Calcium: The mineralogy of Calcium

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hpicdesc.push("Calcium pieces"); hpicid.push("709841");hpicarr.push("0175011001322108578.jpg"); hpicdesc.push("Bruce Limestone with \"string-of-diamonds\" micro-faulting northwest of Elliot Lake, Ontario"); hpicid.push("426973");hpicarr.push("0281208001335524323.jpg"); hpicdesc.push("Calcite - <span>CaCO<sub>3</sub></span>"); hpicid.push("462127");hpicarr.push("0417038001322805085.jpg"); hpicdesc.push("Fluorite - <span>CaF<sub>2</sub></span>"); hpicid.push("428335");hpicarr.push("0042654001363814830.jpg"); hpicdesc.push("Heavy stones"); hpicid.push("522774");hpicarr.push("03259840014456363024194.jpg"); hpicdesc.push("Pure calcium in a protective argon atmosphere"); hpicid.push("712832");hpicarr.push("02913380014456364336906.jpg"); hpicdesc.push("\'Ain Ghazal figure"); hpicid.push("712834"); function hpnext() { $("#elepic_"+hpicnt).fadeOut(400); hpicnt++; if(hpicnt==7) hpicnt=0; $("#elepic_"+hpicnt).fadeIn(400); $("#elephotodesc").html(hpicdesc[hpicnt]); $("#elephotoblock a").attr('href','/photo-'+hpicid[hpicnt]+'.html'); } function hpprev() { $("#elepic_"+hpicnt).fadeOut(400); hpicnt--; if(hpicnt<0) hpicnt=6; $("#elepic_"+hpicnt).fadeIn(400); $("#elephotodesc").html(hpicdesc[hpicnt]); $("#elephotoblock a").attr('href','/photo-'+hpicid[hpicnt]+'.html'); } </script><table class="mindattable ele50"><tr><th class="eleh2" colspan="3">Photos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="3"><div id="elephotoblock"><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/photo-709841.html"><img id="elepic_0" style="display: block;" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/element_head_06803510014444274804469.jpg" alt=""/><img id="elepic_1" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/element_head_0175011001322108578.jpg" alt=""/><img id="elepic_2" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/element_head_0281208001335524323.jpg" alt=""/><img id="elepic_3" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/element_head_0417038001322805085.jpg" alt=""/><img id="elepic_4" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/element_head_0042654001363814830.jpg" alt=""/><img id="elepic_5" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/element_head_03259840014456363024194.jpg" alt=""/><img id="elepic_6" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/element_head_02913380014456364336906.jpg" alt=""/></a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="hpicbutton"><span onclick="hpprev();"><</td><td><div id="elephotodesc">Calcium pieces</div></td><td class="hpicbutton"><span onclick="hpnext();">></span></td></tr></table><table class="mindattable ele50 th2"><tr><th colspan="2" class="eleh2">Atomic Properties</th></tr><tr><th>Electronegativity (Pauling scale):</th><td>1</td></tr><tr><th>Atomic Radius:</th><td>194 pm</td></tr><tr><th>Ionic Radius:</th><td>100 pm (+2)</td></tr><tr><th>1st Ionization energy:</th><td>590 kJ/mol</td></tr><tr><th>1st Electron affinity:</th><td>-2 kJ/mol</td></tr><tr><th>Oxidation States:</th><td>2</td></tr></table><table class="mindattable ele50 th2"><tr><th colspan="2" class="eleh2">Physical Properties</th></tr><tr><th>Standard State:</th><td>solid</td></tr><tr><th>Bonding Type:</th><td>metallic</td></tr><tr><th>Melting Point:</th><td>1115 K</td></tr><tr><th>Boiling Point:</th><td>1757 K</td></tr><tr><th>Density:</th><td>1.55 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><th>Metal/Non-Metal:</th><td>alkaline earth metal</td></tr></table><table class="mindattable ele50"><tr><th class="eleh2" colspan="5">Main isotopes of Calcium</th></tr><tr><th>Isotope</th><th>% in Nature</th><th>Half Life</th><th>Decay type</th><th>Decay product</th></tr><tr><td rowspan="1"><sup>40</sup>Ca</td><td rowspan="1">96.941%</td><td rowspan="1">>5.9×1021y</td><td><i>β+β+</i> ?</td><td><sup>40</sup><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Argon">Ar</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1"><sup>41</sup>Ca</td><td rowspan="1">trace</td><td rowspan="1">1.03×105y</td><td>ε</td><td><sup>41</sup><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Potassium">K</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1"><sup>42</sup>Ca</td><td rowspan="1">0.647%</td><td colspan="3">stable</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1"><sup>43</sup>Ca</td><td rowspan="1">0.135%</td><td colspan="3">stable</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1"><sup>44</sup>Ca</td><td rowspan="1">2.086%</td><td colspan="3">stable</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1"><sup>45</sup>Ca</td><td rowspan="1">synthetic</td><td rowspan="1">162.7d</td><td></td><td><sup>45</sup><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Scandium">Sc</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1"><sup>46</sup>Ca</td><td rowspan="1">0.004%</td><td rowspan="1">>8.8×1022y</td><td><i>β-β-</i> ?</td><td><sup>46</sup><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Titanium">Ti</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1"><sup>47</sup>Ca</td><td rowspan="1">synthetic</td><td rowspan="1">4.536d</td><td>β−</td><td><sup>47</sup><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Scandium">Sc</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"><sup>48</sup>Ca</td><td rowspan="2">0.187%</td><td rowspan="2">4.3×1019y</td><td>β-β-</td><td><sup>48</sup><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Titanium">Ti</a></td></tr><tr><td><i>β−</i> ?</td><td><sup>48</sup><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Scandium">Sc</a></td></tr></table><table class="mindattable ele50"><tr><th class="eleh2" colspan="5">Main ions of Calcium</th></tr><tr><th>Name</th><th>Ion</th><th>Example minerals</th></tr><tr><td>calcium</td><td><span class="newformula">Ca<sub class="newformsub newformabs"></sub><sup class="newformsup">2+</sup></span></td><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-859.html">Calcite</a>, <a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-246.html">Anorthite</a>, <a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-1784.html">Gypsum</a></td></tr></table><table class="mindattable ele50"><tr><th class="eleh2">Videos</th></tr><tr><td><iframe width="470" height="352" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20161205093454if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PLHckTiH1JayrSvbFKGq9sHrxnEUq3g1wx" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></td></tr></table><table class="mindattable ele50 th2"><tr><th colspan="2" class="eleh2">Other Information</th></tr><tr><th>Year Discovered:</th><td>Ancient</td></tr><tr><th>Year Isolated:</th><td>1808</td></tr><tr><th>Isolated By:</th><td><div class="userbigpicture " style="margin: auto; width: 245px;"><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/photo-712077.html"><img width="245" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/245-03455070014452896633943.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b>Humphry Davy</b></div></div></td></tr><tr><th>Named For:</th><td>from Latin: calx - "lime"</td></tr><tr><th>External Links:</th><td><a target="_blank" style="display: block" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/click.php?enc=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnL3dpa2kvQ2FsY2l1bQ%3D%3D">Wikipedia</a><a target="_blank" style="display: block" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/click.php?enc=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cud2ViZWxlbWVudHMuY29tL2NhbGNpdW0v">WebElements</a><a target="_blank" style="display: block" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/click.php?enc=aHR0cDovL3BlcmlvZGljLmxhbmwuZ292LzIwLnNodG1s">Los Alamos National Laboratory</a><a target="_blank" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/click.php?enc=aHR0cDovL3d3dy5wZXJpb2RpY3RhYmxlLmNvbS9FbGVtZW50cy8wMjAvaW5kZXguaHRtbA%3D%3D">Theodore Gray's PeriodicTable.com</a></td></tr></table><table class="mindattable ele50" id="elementabundance"><tr> <th colspan="5" class="eleh2">Simple Compounds and Mineral Names</th></tr><tr><th class="hidephone" rowspan="1">Nitrides</th><td>tricalcium dinitride</td><td><span> Ca<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub></span></td><td>+2</td><td></td></tr><tr><th class="hidephone" rowspan="1">Sulfides</th><td>calcium sulphide</td><td><span>CaS</span></td><td>+2</td><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-2970.html">Oldhamite</a></td></tr><tr><th class="hidephone" rowspan="1">Selenides</th><td>calcium selenide</td><td><span>CaSe</span></td><td>+2</td><td></td></tr><tr><th class="hidephone" rowspan="1">Tellurides</th><td>calcium telluride</td><td><span>CaTe</span></td><td>+2</td><td></td></tr><tr><th class="hidephone" rowspan="1">Hydrides</th><td>calcium dihydride</td><td><span>CaH<sub>2</sub></span></td><td>+2</td><td></td></tr><tr><th class="hidephone" rowspan="1">Hydroxides</th><td>calcium hydroxide</td><td><span>Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub></span></td><td>+2</td><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-3264.html">Portlandite</a></td></tr><tr><th class="hidephone" rowspan="1">Fluorides</th><td>calcium difluoride</td><td><span>CaF<sub>2</sub></span></td><td>+2</td><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-1576.html">Fluorite</a></td></tr><tr><th class="hidephone" rowspan="4">Chlorides</th><td>calcium dichloride</td><td><span>CaCl<sub>2</sub></span></td><td>+2</td><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-40109.html">Aquasidite</a></td></tr><tr><td>calcium dichloride dihydrate</td><td><span>CaCl<sub>2</sub> · 2H<sub>2</sub>O</span></td><td>+2</td><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-3673.html">Sinjarite</a></td></tr><tr><td>calcium dichloride tetrahydrate</td><td><span>CaCl<sub>2</sub> · 4H<sub>2</sub>O</span></td><td>+2</td><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-43592.html">Ghiaraite</a></td></tr><tr><td>calcium dichloride hexahydrate</td><td><span>CaCl<sub>2</sub> · 6H<sub>2</sub>O</span></td><td>+2</td><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-251.html">Antarcticite</a></td></tr><tr><th class="hidephone" rowspan="1">Iodides</th><td>calcium diiodide</td><td><span>CaI<sub>2</sub></span></td><td>+2</td><td></td></tr><tr><th class="hidephone" rowspan="2">Oxides</th><td>calcium oxide</td><td><span>CaO</span></td><td>+2</td><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-2401.html">Lime</a></td></tr><tr><td>calcium peroxide</td><td><span>CaO<sub>2</sub></span></td><td>+2</td><td></td></tr><tr><th class="hidephone" rowspan="3">Carbonates</th><td>calcium carbonate</td><td><span>CaCO<sub>3</sub></span></td><td>+2</td><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-859.html">Calcite</a>, <a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-307.html">Aragonite</a>, <a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-4161.html">Vaterite</a></td></tr><tr><td>calcium carbonate monohydrate</td><td><span>CaCO<sub>3</sub> · H<sub>2</sub>O</span></td><td>+2</td><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-2758.html">Monohydrocalcite</a></td></tr><tr><td>calcium carbonate hexahydrate</td><td><span>CaCO<sub>3</sub> · 6H<sub>2</sub>O</span></td><td>+2</td><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-2007.html">Ikaite</a></td></tr><tr><th class="hidephone" rowspan="2">Nitrates</th><td>calcium nitrate</td><td><span>Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></span></td><td>+2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>calcium nitrate tetrahydrate</td><td><span>Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> · 4H<sub>2</sub>O</span></td><td>+2</td><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-2919.html">Nitrocalcite</a></td></tr><tr><th class="hidephone" rowspan="3">Sulfates</th><td>calcium sulfate</td><td><span>CaSO<sub>4</sub></span></td><td>+2</td><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-234.html">Anhydrite</a></td></tr><tr><td>calcium sulfate hemihydrate</td><td><span>CaSO<sub>4</sub> · 0.5H<sub>2</sub>O</span></td><td>+2</td><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-557.html">Bassanite</a></td></tr><tr><td>calcium sulfate dihydrate</td><td><span>CaSO<sub>4</sub> · 2H<sub>2</sub>O</span></td><td>+2</td><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-1784.html">Gypsum</a></td></tr><tr><th class="hidephone" rowspan="1">Silicates</th><td>calcium silicate</td><td><span>CaSIO<sub>3</sub></span></td><td>+2</td><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-4323.html">Wollastonite</a></td></tr><table class="mindattable ele50 th2"><tr><th colspan="2" class="eleh2">Mineral Diversity of Calcium</th><tr><tr><th>2. Sulfides And Sulfosalts </th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Ca%2C&exc=&ima=0&essential=0&class=2&sub=Search+for+Minerals">5 valid mineral species</a></td></tr><tr><th>3. Halides</th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Ca%2C&exc=&ima=0&essential=0&class=3&sub=Search+for+Minerals">26 valid mineral species</a></td></tr><tr><th>4. Oxides </th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Ca%2C&exc=&ima=0&essential=0&class=4&sub=Search+for+Minerals">73 valid mineral species</a></td></tr><tr><th>5. Carbonates </th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Ca%2C&exc=&ima=0&essential=0&class=5&sub=Search+for+Minerals">66 valid mineral species</a></td></tr><tr><th>6. Borates</th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Ca%2C&exc=&ima=0&essential=0&class=6&sub=Search+for+Minerals">64 valid mineral species</a></td></tr><tr><th>7. Sulfates </th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Ca%2C&exc=&ima=0&essential=0&class=7&sub=Search+for+Minerals">48 valid mineral species</a></td></tr><tr><th>8. Phosphates, Arsenates, Vanadates</th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Ca%2C&exc=&ima=0&essential=0&class=8&sub=Search+for+Minerals">229 valid mineral species</a></td></tr><tr><th>9. Silicates </th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Ca%2C&exc=&ima=0&essential=0&class=9&sub=Search+for+Minerals">457 valid mineral species</a></td></tr><tr><th>10. Organic Compounds</th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Ca%2C&exc=&ima=0&essential=0&class=10&sub=Search+for+Minerals">8 valid mineral species</a></td></tr><tr><th>Total:</th><td><b><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Ca%2C&exc=&ima=0&essential=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals">976 valid species containing essential Calcium</a></b></td></tr></table><table class="mindattable ele50"><tr><th colspan="2" class="eleh2">Geochemistry of Calcium</th></tr><tr><th>Goldschmidt classification:</th><td>Lithophile</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><span>Ca<sup>2+</sup></span> was one of the ions least depleted from the mantle in the formation of the crust.