Museum, Berlin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Suvannasama_Jataka_in_Khom_Thai_script.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Suvannasama Jataka, in Pali language in the Khom Thai script"><img alt="The Suvannasama Jataka, in Pali language in the Khom Thai script" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Suvannasama_Jataka_in_Khom_Thai_script.jpg/120px-Suvannasama_Jataka_in_Khom_Thai_script.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Suvannasama_Jataka_in_Khom_Thai_script.jpg/180px-Suvannasama_Jataka_in_Khom_Thai_script.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Suvannasama_Jataka_in_Khom_Thai_script.jpg/240px-Suvannasama_Jataka_in_Khom_Thai_script.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2728" data-file-height="886" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Suvannasama Jataka, in Pali language in the Khom Thai script</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Seal_of_the_Royal_Command_of_Thailand_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thai Seal of the Royal Command: which reads "ព្រះបរម្មរាជឱង្ការ" (พฺระบรมฺมราชโองฺการ, royal command)"><img alt="Thai Seal of the Royal Command: which reads "ព្រះបរម្មរាជឱង្ការ" (พฺระบรมฺมราชโองฺการ, royal command)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Old_Seal_of_the_Royal_Command_of_Thailand_001.jpg/112px-Old_Seal_of_the_Royal_Command_of_Thailand_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Old_Seal_of_the_Royal_Command_of_Thailand_001.jpg/169px-Old_Seal_of_the_Royal_Command_of_Thailand_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Old_Seal_of_the_Royal_Command_of_Thailand_001.jpg/225px-Old_Seal_of_the_Royal_Command_of_Thailand_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1601" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Thai Seal of the Royal Command: which reads "ព្រះបរម្មរាជឱង្ការ" (พฺระบรมฺมราชโองฺการ, royal command)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yantprapidta.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Thai amulet or "Yantra" featuring the Khom Thai script"><img alt="Thai amulet or "Yantra" featuring the Khom Thai script" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Yantprapidta.JPG/115px-Yantprapidta.JPG" decoding="async" width="115" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Yantprapidta.JPG/172px-Yantprapidta.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Yantprapidta.JPG/230px-Yantprapidta.JPG 2x" data-file-width="581" data-file-height="607" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Thai amulet or "Yantra" featuring the Khom Thai script</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pali_manuscript_in_Khom_Thai_script.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pali manuscript from Thailand, written in Khom Thai script"><img alt="Pali manuscript from Thailand, written in Khom Thai script" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Pali_manuscript_in_Khom_Thai_script.jpg/120px-Pali_manuscript_in_Khom_Thai_script.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Pali_manuscript_in_Khom_Thai_script.jpg/180px-Pali_manuscript_in_Khom_Thai_script.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Pali_manuscript_in_Khom_Thai_script.jpg/240px-Pali_manuscript_in_Khom_Thai_script.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pali manuscript from Thailand, written in Khom Thai script</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khom_Thai_script&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Encyclopedie_volume_2-189.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Encyclopedie_volume_2-189.png/300px-Encyclopedie_volume_2-189.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="482" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Encyclopedie_volume_2-189.png/450px-Encyclopedie_volume_2-189.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Encyclopedie_volume_2-189.png/600px-Encyclopedie_volume_2-189.png 2x" data-file-width="1890" data-file-height="3038" /></a><figcaption>The Thai alphabet, Khom Thai alphabet and Thai numerals published in Diderot and d'Alembert's <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie">Encyclopédie</a>. (The original image is from <a href="/wiki/Simon_de_la_Loub%C3%A8re" title="Simon de la Loubère">Simon de la Loubère</a>'s book "Du Royaume de Siam", published in 1691.) In this picture, the Thai Khom alphabet is labelled "Alphabet Bali" (Pali alphabet).</figcaption></figure> <p>The Khom Thai script is written from left to right.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the Khmer script does not contain tone symbols, some Thai vowels and tone symbols have been added to the Khom Thai script.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The script is characterized by sharper serifs and angles than the Khmer script, and retainment of some antique characteristics, notably in the consonant kâ (<span title="Khmer-language text"><span lang="km">ក</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETsumura200963–77_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETsumura200963–77-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Khom Thai script has subtypes and modifications like "Khoom Muul", "Khoom Chriang" and various others.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIgunma20135_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIgunma20135-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khom_Thai_script&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are 35 full form letters in total, used for initial consonants. Most of these also have a subscribed form letter, which is used for word final consonants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol2017106_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol2017106-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%81.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%81.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%81.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%81.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%81.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%81.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%81.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ka</i></span><br />ก </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%82.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%82.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%82.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%82.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%82.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%82.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%82.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">kha</i></span><br />ข </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%84.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%84.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%84.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%84.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%84.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%84.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%84.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ga</i></span><br />ค </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%86.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%86.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%86.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%86.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%86.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%86.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%86.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">gha</i></span><br />ฆ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%87.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%87.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%87.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%87.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%87.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%87.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%87.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ṅa</i></span><br />ง </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Alveolo-palatal_consonant" title="Alveolo-palatal consonant">Alveolo-palatal</a> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%88.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%88.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%88.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%88.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%88.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%88.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%88.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ca</i></span><br />จ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%89.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%89.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%89.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%89.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%89.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%89.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%89.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">cha</i></span><br />ฉ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%8A.