CINXE.COM
Vol 86, No 1 (2025)
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en-US" xml:lang="en-US"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>Vol 86, No 1 (2025)</title> <meta name="description" content="" /> <meta name="keywords" content="" /> <meta name="generator" content=" 2.4.8.2" /> <script async='async' src='https://www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js'></script> <script> var googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { var mapping = googletag.sizeMapping(). addSize([1024, 768], [728, 90]). addSize([640, 480], [320, 50]). addSize([0, 0], [320, 50]). // Fits browsers of any size smaller than 640 x 480 build(); googletag.defineSlot('/94509720/CRL/CRL_sb_160x160', [160, 160], 'div-gpt-ad-1492806411295-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/94509720/CRL/CRL_sb_160x600', [160, 600], 'div-gpt-ad-1492806411295-1').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/94509720/CRL/CRL_top_728x90', [[320, 50], [728, 90]], 'div-gpt-ad-1492806411295-2').defineSizeMapping(mapping).addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <!-- /94509720/CRL/CRL_top_728x90 --> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1492806411295-2' style="float:none;margin:0;text-align:center;"> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1492806411295-2'); }); </script> </div> <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://crl.acrl.org/lib/pkp/styles/pkp.css" type="text/css" /> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://crl.acrl.org/lib/pkp/styles/common.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://crl.acrl.org/styles/common.css" type="text/css" />--> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://crl.acrl.org/styles/compiled.css" type="text/css" /> <!-- Base Jquery --> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://crl.acrl.org/lib/pkp/js/lib/jquery/jquery.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://crl.acrl.org/lib/pkp/js/lib/jquery/plugins/jqueryUi.min.js"></script> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://crl.acrl.org/styles/sidebar.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://crl.acrl.org/styles/rightSidebar.css" type="text/css" /> --> <!-- Default global locale keys for JavaScript --> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery.pkp = jQuery.pkp || { }; jQuery.pkp.locale = { }; jQuery.pkp.locale.form_dataHasChanged = 'The data on this form has changed. Continue anyway?'; </script> <!-- Compiled scripts --> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://crl.acrl.org/lib/pkp/js/lib/jquery/plugins/jquery.tag-it.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://crl.acrl.org/lib/pkp/js/lib/jquery/plugins/jquery.cookie.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://crl.acrl.org/lib/pkp/js/functions/fontController.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://crl.acrl.org/lib/pkp/js/functions/general.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://crl.acrl.org/lib/pkp/js/functions/jqueryValidatorI18n.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://crl.acrl.org/lib/pkp/js/classes/Helper.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://crl.acrl.org/lib/pkp/js/classes/ObjectProxy.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://crl.acrl.org/lib/pkp/js/classes/Handler.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://crl.acrl.org/lib/pkp/js/classes/linkAction/LinkActionRequest.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://crl.acrl.org/lib/pkp/js/classes/features/Feature.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://crl.acrl.org/lib/pkp/js/controllers/SiteHandler.js"></script><!-- Included only for namespace definition --> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://crl.acrl.org/lib/pkp/js/controllers/UrlInDivHandler.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://crl.acrl.org/lib/pkp/js/controllers/AutocompleteHandler.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://crl.acrl.org/lib/pkp/js/controllers/ExtrasOnDemandHandler.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://crl.acrl.org/lib/pkp/js/controllers/form/FormHandler.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://crl.acrl.org/lib/pkp/js/controllers/form/AjaxFormHandler.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://crl.acrl.org/lib/pkp/js/controllers/form/ClientFormHandler.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://crl.acrl.org/lib/pkp/js/controllers/grid/GridHandler.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://crl.acrl.org/lib/pkp/js/controllers/linkAction/LinkActionHandler.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://crl.acrl.org/js/pages/search/SearchFormHandler.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://crl.acrl.org/js/statistics/ReportGeneratorFormHandler.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://crl.acrl.org/plugins/generic/lucene/js/LuceneAutocompleteHandler.