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><span>Ca<sup>2+</sup></span> is enriched in Ca-Al-rich inclusions in meteorites relative to the composition of the solar system.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><span>Ca<sup>2+</sup></span> enters early-forming phases in igneous rocks.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><span>Ca<sup>2+</sup></span> is one of the eight most abundant solutes in average river water.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><span>Ca<sup>2+</sup></span> solute can be a limiting nutrient in the growth of bacteria.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><span>Ca<sup>2+</sup></span> solute is a macronutrient on land.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><span>Ca<sup>2+</sup></span> is essential to nutrition of at least some vertebrates ('essential minerals').</td></tr></table><table class="mindattable ele50" id="elementabundance"><tr><th colspan="3" class="eleh2">Elemental Abundance for Calcium</th></tr><tr><th>Crust (CRC Handbook)</th><td>4.15 x 10<sup>-2</sup></td><td>mass fraction, kg/kg</td></tr><tr><th>Crust (Kaye & Laby)</th><td>5.1 x 10<sup>-2</sup></td><td>mass fraction, kg/kg</td></tr><tr><th>Crust (Greenwood)</th><td>4.6600 x 10<sup>-2</sup></td><td>mass fraction, kg/kg</td></tr><tr><th>Crust (Ahrens/Taylor)</th><td>5.2900 x 10<sup>-2</sup></td><td>mass fraction, kg/kg</td></tr><tr><th>Crust (Ahrens/Wänke)</th><td>4.9200 x 10<sup>-2</sup></td><td>mass fraction, kg/kg</td></tr><tr><th>Crust (Ahrens/Weaver)</th><td>3.4000 x 10<sup>-2</sup></td><td>mass fraction, kg/kg</td></tr><tr><th>Upper Crust (Ahrens/Taylor)</th><td>3.0000 x 10<sup>-2</sup></td><td>mass fraction, kg/kg</td></tr><tr><th>Upper Crust (Ahrens/Shaw)</th><td>2.9500 x 10<sup>-2</sup></td><td>mass fraction, kg/kg</td></tr><tr><th>Sea Water (CRC Handbook)</th><td>4.12 x 10<sup>-4</sup></td><td>mass per volume fraction, kg/L</td></tr><tr><th>Sea Water (Kaye & Laby)</th><td>4.1 x 10<sup>-4</sup></td><td>mass per volume fraction, kg/L</td></tr><tr><th>The Sun (Kaye & Laby)</th><td>6.4 x 10<sup>-2</sup></td><td>atom mole fraction relative to Si=1</td></tr><tr><th>Solar System (Kaye & Laby)</th><td>6.1 x 10<sup>-2</sup></td><td>atom mole fraction relative to Si=1</td></tr><tr><th>Solar System (Ahrens)</th><td>6.11 x 10<sup>-2 </sup> (7.1%)</td><td>atom mole fraction relative to Si=1 (% uncertainty)</td></tr></table><script src="/web/20161205093454js_/http://www.mindat.org/js/sorttable.js"></script><div class="nosplitme"><table class="mindattable ele50 th2"><tr><th colspan="4" class="eleh2">Element association of Calcium in the Mineral World</th><tr><tr><td colspan="4">This table compares the known valid mineral species listed listed with Calcium and the other elements listed based on the official IMA formula. <b>Note that unlike other sections on this page this includes non-essential elements.</b><br><br>The first data column contains the total number of minerals listed with Calcium and the element listed for that row.<br><br>The second data column lists this number as a percentage of all minerals listed with Calcium. <br><br>The final data column compares this percentage against the percentage of all minerals that contain the element listed in each row.<br><br><b>Click on a heading to sort.</b></td></tr></table><table style="margin-top: -5px;" class="mindattable ele50 th2 sortable"><tr><th>Element</th><th class="sorttable_numeric">Valid Minerals listed with element and Calcium</th><th class="sorttable_numeric">% of Ca minerals</th><th class="sorttable_numeric">Relative to % in all minerals</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Oxygen">Oxygen</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=O%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="1313">1313 minerals with Ca and O</a></td><td style="background-color: #ffd503" sorttable_customkey="99.0196078431">99.02%</td><td style="background-color: #e4ffe4" sorttable_customkey="1269">26.90% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Hydrogen">Hydrogen</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=H%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="937">937 minerals with Ca and H</a></td><td style="background-color: #ffe14b" sorttable_customkey="70.6636500754">70.66%</td><td style="background-color: #e2ffe2" sorttable_customkey="1285">28.58% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Silicon">Silicon</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Si%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="669">669 minerals with Ca and Si</a></td><td style="background-color: #ffea7e" sorttable_customkey="50.4524886878">50.45%</td><td style="background-color: #b1ffb1" sorttable_customkey="1778">77.90% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Aluminium">Aluminium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Al%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="426">426 minerals with Ca and Al</a></td><td style="background-color: #fff1ad" sorttable_customkey="32.1266968326">32.13%</td><td style="background-color: #c4ffc4" sorttable_customkey="1583">58.38% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Sodium">Sodium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Na%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="415">415 minerals with Ca and Na</a></td><td style="background-color: #fff2af" sorttable_customkey="31.2971342383">31.30%</td><td style="background-color: #c1ffc1" sorttable_customkey="1618">61.86% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Iron">Iron</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Fe%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="312">312 minerals with Ca and Fe</a></td><td style="background-color: #fff5c3" sorttable_customkey="23.5294117647">23.53%</td><td style="background-color: #fefffe" sorttable_customkey="1009">0.91% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Magnesium">Magnesium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Mg%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="244">244 minerals with Ca and Mg</a></td><td style="background-color: #fff7d0" sorttable_customkey="18.4012066365">18.40%</td><td style="background-color: #e0ffe0" sorttable_customkey="1308">30.82% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Fluorine">Fluorine</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=F%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="205">205 minerals with Ca and F</a></td><td style="background-color: #fff8d8" sorttable_customkey="15.4600301659">15.46%</td><td style="background-color: #adffad" sorttable_customkey="1816">81.63% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Manganese">Manganese</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Mn%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="200">200 minerals with Ca and Mn</a></td><td style="background-color: #fff9d9" sorttable_customkey="15.0829562594">15.08%</td><td style="background-color: #e3ffe3" sorttable_customkey="1277">27.71% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=P%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="191">191 minerals with Ca and P</a></td><td style="background-color: #fff9da" sorttable_customkey="14.4042232278">14.40%</td><td style="background-color: #e3ffe3" sorttable_customkey="1277">27.70% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Potassium">Potassium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=K%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="188">188 minerals with Ca and K</a></td><td style="background-color: #fff9db" sorttable_customkey="14.1779788839">14.18%</td><td style="background-color: #d3ffd3" sorttable_customkey="1432">43.27% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Carbon">Carbon</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=C%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="138">138 minerals with Ca and C</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffbe4" sorttable_customkey="10.407239819">10.41%</td><td style="background-color: #d9ffd9" sorttable_customkey="1375">37.59% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Titanium">Titanium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Ti%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="125">125 minerals with Ca and Ti</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffbe7" sorttable_customkey="9.42684766214">9.43%</td><td style="background-color: #ddffdd" sorttable_customkey="1336">33.67% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Arsenic">Arsenic</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=As%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="113">113 minerals with Ca and As</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffbe9" sorttable_customkey="8.52187028658">8.52%</td><td style="background-color: #ffe4e4" sorttable_customkey="732">26.79% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Boron">Boron</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=B%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="113">113 minerals with Ca and B</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffbe9" sorttable_customkey="8.52187028658">8.52%</td><td style="background-color: #beffbe" sorttable_customkey="1640">64.06% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Chlorine">Chlorine</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Cl%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="110">110 minerals with Ca and Cl</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffbea" sorttable_customkey="8.29562594268">8.30%</td><td style="background-color: #f7fff7" sorttable_customkey="1077">7.78% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Sulfur">Sulfur</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=S%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="110">110 minerals with Ca and S</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffbea" sorttable_customkey="8.29562594268">8.30%</td><td style="background-color: #ffc4c4" sorttable_customkey="415">58.44% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Cerium">Cerium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Ce%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="78">78 minerals with Ca and Ce</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffdf0" sorttable_customkey="5.88235294118">5.88%</td><td style="background-color: #b4ffb4" sorttable_customkey="1743">74.32% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Niobium">Niobium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Nb%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="75">75 minerals with Ca and Nb</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffdf1" sorttable_customkey="5.65610859729">5.66%</td><td style="background-color: #bfffbf" sorttable_customkey="1639">63.93% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Barium">Barium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Ba%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="71">71 minerals with Ca and Ba</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffdf1" sorttable_customkey="5.3544494721">5.35%</td><td style="background-color: #f2fff2" sorttable_customkey="1129">12.98% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Uranium">Uranium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=U%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="70">70 