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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Anglo-Saxon trade settlement</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Wich_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Wich (disambiguation)">Wich</a>.</div> <p>A "<b>-<i>wich</i> town</b>" is a settlement in <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon England">Anglo-Saxon England</a> characterised by extensive <a href="/wiki/Artisan" title="Artisan">artisanal</a> activity and trade – an "<a href="/wiki/Emporium_(early_medieval)" title="Emporium (early medieval)">emporium</a>". The name is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Anglo-Saxon</a> suffix <strong>-<span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">wīc</i></span></strong>, signifying "a dwelling<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or fortified<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> place". </p><p>Such settlements were usually coastal <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and many have left <a href="/wiki/Material_culture" title="Material culture">material traces</a> found during <a href="/wiki/Excavation_(archaeology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Excavation (archaeology)">excavation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Eilert_Ekwall" title="Eilert Ekwall">Eilert Ekwall</a> wrote: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><abbr title="Old English (Anglo-Saxon)">OE</abbr> <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">wīc</i></span>, an early loan-word from Lat <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">vicus</i></span>, means 'dwelling, dwelling-place; village, hamlet, town; street in a town; farm, esp. a dairy-farm'. ... It is impossible to distinguish neatly between the various senses. Probably the most common meaning is 'dairy-farm'. ... In names of salt-working towns ... <i>wīc</i> originally denoted the buildings connected with a salt-pit or even the town that grew up around it. But a special meaning 'salt-works', found already in <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">DB</a>, developed."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>As well as <i>-wich</i>, <i>-<span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">wīc</i></span></i> was the origin of the endings <strong>-<i>wyck</i></strong> and <strong>-<i>wick</i></strong>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as, for example, in <a href="/wiki/Papplewick" title="Papplewick">Papplewick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nottinghamshire" title="Nottinghamshire">Nottinghamshire</a>. </p><p>Four former "-<i>wīc</i> towns" are known in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> as the consequence of excavation. Two of these – <a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_York" title="Scandinavian York">Jorvik (Jorwic)</a> in present-day York and <a href="/wiki/Lundenwic" class="mw-redirect" title="Lundenwic">Lundenwic</a> near London – are waterfront sites, while the other two, <a href="/wiki/Hamwic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamwic">Hamwic</a> in Southampton and Gipeswic (Gippeswic) in <a href="/wiki/Ipswich" title="Ipswich">Ipswich</a> are further inland.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the eleventh century, the use of <i>-wich</i> in placenames had been extended to include areas associated with salt production. At least nine English towns and cities carry the suffix although only five of them tend to be associated with salt: <a href="/wiki/Droitwich" class="mw-redirect" title="Droitwich">Droitwich</a> in <a href="/wiki/Worcestershire" title="Worcestershire">Worcestershire</a> and the four -<i>wich</i> towns of <a href="/wiki/Middlewich" title="Middlewich">Middlewich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nantwich" title="Nantwich">Nantwich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northwich" title="Northwich">Northwich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leftwich" title="Leftwich">Leftwich</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> Our English salt supply is chiefly derived from the <a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Worcestershire" title="Worcestershire">Worcestershire</a> salt-regions, which are of <a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">triassic</a> age. Many of the places at which the salt is mined have names ending in wich, such as <a href="/wiki/Northwich" title="Northwich">Northwich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middlewich" title="Middlewich">Middlewich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nantwich" title="Nantwich">Nantwich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Droitwich" class="mw-redirect" title="Droitwich">Droitwich</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Netherwich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Netherwich (page does not exist)">Netherwich</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Weston,_Staffordshire" title="Weston, Staffordshire">Shirleywich</a>. This termination wich is itself curiously significant, as Canon Isaac Taylor has shown, of the necessary connection between salt and the sea. The earliest known way of producing salt was of course in shallow pans on the sea-shore, at the bottom of a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoal_bay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shoal bay (page does not exist)">shoal bay</a>, called in <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Norse language">Norse</a> and Early English a wick or wich; and the material so produced is still known in trade as bay-salt. By-and-by, when people came to discover the inland brine-pits