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%8A.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%8A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%8A.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%8A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%8A.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%8A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ja</i></span><br />ช </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%8C.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%8C.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%8C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%8C.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%8C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%8C.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%8C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">jha</i></span><br />ฌ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%8D.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%8D.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%8D.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%8D.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%8D.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%8D.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%8D.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ña</i></span><br />ญ </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%8F.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%8F.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%8F.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%8F.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%8F.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%8F.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%8F.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ṭa</i></span><br />ฏ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%90.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%90.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%90.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%90.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%90.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%90.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%90.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ṭha</i></span><br />ฐ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%91.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%91.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%91.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%91.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%91.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%91.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%91.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ḍa</i></span><br />ฑ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%92.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%92.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%92.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%92.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%92.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%92.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%92.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ḍha</i></span><br />ฒ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%93.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%93.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%93.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%93.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%93.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%93.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%93.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ṇa</i></span><br />ณ </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%95.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%95.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%95.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%95.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%95.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%95.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%95.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ta</i></span><br />ต </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%96.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%96.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%96.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%96.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%96.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%96.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%96.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">tha</i></span><br />ถ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%97.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%97.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%97.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%97.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%97.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%97.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%97.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">da</i></span><br />ท </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%98.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%98.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%98.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%98.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%98.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%98.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%98.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">dha</i></span><br />ธ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%99.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%99.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%99.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%99.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%99.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%99.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%99.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">na</i></span><br />น </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%9B.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%9B.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%9B.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%9B.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%9B.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%9B.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%9B.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">pa</i></span><br />ป </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%9C.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%9C.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%9C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%9C.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%9C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%9C.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%9C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">pha</i></span><br />ผ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%9E.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%9E.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%9E.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%9E.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%9E.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%9E.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%9E.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ba</i></span><br />พ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A0.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A0.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A0.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A0.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">bha</i></span><br />ภ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A1.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A1.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A1.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ma</i></span><br />ม </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liquid_consonant" title="Liquid consonant">liquid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guttural" title="Guttural">guttural</a> </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A2.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A2.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A2.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ya</i></span><br />ย </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A3.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A3.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A3.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ra</i></span><br />ร </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A5.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A5.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A5.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">la</i></span><br />ล </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A7.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A7.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A7.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A7.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">va</i></span><br />ว </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A8.