minerals with Ca and U</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffdf2" sorttable_customkey="5.2790346908">5.28%</td><td style="background-color: #f7fff7" sorttable_customkey="1079">7.93% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Strontium">Strontium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Sr%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="70">70 minerals with Ca and Sr</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffdf2" sorttable_customkey="5.2790346908">5.28%</td><td style="background-color: #abffab" sorttable_customkey="1832">83.20% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Zirconium">Zirconium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Zr%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="69">69 minerals with Ca and Zr</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffdf2" sorttable_customkey="5.2036199095">5.20%</td><td style="background-color: #9cff9c" sorttable_customkey="2111">111.15% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Yttrium">Yttrium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Y%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="65">65 minerals with Ca and Y</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffdf3" sorttable_customkey="4.90196078431">4.90%</td><td style="background-color: #abffab" sorttable_customkey="1833">83.39% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Copper">Copper</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Cu%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="56">56 minerals with Ca and Cu</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffdf4" sorttable_customkey="4.22322775264">4.22%</td><td style="background-color: #ffbcbc" sorttable_customkey="330">67.00% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Beryllium">Beryllium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Be%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="56">56 minerals with Ca and Be</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffdf4" sorttable_customkey="4.22322775264">4.22%</td><td style="background-color: #a9ffa9" sorttable_customkey="1856">85.65% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Vanadium">Vanadium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=V%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="51">51 minerals with Ca and V</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffdf5" sorttable_customkey="3.84615384615">3.85%</td><td style="background-color: #fff5f5" sorttable_customkey="909">9.02% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Zinc">Zinc</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Zn%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="42">42 minerals with Ca and Zn</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffef7" sorttable_customkey="3.16742081448">3.17%</td><td style="background-color: #ffd5d5" sorttable_customkey="580">41.99% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Lead">Lead</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Pb%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="36">36 minerals with Ca and Pb</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffef8" sorttable_customkey="2.7149321267">2.71%</td><td style="background-color: #ffb6b6" sorttable_customkey="277">72.25% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Lanthanum">Lanthanum</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=La%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="35">35 minerals with Ca and La</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffef8" sorttable_customkey="2.6395173454">2.64%</td><td style="background-color: #cbffcb" sorttable_customkey="1513">51.34% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Thorium">Thorium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Th%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="27">27 minerals with Ca and Th</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffefa" sorttable_customkey="2.03619909502">2.04%</td><td style="background-color: #9cff9c" sorttable_customkey="2237">123.77% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Lithium">Lithium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Li%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="22">22 minerals with Ca and Li</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffefb" sorttable_customkey="1.65912518854">1.66%</td><td style="background-color: #ffe3e3" sorttable_customkey="723">27.67% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Tantalum">Tantalum</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Ta%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="18">18 minerals with Ca and Ta</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffefc" sorttable_customkey="1.35746606335">1.36%</td><td style="background-color: #fffdfd" sorttable_customkey="980">1.91% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Neodymium">Neodymium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Nd%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="17">17 minerals with Ca and Nd</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffefc" sorttable_customkey="1.28205128205">1.28%</td><td style="background-color: #e0ffe0" sorttable_customkey="1300">30.05% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Antimony">Antimony</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Sb%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="17">17 minerals with Ca and Sb</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffefc" sorttable_customkey="1.28205128205">1.28%</td><td style="background-color: #ffb4b4" sorttable_customkey="256">74.38% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Tin">Tin</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Sn%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="15">15 minerals with Ca and Sn</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffffc" sorttable_customkey="1.13122171946">1.13%</td><td style="background-color: #ffd7d7" sorttable_customkey="602">39.73% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Chromium">Chromium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Cr%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="13">13 minerals with Ca and Cr</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffffd" sorttable_customkey="0.980392156863">0.98%</td><td style="background-color: #ffd5d5" sorttable_customkey="581">41.89% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Tellurium">Tellurium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Te%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="10">10 minerals with Ca and Te</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffffd" sorttable_customkey="0.754147812971">0.75%</td><td style="background-color: #ffb3b3" sorttable_customkey="242">75.74% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Scandium">Scandium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Sc%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="10">10 minerals with Ca and Sc</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffffd" sorttable_customkey="0.754147812971">0.75%</td><td style="background-color: #9cff9c" sorttable_customkey="2486">148.63% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Tungsten">Tungsten</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=W%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="8">8 minerals with Ca and W</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffffd" sorttable_customkey="0.603318250377">0.60%</td><td style="background-color: #ffe8e8" sorttable_customkey="776">22.38% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Nickel">Nickel</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Ni%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="8">8 minerals with Ca and Ni</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffffd" sorttable_customkey="0.603318250377">0.60%</td><td style="background-color: #ffadad" sorttable_customkey="181">81.81% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Molybdenum">Molybdenum</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Mo%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="8">8 minerals with Ca and Mo</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffffd" sorttable_customkey="0.603318250377">0.60%</td><td style="background-color: #ffcece" sorttable_customkey="513">48.67% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Cobalt">Cobalt</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Co%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="8">8 minerals with Ca and Co</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffffd" sorttable_customkey="0.603318250377">0.60%</td><td style="background-color: #ffc4c4" sorttable_customkey="418">58.12% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Bismuth">Bismuth</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Bi%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="6">6 minerals with Ca and Bi</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffffe" sorttable_customkey="0.452488687783">0.45%</td><td style="background-color: #ffa5a5" sorttable_customkey="108">89.15% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=N%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="6">6 minerals with Ca and N</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffffe" sorttable_customkey="0.452488687783">0.45%</td><td style="background-color: #ffb2b2" sorttable_customkey="231">76.83% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Caesium">Caesium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Cs%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="6">6 minerals with Ca and Cs</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffffe" sorttable_customkey="0.452488687783">0.45%</td><td style="background-color: #fffefe" sorttable_customkey="994">0.55% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Iodine">Iodine</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=I%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="4">4 minerals with Ca and I</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffffe" sorttable_customkey="0.301659125189">0.30%</td><td style="background-color: #ffdada" sorttable_customkey="636">36.35% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Gadolinium">Gadolinium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Gd%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="3">3 minerals with Ca and Gd</a></td><td style="background-color: #fffffe" sorttable_customkey="0.226244343891">0.23%</td><td style="background-color: #9cff9c" sorttable_customkey="1989">98.91% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Selenium">Selenium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Se%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="2">2 minerals with Ca and Se</a></td><td style="background-color: #ffffff" sorttable_customkey="0.150829562594">0.15%</td><td style="background-color: #ffa1a1" sorttable_customkey="63">93.69% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Germanium">Germanium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Ge%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="2">2 minerals with Ca and Ge</a></td><td style="background-color: #ffffff" sorttable_customkey="0.150829562594">0.15%</td><td style="background-color: #ffb6b6" sorttable_customkey="274">72.56% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Dysprosium">Dysprosium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Dy%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="2">2 minerals with Ca and Dy</a></td><td style="background-color: #ffffff" sorttable_customkey="0.150829562594">0.15%</td><td style="background-color: #9cff9c" sorttable_customkey="1989">98.91% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Cadmium">Cadmium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Cd%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="1">1 mineral with Ca and Cd</a></td><td style="background-color: #ffffff" sorttable_customkey="0.0754147812971">0.08%</td><td style="background-color: #ffa9a9" sorttable_customkey="147">85.27% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Silver">Silver</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Ag%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="1">1 mineral with Ca and Ag</a></td><td style="background-color: #ffffff" sorttable_customkey="0.0754147812971">0.08%</td><td style="background-color: #ff9d9d" sorttable_customkey="22">97.78% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Praseodymium">Praseodymium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Pr%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="1">1 mineral with Ca and Pr</a></td><td style="background-color: #ffffff" sorttable_customkey="0.0754147812971">0.08%</td><td style="background-color: #9cff9c" sorttable_customkey="1989">98.91% higher</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Ytterbium">Ytterbium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Yb%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="1">1 mineral with Ca and Yb</a></td><td style="background-color: #ffffff" sorttable_customkey="0.0754147812971">0.08%</td><td style="background-color: #ffdddd" sorttable_customkey="663">33.70% lower</td></tr></tr><tr><th><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Samarium">Samarium</a></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/chemsearch.php?inc=Sm%2CCa%2C&exc=&ima=0&sub=Search+for+Minerals" sorttable_customkey="1">1 mineral with Ca and Sm</a></td><td style="background-color: #ffffff" sorttable_customkey="0.0754147812971">0.08%</td><td style="background-color: #ffdddd" sorttable_customkey="663">33.70% lower</td></tr></tr></table></div><table class="mindattable ele50"><tr><th class="eleh2">Periodic Table</th></tr><tr><td><div id="chemtdesc"></div> <table class="chemtablesmall"> <tr> <td rowspan="11"></td> <td class="elem"><a name="H" title="Hydrogen" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Hydrogen">1<b>H</b></a></td> <td colspan="16"></td> <td class="elem"><a name="He" title="Helium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Helium">2<b>He</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="elem"><a name="Li" title="Lithium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Lithium">3<b>Li</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Be" title="Beryllium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Beryllium">4<b>Be</b></a></td> <td></td> <td colspan="9" rowspan="2"> <input checked name="hideshow" id="hideshow" type="checkbox"/><label for="hideshow">Show/hide current element</label> </td> <td class="elem"><a name="B" title="Boron" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Boron">5<b>B</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="C" title="Carbon" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Carbon">6<b>C</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="N" title="Nitrogen" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Nitrogen">7<b>N</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="O" title="Oxygen" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Oxygen">8<b>O</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="F" title="Fluorine" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Fluorine">9<b>F</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ne" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Neon" title="Neon">10<b>Ne</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="elem"><a name="Na" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Sodium" title="Sodium">11<b>Na</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Mg" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">12<b>Mg</b></a></td> <td></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Al" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">13<b>Al</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Si" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Silicon" title="Silicon">14<b>Si</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="P" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">15<b>P</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="S" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">16<b>S</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Cl" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">17<b>Cl</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ar" title="Argon" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Argon">18<b>Ar</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="elem"><a name="K" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Potassium" title="Potassium">19<b>K</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ca" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Calcium" title="Calcium">20<b>Ca</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Sc" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Scandium" title="Scandium">21<b>Sc</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ti" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Titanium" title="Titanium">22<b>Ti</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="V" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">23<b>V</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Cr" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Chromium" title="Chromium">24<b>Cr</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Mn" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Manganese" title="Manganese">25<b>Mn</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Fe" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Iron" title="Iron">26<b>Fe</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Co" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">27<b>Co</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ni" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Nickel" title="Nickel">28<b>Ni</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Cu" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Copper" title="Copper">29<b>Cu</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Zn" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Zinc" title="Zinc">30<b>Zn</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ga" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Gallium" title="Gallium">31<b>Ga</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ge" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Germanium" title="Germanium">32<b>Ge</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="As" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">33<b>As</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Se" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Selenium" title="Selenium">34<b>Se</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Br" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Bromine" title="Bromine">35<b>Br</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Kr" title="Krypton" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Krypton">36<b>Kr</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="elem"><a name="Rb" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">37<b>Rb</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Sr" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Strontium" title="Strontium">38<b>Sr</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Y" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">39<b>Y</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Zr" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">40<b>Zr</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Nb" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Niobium" title="Niobium">41<b>Nb</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Mo" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">42<b>Mo</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Tc" title="Technetium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Technetium">43<b>Tc</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ru" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">44<b>Ru</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Rh" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">45<b>Rh</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Pd" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Palladium" title="Palladium">46<b>Pd</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ag" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Silver" title="Silver">47<b>Ag</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Cd" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">48<b>Cd</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="In" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Indium" title="Indium">49<b>In</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Sn" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Tin" title="Tin">50<b>Sn</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Sb" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Antimony" title="Antimony">51<b>Sb</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Te" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">52<b>Te</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="I" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Iodine" title="Iodine">53<b>I</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Xe" title="Xenon" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Xenon">54<b>Xe</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="elem"><a name="Cs" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Caesium" title="Caesium">55<b>Cs</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ba" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Barium" title="Barium">56<b>Ba</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="La" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum">57<b>La</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Hf" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">72<b>Hf</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ta" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">73<b>Ta</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="W" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">74<b>W</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Re" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">75<b>Re</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Os" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Osmium" title="Osmium">76<b>Os</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ir" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Iridium" title="Iridium">77<b>Ir</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Pt" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Platinum" title="Platinum">78<b>Pt</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Au" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Gold" title="Gold">79<b>Au</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Hg" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Mercury" title="Mercury">80<b>Hg</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Tl" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Thallium" title="Thallium">81<b>Tl</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Pb" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Lead" title="Lead">82<b>Pb</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Bi" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">83<b>Bi</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Po" title="Polonium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Polonium">84<b>Po</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="At" title="Astatine" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Astatine">85<b>At</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Rn" title="Radon" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Radon">86<b>Rn</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="elem"><a name="Fr" title="Francium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Francium">87<b>Fr</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ra" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Radium" title="Radium">88<b>Ra</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ac" title="Actinium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Actinium">89<b>Ac</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Rf" title="Rutherfordium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Rutherfordium">104<b>Rd</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Db" title="Dubnium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Dubnium">105<b>Db</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Sg" title="Seaborgium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Seaborgium">106<b>Sg</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Bh" title="Bohrium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Bohrium">107<b>Bh</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Hs" title="Hassium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Hassium">108<b>Hs</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Mt" title="Meitnerium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Meitnerium">109<b>Mt</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ds" title="Darmstadtium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Darmstadtium">110<b>Ds</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Rg" title="Roentgenium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Roentgenium">111<b>Rg</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Cn" title="Copernicium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Copernicium">112<b>Cn</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Uut" title="Ununtrium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Ununtrium">113<b>Uut</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Fl" title="Flerovium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Flerovium">114<b>Fl</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Uup" title="Ununpentium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Ununpentium">115<b>Uup</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Lv" title="Livermorium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Livermorium">116<b>Lv</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Uus" title="Ununseptium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Ununseptium">117<b>Uus</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Uuo" title="Ununoctium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Ununoctium">118<b>Uuo</b></a></td> </tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr> <td