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href="#Cultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Cultura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sciéncias_e_tecnicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sciéncias_e_tecnicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sciéncias e tecnicas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sciéncias_e_tecnicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decès" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decès"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Decès</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decès-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liames_intèrnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ans 1850</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 94 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-94" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">94 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyos_1850" title="Anyos 1850 - aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anyos 1850" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1850" title="عقد 1850 - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عقد 1850" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85_1850" title="عوام 1850 - arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عوام 1850" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1850" title="عقد 1850 - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عقد 1850" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_del_1850" title="Década del 1850 - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Década del 1850" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-ci_ill%C9%99r" title="1850-ci illər - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1850-ci illər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-an" title="1850-an - balinés" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1850-an" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%D1%8F" title="1850-я - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1850-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%D1%8F" title="1850-я - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1850-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%D1%82%D0%B5" title="1850-те - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1850-те" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_1850" title="Bloavezhioù 1850 - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bloavezhioù 1850" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-e" title="1850-e - bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1850-e" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A8cada_del_1850" title="Dècada del 1850 - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dècada del 1850" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850_ni%C3%A8ng-d%C3%A2i" title="1850 nièng-dâi - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1850 nièng-dâi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="1850-мĕш çулсем - chovash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1850-мĕш çулсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chovash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850au" title="1850au - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1850au" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850%27erne" title="1850'erne - danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1850'erne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850er" title="1850er - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1850er" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_1850" title="An 1850 - Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="An 1850" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850s" title="1850s - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="1850s" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-aj_jaroj" title="1850-aj jaroj - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1850-aj jaroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1os_1850" title="Años 1850 - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Años 1850" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850._aastad" title="1850. aastad - estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1850. aastad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850eko_hamarkada" title="1850eko hamarkada - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1850eko hamarkada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%87_%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B5%DB%B0_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="دهه ۱۸۵۰ (میلادی) - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دهه ۱۸۵۰ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-luku" title="1850-luku - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1850-luku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%C3%A1rini" title="1850-árini - feroés" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1850-árini" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1850" title="Années 1850 - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Années 1850" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ans_1850" title="Ans 1850 - francoprovençal" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ans 1850" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovençal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850id%C3%AD" title="1850idí - irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1850idí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1850年代 - xinès gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1850年代" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="xinès gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850an" title="1850an - gaelic escossés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1850an" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1850" title="Década de 1850 - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Década de 1850" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-50_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-19" title="שנות ה-50 של המאה ה-19 - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שנות ה-50 של המאה ה-19" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850s" title="1850s - hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1850s" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-es_%C3%A9vek" title="1850-es évek - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1850-es évek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-an" title="1850-an - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1850-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yari_1850a" title="Yari 1850a - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Yari 1850a" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1851-1860" title="1851-1860 - islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1851-1860" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1850" title="Anni 1850 - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anni 1850" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1850年代 - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1850年代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-an" title="1850-an - javanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1850-an" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="1850-იანები - georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1850-იანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850%EB%85%84%EB%8C%80" title="1850년대 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1850년대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81" title="1850-ӧд вояс - komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1850-ӧд вояс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1850" title="Anni 1850 - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Anni 1850" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1850" title="Anni 1850 - lígur" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Anni 1850" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="lígur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850._gadi" title="1850. gadi - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1850. gadi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%D1%82%D0%B8" title="1850-ти - macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1850-ти" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.