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A8.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A8.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A8.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">śa</i></span><br />ศ </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A9.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A9.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A9.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A9.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%A9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ṣa</i></span><br />ษ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AA.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AA.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AA.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">sa</i></span><br />ส </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AB.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AB.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AB.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AB.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AB.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AB.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AB.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ha</i></span><br />ห </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AC.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AC.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AC.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ḷa</i></span><br />ฬ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">a</i></span><br />อ </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khom_Thai_script&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Khom Thai script has two kind of vowels, namely, independent vowels that can be written alone, and dependent vowels that have to be combined with consonants to form words.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol2017106_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol2017106-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dependent vowels are identical to their Thai counterparts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol2017136_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol2017136-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following are eight independent vowels: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /> <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">a</i></span><br />อะ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /> <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ā</i></span><br />อา </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /> <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">i</i></span><br />อิ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /> <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ī</i></span><br />อี </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">u</i></span><br />อุ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B9.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B9.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B9.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B9.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ū</i></span><br />อู </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">e</i></span><br />เอ </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD.svg/50px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD.svg/75px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD.svg/100px-Khom_Thai_-_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span><br /><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">o</i></span><br />โอ </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tone_marks">Tone marks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khom_Thai_script&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Tone marks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tone marks of the Khom Thai script are identical to those of the Thai script.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol2017136_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol2017136-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numerals">Numerals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khom_Thai_script&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Numerals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The numerals used by the Khom Thai script resemble Thai and Khmer numerals, and feature long ascenders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol2017133_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol2017133-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Computerization">Computerization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khom_Thai_script&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Computerization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Khom Thai script has not been included in <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>, but Khom Thai fonts can be used with Thai encoding. </p><p>Farida Virunhaphol designed three Khom Thai fonts for teaching purposes. This set of fonts enables Thai users to become familiar with Khom Thai faster.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol2017111_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol2017111-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khom_Thai_script&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol2017154-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol2017154_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVirunhaphol2017">Virunhaphol 2017</a>, pp. 154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIgunma20131-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIgunma20131_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIgunma20131_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIgunma2013">Igunma 2013</a>, pp. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIgunma2013-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIgunma2013_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIgunma2013">Igunma 2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHaas1964" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Haas" title="Mary Haas">Haas, Mary R.</a> (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdfhost.io/v/Xc.yjYQ9C_Haas"><i>Thai–English Student's Dictionary</i></a>. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p. 54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-0567-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-0567-4"><bdi>0-8047-0567-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thai%E2%80%93English+Student%27s+Dictionary&rft.place=Stanford&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1964&rft.isbn=0-8047-0567-4&rft.aulast=Haas&rft.aufirst=Mary+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpdfhost.io%2Fv%2FXc.yjYQ9C_Haas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhom+Thai+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english-thai-dictionary.com/dictionary/?cof=FORID%3A10&ie=UTF-8&q=อักษร&sa=Dictionary-search&fields%5B%5D=related&siteurl=english-thai-dictionary.com%2F&ref=www.google.com%2F&ss=0j0j1">"อักษร"</a>. <i>English Thai Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=English+Thai+Dictionary&rft.atitle=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish-thai-dictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2F%3Fcof%3DFORID%253A10%26ie%3DUTF-8%26q%3D%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%26sa%3DDictionary-search%26fields%255B%255D%3Drelated%26siteurl%3Denglish-thai-dictionary.com%252F%26ref%3Dwww.google.com%252F%26ss%3D0j0j1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhom+Thai+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english-thai-dictionary.com/dictionary/?cof=FORID%3A10&ie=UTF-8&q=ขอม&sa=Dictionary-search&fields%5B%5D=related&siteurl=english-thai-dictionary.com%2F&ref=www.google.com%2F&ss=17401j177670595j4">"ขอม"</a>. <i>English Thai Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=People+at+the+Rim%3A+A+Study+of+Tai+Ethnicity+and+Nationalism+in+a+Thai+Border+Village&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Cadchumsang&rft.aufirst=Jaggapan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftspace.library.utoronto.ca%2Fhandle%2F1807%2F31703&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhom+Thai+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">May, Angela Marie. (2014). <i>Sak Yant: The Transition from Indic Yantras to Thai Magical Buddhist Tattoos (Master's thesis)</i> (p. 6). The University of Alabama at Birmingham.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIgunma20134-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIgunma20134_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIgunma2013">Igunma 2013</a>, pp. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETsumura200963–77-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETsumura200963–77_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETsumura200963–77_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTsumura2009">Tsumura 2009</a>, pp. 63–77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170715210731/http://www.bl.msu.ac.th/bailan/khom.asp">"ประวัติอักษรขอมไทย"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bl.msu.ac.th/bailan/khom.asp">the original</a> on 2017-07-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.msu.ac.th%2Fbailan%2Fkhom.