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open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p>The <b>Welsh Church Act 1914</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Parliament">Act of Parliament</a> under which the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> was separated and <a href="/wiki/Disestablishment" class="mw-redirect" title="Disestablishment">disestablished</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monmouthshire_(historic)" title="Monmouthshire (historic)">Monmouthshire</a>, leading to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Church_in_Wales" title="Church in Wales">Church in Wales</a>. The Act had long been demanded by the <a href="/wiki/Nonconformity_in_Wales" title="Nonconformity in Wales">Nonconformist community in Wales</a>, which composed the majority of the population and which resented paying taxes to the Church of England. It was sponsored by the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal Party</a> (a stronghold of the Nonconformists) and opposed by the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> (a stronghold of the Anglicans).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Welsh Church Act 1914</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold;">Act of Parliament</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_1%29.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_1%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_1%29.svg/210px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_1%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_1%29.svg/280px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_1%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1550"></span></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Short_and_long_titles" title="Short and long titles">Long title</a></th><td class="infobox-data description">An Act to terminate the establishment of the Church of England in Wales and Monmouthshire, and to make provision in respect of the Temporalities thereof, and for other purposes in connection with the matters aforesaid.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Citation_of_United_Kingdom_legislation" title="Citation of United Kingdom legislation">Citation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/4_%26_5_Geo._5" class="mw-redirect" title="4 & 5 Geo. 5">4 & 5 Geo. 5</a>. c. 91</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Territorial extent </span></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Dates</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">Royal assent</a></th><td class="infobox-data">18 September 1914</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coming_into_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Coming into force">Commencement</a></th><td class="infobox-data dtstart">31 March 1920<br><small><i>(see <a href="/wiki/Suspensory_Act_1914" title="Suspensory Act 1914">Suspensory Act 1914</a>)</i></small></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Other legislation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Amended by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Interpretation_Act_1889" title="Interpretation Act 1889">Interpretation Act 1889</a><br><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Church_(Temporalities)_Act_1919" title="Welsh Church (Temporalities) Act 1919">Welsh Church (Temporalities) Act 1919</a><br><a href="/wiki/Statute_Law_Revision_Act_1927" title="Statute Law Revision Act 1927">Statute Law Revision Act 1927</a><br><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Church_(Amendment)_Act_1938" title="Welsh Church (Amendment) Act 1938">Welsh Church (Amendment) Act 1938</a><br><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Church_(Burial_Grounds)_Act_1945" title="Welsh Church (Burial Grounds) Act 1945">Welsh Church (Burial Grounds) Act 1945</a><br>Charities Act 1960<br><a href="/wiki/Courts_and_Legal_Services_Act_1990" title="Courts and Legal Services Act 1990">Courts and Legal Services Act 1990</a><br><a href="/wiki/Local_Government_(Wales)_Act_1994" title="Local Government (Wales) Act 1994">Local Government (Wales) Act 1994</a><br><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_(Removal_of_Clergy_Disqualification)_Act_2001" title="House of Commons (Removal of Clergy Disqualification) Act 2001">House of Commons (Removal of Clergy Disqualification) Act 2001</a><br><a href="/wiki/Statute_Law_(Repeals)_Act_2004" title="Statute Law (Repeals) Act 2004">Statute Law (Repeals) Act 2004</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relates to</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Church_Act_1869" title="Irish Church Act 1869">Irish Church Act 1869</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspensory_Act_1914" title="Suspensory Act 1914">Suspensory Act 1914</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><div style="background-color: #ffffcc;">Status: Amended</div></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo5/4-5/91/contents/enacted">Text of statute as originally enacted</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo5/4-5/91/contents">Revised text of statute as amended</a></th></tr></tbody></table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Responses"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Responses</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Analysis"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Analysis</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_Church_Act_1914&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sunday_Closing_(Wales)_Act_1881" title="Sunday Closing (Wales) Act 1881">Sunday Closing (Wales) Act 1881</a> was significant landmark legislation which introduced a religious legal difference to Wales. Welsh university colleges were formed in Cardiff and Bangor in 1883–84 and Welsh issues were prominent in the parliament of 1886–92. The introduction of the Welsh land commission of 1892 and the formation of the University of Wales in 1893 were driven by Welsh Liberals, supported by Welsh Liberal <a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a>. Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">William Gladstone</a> also later became more supportive and voted in favour of <a href="/wiki/Disestablishment" class="mw-redirect" title="Disestablishment">disestablishment</a>. The two men contributed to Welsh disestablishment and acknowledged the Welsh national consciousness. After 1886 the sentiment of <a href="/wiki/Cymru_Fydd" title="Cymru Fydd">Cymru Fydd</a> developed, with more politicians moving in view towards a <a href="/wiki/Welsh_home_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh home rule">Welsh home rule</a> similar to <a href="/wiki/Irish_Home_Rule_movement" title="Irish Home Rule movement">Ireland</a>'s, including <a href="/wiki/T._E._Ellis" title="T. E. Ellis">T. E. Ellis</a>, who also supported disestablishment as a return of religion in Wales to the native order. Whilst the Irish nationalist movement focused on home rule, the Welsh movement focused on disestablishment. The <a href="/wiki/Liberal_government,_1892%E2%80%931895" title="Liberal government, 1892–1895">Rosebery government</a> eventually gave in to pressures from Welsh Liberals and Cymru Fydd, and introduced a Welsh Disestablishment Bill 1894. This was rejected; it was followed by another Bill in 1909 which was also rejected. Another Bill was introduced in 1912, and despite rejection from the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> the Bill was passed in 1914 after the Parliament Act allowed overriding of the Lords.