चे १८५० चे दशक - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे १८५० चे दशक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-an" title="1850-an - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1850-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850_%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C" title="1850 це иеть - mordovià erza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1850 це иеть" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="mordovià erza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-1859" title="1850-1859 - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1850-1859" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%C3%A5rene" title="1850-årene - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1850-årene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%C3%A9es_1850" title="Annaées 1850 - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Annaées 1850" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850s" title="1850s - sotho septentrional" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1850s" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-lugu_vuvvet" title="1850-lugu vuvvet - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1850-lugu vuvvet" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%D1%82%C3%A6" title="1850-тæ - osseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1850-тæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="1850 ਦਾ ਦਹਾਕਾ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1850 ਦਾ ਦਹਾਕਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lata_50._XIX_wieku" title="Lata 50. XIX wieku - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lata 50. XIX wieku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1850" title="Década de 1850 - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Década de 1850" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850_watakuna" title="1850 watakuna - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1850 watakuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anii_1850" title="Anii 1850 - romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anii 1850" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="1850-е годы - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1850-е годы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%D1%81" title="1850-с - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1850-с" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850ini" title="1850ini - sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1850ini" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-lohku" title="1850-lohku - sami septentrional" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1850-lohku" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-e" title="1850-e - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1850-e" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850s" title="1850s - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1850s" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/50._roky_19._storo%C4%8Dia" title="50. roky 19. storočia - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="50. roky 19. storočia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850." title="1850. - eslovèn" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1850." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitet_1850" title="Vitet 1850 - albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vitet 1850" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%D0%B5" title="1850-е - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1850-е" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-an" title="1850-an - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1850-an" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-talet" title="1850-talet - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1850-talet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miaka_ya_1850" title="Miaka ya 1850 - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Miaka ya 1850" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="1850கள் - tamol" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1850கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%B8_1850_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D3%A3)" title="Даҳаи 1850 (мелодӣ) - tajic" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Даҳаи 1850 (мелодӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9_1850" title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1850 - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1850" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850%C3%BD%C3%BD" title="1850ýý - turcmèn" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1850ýý" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcmèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850%27ler" title="1850'ler - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1850'ler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1850-еллар - tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1850-еллар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%D1%82%D1%96" title="1850-ті - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1850-ті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850%D8%A1_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="1850ء کی دہائی - ordó" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1850ء کی دہائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ordó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-lar" title="1850-lar - ozbèc" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1850-lar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%ADp_ni%C3%AAn_1850" title="Thập niên 1850 - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thập niên 1850" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%AAyes_1850" title="Anêyes 1850 - való" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Anêyes 1850" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="való" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850_nga_dekada" title="1850 nga dekada - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1850 nga dekada" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1850年代 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1850年代" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="1850-იანეფი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1850-იანეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="1850ער - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1850ער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1850年代 - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1850年代" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850_n%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="1850 nî-tāi - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1850 nî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1850年代 - cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1850年代" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q40927#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modificar los ligams interlenga" class="wbc-editpage">Modificar los ligams</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacis de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ans_1850" title="Veire l’article [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discutir:Ans_1850&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion a prepaus d'aquesta pagina (la pagina existís pas) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">occitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Afichatges"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ans_1850"><span>Legir</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1850&veaction=edit" title="Modificar aquela pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1850&action=edit" title="Modificar lo còdi font d'aquela pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1850&action=history" title="Los autors e versions precedentas d'aquesta pagina. 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| <a href="/wiki/Ans_1830" title="Ans 1830">Ans 1830</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ans_1840" title="Ans 1840">Ans 1840</a> | <b> Ans 1850</b> | <a href="/wiki/Ans_1860" title="Ans 1860">Ans 1860</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ans_1870" title="Ans 1870">Ans 1870</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ans_1880" title="Ans 1880">Ans 1880</a> | <a href="/wiki/Ans_1890" title="Ans 1890">../..</a></center> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istòria"><span id="Ist.C3.B2ria"></span>Istòria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1850&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modificar la seccion : Istòria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1850&action=edit&section=1" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Istòria"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Rev%C3%B2uta_Taiping" title="Revòuta Taiping">Revòuta Taiping</a>.</div> <p><b>1851</b> : començament de la <a href="/wiki/Rev%C3%B2uta_Taiping" title="Revòuta Taiping">Revòuta Taiping</a> amb la presa de la vila fortificada de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yong%27an&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yong'an (la pagina existís pas)">Yong'an</a>. Dins lo nòrd dau país, començament de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rev%C3%B2uta_dei_Nian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revòuta dei Nian (la pagina existís pas)">Revòuta dei Nian</a> après una venguda deis aigas catastroficas dau <a href="/wiki/Fluvi_Jaune" title="Fluvi Jaune">Fluvi Jaune</a>. <br /> <b>1852</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, un referendum restaurèt l'Empèri sota la direccion de <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a>. <br /> <b>1852</b> : perseguida dei debats e dei luchas regardant l'abolicion ò lo mantenement de l'<a href="/wiki/Esclavatge" title="Esclavatge">esclavatge</a> amb la publicacion dau roman <i>Uncle Tom's Cabin</i> de la jornalista e escribana <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harriet_Beecher_Stowe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe (la pagina existís pas)">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a> (<a href="/wiki/1811" class="mw-redirect" title="1811">1811</a>-<a href="/wiki/1896" class="mw-redirect" title="1896">1896</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Succès major, lo libre agravèt lei tensions entre lei dos camps e aguèt un ròtle important dins lei progrès de l'abolicionisme entre lei populacions dau nòrd deis <a href="/wiki/Estats_Units_d%27America" title="Estats Units d'America">Estats Units d'America</a>. <br /> <b>1853</b> : conclusion de la <a href="/wiki/Crompa_Gadsden" title="Crompa Gadsden">Crompa Gadsden</a> amb <a href="/wiki/Mexic" title="Mexic">Mexic</a>. Permetèt l'annexion d'un territòri d'aperaquí 77 000 km² dau <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rd" title="Nòrd">nòrd</a> <a href="/wiki/Mexic" title="Mexic">mexican</a> en cambi de 10 milions de <a href="/wiki/Dolar" class="mw-disambig" title="Dolar">dolars</a>. Aquò deviá permetre de bastir un <a href="/wiki/Camin_de_f%C3%A8rre" title="Camin de fèrre">camin de fèrre</a> transcontinentau mai lo projècte mau capitèt. Lo territòri novèu foguèt integrat au sen de <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2u_Mexic" title="Nòu Mexic">Nòu Mexic</a> (après la Guèrra de Secession, una partida foguèt cedida a <a href="/wiki/Ariz%C3%B2na" title="Arizòna">Arizòna</a>). <br /> <b>1853</b> : progrès de la <a href="/wiki/Rev%C3%B2uta_Taiping" title="Revòuta Taiping">Revòuta Taiping</a> après la conquista de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanquin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanquin (la pagina existís pas)">Nanquin</a> (19 de març) que venguèt la capitala de l'insureccion. En revènge, una ofensiva dei rebèls en direccion de <a href="/wiki/Pequin" title="Pequin">Pequin</a> mau capitèt a la fin de l'annada maugrat l'ocupacion de <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a> (30 d'octòbre). <br /> <b>1853-1854</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Japon" title="Japon">Japon</a>, arribada d'una flòta <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">estatsunidenca</a> cargada de fòrçar lo país a abandonar sa politica isolacionista. En parallèl, mòrt dau shogun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokugawa_Ieyoshi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tokugawa Ieyoshi (la pagina existís pas)">Tokugawa Ieyoshi</a> que foguèt remplaçat per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokugawa_Iesada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tokugawa Iesada (la pagina existís pas)">Tokugawa Iesada</a>. Dins lei fachs, sei conselhiers assegurèron la gestion de l'Estat. Lei Japonés foguèron obligadas de signar la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Convencion_de_Kanagawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Convencion de Kanagawa (la pagina existís pas)">Convencion de Kanagawa</a> que durbiguèt lei <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B2rt" class="mw-disambig" title="Pòrt">pòrts</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shimoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shimoda (la pagina existís pas)">Shimoda</a> e de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hakodate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hakodate (la pagina existís pas)">Hakodate</a> ais <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">Estatsunidencs</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">Reiaume Unit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> e lei <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%AFses_Basses" title="Païses Basses">País Bas</a> impausèron rapidament de tractats similars. Aquò