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhom+Thai+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wdl.org/en/item/14289/">"Buddhist Texts, Including the Legend of Phra Malai, with Illustrations of The Ten Birth Tales"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Buddhist+Texts%2C+Including+the+Legend+of+Phra+Malai%2C+with+Illustrations+of+The+Ten+Birth+Tales&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdl.org%2Fen%2Fitem%2F14289%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhom+Thai+script" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol2017106-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol2017106_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol2017106_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVirunhaphol2017">Virunhaphol 2017</a>, pp. 106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol2017136-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol2017136_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol2017136_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVirunhaphol2017">Virunhaphol 2017</a>, pp. 136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol2017133-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol2017133_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVirunhaphol2017">Virunhaphol 2017</a>, pp. 133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol2017111-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVirunhaphol2017111_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVirunhaphol2017">Virunhaphol 2017</a>, pp. 111.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khom_Thai_script&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgunma2013" class="citation journal cs1">Igunma, Jana (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/33094517">"Aksoon Khoom: Khmer Heritage in Thai and Lao Manuscript Cultures"</a>. <i>Tai Culture</i>. <b>23</b> (Route of the Roots: Tai-Asiatic Cultural Interaction).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tai+Culture&rft.atitle=Aksoon+Khoom%3A+Khmer+Heritage+in+Thai+and+Lao+Manuscript+Cultures&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=Route+of+the+Roots%3A+Tai-Asiatic+Cultural+Interaction&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Igunma&rft.aufirst=Jana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F33094517&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhom+Thai+script" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsumura2009" class="citation journal cs1">Tsumura, Fumihiko (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/297713130">"Magical Use of Traditional Scripts in Northeastern Thai Villages"</a>. <i>Senri Ethnological Studies</i>. <b>74</b>: 63–77.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Senri+Ethnological+Studies&rft.atitle=Magical+Use+of+Traditional+Scripts+in+Northeastern+Thai+Villages&rft.volume=74&rft.pages=63-77&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Tsumura&rft.aufirst=Fumihiko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F297713130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhom+Thai+script" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVirunhaphol2017" class="citation thesis cs1">Virunhaphol, Farida (November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/34345/1/FINAL%20THESIS%20-%20Virunhaphol.pdf"><i>Designing Khom Thai Letterforms for Accessibility</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (PhD thesis). University of Huddersfield.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Designing+Khom+Thai+Letterforms+for+Accessibility&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=University+of+Huddersfield&rft.date=2017-11&rft.aulast=Virunhaphol&rft.aufirst=Farida&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feprints.hud.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F34345%2F1%2FFINAL%2520THESIS%2520-%2520Virunhaphol.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhom+Thai+script" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khom_Thai_script&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://skyknowledge.com/khomthai.htm">Khom Thai script letter charts</a></li></ul> <link 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of writing systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_writing_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a> of <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing" title="History of writing">History of writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapheme" title="Grapheme">Grapheme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Writing systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Undeciphered_writing_systems" title="Undeciphered writing systems">undeciphered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_creators_of_writing_systems" title="List of creators of writing systems">inventors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constructed_scripts" title="List of constructed scripts">constructed</a></li></ul></li> <li>Languages by writing system / <a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_by_first_written_accounts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of languages by first written accounts">by first written accounts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Types" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abjads" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjads</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Numerals</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatran_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatran alphabet">Hatran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elifba_alphabet" title="Elifba alphabet">Elifba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elymaic" title="Elymaic">Elymaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ktav_Ashuri" title="Ktav Ashuri">Ashuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursive_Hebrew" title="Cursive Hebrew">Cursive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashi_script" title="Rashi script">Rashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitreo" title="Solitreo">Solitreo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_script" title="Manichaean script">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_North_Arabian" title="Ancient North Arabian">Ancient North Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Book Pahlavi">Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Pahlavi" title="Inscriptional Pahlavi">Inscriptional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inscriptional_Parthian" title="Inscriptional Parthian">Inscriptional Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalter_Pahlavi" title="Psalter Pahlavi">Psalter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegon_script" title="Pegon script">Pegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitman_shorthand" title="Pitman shorthand">Pitman shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Proto-Sinaitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic alphabet">Punic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">South Arabian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Zabur_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Zabur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Musnad" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Musnad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#Classical_ʾEsṭrangēlā" title="Syriac alphabet">ʾEsṭrangēlā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#West_Syriac_Serṭā" title="Syriac alphabet">Serṭā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#East_Syriac_Maḏnḥāyā" title="Syriac alphabet">Maḏnḥāyā</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teeline_Shorthand" class="mw-redirect" title="Teeline Shorthand">Teeline Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abugidas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugidas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khema_script" title="Khema script">Khema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Laṇḍā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi_script" title="Modi script">Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Nepalese scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhujimol_script" title="Bhujimol script">Bhujimol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golmol script (page does not exist)">Golmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Himmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Himmol script (page does not exist)">Himmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kummol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kummol script (page does not exist)">Kummol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kvemmol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kvemmol script (page does not exist)">Kvemmol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pachumol_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pachumol script (page does not