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 70-year continuous campaign for Welsh disestablishment culminated in the passing of the Welsh Church Act in 1914; it came into force in 1920, having been delayed by the First World War. The campaign was motivated by a desire for freedom of religious expression as well as legal and civil equality for <a href="/wiki/Welsh_nonconformity" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh nonconformity">Welsh nonconformity</a>. The matter also became associated with a wider movement for the recognition of the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_national_identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh national identity">Welsh national identity</a>, Welsh distinctiveness and culture and the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh language</a>. Although Welsh Liberals were divided on the issue of Welsh home rule in the 1890s, they were united on disestablishment in Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Act was controversial, and was passed by the House of Commons under the provisions of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_Act_1911" title="Parliament Act 1911">Parliament Act 1911</a>, which reduced the power of the House of Lords to block legislation. The main financial terms were that the Church no longer received <a href="/wiki/Tithe" title="Tithe">tithe</a> money (a land tax), but kept all its churches, properties and <a href="/wiki/Glebe" title="Glebe">glebes</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Church_Commissioners" title="Welsh Church Commissioners">Welsh Church Commissioners</a> were set up by the Act to identify affected assets and oversee their transfer.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Act was politically and historically significant as one of the first pieces of legislation to apply solely to Wales (and <a href="/wiki/Monmouthshire_(historic)" title="Monmouthshire (historic)">Monmouthshire</a>) as opposed to the wider legal entity of <a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" title="England and Wales">England and Wales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Owing to the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914, the Act was given <a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">royal assent</a> on 18 September simultaneously with another controversial bill, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ireland_Act_1914" title="Government of Ireland Act 1914">Government of Ireland Act 1914</a>. In addition, royal assent was given to the <a href="/wiki/Suspensory_Act_1914" title="Suspensory Act 1914">Suspensory Act 1914</a> which provided that the two other Acts would not <a href="/wiki/Coming_into_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Coming into force">come into force</a> for the remainder of the war. On 31 March 1920 most of the Welsh part of the Church of England became the <a href="/wiki/Church_in_Wales" title="Church in Wales">Church in Wales</a>, an independent <a href="/wiki/Province" title="Province">province</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a>, with (originally) four <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">dioceses</a> led by the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Wales" title="Archbishop of Wales">Archbishop of Wales</a>. However, 18 out of 19 church parishes which spanned the Welsh/English border <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England_border_polls_1915%E2%80%931916" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of England border polls 1915–1916">overwhelmingly voted in individual referendums to remain within the Church of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CCTW_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCTW-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cent_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cent-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Welsh Church Act and the Government of Ireland Act were (together with the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_Act_1949" title="Parliament Act 1949">Parliament Act 1949</a>) the only Acts enacted by invoking the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_Act_1911" title="Parliament Act 1911">Parliament Act 1911</a> until the <a href="/wiki/War_Crimes_Act_1991" title="War Crimes Act 1991">War Crimes Act</a> in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Responses">Responses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_Church_Act_1914&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Responses" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>English author <a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">G. K. Chesterton</a>, an Anglican who would be received into the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> in 1922, ridiculed the passion that was generated by the Bill in his 1915 poem <i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Antichrist,_or_the_Reunion_of_Christendom:_An_Ode" class="extiw" title="s:Antichrist, or the Reunion of Christendom: An Ode">Antichrist, or the Reunion of Christendom: An Ode</a></i>, repeatedly addressing <a href="/wiki/F._E._Smith,_1st_Earl_of_Birkenhead" title="F. E. Smith, 1st Earl of Birkenhead">F. E. Smith</a>, one of the chief opponents of the Act.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Analysis">Analysis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_Church_Act_1914&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Analysis" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>An analysis published by Wales <a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">Humanists</a> at an event in the <a href="/wiki/Senedd_building" title="Senedd building">Senedd</a> in 2020, reflecting on 100 years of disestablishment in Wales, identified the Welsh Church Act 1914 as a critical component in the development of Wales's distinctively pluralistic and secular approaches to governance in the era of <a href="/wiki/Devolution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Devolution in the United Kingdom">devolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_Church_Act_1914&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wales" title="Religion in Wales">Religion in Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Church_Act_1869" title="Irish Church Act 1869">Irish Church Act 1869</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_enacted_without_the_House_of_Lords%27_consent" title="List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom enacted without the House of Lords' consent">List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom enacted without the House of Lords' consent</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_Church_Act_1914&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo5/4-5/91/contents">"Welsh Church Act 1914"</a>. Legislation.gov.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welsh+Church+Act+1914&rft.pub=Legislation.gov.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2FGeo5%2F4-5%2F91%2Fcontents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+Church+Act+1914" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Glanmor Williams, <i>The Welsh Church from Reformation to Disestablishment, 1603-1920</i> (U of Wales Press, 2007).