marquèt la fin de l'isolacionisme <a href="/wiki/Japon" title="Japon">japonés</a>. L'efiech sus lo prestigi dau Shogunat foguèt catastrofica e aquela umiliacion aguèt un ròtle important sus la restauracion dau poder de l'emperaire (→ <a href="/wiki/1867" class="mw-redirect" title="1867">1867</a>). <br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:James_Robertson_(British_-_Sailor%27s_Battery_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/James_Robertson_%28British_-_Sailor%27s_Battery_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-James_Robertson_%28British_-_Sailor%27s_Battery_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/James_Robertson_%28British_-_Sailor%27s_Battery_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-James_Robertson_%28British_-_Sailor%27s_Battery_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/James_Robertson_%28British_-_Sailor%27s_Battery_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-James_Robertson_%28British_-_Sailor%27s_Battery_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4205" data-file-height="3336" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fotografia" title="Fotografia">Fotografia</a> d'una posicion d'<a href="/wiki/Artilhari%C3%A1" title="Artilhariá">artilhariá</a> britanica durant la <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_de_Crim%C3%A8a" title="Guèrra de Crimèa">Guèrra de Crimèa</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_de_Crim%C3%A8a" title="Guèrra de Crimèa">Guèrra de Crimèa</a>.</div> <p><b>1853-1856</b> : <a href="/wiki/Gu%C3%A8rra_de_Crim%C3%A8a" title="Guèrra de Crimèa">guèrra de Crimèa</a> entre <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> e una aliança gropant l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Otoman" title="Empèri Otoman">Empèri Otoman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> e lo <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">Reiaume Unit</a>. Entraïnada per lei menaçadas russas en direccion de l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Otoman" title="Empèri Otoman">Empèri Otoman</a>, s'acabèt per una victòria aliada que permetèt d'empedir tota expansion russa vèrs lo sud. Pasmens, leis Otomans deguèron acceptar de laissar una autonòmia larga ai principats de <a href="/wiki/Valaquia" title="Valaquia">Valaquia</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Mold%C3%A0via_(region)" title="Moldàvia (region)">Moldàvia</a>. <br /> <b>1854</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Etiopia" title="Etiopia">Etiopia</a>, raprochament de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tewodros_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tewodros II (la pagina existís pas)">Kassa Hailu</a> amb l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abuna (la pagina existís pas)">abuna</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Selama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selama (la pagina existís pas)">Selama</a> que l'ajudèt per reglar la crisi teologica que tocava la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gl%C3%A8isa_Ortod%C3%B2xa_Etiopiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glèisa Ortodòxa Etiopiana (la pagina existís pas)">Glèisa Etiopiana</a> dempuei de decennis. La doctrina <i>sost lidet</i> foguèt condamnada e la teoria <i>tewahedo</i> foguèt oficialament adoptada per la totalitat de la Glèisa. Aquò permetèt a Kassa de ganhar lo sostèn de l'abuna dins sei projèctes de coronament. <br /> <b>1854</b> : importants combats entre leis armadas Taiping e <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Qing" title="Dinastia Qing">Qing</a> a l'entorn de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Changsha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Changsha (la pagina existís pas)">Changsha</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>. <br /> <b>1854</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Japon" title="Japon">Japon</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A8rratrem" title="Tèrratrem">tèrratrem</a> dins la region de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tokai (la pagina existís pas)">Tokai</a> (10 000 mòrts). <br /> <b>1855</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Etiopia" title="Etiopia">Etiopia</a>, la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batalha_de_Deresge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batalha de Deresge (la pagina existís pas)">batalha de Deresge</a> permetèt a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tewodros_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tewodros II (la pagina existís pas)">Kassa Hailu</a> de venir negus sota lo nom de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tewodros_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tewodros II (la pagina existís pas)">Tewodros II</a>. Aquò marquèt la fin dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Temps_dei_Princes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temps dei Princes (la pagina existís pas)">Temps dei Princes</a> e la restauracion d'un poder centrau fòrt per lo premier còp dempuei <a href="/wiki/1768" class="mw-redirect" title="1768">1768</a>-<a href="/wiki/1769" class="mw-redirect" title="1769">1769</a>. Lo sobeiran novèu poguèt ansin aisament conquistar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Choa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Choa (la pagina existís pas)">Choa</a>. <br /> <b>1855</b> : après l'umiliacion de <a href="/wiki/1854" class="mw-redirect" title="1854">1854</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japon" title="Japon">Japon</a> adoptèt una politica de modernizacion. De comandas foguèron passadas per construrre de <a href="/wiki/Naviri" title="Naviri">naviris</a> de guèrra modèrnes e una escòla militara organizada segon lo modèl occidentau. Japon recebèt ansin son premier naviri de vapor dins lo corrent de l'annada, lo <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanko_Maru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanko Maru (la pagina existís pas)">Kanko Maru</a></i>, e o destinèt a l'entraïnament de sa futura marina. L'estudi dei <a href="/wiki/Sci%C3%A9ncia" title="Sciéncia">sciéncias</a> occidentalas (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rangaku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rangaku (la pagina existís pas)">Rangaku</a></i>), qu'èra limitat, foguèt d'ara endavant fòrça encoratjat. <br /> <b>1856</b> : adopcion d'una politica de modernizacion per lo <a href="/wiki/Negus" class="mw-redirect" title="Negus">negus</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tewodros_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tewodros II (la pagina existís pas)">Tewodros II</a> que favorizèt l'introduccion de <a href="/wiki/Tecnologia" title="Tecnologia">tecnologias</a> europèas. <br /> <b>1856</b> : començament de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Segonda_Gu%C3%A8rra_de_l%27%C3%B2pi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Segonda Guèrra de l'òpi (la pagina existís pas)">Segonda Guèrra de l'òpi</a> entre una aliança francobritanica e <a href="/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China" title="Republica Populara de China">China</a>. Aquò permetèt ai Taiping de subreviure maugrat plusors desfachas còntra lei tropas imperialas. <br /> <b>1856</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rev%C3%B2uta_dei_Panthay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revòuta