exist)">Pachumol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamyig_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamyig script">Tamyig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_scripts" title="Nepalese scripts">Litumol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karani_script" title="Karani script">Karani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddhaṃ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uchen_script" title="Uchen script">Uchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Um%C3%AA_script" title="Umê script">Umê</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocharian_script" title="Tocharian script">Tocharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_script" title="Ahom script">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda_script" title="Buda script">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_script" title="Cham script">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakkham_script" title="Fakkham script">Fakkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_alphabet" title="S'gaw Karen alphabet">Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_script" title="Kawi script">Kawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Khom Thai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulitan" title="Kulitan">Kulitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Lanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdi" title="Langdi">Langdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_script" title="Lao script">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leke_script" title="Leke script">Leke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lontara_Bilang-bilang_script" title="Lontara Bilang-bilang script">Bilang-bilang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_writing_systems" title="Maldivian writing systems">Old Maldivian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eveyla_Akuru" class="mw-redirect" title="Eveyla Akuru">Eveyla Akuru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Mon–Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyu_script" title="Pyu script">Pyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_alphabet" title="Shan alphabet">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_script" title="Sukhothai script">Sukhothai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Le_script" title="Tai Le script">Tai Le</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Tai_Lue_alphabet" title="New Tai Lue alphabet">New Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Noi_script" title="Tai Noi script">Tai Noi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Tai Tham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Viet_script" title="Tai Viet script">Tai Viet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_Tay_script" title="Lai Tay script">Lai Tay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanchangya_script" title="Tanchangya script">Tanchangya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tigalari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Ulu scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incung_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Incung script (page does not exist)">Incung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampung_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lampung script">Lampung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lembak_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lembak script (page does not exist)">Lembak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogan_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogan script (page does not exist)">Ogan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasemah_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasemah script (page does not exist)">Pasemah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Rejang script">Rejang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serawai_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serawai script (page does not exist)">Serawai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatteluttu" title="Vatteluttu">Vatteluttu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolezhuthu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolezhuthu">Kolezhuthu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayanma" title="Malayanma">Malayanma</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharati_script" title="Bharati script">Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd%27s_syllabic_shorthand" title="Boyd's syllabic shorthand">Boyd's syllabic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian syllabics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language#Writing_system" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_syllabics" title="Carrier syllabics">Déné syllabics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dham_script" title="Dham script">Dham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunjala_Gondi_script" title="Gunjala Gondi script">Gunjala Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarati" title="Sarati">Sarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandombe_script" title="Mandombe script">Mandombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_writing" title="Gondi writing">Masaram Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollard_script" title="Pollard script">Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Natural_Shorthand" title="Thomas Natural Shorthand">Thomas Natural Shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_language" title="Qiang language">Rma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Alphabets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariyaka_script" title="Ariyaka script">Ariyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pazend" title="Pazend">Pazend</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoiuli" title="Avoiuli">Avoiuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassa_Vah_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassa Vah script">Bassa Vah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carian_alphabets" title="Carian alphabets">Carian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coelbren_y_Beirdd" title="Coelbren y Beirdd">Coelbren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coorgi%E2%80%93Cox_alphabet" title="Coorgi–Cox alphabet">Coorgi–Cox alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Cyrillic" title="Bosnian Cyrillic">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand" title="Duployan shorthand">Duployan shorthand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duployan_shorthand#Chinook_writing" title="Duployan shorthand">Chinook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclectic_shorthand" title="Eclectic shorthand">Eclectic shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbasan_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbasan script">Elbasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enochian" title="Enochian">Enochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_alphabet" title="Etruscan alphabet">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Psalmanazar#Pseudo-lexicographer" title="George Psalmanazar">Formosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_language#Writing_systems" title="Fox language">Fox II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabelsberger_shorthand" title="Gabelsberger shorthand">Gabelsberger shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadabuursi_Somali_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadabuursi Somali script">Gadabuursi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garay_alphabet" title="Garay alphabet">Garay alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asomtavruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Asomtavruli">Asomtavruli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuskhuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuskhuri">Nuskhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkhedruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Mkhedruli">Mkhedruli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veso_Bey_alphabet" title="Veso Bey alphabet">Veso Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregg_shorthand" title="Gregg shorthand">Gregg shorthand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_alphabets" title="Archaic Greek alphabets">Archaic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Iberian_alphabet" title="Greco-Iberian alphabet">Greco-Iberian alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaddare_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaddare script">Kaddare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayah_Li_alphabet" title="Kayah Li alphabet">Kayah Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klingon_scripts" title="Klingon scripts">Klingon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beneventan_script" title="Beneventan script">Beneventan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_minuscule" title="Carolingian minuscule">Carolingian minuscule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlac" class="mw-redirect" title="Interlac">Interlac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurrent" title="Kurrent">Kurrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_script" title="Merovingian