colspan="2"></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ce" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Cerium" title="Cerium">58<b>Ce</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Pr" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium">59<b>Pr</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Nd" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Neodymium" title="Neodymium">60<b>Nd</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Pm" title="Promethium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Promethium">61<b>Pm</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Sm" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Samarium" title="Samarium">62<b>Sm</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Eu" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Europium" title="Europium">63<b>Eu</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Gd" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">64<b>Gd</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Tb" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Terbium" title="Terbium">65<b>Tb</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Dy" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">66<b>Dy</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ho" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Holmium" title="Holmium">67<b>Ho</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Er" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Erbium" title="Erbium">68<b>Er</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Tm" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Thulium" title="Thulium">69<b>Tm</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Yb" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">70<b>Yb</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Lu" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">71<b>Lu</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Th" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Thorium" title="Thorium">90<b>Th</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Pa" title="Protactinium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Protactinium">91<b>Pa</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="U" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Uranium" title="Uranium">92<b>U</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Np" title="Neptunium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Neptunium">93<b>Np</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Pu" title="Plutonium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Plutonium">94<b>Pu</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Am" title="Americium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Americium">95<b>Am</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Cm" title="Curium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Curium">96<b>Cm</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Bk" title="Berkelium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Berkelium">97<b>Bk</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Cf" title="Californium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Californium">98<b>Cf</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Es" title="Einsteinium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Einsteinium">99<b>Es</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Fm" title="Fermium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Fermium">100<b>Fm</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Md" title="Mendelevium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Mendelevium">101<b>Md</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="No" title="Nobelium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Nobelium">102<b>No</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Lr" title="Lawrencium" href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Lawrencium">103<b>Lr</b></a></td> </tr> </table> <script> var permode = "Default"; var peropts = { "Default": { "key": { "Listed in minerals": "#fcfcfc", "Not listed": "#ccc" }, "desc": [ "<h2>Periodic Table<\/h2>Click on any element to navigate to the page on that element. 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Other elements may be found in smaller levels in some minerals but are not listed in any formula." ], "default": "#ccc", "H": "#fcfcfc", "Li": "#fcfcfc", "Be": "#fcfcfc", "B": "#fcfcfc", "C": "#fcfcfc", "N": "#fcfcfc", "O": "#fcfcfc", "F": "#fcfcfc", "Na": "#fcfcfc", "Mg": "#fcfcfc", "Al": "#fcfcfc", "Si": "#fcfcfc", "P": "#fcfcfc", "S": "#fcfcfc", "Cl": "#fcfcfc", "K": "#fcfcfc", "Ca": "#fcfcfc", "Sc": "#fcfcfc", "Ti": "#fcfcfc", "V": "#fcfcfc", "Cr": "#fcfcfc", "Mn": "#fcfcfc", "Fe": "#fcfcfc", "Co": "#fcfcfc", "Ni": "#fcfcfc", "Cu": "#fcfcfc", "Zn": "#fcfcfc", "Ga": "#fcfcfc", "Ge": "#fcfcfc", "As": "#fcfcfc", "Se": "#fcfcfc", "Br": "#fcfcfc", "Rb": "#fcfcfc", "Sr": "#fcfcfc", "Y": "#fcfcfc", "Zr": "#fcfcfc", "Nb": "#fcfcfc", "Mo": "#fcfcfc", "Ru": "#fcfcfc", "Rh": "#fcfcfc", "Pd": "#fcfcfc", "Ag": "#fcfcfc", "Cd": "#fcfcfc", "In": "#fcfcfc", "Sn": "#fcfcfc", "Sb": "#fcfcfc", "Te": "#fcfcfc", "I": "#fcfcfc", "Cs": "#fcfcfc", "Ba": "#fcfcfc", "La": "#fcfcfc", "Ce": "#fcfcfc", "Pr": "#fcfcfc", "Nd": "#fcfcfc", "Sm": "#fcfcfc", "Gd": "#fcfcfc", "Dy": "#fcfcfc", "Yb": "#fcfcfc", "Hf": "#fcfcfc", "Ta": "#fcfcfc", "W": "#fcfcfc", "Re": "#fcfcfc", "Os": "#fcfcfc", "Ir": "#fcfcfc", "Pt": "#fcfcfc", "Au": "#fcfcfc", "Hg": "#fcfcfc", "Tl": "#fcfcfc", "Pb": "#fcfcfc", "Bi": "#fcfcfc", "Th": "#fcfcfc", "U": "#fcfcfc", "": "#fcfcfc" }, "Categories": { "key": { "Alkali Metal": "#F6A9BF", "Alkaline Earth": "#FFDCA9", "Transition Metal": "#FAF8D9", "Basic Metal": "#D4EBD8", "Semimetal": "#93D9F5", "Nonmetal": "#BFD6EF", "Halogen": "#E0E0F0", "Noble Gas": "#E1CFE5", "Lanthanides": "#E7DAD4", "Actinides": "#F4DCD4" }, "desc": "<h2>Element Groups<\/h2>This table shows the elements coloured based on their element groups. ", "default": "#FAF8D9", "H": "#BFD6EF", "C": "#BFD6EF", "N": "#BFD6EF", "O": "#BFD6EF", "P": "#BFD6EF", "S": "#BFD6EF", "Se": "#BFD6EF", "Li": "#F6A9BF", "Na": "#F6A9BF", "K": "#F6A9BF", "Rb": "#F6A9BF", "Cs": "#F6A9BF", "Fr": "#F6A9BF", "Be": "#FFDCA9", "Mg": "#FFDCA9", "Ca": "#FFDCA9", "Sr": "#FFDCA9", "Ba": "#FFDCA9", "Ra": "#FFDCA9", "Al": "#D4EBD8", "Ga": "#D4EBD8", "In": "#D4EBD8", "Sn": "#D4EBD8", "Tl": "#D4EBD8", "Pb": "#D4EBD8", "Bi": "#D4EBD8", "Uut": "#D4EBD8", "Fl": "#D4EBD8", "Uup": "#D4EBD8", "Lv": "#D4EBD8", "B": "#93D9F5", "Si": "#93D9F5", "Ge": "#93D9F5", "As": "#93D9F5", "Sb": "#93D9F5", "Te": "#93D9F5", "Po": "#93D9F5", "F": "#E0E0F0", "Cl": "#E0E0F0", "Br": "#E0E0F0", "I": "#E0E0F0", "At": "#E0E0F0", "Uus": "#E0E0F0", "He": "#E1CFE5", "Ne": "#E1CFE5", "Ar": "#E1CFE5", "Kr": "#E1CFE5", "Xe": "#E1CFE5", "Rn": "#E1CFE5", "Uuo": "#E1CFE5", "La": "#E7DAD4", "Ce": "#E7DAD4", "Pr": "#E7DAD4", "Nd": "#E7DAD4", "Pm": "#E7DAD4", "Sm": "#E7DAD4", "Eu": "#E7DAD4", "Gd": "#E7DAD4", "Tb": "#E7DAD4", "Dy": "#E7DAD4", "Ho": "#E7DAD4", "Er": "#E7DAD4", "Tm": "#E7DAD4", "Yb": "#E7DAD4", "Lu": "#E7DAD4", "Ac": "#F4DCD4", "Th": "#F4DCD4", "Pa": "#F4DCD4", "U": "#F4DCD4", "Np": "#F4DCD4", "Pu": "#F4DCD4", "Am": "#F4DCD4", "Cm": "#F4DCD4", "Bk": "#F4DCD4", "Cf": "#F4DCD4", "Es": "#F4DCD4", "Fm": "#F4DCD4", "Md": "#F4DCD4", "No": "#F4DCD4", "Lr": "#F4DCD4" }, "CPK": { "key": [], "desc": "<h2>CPK Coloring<\/h2>A popular colour convention for distinguishing atoms of the different elements in molecular models. Named after the original system derived by Robert Corey and Linus Pauling from Caltech, later improved by Walter Koltun.", "default": "#fcfcfc", "H": "#FFFFFF", "He": "#D9FFFF", "Li": "#CC80FF", "Be": "#C2FF00", "B": "#FFB5B5", "C": "#909090", "N": "#3050F8", "O": "#FF0D0D", "F": "#1FF01F", "Ne": "#B3E3F5", "Na": "#AB5CF2", "Mg": "#8AFF00", "Al": "#BFA6A6", "Si": "#F0C8A0", "P": "#FF8000", "S": "#FFFF30", "Cl": "#1FF01F", "Ar": "#80D1E3", "K": "#8F40D4", "Ca": "#3DFF00", "Sc": "#E6E6E6", "Ti": "#BFC2C7", "V": "#A6A6AB", "Cr": "#8A99C7", "Mn": "#9C7AC7", "Fe": "#E06633", "Co": "#F090A0", "Ni": "#50D050", "Cu": "#C88033", "Zn": "#7D80B0", "Ga": "#C28F8F", "Ge": "#668F8F", "As": "#BD80E3", "Se": "#FFA100", "Br": "#A62929", "Kr": "#5CB8D1", "Rb": "#702EB0", "Sr": "#00FF00", "Y": "#94FFFF", "Zr": "#94E0E0", "Nb": "#73C2C9", "Mo": "#54B5B5", "Tc": "#3B9E9E", "Ru": "#248F8F", "Rh": "#0A7D8C", "Pd": "#006985", "Ag": "#C0C0C0", "Cd": "#FFD98F", "In": "#A67573", "Sn": "#668080", "Sb": "#9E63B5", "Te": "#D47A00", "I": "#940094", "Xe": "#429EB0", "Cs": "#57178F", "Ba": "#00C900", "La": "#70D4FF", "Ce": "#FFFFC7", "Pr": "#D9FFC7", "Nd": "#C7FFC7", "Pm": "#A3FFC7", "Sm": "#8FFFC7", "Eu": "#61FFC7", "Gd": "#45FFC7", "Tb": "#30FFC7", "Dy": "#1FFFC7", "Ho": "#00FF9C", "Er": "#006E75", "Tm": "#00D452", "Yb": "#00BF38", "Lu": "#00AB24", "Hf": "#4DC2FF", "Ta": "#4DA6FF", "W": "#2194D6", "Re": "#267DAB", "Os": "#266696", "Ir": "#175487", "Pt": "#D0D0E0", "Au": "#FFD123", "Hg": "#B8B8D0", "Tl": "#A6544D", "Pb": "#575961", "Bi": "#9E4FB5", "Po": "#AB5C00", "At": "#754F45", "Rn": "#428296", "Fr": "#420066", "Ra": "#007D00", "Ac": "#70ABFA", "Th": "#00BAFF", "Pa": "#00A1FF", "U": "#008FFF", "Np": "#0080FF", "Pu": "#006BFF", "Am": "#545CF2", "Cm": "#785CE3", "Bk": "#8A4FE3", "Cf": "#A136D4", "Es": "#B31FD4", "Fm": "#B31FBA", "Md": "#B30DA6", "No": "#BD0D87", "Lr": "#C70066", "Rf": "#CC0059", "Db": "#D1004F", "Sg": "#D90045", "Bh": "#E00038", "Hs": "#E6002E", "Mt": "#EB0026", "Ds": "#", "Rg": "#", "Cn": "#", "Uut": "#", "Fl": "#", "Uup": "#", "Lv": "#", "Uus": "#", "Uuo": "#" }, "Electronegativity": { "key": { "0.70 - 0.99": "#797fd7", "1.00 - 1.49": "#79b7d7", "1.50 - 1.99": "#79d79c", "2.00 - 2.49": "#b0d779", "2.50 - 2.99": "#d7d679", "3.00 - 3.49": "#d79f79", "3.50 - 3.99": "#d7797b", "None\/Not recorded": "#ccc" }, "desc": "<h2>Electronegativity<\/h2>Pauling Scale.", "default": "#ccc", "H": "#b0d779", "He": "#ccc", "Li": "#797fd7", "Be": "#79d79c", "B": "#b0d779", "C": "#d7d679", "N": "#d79f79", "O": "#d79f79", "F": "#d7797b", "Ne": "#ccc", "Na": "#797fd7", "Mg": "#79b7d7", "Al": "#79d79c", "Si": "#79d79c", "P": "#b0d779", "S": "#d7d679", "Cl": "#d79f79", "Ar": "#ccc", "K": "#797fd7", "Ca": "#79b7d7", "Sc": "#79b7d7", "Ti": "#79d79c", "V": "#79d79c", "Cr": "#79d79c", "Mn": "#79d79c", "Fe": "#79d79c", "Co": "#79d79c", "Ni": "#79d79c", "Cu": "#79d79c", "Zn": "#79d79c", "Ga": "#79d79c", "Ge": "#b0d779", "As": "#b0d779", "Se": "#d7d679", "Br": "#d7d679", "Kr": "#ccc", "Rb": "#797fd7", "Sr": "#797fd7", "Y": "#79b7d7", "Zr": "#79b7d7", "Nb": "#79d79c", "Mo": "#b0d779", "Tc": "#79d79c", "Ru": "#b0d779", "Rh": "#b0d779", "Pd": "#b0d779", "Ag": "#79d79c", "Cd": "#79d79c", "In": "#79d79c", "Sn": "#79d79c", "Sb": "#b0d779", "Te": "#b0d779", "I": "#d7d679", "Xe": "#ccc", "Cs": "#797fd7", "Ba": "#797fd7", "La": "#79b7d7", "Ce": "#79b7d7", "Pr": "#79b7d7", "Nd": "#79b7d7", "Pm": "#79b7d7", "Sm": "#79b7d7", "Eu": "#79b7d7", "Gd": "#79b7d7", "Tb": "#79b7d7", "Dy": "#79b7d7", "Ho": "#79b7d7", "Er": "#79b7d7", "Tm": "#79b7d7", "Yb": "#79b7d7", "Lu": "#79b7d7", "Hf": "#79b7d7", "Ta": "#79d79c", "W": "#b0d779", "Re": "#79d79c", "Os": "#b0d779", "Ir": "#b0d779", "Pt": "#b0d779", "Au": "#d7d679", "Hg": "#b0d779", "Tl": "#b0d779", "Pb": "#b0d779", "Bi": "#b0d779", "Po": "#b0d779", "At": "#b0d779", "Rn": "#ccc", "Fr": "#797fd7", "Ra": "#797fd7", "Ac": "#79b7d7", "Th": "#79b7d7", "Pa": "#79d79c", "U": "#79b7d7", "Np": "#79b7d7", "Pu": "#79b7d7", "Am": "#79b7d7", "Cm": "#79b7d7", "Bk": "#79b7d7", "Cf": "#79b7d7", "Es": "#79b7d7", "Fm": "#79b7d7", "Md": "#79b7d7", "No": "#79b7d7", "Lr": "#79b7d7", "Rf": "#ccc", "Db": "#ccc", "Sg": "#ccc", "Bh": "#ccc", "Hs": "#ccc", "Mt": "#ccc", "Ds": "#ccc", "Rg": "#ccc", "Cn": "#ccc", "Uut": "#ccc", "Fl": "#ccc", "Uup": "#ccc", "Lv": "#ccc", "Uus": "#ccc", "Uuo": "#ccc" }, "Atomic Radius": { "key": { "up to 79 pm": "#797fd7", "80 - 129 pm": "#79b7d7", "130 - 179 pm": "#79d79c", "180 + pm": "#b0d779", "Not recorded": "#ccc" }, "desc": "<h2>Atomic Radius<\/h2>In