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://crl.acrl.org/lib/pkp/js/lib/jquery/plugins/jquery.pkp.js"></script> <!-- Form validation --> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://crl.acrl.org/lib/pkp/js/lib/jquery/plugins/validate/jquery.validate.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- // initialise plugins $(function(){ jqueryValidatorI18n("https://crl.acrl.org", "en_US"); // include the appropriate validation localization $(".tagit").live('click', function() { $(this).find('input').focus(); }); }); // --> </script> <!-- Add View Port --> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <!-- Add Favicon --> <link rel="icon" type="img/ico" href="https://crl.acrl.org/plugins/themes/mpg/img/favicon.ico" /> <!-- Add fonts style sheet --> <link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:300,400,700|PT+Sans:400,700,400italic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <!-- Add theme style sheet --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://crl.acrl.org/plugins/themes/mpg/css/screen.css" type="text/css" /> <link href="https://crl.acrl.org/plugins/themes/mpg/css/print.css" media="print" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://crl.acrl.org/public/site/sitestyle.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://crl.acrl.org/public/journals/5/journalStyleSheet.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="College & Research Libraries (atom+xml)" href="https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/gateway/plugin/WebFeedGatewayPlugin/atom" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rdf+xml" title="College & Research Libraries (rdf+xml)" href="https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/gateway/plugin/WebFeedGatewayPlugin/rss" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="College & Research Libraries (rss+xml)" href="https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/gateway/plugin/WebFeedGatewayPlugin/rss2" /> </head> <body id="pkp-common-openJournalSystems"> <a id="skip-to-content" href="#main">Skip to Main Content</a> <nav> <div id="fullNav"> <div id="navbar" role="navigation"> <ul class="navMenu menu"> <li id="home"><a href="https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/index">Home</a></li> <li id="current"><a href="https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/issue/current">Current Issue</a></li> <li id="archives"><a href="https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/issue/archive">Past Issues</li> <li class="navItem" id="navItem-0"><a href="https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/about/submissions#authorGuidelines">Publish</a></li> <li class="navItem" id="navItem-1"><a href="https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/about/editorialPolicies#custom-1">Alerts</a></li> <li class="navItem" id="navItem-2"><a href="https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/pages/view/events">Events</a></li> <li class="navItem" id="navItem-3"><a href="https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/pages/view/about">About</a></li> </ul> <div id="searchbar"> <form id="simpleSearchForm" method="post" action="https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/search/search"> <input id="simpleQuery" name="simpleQuery" type="text" aria-label="Search" value="" class="textField" /> <input type="hidden" id="searchField" name="searchField" value="query" /> <input type="submit" value="Search" class="button" /> </form> </div></div> <!-- End Full Nav --> </div> <div id="mobileNav"> <div id="toggle-bar"> <a class="navicon mtoggle" href="#">MAIN MENU</a> </div> <div id="navbar" role="navigation"> <ul class="navMenu menu"> <li id="home"><a href="https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/index">Home</a></li> <li id="current"><a href="https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/issue/current">Current Issue</a></li> <li id="archives"><a href="https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/issue/archive">Past Issues</li> <li class="navItem" id="navItem-0"><a href="https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/about/submissions#authorGuidelines">Publish</a></li> <li class="navItem" id="navItem-1"><a href="https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/about/editorialPolicies#custom-1">Alerts</a></li> <li class="navItem" id="navItem-2"><a href="https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/pages/view/events">Events</a></li> <li class="navItem" id="navItem-3"><a href="https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/pages/view/about">About</a></li> <li id="about"><a href="https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/about">About</a></li> <li> <div id="searchbar"> <form id="simpleSearchForm" method="post" action="https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/search/search"> <input