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan1981" class="citation book cs1">Morgan, Kenneth O. (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2DB2EHJ08aIC"><i>Rebirth of a Nation: Wales, 1880-1980</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 36–186. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-821736-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-821736-7"><bdi>978-0-19-821736-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rebirth+of+a+Nation%3A+Wales%2C+1880-1980&rft.pages=36-186&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-19-821736-7&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2DB2EHJ08aIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+Church+Act+1914" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvansFulton2019" class="citation book cs1">Evans, Geraint; Fulton, Helen (18 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Dm2MDwAAQBAJ"><i>The Cambridge History of Welsh Literature</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 361. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-10676-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-10676-5"><bdi>978-1-107-10676-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Welsh+Literature&rft.pages=361&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2019-04-18&rft.isbn=978-1-107-10676-5&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Geraint&rft.au=Fulton%2C+Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDm2MDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+Church+Act+1914" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2003" class="citation journal cs1">Taylor, Simon J. (May 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1353790032000067545">"Disestablished Establishment: High and Earthed Establishment in the Church in Wales"</a>. <i>Journal of Contemporary Religion</i>. <b>18</b> (2): 227–240. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1353790032000067545">10.1080/1353790032000067545</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1353-7903">1353-7903</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143966134">143966134</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contemporary+Religion&rft.atitle=Disestablished+Establishment%3A+High+and+Earthed+Establishment+in+the+Church+in+Wales&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=227-240&rft.date=2003-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143966134%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1353-7903&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1353790032000067545&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Simon+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F1353790032000067545&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+Church+Act+1914" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins, P. (1992), <i>A History of Modern Wales 1536–1990</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CCTW-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CCTW_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The First Report of the Commissioners for Church Temporalities in Wales (1914–16) Cd 8166, p 5; Second Report of the Commissioners for Church Temporalities in Wales (1917–18) Cd 8472 viii 93, p 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cent-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cent_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2011" class="citation journal cs1">Roberts, Nicholas (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/21693/">"The historical background to the Marriage (Wales) Act 2010"</a>. <i>Ecclesiastical Law Journal</i>. <b>13</b> (1): 39–56, fn 98. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0956618X10000785">10.1017/S0956618X10000785</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144909754">144909754</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecclesiastical+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=The+historical+background+to+the+Marriage+%28Wales%29+Act+2010&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=39-56%2C+fn+98&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0956618X10000785&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144909754%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcentaur.reading.ac.uk%2F21693%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+Church+Act+1914" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.totalpolitics.com/articles/news/parliament-act-century">"The Parliament Act: a century on"</a>. <i>TotalPolitics.com</i>. 10 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TotalPolitics.com&rft.atitle=The+Parliament+Act%3A+a+century+on&rft.date=2011-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.totalpolitics.com%2Farticles%2Fnews%2Fparliament-act-century&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+Church+Act+1914" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChesterton" class="citation cs2">Chesterton, Gilbert Keith, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Poems_(Chesterton,_1915)/Antichrist,_or_the_Reunion_of_Christendom:_An_Ode">"Antichrist, or the Reunion of Christendom: An Ode"</a>, <i>Poems</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Poems&rft.atitle=Antichrist%2C+or+the+Reunion+of+Christendom%3A+An+Ode&rft.aulast=Chesterton&rft.aufirst=Gilbert+Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FPoems_%28Chesterton%2C_1915%29%2FAntichrist%2C_or_the_Reunion_of_Christendom%3A_An_Ode&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+Church+Act+1914" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://humanism.org.uk/2020/12/07/wales-humanists-launches-report-on-100-years-of-disestablishment/">"Wales Humanists launches report on 100 years of disestablishment"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Humanists_UK" title="Humanists UK">Humanists UK</a></i>. 7 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Humanists+UK&rft.atitle=Wales+Humanists+launches+report+on+100+years+of+disestablishment&rft.date=2020-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhumanism.org.uk%2F2020%2F12%2F07%2Fwales-humanists-launches-report-on-100-years-of-disestablishment%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelsh+Church+Act+1914" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_Church_Act_1914&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li>O’Leary, Paul. "Religion, Nationality and Politics: Disestablishment in Ireland and Wales 1868–1914." in <i>Contrasts and Comparisons: Studies in Irish and Welsh Church History,</i> edited by J.R. Guy and W.G. Neely (1999): 89–113.</li> <li>Taylor, Simon J. "Disestablished Establishment: High and Earthed Establishment in the Church in Wales." <i>Journal of Contemporary Religion</i> 18.2 (2003): 227–240.</li> <li>Watkin, T. G. "Disestablishment, <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a> and the Constitutional Development of the Church in Wales." in <i>Essays in Canon Law–A Study of the Church in Wales</i> (U of Wales Press, 1992).</li> <li>Williams, Glanmor. <i>The Welsh Church from Reformation to Disestablishment, 1603-1920</i> (U of Wales Press, 2007).</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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