CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "academic.oup.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '9157e81989d8fe15',cH: '.muTlEz3l12cETYVtsm6DZcKGW1udCp3Mrj.tGjDnB8-1740153179-1.2.1.1-sz7ZTvsKUOX6YYUtIpns8TAvmvjmWKpx7.v0hOVczs3zgpg1uqZIGZShR7C0qr3B',cUPMDTk: "\/nar\/article\/47\/W1\/W26\/5494724?__cf_chl_tk=KTbcQXJ8magYjVEv0agrF2vqUXXbteIufM3x5.2JDDs-1740153179-1.0.1.1-AlybZmfLSJSzkTQo_LHZIk_YGhLjiNTJEki6JjLgXLU",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740153179',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/nar\/article\/47\/W1\/W26\/5494724?__cf_chl_f_tk=KTbcQXJ8magYjVEv0agrF2vqUXXbteIufM3x5.2JDDs-1740153179-1.0.1.1-AlybZmfLSJSzkTQo_LHZIk_YGhLjiNTJEki6JjLgXLU",md: "OrkhGMbeQmFLITYYlCwr7SC4wZVHNqAi7aLAfgV45pU-1740153179-1.2.1.1-D4RC93qqW0RVnpIoqH4AkQCSfheM4ZLHnN9rbsYeQEVHou0oYGTY0CjuVenyN5p9P_BQOW9QzFHPeYFM79PZh4ytdP8KPt0nMOVbPsdjf0kyF9z.Yx09a4SzQH01iVGhbao79qmSWB96UWH8Ab_5TiE1zr64OqN6ZQKknZ3Cbb55G2N97QRd0krqTOvLObvkAElbZGhrVg63KG7pp4e645BXxgLBPedtsEoTSwcq.bhm6g7Q0TE90dWLpO7B2vEt8VwQS3e0HkOKKoMRDDxH0qrXtpyRw6_l4aNy3P5SCuoIcF76zu_i2eQVBqq6bYPpCythwTqKqrBuMLC2dJW.G7mPtNek8R7ljp_0TttACMrsy2H097WsqDapVK9BfflpwHTA_ll3pevhE1oSf7NhXw3iCkVk1LgUV8EZ0.BYjNbfhIIs8bR.lpLRdOMqNiyzNgwZVAWugnb_pnj.BZTKEa0QlukgznP4_ymEznZVdgdmfqUsqgg2nLv4wNN.fTsjhpmKwI0klY28V28jJVNguFA17yDh_UX1DbPSkTW9cz.Ue7yvqpfyqT8Ofls1MqRdxfQg7CL6tW3aR9lcPTPyiSaWUJz0hKrjMXpyMVpRcoJ2j4DSISn4ljbuvb30B3dNdC0XT.6Om1H.0qM.BVqABrv1KtnWInE8DAea9GTti6VVWZxIG1wAmkpudHGhtgBO5JKTuQff3uW3HSw6h_.S4O5JWXGFj0gbVdhuf6yFcXhkOK_lJdyGI0AsZeEnierefQDFF1c2Br8OK41VCC5BkY1Ua7HWM9PYPgL8t.G9qxRzsDMYaZ7kX_rZtj5l18B2ifG1BOkaknrjxSO35Le7HszsKg8loGxJdXL3HCd2vVGrVVjPs6mu5EKC97i46HhODMkfRhyv19t0Pq_YgQifdsxHG2n1KBDPrmJJ3ZVLaHzS689hEFUWS5wL7uDqImkCJDyO1RGAbgfDSHd3bpeihVvYj4GzGCyJx7poZ4r6lNyMcRr3Yt9yHDf5YdaK9BR3vDdzga2SJZd5OMbpPkAg5vajpdjWN2pxzaJDnCZm1rn94fRVKCZ8oqBmeQs061oTQqu2cASabZ3tJ4vxV2LrZROcKVRg2Vbh9kQiBZOMC5NfEHoitinq0iVbGaQSG9B9Tcgrmji7RDnl.Nf21F31Q7ppTeP3YPO1sgb8bSYWMC9cr6Adq.lFGAp8QFLa82Sj4WAsr6EbWgasmjWQQuuzANkIEYubkgbMfiu7RhKXAQKDwoVmA_uyZu2Cpw8.Nl2p0xWz7xInEx97Gm790wMrrDNQybL8em9lhR1TeQrWuJAlrV6_rfHsUnAwn7sOmbjFi7Aft2TLO6AVSpJNM3LWBxCM7K3ACbwK2NZIB4YRsalAvJa0Mjb.D9hJog5nEf1wXYTEgk4U601afvnHZDlhkeYQ8sqyBUVVOGonNrKRA.OhEdZazkooJm_hD2J84hkiNP6re1sbIKV9qUmKKQZzhFtKclyu13i47rqS0i1_ExfTF4ahSu2gaSaU6eAFgVi0abkesn1aT3jo_e0VShOHlZ8IdZ1YZonc13cOoX34aM1ghItgZxMOXksuf1wAY_XGlTqbsykwxyyyLzRShrt33q853eEys8XUXb3YW6zaAuwzde.RYEesqCdaGs2VrvY6qe8dPjYn7S.nUDsvnxngwHS.CSIzDvybmYgrYiDCqmwZC6SHqfs243RFfCoIh2uwJsLwdegd6uow6NWKn58MF6WOI6X3EeC8zbDJgdQNzA3Rr9iu4c5Tiw1B0dMNNq5SoqwqgZBHbiqpsjHsZvNg2zv9QsySNlVUnGEJSchXO7ONimEWxlLD7j0UIxTJrmhve9LNFhM4OmU3ALOuQzj0txm0Ic3JOfhx9RU5gjgw62atCIJWBRW8z9xzuU6Q7x2ZNaFd1i3c40OmSh_5u7_KSdc8vwGtOZ3kI2ehKe9Ci_5Xse5lTFX4OvWRhKE.OnB6peB.fiAbBOpmUzlEGioRFCm9QPy.5TjPGTe3n8zgM8I5tAARsCc1hOKCpWkafbTRpguoASnpJR2HVNbpwrwCPwb1Dc5EY8rrK6wQdLTTQ0xfZ7QB1neeRQ5ZbKFjk0WCpq9RuwEu.ZKhYxC6WEPZQ1B1tlmUqJaPcSgYx7SUK2vKPCSoki_3VMf8OF2zMPlCzPJDC.77kDGXAxJjBT0h00hIhy7ZOykgtqLhP2MWoKCv6PNPWqCMJJ7FOX3keRketUZGrEcFXJ50_9VcNV8rcue6Ln95kuE_CfcbCRIgDac3m.iD8m8DIvW1UlOPwZ1fZL22CWp8hvIQLPJpw7B7GylwaIlFjiMMkUsfsHv2UgWBTetORWRVounTdfPtF3TzNx6WUcxiBasnkpUb0dZ8tXBJuatZgdQuit4QvEit1j9SxmUNOtgyJKQbrXsb5egPez39Bo3hzunsEJwgoiBDb3v68lWFIBmYEmmP4DNCj2CiVB4Mg.msRHEkqLE.FZX_i66uw4gOpiWYNMyVam.UBWJMHcZw6zfzfBoLinf.jOl3HMX2sB7LJ9HtnbIdXh0x8tyywh24LirbHgB4jBKPyg",mdrd: "dPyKnsndR5VWHKFQ.QszsNPtQG9_51vi8T6xG8hOnoU-1740153179-1.2.1.1-DTz4Qgu3vwJvkMBsogOPvL_hCMczhFbgGaHDlFGVmvPSRIzuQ7u44W73tn2k4em5Q8ZMariDi9ot508IdJ9aXsdMX0_uUrXa9po8D3vxfMLrgd_tiiguJxb0g_JXyQI5.6g0cgEV6946DnjVeb9ZnpufM.L622r2zmlAKk5ej3APkNPCZx.UPisrIT9v.Y78N3awPlCaYMoRFau5zc.95Agxq7jtfJ2gKuuvZlkKSuNlp0yESUDal8_NuJl9VNs7EE1wHbs52nwleTqxXlVoXzp5n4IJTO8e3uMIk7GifEpLn4kqQcZISOPN7ZGnycqwTOEpfceYqpZsAanmMkoC0kn3IhJJN7C4Y2uvTSabdklrDRt48s.wBOuwkVVvbcr5R.0