dei Panthay (la pagina existís pas)">Revòuta dei Panthay</a> que capitèt de conquistar la vila de Dali ont un sultanat foguèt proclamat. <br /> <b>1857</b> : dins l'encastre dau debat sus l'abolicion de l'<a href="/wiki/Esclavatge" title="Esclavatge">esclavatge</a>, publicacion d'un libre titulat <i>Cannibals All! or Slaves Without Masters</i> per <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Fitzhugh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Fitzhugh (la pagina existís pas)">George Fitzhugh</a> (<a href="/wiki/1806" class="mw-redirect" title="1806">1806</a>-<a href="/wiki/1881" class="mw-redirect" title="1881">1881</a>). Fòrça <a href="/wiki/Racisme" title="Racisme">racista</a>, aquela òbra es un deis argumentaris pus detalhats dei partisans de l'<a href="/wiki/Esclavatge" title="Esclavatge">esclavatge</a>. Premier, denoncia la manca d'umanitat dau sistèma capitalista deis estats dau nòrd, compres lei condicions fòrças duras dau trabalh dei fremas e deis enfants. Puei, après una comparason amb lei condicions de vida deis esclaus depintadas coma melhoras (proteccion per lo mèstre de la naissença a la mòrt), denoncièt l'ipocrisia dau nòrd e concluguèt sus l'aspèct pus uman de l'esclavatge<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Aquò suscitèt una colèra importanta au sen de l'elèit intellectuala dau Nòrd. <br /> <b>1857</b> : simbòl de son cambiament totau de <a href="/wiki/Diplomacia" title="Diplomacia">politica estrangiera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japon" title="Japon">Japon</a> recebèt son premier naviri d'eliça bastit per lei <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%AFses_Basses" title="Païses Basses">Neerlandés</a>. <br /> <b>1858</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Mexic" title="Mexic">Mexic</a>, insureccion dei conservadors entraïnada per la politica anticlericala dau govèrn. Leis insurgents capitèron de conquistar la <a href="/wiki/Capitala" title="Capitala">capitala</a> e lo centre dau país. Lo <a href="/wiki/Gov%C3%A8rn" title="Govèrn">govèrn</a> legau — liberau — se retirèt a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Veracruz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veracruz (la pagina existís pas)">Veracruz</a>. <br /> <b>1858</b> : fin de la premiera fasa de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Segonda_Gu%C3%A8rra_de_l%27%C3%B2pi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Segonda Guèrra de l'òpi (la pagina existís pas)">Segonda Guèrra de l'òpi</a> amb la signatura dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tractat_de_Tianjin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tractat de Tianjin (la pagina existís pas)">tractat de Tianjin</a> entre <a href="/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China" title="Republica Populara de China">China</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">Reiaume Unit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> e leis <a href="/wiki/Estats_Units_d%27America" title="Estats Units d'America">Estats Units d'America</a>. Marquèt una dubertura suplementària de China au comèrci internacionau. Pasmens, lo govèrn imperiau refusèt d'o ratificar e la guèrra contunièt. <br /> <b>1858</b> : en <a href="/wiki/Japon" title="Japon">Japon</a>, aparicion d'una epidemia de <a href="/wiki/Coler%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Colerà">colerà</a> que tuèt de centenaus de miliers d'abitants. En parallèl, de negociacions amb leis <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">Estatsunidencs</a> permetèron la signatura dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tractat_Harris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tractat Harris (la pagina existís pas)">Tractat d'Amistat e de Comèrci</a>. Èra un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tractat_inegau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tractat inegau (la pagina existís pas)">tractat inegau</a> que durbiguèt cinc <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B2rt" class="mw-disambig" title="Pòrt">pòrts</a> ais estrangiers e li donavan divèrsei privilègis coma un estatut d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Extraterritorialitat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extraterritorialitat (la pagina existís pas)">extraterritorialitat</a>. Après la desfacha <a href="/wiki/Republica_Populara_de_China" title="Republica Populara de China">chinesa</a> a l'eissida de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Segonda_Gu%C3%A8rra_de_l%27%C3%B2pi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Segonda Guèrra de l'òpi (la pagina existís pas)">Segonda Guèrra de l'òpi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japon" title="Japon">Japon</a> signèt tanben rapidement de tractats similars amb lei poissanças <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">europèas</a> e lei <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%AFses_Basses" title="Païses Basses">País Bas</a> per defugir una guèrra. Au sen de la societat japonesa, dos camps se formèron e s'opausèron entre lei partisans de la dubertura e seis adversaris. <br /> <b>1859</b> : perseguida de la guèrra civila entre conservadors e liberaus. Retirat en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Veracruz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veracruz (la pagina existís pas)">Veracruz</a>, lo govèrn liberau de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benito Juárez (la pagina existís pas)">Benito Juárez</a> decidèt de nacionalizar lei bens de la <a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%A8isa_Catolica_Romana" title="Glèisa Catolica Romana">Glèisa</a>. Aquò agravèt lo conflicte e foguèt una causa de l'invasion <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francesa</a> de <a href="/wiki/1862" class="mw-redirect" title="1862">1862</a>-<a href="/wiki/1863" class="mw-redirect" title="1863">1863</a>. <br /> <b>1859</b> : publicacion de la <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Critica_de_l%27economia_politica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Critica de l'economia politica (la pagina existís pas)">Critica de l'economia politica</a></i> dau <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosòf</a> <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemand</a> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> (<a href="/wiki/1818" class="mw-redirect" title="1818">1818</a>-<a href="/wiki/1883" class="mw-redirect" title="1883">1883</a>). Sustot dirigit còntra la pensada de <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a> (<a href="/wiki/1809" class="mw-redirect" title="1809">1809</a>-<a href="/wiki/1865" class="mw-redirect" title="1865">1865</a>), aquel obratge li permetèt de definir lei concèptes de valor d'usatge e de valor de cambi d'un ben. I presentèt pereu lo caractèr sociau, istoric e non naturau de la produccion <a href="/wiki/Capitalisme" title="Capitalisme">capitalista</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultura">Cultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1850&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modificar la seccion : Cultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1850&action=edit&section=2" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Cultura"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>1853</b> : fin de la bastida