script">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">Sigla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCtterlin" title="Sütterlin">Sütterlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tironian_notes" title="Tironian notes">Tironian notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_script" title="Visigothic script">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_script" title="Luo script">Luo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydian_alphabet" title="Lydian alphabet">Lydian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medefaidrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molodtsov_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Molodtsov alphabet">Molodtsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mru_language#Script" title="Mru language">Mru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundari_Bani" title="Mundari Bani">Mundari Bani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_script" title="N'Ko script">N'Ko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Chiki_script" title="Ol Chiki script">Ol Chiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Old Italic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Permic_script" title="Old Permic script">Old Permic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Orkhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenki_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenki alphabet">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galik_alphabet" title="Galik alphabet">Galik alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Script" title="Clear Script">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagindra_script" title="Vagindra script">Vagindra</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol_Onal" title="Ol Onal">Ol Onal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmanya_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmanya script">Osmanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pau_Cin_Hau_script" title="Pau Cin Hau script">Pau Cin Hau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_alphabet" title="Phrygian alphabet">Phrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisidian_language" title="Pisidian language">Pisidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cipher_runes" title="Cipher runes">Cipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalecarlian_runes" title="Dalecarlian runes">Dalecarlian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Elder Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Younger Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_runic_inscriptions" title="Gothic runic inscriptions">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcomannic runes">Marcomannic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_runes" title="Medieval runes">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staveless_runes" title="Staveless runes">Staveless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavian_alphabet" title="Shavian alphabet">Shavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidetic_language" title="Sidetic language">Sidetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunuwar_alphabet" title="Sunuwar alphabet">Sunuwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todhri_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Todhri script">Todhri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language#Writing_systems" title="Kurukh language">Tolong Siki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellara_alphabet" title="Vellara alphabet">Vellara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_Speech" title="Visible Speech">Visible Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithkuqi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Vithkuqi script">Vithkuqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language#Orthography" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabets#Yezidi" title="Kurdish alphabets">Yezidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaghawa_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaghawa script">Zaghawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Non-linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">Maritime flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_code" title="Telegraph code">Telegraph code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_semaphore" title="Flag semaphore">Flag semaphore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ideograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ideogram" title="Ideogram">Ideograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adinkra_symbols" title="Adinkra symbols">Adinkra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_script" title="Aztec script">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blissymbols" title="Blissymbols">Blissymbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongba_symbols" title="Dongba symbols">Dongba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersu_Shaba_script" title="Ersu Shaba script">Ersu Shaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">Emoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotype_(picture_language)" title="Isotype (picture language)">Isotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaid%C4%81_glyphs" title="Kaidā glyphs">Kaidā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%EA%9E%8Ckmaw_hieroglyphic_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Miꞌkmaw hieroglyphic writing">Miꞌkmaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec_writing" title="Mixtec writing">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Epoch_Notation_Painting" class="mw-redirect" title="New Epoch Notation Painting">New Epoch Notation Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsibidi" title="Nsibidi">Nsibidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_writing_systems#Ojibwe_"hieroglyphs"" title="Ojibwe writing systems">Ojibwe Hieroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_hieroglyphs" title="Olmec hieroglyphs">Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siglas_poveiras" title="Siglas poveiras">Siglas poveiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testerian" title="Testerian">Testerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerkish" title="Yerkish">Yerkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_script" title="Zapotec script">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Logograms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Logogram" title="Logogram">Logograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_family_of_scripts" title="Chinese family of scripts">Chinese family of scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_bronze_inscriptions" title="Chinese bronze inscriptions">Bronze scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_script" title="Seal script">Seal script</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Large_seal_script" title="Large seal script">large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_seal_script" title="Small seal script">small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird-worm_seal_script" title="Bird-worm seal script">bird-worm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">Chữ Nôm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawndip" title="Sawndip">Sawndip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowen script">Bowen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Chinese-influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurchen_script" title="Jurchen script">Jurchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_large_script" title="Khitan large script">Khitan large script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_script" title="Sui script">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangut_script" title="Tangut script">Tangut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Cuneiform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Akkadian cuneiform">Akkadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian cuneiform">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elamite_cuneiform" title="Elamite cuneiform">Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_cuneiform" title="Hittite cuneiform">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_Luwian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform Luwian">Luwian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other logosyllabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_hieroglyphs" title="Anatolian hieroglyphs">Anatolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagam_script" title="Bagam script">Bagam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_hieroglyphs" title="Cretan hieroglyphs">Cretan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isthmian_script" title="Isthmian script">Isthmian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Elamite_script" title="Proto-Elamite script">Proto-Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenevil" title="Tenevil">Tenevil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Classical_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi (Classical)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Logoconsonantal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Hieratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Hieroglyphs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Numerals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system" title="Hindu–Arabic numeral system">Hindu-Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Abjad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic (Greek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_numerals" title="Muisca numerals">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sitelen_Pona" title="Sitelen Pona">Sitelen Pona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Semi-syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Semi-syllabaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-syllabaries">Semi-syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Full</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_script" title="Celtiberian script">Celtiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Iberian_script" title="Northeastern Iberian script">Northeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Iberian_script" title="Southeastern Iberian script">Southeastern Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khom_script_(Ong_Kommadam)" title="Khom script (Ong Kommadam)">Khom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunging_script" title="Dunging script">Dunging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Redundant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Espanca_script" title="Espanca script">Espanca script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_small_script" title="Khitan small script">Khitan small script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Paleohispanic_script" title="Southwest Paleohispanic script">Southwest Paleohispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_writing_in_Vietnam#Quốc_Âm_Tân_Tự" title="History of writing in Vietnam">Quốc Âm Tân Tự</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sign_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Sign languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASLwrite" title="ASLwrite">ASLwrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SignWriting" title="SignWriting">SignWriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si5s" title="Si5s">si5s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokoe_notation" title="Stokoe notation">Stokoe notation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Syllabaries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syllabary" title="Syllabary">Syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afaka_syllabary" title="Afaka syllabary">Afaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamum_script" title="Bamum script">Bamum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9t%C3%A9_syllabary" title="Bété syllabary">Bété</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblos_syllabary" title="Byblos syllabary">Byblos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditema_tsa_Dinoko" title="Ditema tsa Dinoko">Ditema tsa Dinoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskayan_script" title="Eskayan script">Eskayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geba_syllabary" title="Geba syllabary">Geba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Algonquian_syllabics" title="Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics">Great Lakes Algonquian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_language#Alphabet" title="Iban language">Iban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idu_script" title="Idu script">Idu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dgana" title="Sōgana">Sōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jindai_moji" title="Jindai moji">Jindai moji</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mende_Kikakui_script" title="Mende Kikakui script">Kikakui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kpelle_syllabary" title="Kpelle syllabary">Kpelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language#Lisu_syllabary" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loma_language#writing_systems" title="Loma language">Loma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCshu" title="Nüshu">Nüshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nwagu_Aneke_script" title="Nwagu Aneke script">Nwagu Aneke script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian_cuneiform" title="Old Persian cuneiform">Old Persian cuneiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai_syllabary" title="Vai syllabary">Vai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woleai_script" title="Woleai script">Woleai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_script#Modern_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugtun_script" title="Yugtun script">Yugtun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Braille" title="Template:Braille"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Braille" title="Template talk:Braille"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Braille" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Braille"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Braille_⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a><span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span>⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille cell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1829_braille" title="1829 braille">1829 braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_uniformity_of_braille_alphabets" title="International uniformity of braille alphabets">International uniformity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">ASCII braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Unicode braille patterns</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:French-ordered_braille_alphabets" title="Category:French-ordered braille alphabets">French-ordered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Braille" title="Albanian Braille">Albanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azeri_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri Braille">Azerbaijani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Braille" title="Catalan Braille">Catalan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Chinese (mainland Mandarin)</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Braille" title="Czech Braille">Czech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Braille" title="Dutch Braille">Dutch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_Braille" title="Esperanto Braille">Esperanto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Braille" title="French Braille">French</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Braille" title="German Braille">German</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_braille" title="Ghanaian braille">Ghanaian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guarani_Braille" title="Guarani Braille">Guarani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Braille" title="Hawaiian Braille">Hawaiian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Braille" title="Hungarian Braille">Hungarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiaq_Braille" title="Iñupiaq Braille">Iñupiaq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Braille" title="Irish Braille">Irish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Braille" title="Italian Braille">Italian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Braille" title="Latvian Braille">Latvian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Braille" title="Lithuanian Braille">Lithuanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a> (extended to 8-dot)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Braille" title="Maltese Braille">Maltese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Braille" title="Māori Braille">Māori</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Braille" title="Navajo Braille">Navajo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_braille" title="Nigerian braille">Nigerian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Braille" title="Philippine Braille">Philippine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_Braille" title="Polish Braille">Polish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Braille" title="Portuguese Braille">Portuguese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Braille" title="Romanian Braille">Romanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Braille" title="Samoan Braille">Samoan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Braille" title="Slovak Braille">Slovak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_braille" title="South African braille">South African</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Braille" title="Spanish Braille">Spanish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Braille" title="Turkish Braille">Turkish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Braille" title="Vietnamese Braille">Vietnamese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Braille" title="Welsh Braille">Welsh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Braille" title="Yugoslav