picometers.", "default": "#ccc", "H": "#797fd7", "He": "#797fd7", "Li": "#79d79c", "Be": "#79b7d7", "B": "#79b7d7", "C": "#797fd7", "N": "#797fd7", "O": "#797fd7", "F": "#797fd7", "Ne": "#797fd7", "Na": "#b0d779", "Mg": "#79d79c", "Al": "#79b7d7", "Si": "#79b7d7", "P": "#79b7d7", "S": "#79b7d7", "Cl": "#797fd7", "Ar": "#797fd7", "K": "#b0d779", "Ca": "#b0d779", "Sc": "#b0d779", "Ti": "#79d79c", "V": "#79d79c", "Cr": "#79d79c", "Mn": "#79d79c", "Fe": "#79d79c", "Co": "#79d79c", "Ni": "#79d79c", "Cu": "#79d79c", "Zn": "#79d79c", "Ga": "#79d79c", "Ge": "#79b7d7", "As": "#79b7d7", "Se": "#79b7d7", "Br": "#79b7d7", "Kr": "#79b7d7", "Rb": "#b0d779", "Sr": "#b0d779", "Y": "#b0d779", "Zr": "#b0d779", "Nb": "#b0d779", "Mo": "#b0d779", "Tc": "#b0d779", "Ru": "#79d79c", "Rh": "#79d79c", "Pd": "#79d79c", "Ag": "#79d79c", "Cd": "#79d79c", "In": "#79d79c", "Sn": "#79d79c", "Sb": "#79d79c", "Te": "#79b7d7", "I": "#79b7d7", "Xe": "#79b7d7", "Cs": "#b0d779", "Ba": "#b0d779", "La": "#79d79c", "Ce": "#b0d779", "Pr": "#b0d779", "Nd": "#b0d779", "Pm": "#b0d779", "Sm": "#b0d779", "Eu": "#b0d779", "Gd": "#b0d779", "Tb": "#b0d779", "Dy": "#b0d779", "Ho": "#b0d779", "Er": "#b0d779", "Tm": "#b0d779", "Yb": "#b0d779", "Lu": "#b0d779", "Hf": "#b0d779", "Ta": "#b0d779", "W": "#b0d779", "Re": "#b0d779", "Os": "#b0d779", "Ir": "#b0d779", "Pt": "#79d79c", "Au": "#79d79c", "Hg": "#79d79c", "Tl": "#79d79c", "Pb": "#79d79c", "Bi": "#79d79c", "Po": "#79d79c", "At": "#79b7d7", "Rn": "#79b7d7", "Fr": "#ccc", "Ra": "#ccc", "Ac": "#ccc", "Th": "#79d79c", "Pa": "#79d79c", "U": "#79d79c", "Np": "#79d79c", "Pu": "#79d79c", "Am": "#79d79c", "Cm": "#79d79c", "Bk": "#79d79c", "Cf": "#ccc", "Es": "#ccc", "Fm": "#ccc", "Md": "#ccc", "No": "#ccc", "Lr": "#ccc", "Rf": "#ccc", "Db": "#ccc", "Sg": "#ccc", "Bh": "#ccc", "Hs": "#ccc", "Mt": "#ccc", "Ds": "#79d79c", "Rg": "#79d79c", "Cn": "#79d79c", "Uut": "#79d79c", "Fl": "#b0d779", "Uup": "#b0d779", "Lv": "#b0d779", "Uus": "#79d79c", "Uuo": "#79d79c" }, "Lowest Oxidation": { "key": { " -4": "#797fd7", " -3": "#79b7d7", " -2": "#79d79c", " -1": "#b0d779", " +1": "#d7d679", " +2": "#d79f79", " +3": "#d7797b", " +4": "#d7457e", "None\/Not recorded": "#ccc" }, "desc": "<h2>Lowest Oxidation Number<\/h2>The lowest recorded oxidation number for each element.", "default": "#ccc", "H": "#b0d779", "He": "#ccc", "Li": "#d7d679", "Be": "#d79f79", "B": "#d7d679", "C": "#797fd7", "N": "#79b7d7", "O": "#79d79c", "F": "#b0d779", "Ne": "#ccc", "Na": "#b0d779", "Mg": "#d7d679", "Al": "#d7d679", "Si": "#797fd7", "P": "#79b7d7", "S": "#79d79c", "Cl": "#b0d779", "Ar": "#ccc", "K": "#d7d679", "Ca": "#d79f79", "Sc": "#d7d679", "Ti": "#b0d779", "V": "#b0d779", "Cr": "#79d79c", "Mn": "#79b7d7", "Fe": "#79d79c", "Co": "#b0d779", "Ni": "#b0d779", "Cu": "#d7d679", "Zn": "#d79f79", "Ga": "#d7d679", "Ge": "#797fd7", "As": "#79b7d7", "Se": "#79d79c", "Br": "#b0d779", "Kr": "#d79f79", "Rb": "#d7d679", "Sr": "#d79f79", "Y": "#d7d679", "Zr": "#d7d679", "Nb": "#b0d779", "Mo": "#79d79c", "Tc": "#79b7d7", "Ru": "#79d79c", "Rh": "#b0d779", "Pd": "#d79f79", "Ag": "#d7d679", "Cd": "#d79f79", "In": "#d7d679", "Sn": "#797fd7", "Sb": "#79b7d7", "Te": "#79d79c", "I": "#b0d779", "Xe": "#d79f79", "Cs": "#d7d679", "Ba": "#d79f79", "La": "#d79f79", "Ce": "#d79f79", "Pr": "#d79f79", "Nd": "#d79f79", "Pm": "#d7797b", "Sm": "#d79f79", "Eu": "#d79f79", "Gd": "#d7d679", "Tb": "#d7d679", "Dy": "#d79f79", "Ho": "#d7797b", "Er": "#d7797b", "Tm": "#d79f79", "Yb": "#d79f79", "Lu": "#d7797b", "Hf": "#d79f79", "Ta": "#b0d779", "W": "#79d79c", "Re": "#79b7d7", "Os": "#79d79c", "Ir": "#79b7d7", "Pt": "#d79f79", "Au": "#b0d779", "Hg": "#d7d679", "Tl": "#d7d679", "Pb": "#797fd7", "Bi": "#79b7d7", "Po": "#79d79c", "At": "#b0d779", "Rn": "#d79f79", "Fr": "#d7d679", "Ra": "#d79f79", "Ac": "#d7797b", "Th": "#d79f79", "Pa": "#d7797b", "U": "#d7797b", "Np": "#d7797b", "Pu": "#d7797b", "Am": "#d79f79", "Cm": "#d7797b", "Bk": "#d7797b", "Cf": "#d79f79", "Es": "#d79f79", "Fm": "#d79f79", "Md": "#d79f79", "No": "#d79f79", "Lr": "#d7797b", "Rf": "#d7457e", "Db": "#ccc", "Sg": "#ccc", "Bh": "#ccc", "Hs": "#ccc", "Mt": "#ccc", "Ds": "#ccc", "Rg": "#ccc", "Cn": "#ccc", "Uut": "#ccc", "Fl": "#ccc", "Uup": "#ccc", "Lv": "#ccc", "Uus": "#ccc", "Uuo": "#ccc" }, "Highest Oxidation": { "key": { " -1": "#797fd7", " +1": "#79b7d7", " +2": "#79d79c", " +3": "#b0d779", " +4": "#d7d679", " +5": "#d79f79", " +6": "#d7797b", " +7": "#d7457e", " +8": "#f465c2", "None\/Not recorded": "#ccc" }, "desc": "<h2>Highest Oxidation Number<\/h2>The highest recorded oxidation number for each element.", "default": "#ccc", "H": "#79b7d7", "He": "#ccc", "Li": "#79b7d7", "Be": "#79d79c", "B": "#b0d779", "C": "#d7d679", "N": "#d79f79", "O": "#79d79c", "F": "#797fd7", "Ne": "#ccc", "Na": "#79b7d7", "Mg": "#79d79c", "Al": "#b0d779", "Si": "#d7d679", "P": "#d79f79", "S": "#d7797b", "Cl": "#d7457e", "Ar": "#ccc", "K": "#79b7d7", "Ca": "#79d79c", "Sc": "#b0d779", "Ti": "#d7d679", "V": "#d7d679", "Cr": "#d7797b", "Mn": "#d7457e", "Fe": "#d7797b", "Co": "#d79f79", "Ni": "#d7d679", "Cu": "#d7d679", "Zn": "#79d79c", "Ga": "#b0d779", "Ge": "#d7d679", "As": "#d79f79", "Se": "#d7797b", "Br": "#d7457e", "Kr": "#79d79c", "Rb": "#79b7d7", "Sr": "#79d79c", "Y": "#b0d779", "Zr": "#d7d679", "Nb": "#d79f79", "Mo": "#d7797b", "Tc": "#d7457e", "Ru": "#f465c2", "Rh": "#d7797b", "Pd": "#d7d679", "Ag": "#b0d779", "Cd": "#79d79c", "In": "#b0d779", "Sn": "#d7d679", "Sb": "#d79f79", "Te": "#d7797b", "I": "#d7457e", "Xe": "#f465c2", "Cs": "#79b7d7", "Ba": "#79d79c", "La": "#b0d779", "Ce": "#d7d679", "Pr": "#d7d679", "Nd": "#b0d779", "Pm": "#b0d779", "Sm": "#b0d779", "Eu": "#b0d779", "Gd": "#b0d779", "Tb": "#d7d679", "Dy": "#b0d779", "Ho": "#b0d779", "Er": "#b0d779", "Tm": "#b0d779", "Yb": "#b0d779", "Lu": "#b0d779", "Hf": "#d7d679", "Ta": "#d79f79", "W": "#d7797b", "Re": "#d7457e", "Os": "#f465c2", "Ir": "#d7797b", "Pt": "#d7797b", "Au": "#d79f79", "Hg": "#d7d679", "Tl": "#b0d779", "Pb": "#d7d679", "Bi": "#d79f79", "Po": "#d7797b", "At": "#d79f79", "Rn": "#79d79c", "Fr": "#79b7d7", "Ra": "#79d79c", "Ac": "#b0d779", "Th": "#d7d679", "Pa": "#d79f79", "U": "#d7797b", "Np": "#d7457e", "Pu": "#d7457e", "Am": "#d7797b", "Cm": "#d7d679", "Bk": "#d7d679", "Cf": "#d7d679", "Es": "#b0d779", "Fm": "#b0d779", "Md": "#b0d779", "No": "#b0d779", "Lr": "#b0d779", "Rf": "#d7d679", "Db": "#ccc", "Sg": "#ccc", "Bh": "#ccc", "Hs": "#ccc", "Mt": "#ccc", "Ds": "#ccc", "Rg": "#ccc", "Cn": "#ccc", "Uut": "#ccc", "Fl": "#ccc", "Uup": "#ccc", "Lv": "#ccc", "Uus": "#ccc", "Uuo": "#ccc" }, "Crustal Abundance": { "key": { "10<sup>-1<\/sup> kg\/kg range": "#1aff53", "10<sup>-2<\/sup> kg\/kg range": "#33ff33", "10<sup>-3<\/sup> kg\/kg range": "#79ff4d", "10<sup>-4<\/sup> kg\/kg range": "#b3ff66", "10<sup>-5<\/sup> kg\/kg range": "#dfff80", "10<sup>-6<\/sup> kg\/kg range": "#ffff99", "10<sup>-7<\/sup> kg\/kg range": "#ffecb3", "10<sup>-8<\/sup> kg\/kg range": "#ffe6cc", "10<sup>-9<\/sup> kg\/kg range": "#ffece6", "10<sup>-10<\/sup> or less kg\/kg range": "#ffffff" }, "desc": "<h2>Crustal Abundance<\/h2>Values from the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition.", "default": "#ccc", "H": "#79ff4d", "He": "#ffece6", "Li": "#dfff80", "Be": "#ffff99", "B": "#dfff80", "C": "#b3ff66", "N": "#dfff80", "O": "#1aff53", "F": "#b3ff66", "Ne": "#ffece6", "Na": "#33ff33", "Mg": "#33ff33", "Al": "#33ff33", "Si": "#1aff53", "P": "#79ff4d", "S": "#b3ff66", "Cl": "#b3ff66", "Ar": "#ffff99", "K": "#33ff33", "Ca": "#33ff33", "Sc": "#dfff80", "Ti": "#79ff4d", "V": "#b3ff66", "Cr": "#b3ff66", "Mn": "#b3ff66", "Fe": "#33ff33", "Co": "#dfff80", "Ni": "#dfff80", "Cu": "#dfff80", "Zn": "#dfff80", "Ga": "#dfff80", "Ge": "#ffff99", "As": "#ffff99", "Se": "#ffe6cc", "Br": "#ffff99", "Kr": "#ffffff", "Rb": "#dfff80", "Sr": "#b3ff66", "Y": "#dfff80", "Zr": "#b3ff66", "Nb": "#dfff80", "Mo": "#ffff99", "Ru": "#ffece6", "Rh": "#ffece6", "Pd": "#ffe6cc", "Ag": "#ffe6cc", "Cd": "#ffecb3", "In": "#ffecb3", "Sn": "#ffff99", "Sb": "#ffecb3", "Te": "#ffece6", "I": "#ffecb3", "Xe": "#ffffff", "Cs": "#ffff99", "Ba": "#b3ff66", "La": "#dfff80", "Ce": "#dfff80", "Pr": "#ffff99", "Nd": "#dfff80", "Sm": "#ffff99", "Eu": "#ffff99", "Gd": "#ffff99", "Tb": "#ffff99", "Dy": "#ffff99", "Ho": "#ffff99", "Er": "#ffff99", "Tm": "#ffecb3", "Yb": "#ffff99", "Lu": "#ffecb3", "Hf": "#ffff99", "Ta": "#ffff99", "W": "#ffff99", "Re": "#ffffff", "Os": "#ffece6", "Ir": "#ffece6", "Pt": "#ffece6", "Au": "#ffece6", "Hg": "#ffe6cc", "Tl": "#ffecb3", "Pb": "#dfff80", "Bi": "#ffece6", "Po": "#ffffff", "Rn": "#ffffff", "Ra": "#ffffff", "Ac": "#ffffff", "Th": "#ffff99", "Pa": "#ffffff", "U": "#ffff99" }, "Goldschmidt": { "key": { "Lithophile": "#ffbb77", "Siderophile": "#ff8ebb", "Chalcophile": "#fff888", "Atmophile": "#bbffff", "Not defined": "#ccc" }, "desc": "<h2>Goldschmidt Classification<\/h2>A geochemical classification of elements according to their preferred host phases into lithophile (rock-loving), siderophile (iron-loving), chalcophile (ore loving\/chalcogen loving) or atmophile (gas-loving). This lists the primary classification for each element.", "default": "#ccc", "H": "#bbffff", "He": "#bbffff", "Li": "#ffbb77", "Be": "#ffbb77", "B": "#ffbb77", "C": "#bbffff", "N": "#bbffff", "O": "#ffbb77", "F": "#ffbb77", "Ne": "#bbffff", "Na": "#ffbb77", "Mg": "#ffbb77", "Al": "#ffbb77", "Si": "#ffbb77", "P": "#ffbb77", "S": "#fff888", "Cl": "#ffbb77", "Ar": "#bbffff", "K": "#ffbb77", "Ca": "#ffbb77", "Sc": "#ffbb77", "Ti": "#ffbb77", "V": "#ffbb77", "Cr": "#ffbb77", "Mn": "#ff8ebb", "Fe": "#ff8ebb", "Co": "#ff8ebb", "Ni": "#ff8ebb", "Cu": "#fff888", "Zn": "#fff888", "Ga": "#fff888", "Ge": "#fff888", "As": "#fff888", "Se": "#fff888", "Br": "#ffbb77", "Kr": "#bbffff", "Rb": "#ffbb77", "Sr": "#ffbb77", "Y": "#ffbb77", "Zr": "#ffbb77", "Nb": "#ffbb77", "Mo": "#ff8ebb", "Tc": "#ffbb77", "Ru": "#ff8ebb", "Rh": "#ff8ebb", "Pd": "#ff8ebb", "Ag": "#fff888", "Cd": "#fff888", "In": "#fff888", "Sn": "#fff888", "Sb": "#fff888", "Te": "#fff888", "I": "#ffbb77", "Xe": "#bbffff", "Cs": "#ffbb77", "Ba": "#ffbb77", "La": "#ffbb77", "Ce": "#ffbb77", "Pr": "#ffbb77", "Nd": "#ffbb77", "Pm": "#ffbb77", "Sm": "#ffbb77", "Eu": "#ffbb77", "Gd": "#ffbb77", "Tb": "#ffbb77", "Dy": "#ffbb77", "Ho": "#ffbb77", "Er": "#ffbb77", "Tm": "#ffbb77", "Yb": "#ffbb77", "Lu": "#ffbb77", "Hf": "#ffbb77", "Ta": "#ffbb77", "W": "#ffbb77", "Re": "#ff8ebb", "Os": "#ff8ebb", "Ir": "#ff8ebb", "Pt": "#ff8ebb", "Au": "#ff8ebb", "Hg": "#fff888", "Tl": "#fff888", "Pb": "#fff888", "Bi": "#fff888", "Po": "#fff888", "At": "#ffbb77", "Rn": "#bbffff", "Fr": "#ffbb77", "Ra": "#ffbb77", "Ac": "#ffbb77", "Th": "#ffbb77", "Pa": "#ffbb77", "U": "#ffbb77", "Np": "#ffbb77", "Pu": "#ffbb77" }, "Mineral Species": { "desc": "<h2>Mineral Species<\/h2>The number of minerals containing each element compared.", "key": { "3000+ minerals": "#ff8c80", "1000-2999 minerals": "#ffc266", "500-999 minerals": "#f0ff66", "100-499 minerals": "#75ff1a", "50-99 minerals": "#33ffcf", "20-49 minerals": "#99e4ff", "1-19 minerals": "#b3b8ff", "No minerals with element": "#ccc" }, "default": "#ccc", "H": "#ffc266", "Li": "#75ff1a", "Be": "#75ff1a", "B": "#75ff1a", "C": "#75ff1a", "N": "#75ff1a", "O": "#ff8c80", "F": "#75ff1a", "Na": "#ffc266", "Mg": "#f0ff66", "Al": "#ffc266", "Si": "#ffc266", "P": "#f0ff66", "S": "#ffc266", "Cl": "#75ff1a", "K": "#f0ff66", "Ca": "#ffc266", "Sc": "#b3b8ff", "Ti": "#75ff1a", "V": "#75ff1a", "Cr": "#33ffcf", "Mn": "#f0ff66", "Fe": "#ffc266", "Co": "#33ffcf", "Ni": "#75ff1a", "Cu": "#f0ff66", "Zn": "#75ff1a", "Ga": "#b3b8ff", "Ge": "#99e4ff", "As": "#f0ff66", "Se": "#75ff1a", "Br": "#b3b8ff", "Rb": "#b3b8ff", "Sr": "#75ff1a", "Y": "#75ff1a", "Zr": "#75ff1a", "Nb": "#75ff1a", "Mo": "#33ffcf", "Ru": "#b3b8ff", "Rh": "#b3b8ff", "Pd": "#33ffcf", "Ag": "#75ff1a", "Cd": "#99e4ff", "In": "#b3b8ff", "Sn": "#33ffcf", "Sb": "#75ff1a", "Te": "#75ff1a", "I": "#99e4ff", "Cs": "#99e4ff", "Ba": "#75ff1a", "La": "#33ffcf", "Ce": "#75ff1a", "Pr": "#b3b8ff", "Nd": "#33ffcf", "Sm": "#b3b8ff", "Gd": "#b3b8ff", "Dy": "#b3b8ff", "Yb": "#b3b8ff", "Hf": "#b3b8ff", "Ta": "#33ffcf", "W": "#99e4ff", "Re": "#b3b8ff", "Os": "#b3b8ff", "Ir": "#99e4ff", "Pt": "#99e4ff", "Au": "#99e4ff", "Hg": "#33ffcf", "Tl": "#33ffcf", "Pb": "#f0ff66", "Bi": "#75ff1a", "Th": "#99e4ff", "U": "#75ff1a", "": "#ff8c80" }, "Minerals with Ca": { "desc": "<h2>Mineral Species<\/h2>Compared with the total number of minerals listed with Ca we show how many of these minerals also contain each other element. A stronger shade of yellow indicates a greater percentage of Ca minerals listed with the indicated element.", "key": { "Low number of Ca minerals with element": "#fcfcfc", "Higher number of Ca minerals with element": "#fcfc40", "No minerals with element and Ca": "#ccc" }, "default": "#ccc", "O": "#ffd503", "H": "#ffe14b", "Si": "#ffea7e", "Al": "#fff1ad", "Na": "#fff2af", "Fe": "#fff5c3", "Mg": "#fff7d0", "F": "#fff8d8", "Mn": "#fff9d9", "P": "#fff9da", "K": "#fff9db", "C": "#fffbe4", "Ti": "#fffbe7", "As": "#fffbe9", "B": "#fffbe9", "Cl": "#fffbea", "S": "#fffbea", "Ce": "#fffdf0", "Nb": "#fffdf1", "Ba": "#fffdf1", "U": "#fffdf2", "Sr": "#fffdf2", "Zr": "#fffdf2", "Y": "#fffdf3", "Cu": "#fffdf4", "Be": "#fffdf4", "V": "#fffdf5", "Zn": "#fffef7", "Pb": "#fffef8", "La": "#fffef8", "Th": "#fffefa", "Li": "#fffefb", "Ta": "#fffefc", "Nd": "#fffefc", "Sb": "#fffefc", "Sn": "#fffffc", "Cr": "#fffffd", "Te": "#fffffd", "Sc": "#fffffd", "W": "#fffffd", "Ni": "#fffffd", "Mo": "#fffffd", "Co": "#fffffd", "Bi": "#fffffe", "N": "#fffffe", "Cs": "#fffffe", "I": "#fffffe", "Gd": "#fffffe", "Se": "#ffffff", "Ge": "#ffffff", "Dy": "#ffffff", "Cd": "#ffffff", "Ag": "#ffffff", "Pr": "#ffffff", "Yb": "#ffffff", "Sm": "#ffffff" }, "Relative Frequency": { "desc": [ "<h2>Relative Frequency<\/h2>Comparing the ratio of the number of mineral species listed with each element + Ca with the ratio