dau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palais_de_Dolmabah%C3%A7e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palais de Dolmabahçe (la pagina existís pas)">Palais de Dolmabahçe</a> a <a href="/wiki/Istambul" class="mw-redirect" title="Istambul">Istambul</a>. Mesclèt divèrseis estiles d'origina <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">europèa</a> (barròc, rococò e neoclassic) amb de trachs <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islamics</a> e venguèt lo centre administratiu principau de l'<a href="/wiki/Emp%C3%A8ri_Otoman" title="Empèri Otoman">Empèri Otoman</a> fins a <a href="/wiki/1922" class="mw-redirect" title="1922">1922</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sciéncias_e_tecnicas"><span id="Sci.C3.A9ncias_e_tecnicas"></span>Sciéncias e tecnicas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1850&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modificar la seccion : Sciéncias e tecnicas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1850&action=edit&section=3" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Sciéncias e tecnicas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>1851</b> : invencion d'una <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B2da" title="Ròda">ròda</a> novèla per lei <a href="/wiki/Molin_d%27aiga" title="Molin d'aiga">molins d'aiga</a> per l'<a href="/wiki/Engenhari%C3%A1" title="Engenhariá">engenhaire</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphonse_Sagebien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alphonse Sagebien (la pagina existís pas)">Alphonse Sagebien</a> (<a href="/wiki/1807" class="mw-redirect" title="1807">1807</a>-<a href="/wiki/1892" class="mw-redirect" title="1892">1892</a>). Permetèt d'aumentar d'un biais important lo rendement mai aqueu sistèma — e tota la tecnologia dei molins d'aiga — foguèt lèu suplantat per l'eficacitat dei <a href="/wiki/Turbina" title="Turbina">turbinas</a>. <br /> <b>1851</b> : lo <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">Francés</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustave_Le_Gray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustave Le Gray (la pagina existís pas)">Gustave Le Gray</a> (<a href="/wiki/1820" class="mw-redirect" title="1820">1820</a>-<a href="/wiki/1884" class="mw-redirect" title="1884">1884</a>) e lo <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">Britanic</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Scott_Archer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Scott Archer (la pagina existís pas)">Frederick Scott Archer</a> (<a href="/wiki/1813" class="mw-redirect" title="1813">1813</a>-<a href="/wiki/1857" class="mw-redirect" title="1857">1857</a>) desvolopèron d'un biais independent un procès fotografic, dich <a href="/w/index.php?title=Collodion_umid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collodion umid (la pagina existís pas)">collodion umid</a>, qu'anava s'impausar fins ais ans 1870. A respècte dei sistèmas precedents, utilizava una solucion de <a href="/wiki/Nitrocellul%C3%B2sa" title="Nitrocellulòsa">nitrocellulòsa</a>, d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Alco%C3%B2l&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alcoòl (la pagina existís pas)">alcoòl</a> e d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Et%C3%A8r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etèr (la pagina existís pas)">etèr</a> per melhorar la fixacion de l'imatge au supòrt. La qualitat de l'imatge èra tanben superiora. En revènge, la tecnica necessitava tractament rapide per revelar l'imatge e la <a href="/wiki/Nitrocellul%C3%B2sa" title="Nitrocellulòsa">nitrocellulòsa</a> es una substància perilhosa en causa de son caractèr fòrça inflamable. Tres variantas d'aquela tecnica apareguèt : l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambrotupe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambrotupe (la pagina existís pas)">ambrotupe</a> (un imatge positiu sus una placa de veire), lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrotipe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferrotipe (la pagina existís pas)">ferrotipe</a> ò <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tintipe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tintipe (la pagina existís pas)">tintipe</a> (un imatge positiu sus una placa de metau) e un metòde basat sus un imatge negatiu sus una vitra. <br /> <b>1852</b> : premiera enonciacion dau premier e dau segond principis de la <a href="/wiki/Termodinamica" title="Termodinamica">termodinamica</a> per <a href="/wiki/William_Thomson,_Lord_Kelvin" title="William Thomson, Lord Kelvin">William Thomson (lord Kelvin)</a>. <br /> <b>1852</b> : premiers calculs relativament precís de l'altitud dau <a href="/wiki/Mont_Everest" title="Mont Everest">Mont Everest</a> per lo <a href="/wiki/Matematicas" title="Matematicas">matematician</a> <a href="/wiki/Bengala" title="Bengala">bengalin</a> <a href="/wiki/Radhanath_Sikdar" title="Radhanath Sikdar">Radhanath Sikdar</a> (<a href="/wiki/1813" class="mw-redirect" title="1813">1813</a>-<a href="/wiki/1870" class="mw-redirect" title="1870">1870</a>). Sa natura de cima pus auta de la <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A8rra" title="Tèrra">Tèrra</a>, sospichada dempuei la fin deis <a href="/wiki/Ans_1840" title="Ans 1840">ans 1840</a>, foguèt ansin confiermada. Pasmens, l'anóncia foguèt pas oficializada per permetre de calculs suplementaris amb de metòdes pus precís. <br /> <b>1853</b> : premiera definicion de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Energina_potenciala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energina potenciala (la pagina existís pas)">energina potenciala</a>. Foguèt exprimida per <a href="/wiki/William_Rankine" title="William Rankine">William Rankine</a> (<a href="/wiki/1820" class="mw-redirect" title="1820">1820</a>-<a href="/wiki/1872" class="mw-redirect" title="1872">1872</a>) en <a href="/wiki/1853" class="mw-redirect" title="1853">1853</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <br /> <b>1854</b> : publicacion deis observacions dau mètge <a href="/wiki/Esc%C3%B2cia" title="Escòcia">escocés</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Young_Simpson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Young Simpson (la pagina existís pas)">James Young Simpson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1811" class="mw-redirect" title="1811">1811</a>-<a href="/wiki/1870" class="mw-redirect" title="1870">1870</a>) regardant lo <a href="/wiki/Tetan%C3%B2s" title="Tetanòs">tetanòs</a>. Per lo premier còp, establiguèron un liame entre la <a href="/wiki/Malauti%C3%A1" title="Malautiá">malautiá</a> e una plaga (→ <a href="/wiki/1884" class="mw-redirect" title="1884">1884</a>). <br /> <b>1854</b> : l'astronòm <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Franz_Encke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Franz Encke (la pagina existís pas)">Johann Franz Encke</a> (1791-1865), director de l'observatòri de Berlin, definís lo sistèma de notacion modèrne deis <a href="/wiki/Astero%C3%AFde" title="Asteroïde">asteroïdes</a>. <br /> <b>1855</b> : publicacion de l'obratge de l'engenhaire <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">estatsunidenc</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Bichens_Francis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Bichens Francis (la pagina existís