and salt mines, they transferred to them the familiar name, a wich; and the places where the salt was manufactured came to be known as wych-houses. Droitwich, for example, was originally such a wich, where the droits or dues on salt were paid at the time when <a href="/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" title="William the Conqueror">William the Conqueror</a>'s commissioners drew up their great survey for <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a>. But the good, easy-going mediaeval people who gave these quaint names to the inland wiches had probably no idea that they were really and truly dried-up bays, and that the salt they mined from their pits was genuine ancient bay-salt, the deposit of an old inland sea, evaporated by slow degrees a countless number of ages since, exactly as the Dead Sea and the Great Salt Lake are getting evaporated in our own time. </p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Grant_Allen" title="Grant Allen">Grant Allen</a>, <i>Falling in Love: With Other Essays on More Exact Branches of Science</i>, 1889<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=-wich_town&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_salt#Salt_production_in_England" title="History of salt">English "-<i>wich</i> towns" and the history of salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emporium_(early_medieval)" title="Emporium (early medieval)">Emporium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wick,_Caithness" title="Wick, Caithness">Wick, Caithness</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=-wich_town&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nottshistory.org.uk/articles/potterbriscoe1884/papplewick1.htm">"Notes on Papplewick"</a>. <i>Nottinghamshire History</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-01-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nottinghamshire+History&rft.atitle=Notes+on+Papplewick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nottshistory.org.uk%2Farticles%2Fpotterbriscoe1884%2Fpapplewick1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A-wich+town" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCharles_Frederick_Lawrence1936" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Frederick_Lawrence" title="Charles Frederick Lawrence">Charles Frederick Lawrence</a> (1936). <i>The story of bygone Middlewich: In the County Palatine of Chester and Vale Royal of England</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+story+of+bygone+Middlewich%3A+In+the+County+Palatine+of+Chester+and+Vale+Royal+of+England&rft.date=1936&rft.au=Charles+Frederick+Lawrence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A-wich+town" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Simon T. Loseby, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raco.cat/index.php/MemoriasRABL/article/viewFile/23771/23605">Power and towns in Late Roman Britain and early Anglo-Saxon England</a>" in Gisela Ripoll and Josep M. Gurt, eds., <i>Sedes regiae (ann. 400-800)</i> (Barcelona, 2000), especially p. 356 ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ekwall, Eilert (1960). <i>The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names</i> (fourth ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 515–516</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.krysstal.com/wordname.html">"The origin of words and names"</a>. <i>KryssTal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-01-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KryssTal&rft.atitle=The+origin+of+words+and+names&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.krysstal.com%2Fwordname.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A-wich+town" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Hodges, <i>The Anglo-Saxon Achievement: archaeology and the beginnings of English society</i>, 1989:69–104; and, as emporia, C. Scull, "Urban centres in pre-Viking England?" in J. Hines, ed. <i>The Anglo-Saxons from the Migration Period to the Eighth Century: an ethnological perspective</i>, 1997:269-98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAllen1889" class="citation book cs1">Allen, Grant (1889). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/16807"><i>Falling in Love; With Other Essays on More Exact Branches of Science by Grant Allen</i></a>. Smith, Elder & Co<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-06-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Falling+in+Love%3B+With+Other+Essays+on+More+Exact+Branches+of+Science+by+Grant+Allen&rft.pub=Smith%2C+Elder+%26+Co.&rft.date=1889&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Grant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Febooks%2F16807&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A-wich+town" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=-wich_town&oldid=1282594886">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=-wich_town&oldid=1282594886</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_toponyms" title="Category:English toponyms">English toponyms</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_salt" title="Category:History of salt">History of salt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Place_name_element_etymologies" title="Category:Place name element etymologies">Place name element etymologies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_suffixes" title="Category:English suffixes">English suffixes</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Old_English_(ca._450-1100)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text">Articles containing Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 March 2025, at 11:20<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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