of all minerals listed with the element shows us which elements have a closer association with Ca. See the 'Element Association' table to view raw data." ], "key": { "Lower ratio of Ca minerals with element": "#fc4040", "Average ratio Ca minerals with element": "#fcfcfc", "Higher ratio of Ca minerals with element": "#40fc40", "No minerals with element and Ca": "#ccc" }, "default": "#ccc", "O": "#e4ffe4", "H": "#e2ffe2", "Si": "#b1ffb1", "Al": "#c4ffc4", "Na": "#c1ffc1", "Fe": "#fefffe", "Mg": "#e0ffe0", "F": "#adffad", "Mn": "#e3ffe3", "P": "#e3ffe3", "K": "#d3ffd3", "C": "#d9ffd9", "Ti": "#ddffdd", "As": "#ffe4e4", "B": "#beffbe", "Cl": "#f7fff7", "S": "#ffc4c4", "Ce": "#b4ffb4", "Nb": "#bfffbf", "Ba": "#f2fff2", "U": "#f7fff7", "Sr": "#abffab", "Zr": "#9cff9c", "Y": "#abffab", "Cu": "#ffbcbc", "Be": "#a9ffa9", "V": "#fff5f5", "Zn": "#ffd5d5", "Pb": "#ffb6b6", "La": "#cbffcb", "Th": "#9cff9c", "Li": "#ffe3e3", "Ta": "#fffdfd", "Nd": "#e0ffe0", "Sb": "#ffb4b4", "Sn": "#ffd7d7", "Cr": "#ffd5d5", "Te": "#ffb3b3", "Sc": "#9cff9c", "W": "#ffe8e8", "Ni": "#ffadad", "Mo": "#ffcece", "Co": "#ffc4c4", "Bi": "#ffa5a5", "N": "#ffb2b2", "Cs": "#fffefe", "I": "#ffdada", "Gd": "#9cff9c", "Se": "#ffa1a1", "Ge": "#ffb6b6", "Dy": "#9cff9c", "Cd": "#ffa9a9", "Ag": "#ff9d9d", "Pr": "#9cff9c", "Yb": "#ffdddd", "Sm": "#ffdddd" } }; $(function() {eleactivate(permode); }); var timtam; $("#hideshow").change(function(){ if($(this).is(":checked")) { $("A[name=Ca]").addClass('eleselected'); } else { $("A[name=Ca]").removeClass('eleselected'); } }) function eleactivate(key) { var ele; var keydesc; var col; var def = peropts[key]["default"]; if(!def) def="#f8f8f8"; $("#chemtdesc").fadeOut(500,function() { $(this).html(peropts[key]["desc"]); $(this).fadeIn(500); }); $(".ptkey").fadeOut(500,function() { var cont = "<h2>Key</h2>"; // "key"=>array("Found in minerals"=>"#fcfcfc","Not found"=>"#ccc"), var keys = Object.keys(peropts[key]["key"]); for(keydes in peropts[key]["key"]) { col=peropts[key]["key"][keydes]; cont+="<div class='keyentry'><span style='background-color: "+col+"; '></span>"+keydes+"</div>"; } $(this).html(cont); $(this).fadeIn(500); }) if(timtam) clearTimeout(timtam); $(".elem A").each(function(index) { ele = $(this).attr('name'); col = peropts[key][ele]; $(this).css('-webkit-transition', 'background 0.5s linear'); $(this).css('-o-transition', 'background 0.5s linear'); $(this).css('-mozilla-transition', 'background 0.5s linear'); $(this).css('transition', 'background 0.5s linear'); if(col) $(this).css('background-color',col); else $(this).css('background-color',def); }); timtam = setTimeout(function() { $(".elem A").css('-webkit-transition', 'none !important'); $(".elem A").css('-o-transition', 'none !important'); $(".elem A").css('-mozilla-transition', 'none !important'); $(".elem A").css('transition', 'none !important'); },1000); } $("A[name=Ca]").addClass('eleselected'); </script> <div class="ptkey"><div></div></div><div class="ptbuttons"><span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate("Default")">Default</span> <span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate("Categories")">Categories</span> <span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate("CPK")">CPK</span> <span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate("Electronegativity")">Electronegativity</span> <span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate("Atomic Radius")">Atomic Radius</span> <span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate("Lowest Oxidation")">Lowest Oxidation</span> <span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate("Highest Oxidation")">Highest Oxidation</span> <span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate("Crustal Abundance")">Crustal Abundance</span> <span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate("Goldschmidt")">Goldschmidt</span> <span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate("Mineral Species")">Mineral Species</span> <span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate("Minerals with Ca")">Minerals with Ca</span> <span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate("Relative Frequency")">Relative Frequency</span> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center"><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Potassium">Potassium</a> << <b>Calcium</b> >> <a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Scandium">Scandium</a></td></tr></table></div><div class="clearer"></div><br><br><table class="mindattable elebh2" style="width: 100%"><tr><th class="eleh3">Most widespread minerals containing Calcium</th><tr><tr><td>This list of minerals containing Calcium is built from the mindat.org locality database. This is based on the number of localities entered for mineral species and is therefore slanted towards minerals interesting to collectors with less coverage of common rock-forming-minerals so it does not give an undistorted distribution of Calcium mineral species. It is more useful when comparing rare species rather than common species.</td></tr><table class="mindattable" style="width: 100%"><tr><th>Name</th><th>Formula</th><th>Crystal System</th><th>Mindat Localities</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-859.html">Calcite</a></td><td><span>CaCO<sub>3</sub></span></td><td>Trigonal</td><td>25216</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-1576.html">Fluorite</a></td><td><span>CaF<sub>2</sub></span></td><td>Isometric</td><td>9302</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-1304.html">Dolomite</a></td><td><span>CaMg(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></span></td><td>Trigonal</td><td>7534</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-1389.html">Epidote</a></td><td><span>{Ca<sub>2</sub>}{Al<sub>2</sub>Fe<sup>3+</sup>}(Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>)(SiO<sub>4</sub>)O(OH)</span></td><td>Monoclinic</td><td>7520</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-1784.html">Gypsum</a></td><td><span>CaSO<sub>4</sub> · 2H<sub>2</sub>O</span></td><td>Monoclinic</td><td>5970</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-3560.html">Scheelite</a></td><td><span>Ca(WO<sub>4</sub>)</span></td><td>Tetragonal</td><td>4615</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-3977.html">Titanite</a></td><td><span>CaTi(SiO<sub>4</sub>)O</span></td><td>Monoclinic</td><td>4427</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-1294.html">Diopside</a></td><td><span>CaMgSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub></span></td><td>Monoclinic</td><td>3607</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-18.html">Actinolite</a></td><td><span>☐{Ca<sub>2</sub>}{Mg<sub>4.5-2.5</sub>Fe<sub>0.5-2.5</sub>}(Si<sub>8</sub>O<sub>22</sub>)(OH)<sub>2</sub></span></td><td>Monoclinic</td><td>3105</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-307.html">Aragonite</a></td><td><span>CaCO<sub>3</sub></span></td><td>Orthorhombic</td><td>3018</td></tr></table><table class="mindattable elephotostrip" style="width: 100%"><tr><th>Photos</th></tr><tr><td><div class="newpicbox hidetablet hidephone"><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 184px;"><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/photo-34553.html"><img width="184" height="237" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/289h372-0388266001251350561.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-859.html">Calcite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-4125.html">Elmwood mine, Carthage, Central Tennessee Ba-F-Pb-Zn District, Smith Co., Tennessee, USA</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 350px;"><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/photo-508876.html"><img width="350" height="237" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/-0328129001357855824.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-1576.html">Fluorite</a>, etc.</b><br><br><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-246442.html">La Fluorita Dulcita Cu prospect, Cochise Co., Arizona, USA</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 251px;"><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/photo-59589.html"><img width="251" height="237" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/289h272-0259775001146426259.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-1304.html">Dolomite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-3127.html">Azcárate Quarry, Eugui, Esteríbar, Navarre, Spain</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 179px;"><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/photo-2104.html"><img width="179" height="237" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/289h382-0146436001008714512.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-1389.html">Epidote</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-5734.html">Tormiq valley, Haramosh Mts., Skardu District, Baltistan, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan</a></div></div><div class="clearer"></div></div><div class="newpicbox hidephone hidepc"><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 122px;"><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/photo-34553.html"><img width="122" height="158" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/289h372-0388266001251350561.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-859.html">Calcite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-4125.html">Elmwood mine, Carthage, Central Tennessee Ba-F-Pb-Zn District, Smith Co., Tennessee, USA</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 233px;"><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/photo-508876.html"><img width="233" height="158" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/-0328129001357855824.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-1576.html">Fluorite</a>, etc.</b><br><br><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-246442.html">La Fluorita Dulcita Cu prospect, Cochise Co., Arizona, USA</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 167px;"><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/photo-59589.html"><img width="167" height="158" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/289h272-0259775001146426259.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-1304.html">Dolomite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-3127.html">Azcárate Quarry, Eugui, Esteríbar, Navarre, Spain</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 119px;"><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/photo-2104.html"><img width="119" height="158" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/289h382-0146436001008714512.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-1389.html">Epidote</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-5734.html">Tormiq valley, Haramosh Mts., Skardu District, Baltistan, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan</a></div></div><div class="clearer"></div></div><div class="newpicbox hidepc hidetablet"><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 287px;"><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/photo-34553.html"><img width="287" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/289h372-0388266001251350561.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-859.html">Calcite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-4125.html">Elmwood mine, Carthage, Central Tennessee Ba-F-Pb-Zn District, Smith Co., Tennessee, USA</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 287px;"><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/photo-508876.html"><img width="287" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/-0328129001357855824.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-1576.html">Fluorite</a>, etc.</b><br><br><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-246442.html">La Fluorita Dulcita Cu prospect, Cochise Co., Arizona, USA</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 287px;"><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/photo-59589.html"><img width="287" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/289h272-0259775001146426259.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-1304.html">Dolomite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-3127.html">Azcárate Quarry, Eugui, Esteríbar, Navarre, Spain</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 287px;"><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/photo-2104.html"><img width="287" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/289h382-0146436001008714512.