pas)">James Bichens Francis</a> (<a href="/wiki/1815" class="mw-redirect" title="1815">1815</a>-<a href="/wiki/1892" class="mw-redirect" title="1892">1892</a>) sus lei <a href="/wiki/Turbina" title="Turbina">turbinas</a> <a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Fourneyron" title="Benoît Fourneyron">Fourneyron</a>. La turbina Francis èra un melhorament important (rendement pus important, talha pus febla) e se generalizèt pauc a pauc ais Estats Units (annadas 1870) e en <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a> (annadas 1900). <br /> <b>1855</b> : publicacion de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A8i_de_Fick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lèi de Fick (la pagina existís pas)">lèi de Fick</a> permetent de liar flux e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gradient&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gradient (la pagina existís pas)">gradient</a> de concentracion d'una espècia quimica diluïda per lo <a href="/wiki/Fisiologia" title="Fisiologia">fisiologista</a> <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemand</a> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Fick" title="Adolf Fick">Adolf Fick</a> (<a href="/wiki/1829" class="mw-redirect" title="1829">1829</a>-<a href="/wiki/1901" class="mw-redirect" title="1901">1901</a>). <br /> <b>1855</b> : depaus d'un brevet per lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proc%C3%A8s_Bessemer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Procès Bessemer (la pagina existís pas)">procès Bessemer</a> (→ <a href="/wiki/1864" class="mw-redirect" title="1864">1864</a> e <a href="/wiki/1877" class="mw-redirect" title="1877">1877</a>). Permetiá l'afinatge de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonda (la pagina existís pas)">fonda</a> bruta e de fabricar un <a href="/wiki/Aci%C3%A8r" title="Acièr">acier</a> pauc costós. Perfeccionat mai d'un còp, revolucionèt la <a href="/wiki/Siderurgia" title="Siderurgia">siderurgia</a>, permetèt d'aumentar la produccion d'<a href="/wiki/Aci%C3%A8r" title="Acièr">acier</a> e entraïnèt l'aparicion de la siderurgia industriala. Son principi èra d'utilizar un flux d'èr per eliminar leis impuretats contengudas dins la fonda. Tecnologicament passat a partir dau començament dau sègle XX, demorèt utilizat fins ais <a href="/wiki/Ans_1960" title="Ans 1960">ans 1960</a>. <br /> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Seismographic_world_map_1858.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Seismographic_world_map_1858.png/220px-Seismographic_world_map_1858.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Seismographic_world_map_1858.png/330px-Seismographic_world_map_1858.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Seismographic_world_map_1858.png/440px-Seismographic_world_map_1858.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Carta de la sismicitat mondiala realizada en <a href="/wiki/1858" class="mw-redirect" title="1858">1858</a> per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Mallet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Mallet (la pagina existís pas)">Robert Mallet</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>1857-1858</b> : publicacion dei premierei cartas de sismicitat per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Mallet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Mallet (la pagina existís pas)">Robert Mallet</a> (<a href="/wiki/1810" class="mw-redirect" title="1810">1810</a>-<a href="/wiki/1881" class="mw-redirect" title="1881">1881</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <br /> <b>1858</b> : publicacion dau matematician <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">britanic</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Cayley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Cayley (la pagina existís pas)">Arthur Cayley</a> (<a href="/wiki/1821" class="mw-redirect" title="1821">1821</a>-<a href="/wiki/1895" class="mw-redirect" title="1895">1895</a>) qu'utilizèt per lo premier còp de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matri%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matriça (la pagina existís pas)">matriças</a>. <br /> <b>1859</b> : per assaiar d'explicar lo movement particular de la planeta <a href="/wiki/Mercuri_(planeta)" title="Mercuri (planeta)">Mercuri</a>, l'astronòm <a href="/wiki/Urbain_Le_Verrier" title="Urbain Le Verrier">Urbain Le Verrier</a> prepausèt l'existéncia d'una planeta de descubrir, dicha <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulcan_(planeta)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vulcan (planeta) (la pagina existís pas)">Vulcan</a>, entre <a href="/wiki/Mercuri_(planeta)" title="Mercuri (planeta)">Mercuri</a> e lo <a href="/wiki/Soleu" title="Soleu">Soleu</a>. Pasmens, lei campanhas de recèrca donèron ges de resultat (→ <a href="/wiki/1916" class="mw-redirect" title="1916">1916</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decès"><span id="Dec.C3.A8s"></span>Decès</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1850&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modificar la seccion : Decès" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1850&action=edit&section=4" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Decès"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amedeo_Avogadro" title="Amedeo Avogadro">Amedeo Avogadro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quimia" title="Quimia">quimista</a> <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Italian</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_de_Balzac" title="Honoré de Balzac">Honoré de Balzac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Literatura" title="Literatura">escrivan</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Beaufort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Beaufort (la pagina existís pas)">Francis Beaufort</a>, amirau <a href="/wiki/Reialme_Unit" title="Reialme Unit">britanic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_Gottlieb_von_Bellingshausen" title="Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen">Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen</a>, explorator e <a href="/wiki/Amirau" title="Amirau">amirau</a> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">rus</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Catherwood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Catherwood (la pagina existís pas)">Frederick Catherwood</a>, dessenhaire <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">anglés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Daguerre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Daguerre (la pagina existís pas)">Louis Daguerre</a>, inventor <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Diabelli" title="Anton Diabelli">Anton Diabelli</a>, compositor <a href="/wiki/%C3%80ustria" title="Àustria">austrian</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Enc%C3%B2ntra" title="German Encòntra">German Encòntra</a>, escrivan <a href="/wiki/Occit%C3%A0nia" title="Occitània">occitan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almeida_Garret" class="mw-redirect" title="Almeida Garret">Almeida Garret</a>, escrivan <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">portugués</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Joseph_Gay-Lussac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac (la pagina existís