P8UVizkRWZm4xN9wdIpy0oHxFpxOdpxRODnZpvr1KP24FlW6GetjPqEYs0J08F8mSrmwd5lWhyF7ZQK8IVrn1nV0pdFXRpa53w.Q2thW_NlpAPD6ScGCvROmurbdnwEOkmgf45O9klSLfDB_0ihCO63M5tbJ3MMJxhi5vGBGbvN5l_VZjwXg_FtRwh0vuOkn54KfYbeuQew8RmborfeYV37uloW54Me1UDvivRFj_b2hQZ.S9NCQSTKHZxSub9K21Ix6pgjGr8c7j_zmMxVJvRjrpQeXI4pUe3Vs2WTIIovXQVD6yFuvjk8HZkGECcHEHrFfCIH.DgafeC45V8ClUI.U5xbximk8YimoLi4cnt5y8HjaiUfyPvQQO_GtbAARuiF5OZfICAlZNZpTU.BmUZRcu2FME6_gKCqx3nPK6tN7q1vtrKNUXABBwTl2dKllPPqB95UYLhX8yjAvjw5t_yzlTCh19weG1bhFzCt.3dHkvQMrpHkEyPu98ebntWNXYqT8brxLiylx.G9.hniLDmIQf7TYKna7.7xC5m8zrV16ex9n2NVw5M1.H1w7MUwC0cZghkOvTBpzoHMaq.DKuszjn_arAtdD3QgVHeyxiX5wPeY2nYvnWdQz3K25PL6aA.rFHYYCiXrquskeqbcDsTUyBugua1l07woPOhNrpiU6OWQk2zwyrfUtVi3XywBwhgoo9HNZcluqZtLZQk3ZtnYpT.sCP8rFrvM3UNPh01xDahmLhGvJ2UqfUn2RMO8FdZREAldBpBFkwEiz7RPgjr6DMh6.bKC8VKE9CuniuIt0DRjp66jK3_HO77kr003SE.VhPOo97sWxEbIcqQQB8oPae47jtHoR1LqTXs48TRMUKuB5iJUNFlNUFkU78tfhVWBz1lX1mwoQnv_u1IYPYzHVjzGlpOgTw89qerBiN4c9PxZG6mEmApLDzNlCZkoti1qOH8Bh3Su.4mKQeV1yi1iO4uh6YJN4q_NgjIPr0kPlM6l8Aw8Apssj7f4Lqm1vtaSVNJQ7LnkrvyQ1YMPGc7z6VfvRcjzAKAegiwNkVGeGBAvEUknK4ej_swh0xfGt3A4PO2tA9VSYOJJ1zfGjtdCCzUNqkRCpnh32RMnW375_4f71HaTfrP7zFuibdC6y5TVeedwhNOUfgRdwVESdetBW3rgM8PnV.BkBHqoUSk5HddxbcGGcvbTEyGHGoQemNI00lUoFXNUsHaZDEIZJ4jKlFUn7.VWTdCgAYEFR77JJqyx68yAii5lqChIKtjXfP7u3fv1mgboeKU1uIjwpbt3Cw_96MSmtEojDeDJpctgdRuub9Rh7Bu_7eGuFFNwUp7YH90_XdbOBUcCogUUJ_.J7FYCklSVeZFY9Fji41HQK6VJkXzucQDtgLxHKA7_chSmQle_Og7FI1KB3NYCOdTZaiwEtOoFlaCH_goF5A3nTnGS7uiucPaHHZZUpVo9tvkKQ9I5A.pEySBZMot0aiE_YWIduTvTtgStjG7QkgDEkjxFMF43gXe.zc_8bHLbQtD7uRB361L.oWjc98WW7XiyvZ7PwhehvntpjNPEc"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9157e81989d8fe15';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/nar\/article\/47\/W1\/W26\/5494724?__cf_chl_rt_tk=KTbcQXJ8magYjVEv0agrF2vqUXXbteIufM3x5.2JDDs-1740153179-1.0.1.1-AlybZmfLSJSzkTQo_LHZIk_YGhLjiNTJEki6JjLgXLU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>