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-1389.html">Epidote</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-5734.html">Tormiq valley, Haramosh Mts., Skardu District, Baltistan, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan</a></div></div><div class="clearer"></div></div></td></tr></table><br/><table class="mindattable elebh2" style="width: 100%;"><tr><th class="eleh2">Localities with greatest number of different Calcium mineral species</th></tr><tr><td><div id="elegmap2">map should go here</div><table id="diffminlocs"><tr><th><b>1</b></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-1793.html">Caspar quarry, Bellerberg volcano, Ettringen, Mayen, Eifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany</a></td><td class="nobr"><strong>91</strong> Ca minerals</td></tr><tr><th><b>2</b></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-599.html">Poudrette quarry (Demix quarry; Uni-Mix quarry; Desourdy quarry; Carrière Mont Saint-Hilaire), Mont Saint-Hilaire, La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada</a></td><td class="nobr"><strong>90</strong> Ca minerals</td></tr><tr><th><b>3</b></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-3167.html">Långban, Filipstad, Värmland, Sweden</a></td><td class="nobr"><strong>70</strong> Ca minerals</td></tr><tr><th></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-2063.html">Hatrurim Formation, Negev, Israel</a></td><td class="nobr"><strong>69</strong> Ca minerals</td></tr><tr><th><b>5</b></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-8541.html">Franklin Mine, Franklin, Franklin Mining District, Sussex Co., New Jersey, USA</a></td><td class="nobr"><strong>63</strong> Ca minerals</td></tr><tr><th><b>6</b></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-2202.html">Fuka mine, Fuka, Bicchu-cho (Bitchu-cho), Takahashi City, Okayama Prefecture, Chugoku Region, Honshu Island, Japan</a></td><td class="nobr"><strong>62</strong> Ca minerals</td></tr><tr><th><b>7</b></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-3948.html">Sterling Mine, Sterling Hill, Ogdensburg, Franklin Mining District, Sussex Co., New Jersey, USA</a></td><td class="nobr"><strong>58</strong> Ca minerals</td></tr><tr><th><b>8</b></th><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-3071.html">Wessels Mine (Wessel's Mine), Hotazel, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape Province, South Africa</a></td><td class="nobr"><strong>55</strong> Ca minerals</td></tr></table><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20161205093454js_/http://maps.google.com/maps/api/js"></script> <script> var map2; $(function() { var c = new google.maps.LatLng(0,0); var bounds2 = new google.maps.LatLngBounds(); var myOptions = { scrollwheel: false, center: c, zoom: 1, mapTypeId: google.maps.MapTypeId.ROADMAP } map2 = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById("elegmap2"), myOptions); var pnt = new google.maps.Point(3,30); var image = '/js/markers/purpleblank.png'; var myLatlng = new google.maps.LatLng(50.3516666667,7.23388888889); bounds2.extend(myLatlng); var bmarker1 = new google.maps.Marker({ position: myLatlng, map: map2, icon: image, label: { color: 'white', text: "1"}, title: 'Caspar quarry, Bellerberg volcano, Ettringen, Mayen, Eifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany'}); var myLatlng = new google.maps.LatLng(45.5627777778,-73.1416666667); bounds2.extend(myLatlng); var bmarker2 = new google.maps.Marker({ position: myLatlng, map: map2, icon: image, label: { color: 'white', text: "2"}, title: 'Poudrette quarry (Demix quarry; Uni-Mix quarry; Desourdy quarry; Carrière Mont Saint-Hilaire), Mont Saint-Hilaire, La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada'}); var myLatlng = new google.maps.LatLng(59.8536111111,14.2594444444); bounds2.extend(myLatlng); var bmarker3 = new google.maps.Marker({ position: myLatlng, map: map2, icon: image, label: { color: 'white', text: "3"}, title: 'Långban, Filipstad, Värmland, Sweden'}); var myLatlng = new google.maps.LatLng(41.1158333333,-74.5875); bounds2.extend(myLatlng); var bmarker5 = new google.maps.Marker({ position: myLatlng, map: map2, icon: image, label: { color: 'white', text: "5"}, title: 'Franklin Mine, Franklin, Franklin Mining District, Sussex Co., New Jersey, USA'}); var myLatlng = new google.maps.LatLng(34.7666666667,133.433333333); bounds2.extend(myLatlng); var bmarker6 = new google.maps.Marker({ position: myLatlng, map: map2, icon: image, label: { color: 'white', text: "6"}, title: 'Fuka mine, Fuka, Bicchu-cho (Bitchu-cho), Takahashi City, Okayama Prefecture, Chugoku Region, Honshu Island, Japan'}); var myLatlng = new google.maps.LatLng(41.0836111111,-74.6047222222); bounds2.extend(myLatlng); var bmarker7 = new google.maps.Marker({ position: myLatlng, map: map2, icon: image, label: { color: 'white', text: "7"}, title: 'Sterling Mine, Sterling Hill, Ogdensburg, Franklin Mining District, Sussex Co., New Jersey, USA'}); var myLatlng = new google.maps.LatLng(-27.2,22.9666666667); bounds2.extend(myLatlng); var bmarker8 = new google.maps.Marker({ position: myLatlng, map: map2, icon: image, label: { color: 'white', text: "8"}, title: 'Wessels Mine (Wessel\'s Mine), Hotazel, Kalahari manganese field, Northern Cape Province, South Africa'}); map2.fitBounds(bounds2); }); </script> </td></tr></table><br><br><table class="mindattable elebh2" style="width: 100%"><tr><th class="eleh3">Important industrial minerals containing Calcium</th><tr><tr><td>The most important industrial minerals containing calcium are the carbonate family - rocks such as limestone, dolomite and marble are quarried for their calcium carbonate content, heated to produce quick lime (CaO) which is used for cement and many other industrial purposes. <br/> <br/> Calcium sulfides - gypsum and anhydrite, are used for creating plasterboard for construction along with many other uses.<br/> <br/> Fluorite is used primarily as a flux, it's also used as a source of fluorine to create hydrofluoric acid. See the <a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/element/Fluorine">fluorine</a> page for more details.</td></tr><table class="mindattable" style="width: 100%"><tr><th>Name</th><th>Formula</th><th>Crystal System</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-859.html">Calcite</a></td><td><span>CaCO<sub>3</sub></span></td><td>Trigonal</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-307.html">Aragonite</a></td><td><span>CaCO<sub>3</sub></span></td><td>Orthorhombic</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-1784.html">Gypsum</a></td><td><span>CaSO<sub>4</sub> · 2H<sub>2</sub>O</span></td><td>Monoclinic</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-234.html">Anhydrite</a></td><td><span>CaSO<sub>4</sub></span></td><td>Orthorhombic</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-1576.html">Fluorite</a></td><td><span>CaF<sub>2</sub></span></td><td>Isometric</td></tr></table><table class="mindattable elephotostrip" style="width: 100%"><tr><th>Photos</th></tr><tr><td><div class="newpicbox hidetablet hidephone"><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 261px;"><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/photo-76408.html"><img width="261" height="196" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/261h196-0763700001161009666.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-859.html">Calcite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-1415.html">Bigrigg Mine, Bigrigg, West Cumberland Iron Field, Cumbria, England, UK</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 294px;"><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/photo-179256.html"><img width="294" height="196" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/294h196-0878897001325113036.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-307.html">Aragonite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-12795.html">Gergovie, La-Roche-Blanche, Veyre-Monton, Puy-de-Dôme, Auvergne, France</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 262px;"><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/photo-229362.html"><img width="262" height="196" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/262h196-0462766001242054755.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-1784.html">Gypsum</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-6861.html">Boldut Mine, Cavnic, Maramureș Co., Romania</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 146px;"><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/photo-36996.html"><img width="146" height="196" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/146h196-0110609001125588275.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-234.html">Anhydrite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-2308.html">Naica, Mun. de Saucillo, Chihuahua, Mexico</a></div></div><div class="clearer"></div></div><div class="newpicbox hidephone hidepc"><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 174px;"><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/photo-76408.html"><img width="174" height="130" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/261h196-0763700001161009666.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-859.html">Calcite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-1415.html">Bigrigg Mine, Bigrigg, West Cumberland Iron Field, Cumbria, England, UK</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 196px;"><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/photo-179256.html"><img width="196" height="130" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/294h196-0878897001325113036.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-307.html">Aragonite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-12795.html">Gergovie, La-Roche-Blanche, Veyre-Monton, Puy-de-Dôme, Auvergne, France</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 175px;"><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/photo-229362.html"><img width="175" height="130" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/262h196-0462766001242054755.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-1784.html">Gypsum</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-6861.html">Boldut Mine, Cavnic, Maramureș Co., Romania</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 97px;"><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/photo-36996.html"><img width="97" height="130" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/146h196-0110609001125588275.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-234.html">Anhydrite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-2308.html">Naica, Mun. de Saucillo, Chihuahua, Mexico</a></div></div><div class="clearer"></div></div><div class="newpicbox hidepc hidetablet"><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 287px;"><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/photo-76408.html"><img width="287" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/287-0763700001161009666.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-859.html">Calcite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-1415.html">Bigrigg Mine, Bigrigg, West Cumberland Iron Field, Cumbria, England, UK</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 287px;"><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/photo-179256.html"><img width="287" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/294h196-0878897001325113036.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-307.html">Aragonite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-12795.html">Gergovie, La-Roche-Blanche, Veyre-Monton, Puy-de-Dôme, Auvergne, France</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 287px;"><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/photo-229362.html"><img width="287" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/287-0462766001242054755.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-1784.html">Gypsum</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-6861.html">Boldut Mine, Cavnic, Maramureș Co., Romania</a></div></div><div class="userbigpicture noborder" style="float: left; width: 287px;"><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/photo-36996.html"><img width="287" src="/web/20161205093454im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/287-0110609001125588275.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/min-234.html">Anhydrite</a></b><br><br><a href="/web/20161205093454/http://www.mindat.org/loc-2308.html">Naica, Mun. de Saucillo, Chihuahua, Mexico</a></div></div><div class="clearer"></div></div></td></tr></table><div class="clearer"></div><div id="element_smallprint"><br><br><b>Spotted a mistake/omission?</b> - These pages are a work in progress, so please send all comments/corrections to <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161205093454/mailto:jolyon@mindat.org">jolyon@mindat.org</a>. Thank you.</br><br> Constants and physical property data from:<br><br> David R. Lide (ed.), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005).<br> Kaye and Laby Tables of Physical & Chemical Constants (2005). Section 3.1.3, Abundances of the elements<br> A. Earnshaw, N. Greenwood, Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, (1997)<br> Thomas J. Ahrens (ed.), Global Earth Physics : A Handbook of Physical Constants, American Geophysical Union (1995)<br> L.B. Railsback, An Earth Scientist's Periodic Table of the Elements and Their Ions : Geology 31:9 p737-740 (2003)<br> Emsley, J. Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. 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Calcium: The mineralogy of Calcium