pas)">Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quimia" title="Quimia">quimista</a> e <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisician</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Humboldt" title="Alexander von Humboldt">Alexander von Humboldt</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturalisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naturalisme (la pagina existís pas)">naturalista</a> <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemand</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamehameha_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamehameha III (la pagina existís pas)">Kamehameha III</a>, rèi d'<a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Søren Kierkegaard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosòf</a> <a href="/wiki/Danemarc" title="Danemarc">danés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Simon_Ohm" title="Georg Simon Ohm">Georg Simon Ohm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisician</a> <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemand</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Orsted&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Orsted (la pagina existís pas)">Christian Orsted</a>, sabent <a href="/wiki/Danemarc" title="Danemarc">danés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Robert Peel</a>, Premier Ministre dau <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Reiaume Unit">Reiaume Unit</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_II_de_Portugal" title="Maria II de Portugal">Maria II</a>, rèina de <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugau</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthew_Perry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthew Perry (la pagina existís pas)">Matthew Perry</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comod%C3%B2r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comodòr (la pagina existís pas)">comodòr</a> <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">estatsunidenc</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_de_Quincey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas de Quincey (la pagina existís pas)">Thomas de Quincey</a>, escrivan <a href="/wiki/Anglat%C3%A8rra" title="Anglatèrra">anglés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_John_Robinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick John Robinson (la pagina existís pas)">Frederick John Robinson</a>, Premier Ministre dau <a href="/wiki/Reiaume_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Reiaume Unit">Reiaume Unit</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustin_Fran%C3%A7ois_C%C3%A9sar_Prouven%C3%A7al_de_Saint-Hilaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustin François César Prouvençal de Saint-Hilaire (la pagina existís pas)">Augustin de Saint-Hilaire</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturalisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naturalisme (la pagina existís pas)">naturalista</a> e explorator <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Lloyd_Stephens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Lloyd Stephens (la pagina existís pas)">John Lloyd Stephens</a>, explorator <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">estatsunidenc</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor</a>, president <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">estatsunidenc</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Jacques_Th%C3%A9nard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Jacques Thénard (la pagina existís pas)">Louis Jacques Thénard</a>, quimista <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Alexis de Tocqueville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ist%C3%B2ria" title="Istòria">istorian</a> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">francés</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokugawa_Ieyoshi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tokugawa Ieyoshi (la pagina existís pas)">Tokugawa Ieyoshi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shogun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shogun (la pagina existís pas)">shogun</a> de <a href="/wiki/Japon" title="Japon">Japon</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liames_intèrnes"><span id="Liames_int.C3.A8rnes"></span>Liames intèrnes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1850&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modificar la seccion : Liames intèrnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1850&action=edit&section=5" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Liames intèrnes"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1850&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modificar la seccion : Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1850&action=edit&section=6" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Bibliografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nòtas_e_referéncias"><span id="N.C3.B2tas_e_refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Nòtas e referéncias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1850&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modificar la seccion : Nòtas e referéncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans_1850&action=edit&section=7" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Nòtas e referéncias"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> André Kaspi, <i>Les Américains. Tome 1 : Naissance et essor des Etats-Units 1607-1945</i>, Seuil, 1986, p. 156</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> André Kaspi, <i>Les Américains. Tome 1 : Naissance et essor des Etats-Units 1607-1945</i>, Seuil, 1986, p. 160.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9s" title="Anglés">(en)</a></b> Crosbie Smith, <i>The Science of Energy – a Cultural History of Energy Physics in Victorian Britain</i>, The University of Chicago Press, 1998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b><a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">(fr)</a></b> Charles Pomerol, Yves Lagabrielle, Maurice Renard e Stéphane Guillot, <i>Éléments de géologie</i>, Dunod, 2011, p. 212.</span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Recuperada de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ans_1850&oldid=2451145">https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ans_1850&oldid=2451145</a> »</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categorias de la pagina</a> : <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categoria:P%C3%A0gines_amb_mides_d%27imatge_que_contenen_px_addicionals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categoria:Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals (la pagina existís pas)">Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Article_redigit_en_proven%C3%A7au" title="Categoria:Article redigit en provençau">Article redigit en provençau</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Aquela pagina es estada modificada pel darrièr còp lo 9 octobre de 2024 a 20.02.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Drech_d%27autor" title="Wikipèdia:Drech d'autor">Drech d'autor</a> : Los tèxtes son disponibles jos <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licéncia Creative Commons paternitat pertatge a l’identic</a> ; d’autras condicions se pòdon aplicar. 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