id="simpleQuery" name="simpleQuery" type="text" aria-label="Search" value="" class="textField" /> <input type="hidden" id="searchField" name="searchField" value="query" /> <input type="submit" value="Search" class="button" /> </form> </div></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="container"> <div id="header" role="banner"> <div id="headerTitle"> <h1> <figure> <img src="https://crl.acrl.org/public/journals/5/pageHeaderTitleImage_en_US.jpg" alt="College & Research Libraries" /> </figure> </h1> </div> </div> <div id="body"> <div id="sidebar"> <div id="rightSidebar" class="slide" role="complementary"> <div class="block custom" id="customblock-Journal-Description"> <p><em>College & Research </em><em>Libraries</em> (<em>C&RL</em>) is the official, bi-monthly, online-only scholarly research journal of<br />the Association of College & Research Libraries, a division of the American Library Association.</p> <p><em>C&RL</em> is now on Instragram! <strong><a href="https://www.instagram.com/crl_acrl/">Follow us</a></strong> today.</p> </div> <div class="block custom" id="customblock-160x600"> <!-- /94509720/CRL/CRL_sb_160x600 --> <div id="div-gpt-ad-1492806411295-1" style="height: 600px; width: 160px; margin: auto;"> <script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1492806411295-1'); }); // ]]></script> </div> </div> <div class="block custom" id="customblock-Other-Journals"> <p><a href="http://crln.acrl.org">C&RL News</a></p> <p><a href="http://rbm.acrl.org">RBM</a></p> <p><a href="http://joblist.ala.org/">ALA JobLIST</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.ala.org/acrl/aboutacrl">About ACRL</a></p> <p><a href="http://www.ala.org/acrl/publications/advertisinginformation">Advertising Information</a></p> </div> <div class="block" id="sidebarPopularArticles"> <span class="blockTitle">Most Popular</span> <ul style="list-style:none; padding-left:0;"> <li style="margin-top:10px;"> <a href="https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/article/view/16944">Research is an Activity and a Subject of Study: A Proposed Metaconcept and Its Practical Application</a><br />(89105 views) </li> <li style="margin-top:10px;"> <a href="https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/article/view/16765">Information Code-Switching: A Study of Language Preferences in Academic Libraries</a><br />(45083 views) </li> <li style="margin-top:10px;"> <a href="https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/article/view/16728">Three Perspectives on Information Literacy in Academia: Talking to Librarians, Faculty, and Students</a><br />(32229 views) </li> </ul> <p style="text-align:right; padding-right:5px; font-size:12px;"><a href="https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/popularArticleListing">More >></a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main" role="main" tabindex="-1"> <div id="breadcrumb"> <a href="https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/index">Home</a> / <a href="https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/issue/archive" class="hierarchyLink">Past Issues</a> / <a href="https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/issue/view/1670" class="current">Vol 86, No 1 (2025)</a></div> <h2>Vol 86, No 1 (2025)</h2> <h3>January</h3> <div id="content" > <ul class="menu"> <li><a href="https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/issue/view/1670/showToc">Table of Contents</a></li> </ul> <br /> <div id="issueCoverImage"><a href="https://crl.acrl.org/index.php/crl/issue/view/1670/showToc"><img src="https://crl.acrl.org/public/journals/5/cover_issue_1670_en_US.jpg" alt="Cover Page" width="600" height="777"/></a></div> <div id="issueCoverDescription"></div> </div><!-- content --> </div><!-- main --> </div><!-- body --> </div><!-- container --> <div id="pageFooter"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <div class="footer-content"> <div class="right"> <p><a href="https://www.facebook.com/collegeandresearchlibraries/" class="fa fa-facebook"></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/CRL_ACRL" class="fa fa-twitter"></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/crl_acrl/" class="fa fa-instagram"></a> </div> <div class="left"> <p>漏 2024 <a href="http://www.acrl.org/">Association of College and Research Libraries</a>, a division of the <a href="http://ala.org">American Library Association</a></p> <p>Print ISSN: 0010-0870 | Online ISSN: 2150-6701</p> <p><a href="http://www.ala.org/privacypolicy">ALA Privacy Policy</a></p> </div> </div><!-- Google Analytics --> <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-4296761-12', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> <!-- End Google Analytics --><div id="standardFooter"><p>ISSN: 2150-6701</p></div> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://crl.acrl.org/plugins/themes/mpg/js/menu.js"></script> </div> </body> </html>