Braille">Yugoslav</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Braille" title="Zambian Braille">Zambian</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nordic family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Braille" title="Estonian Braille">Estonian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Braille" title="Faroese Braille">Faroese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Braille" title="Icelandic Braille">Icelandic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Scandinavian</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Danish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Finnish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Greenlandic</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi_Braille" title="Northern Sámi Braille">Northern Sámi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Norwegian</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Swedish</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Braille" title="Belarusian Braille">Belarusian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Braille" title="Bulgarian Braille">Bulgarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Braille" title="Kazakh Braille">Kazakh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Braille" title="Mongolian Braille">Mongolian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Braille" title="Russian Braille">Russian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tatar_Braille" title="Tatar Braille">Tatar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Braille" title="Ukrainian Braille">Ukrainian</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egyptian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Braille" title="Arabic Braille">Arabic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Persian_Braille" title="Persian Braille">Persian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (Pakistan)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Bharati Braille</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_Braille" title="Devanagari Braille">Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Braille" title="Bengali Braille">Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Braille" title="Gujarati Braille">Gujarati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Braille" title="Kannada Braille">Kannada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_Braille" title="Malayalam Braille">Malayalam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odia_Braille" title="Odia Braille">Odia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Braille" title="Punjabi Braille">Punjabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Braille" title="Sinhala Braille">Sinhala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Braille" title="Tamil Braille">Tamil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Braille" title="Telugu Braille">Telugu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (India)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez Braille">Amharic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Braille" title="Armenian Braille">Armenian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Braille" title="Burmese Braille">Burmese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dzongkha_Braille" title="Dzongkha Braille">Dzongkha</a> (Bhutanese)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Braille" title="Georgian Braille">Georgian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Braille" title="Greek Braille">Greek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Braille" title="Hebrew Braille">Hebrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut</a> (reassigned vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Braille" title="Khmer Braille">Khmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thai_and_Lao_Braille" title="Thai and Lao Braille">Thai and Lao</a> (Japanese vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Braille" title="Tibetan Braille">Tibetan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reordered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Braille" title="Algerian Braille">Algerian Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequency-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Braille" title="American Braille">American Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Chinese semi-syllabaries</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Mainland Chinese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Two-cell_Chinese_Braille" title="Two-cell Chinese Braille">Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Braille" title="Korean Braille">Korean</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight-dot</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_kanji" title="Braille kanji">Kanji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (GS8)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols in braille</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_music" title="Braille music">Braille music</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_currency_tactile_feature" title="Canadian currency tactile feature">Canadian currency marks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Computer_Braille_Code" title="Computer Braille Code">Computer Braille Code</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (science; GS8/GS6)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nemeth_Braille" title="Nemeth Braille">Nemeth braille code</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Braille_technology" title="Braille technology">Braille technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">Braille embosser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_translator" title="Braille translator">Braille translator</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_watch" title="Braille watch">Braille watch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mountbatten_Brailler" title="Mountbatten Brailler">Mountbatten Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Optical_braille_recognition" title="Optical braille recognition">Optical braille recognition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perforation" title="Perforation">Perforation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perkins_Brailler" title="Perkins Brailler">Perkins Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slate_and_stylus" title="Slate and stylus">Slate and stylus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braigo" title="Braigo">Braigo</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Barbier" title="Charles Barbier">Charles Barbier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BCa_Czacka" title="Róża Czacka">Róża Czacka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Ha%C3%BCy" title="Valentin Haüy">Valentin Haüy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harris_Mowbray" title="Harris Mowbray">Harris Mowbray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thakur_Vishva_Narain_Singh" title="Thakur Vishva Narain Singh">Thakur Vishva Narain Singh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberken" title="Sabriye Tenberken">Sabriye Tenberken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Bell_Wait" title="William Bell Wait">William Bell Wait</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Institute_of_America" title="Braille Institute of America">Braille Institute of America</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Without_Borders" title="Braille Without Borders">Braille Without Borders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japan_Braille_Library" title="Japan Braille Library">Japan Braille Library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Braille_Association" title="National Braille Association">National Braille Association</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Blindness_organizations" title="Category:Blindness organizations">Blindness organizations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Schools_for_the_blind" title="Category:Schools for the blind">Schools for the blind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind" title="American Printing House for the Blind">American Printing House for the Blind</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Tactile_alphabet" title="Tactile alphabet">tactile alphabets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decapoint" title="Decapoint">Decapoint</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Night_writing" title="Night writing">Night writing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vibratese" title="Vibratese">Vibratese</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Accessible_publishing" title="Accessible publishing">Accessible publishing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_literacy" title="Braille literacy">Braille literacy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RoboBraille" title="RoboBraille">RoboBraille</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khom_Thai_script&oldid=1258928473">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khom_Thai_script&oldid=1258928473</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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