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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sifat_utama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sifat_utama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sifat utama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sifat_utama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kegunaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kegunaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kegunaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kegunaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ragam_kewujudan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ragam_kewujudan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ragam kewujudan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ragam_kewujudan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isotop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Isotop</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Isotop-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Isotop</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Isotop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Boron_susut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boron_susut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Boron susut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boron_susut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karakteristik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karakteristik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Karakteristik</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Karakteristik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Karakteristik</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Karakteristik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alotrop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alotrop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Alotrop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alotrop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sifat_kimia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sifat_kimia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Sifat kimia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sifat_kimia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Struktur_atom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Struktur_atom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>Struktur atom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Struktur_atom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sebatian_kimia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sebatian_kimia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2</span> <span>Sebatian kimia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sebatian_kimia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kimia_organoboron" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kimia_organoboron"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2.1</span> <span>Kimia organoboron</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kimia_organoboron-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sebatian_B(I)_dan_B(II)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sebatian_B(I)_dan_B(II)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2.2</span> <span>Sebatian B(I) dan B(II)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sebatian_B(I)_dan_B(II)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Langkah_pengawasan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Langkah_pengawasan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Langkah pengawasan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Langkah_pengawasan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Boron</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 166 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-166" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">166 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boor_(element)" title="Boor (element) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Boor (element)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A6%E1%88%AE%E1%8A%95" title="ቦሮን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቦሮን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="बोरॉन – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="बोरॉन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana pilihan"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="بورون – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بورون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boro" title="Boro – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Boro" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boru" title="Boru – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Boru" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%27%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A3" title="ব'ৰণ – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ব'ৰণ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boru" title="Boru – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Boru" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="बोरोन – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="बोरोन" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor" title="Bor – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bor" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بور – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بور" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron" title="Boron – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Boron" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron" title="Boron – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Boron" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8" title="বোরন – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বোরন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%AAng-s%C3%B2%CD%98" title="Phêng-sò͘ – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Phêng-sò͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (хімічны элемент) – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бор (хімічны элемент)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (элемэнт) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бор (элемэнт)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="बोरॉन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बोरॉन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron" title="Boron – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Boron" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9A%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%82" title="ཚ་ནག – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཚ་ནག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor_(element)" title="Bor (element) – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bor (element)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor" title="Bor – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bor" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (елемент) – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бор (елемент)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor" title="Bor – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bor" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boro" title="Boro – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Boro" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (элемент) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Бор (элемент)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor_(prvek)" title="Bor (prvek) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bor (prvek)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhawaraki" title="Bhawaraki – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Bhawaraki" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boru" title="Boru – Corsica" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Boru" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron" title="Boron – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Boron" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor_(grundstof)" title="Bor (grundstof) – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bor (grundstof)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بور – Arab Maghribi" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بور" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maghribi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor" title="Bor – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bor" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%84%DE%AF%DE%83%DE%AF%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ބޯރޯން – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ބޯރޯން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boor" title="Boor – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Boor" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βόριο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βόριο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron" title="Boron – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Boron" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (элемент) – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Бор (элемент)" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boro" title="Boro – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Boro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boro" title="Boro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Boro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boro" title="Boro – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Boro" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بور – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron" title="Boron – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Boron" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor_(frumevni)" title="Bor (frumevni) – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Bor (frumevni)" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bore" title="Bore – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bore" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boar_(elemint)" title="Boar (elemint) – Frisian Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Boar (elemint)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B4r" title="Bôr – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Bôr" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3r%C3%B3n" title="Bórón – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bórón" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron" title="Boron – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Boron" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B2ron" title="Bòron – Scots Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bòron" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scots Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boro" title="Boro – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Boro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼 – Cina Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="硼" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Cina Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron" title="Boron – Kikuya" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Boron" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A8" title="બોરોન – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બોરોન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%ACn" title="Phìn – Cina Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Phìn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Cina Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Борон – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Борон" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%95%EC%86%8C" title="붕소 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="붕소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron" title="Boron – Hawaii" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Boron" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%80_(%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%80)" title="Բոր (քիմիական տարր) – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բոր (քիմիական տարր)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="बोरॉन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बोरॉन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor_(element)" title="Bor (element) – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bor (element)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borono" title="Borono – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Borono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boro" title="Boro – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Boro" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (элемент) – Ossete" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Бор (элемент)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossete" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmBohlwa" title="UmBohlwa – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmBohlwa" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3r" title="Bór – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bór" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boro" title="Boro – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Boro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8_(%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%93)" title="בור (יסוד) – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בור (יסוד)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron" title="Boron – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Boron" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C9%94r%C9%A9" title="Bɔrɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Bɔrɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಬೋರಾನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬೋರಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ბორი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბორი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (элемент) – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бор (элемент)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron" title="Boron – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Boron" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (элемент) – Kirghiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бор (элемент)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirghiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (элемент) – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Бор (элемент)" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boroni" title="Boroni – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Boroni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Бор – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Бор" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor" title="Bor – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bor" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor" title="Bor – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Bor" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borium" title="Borium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Borium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bors" title="Bors – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bors" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor" title="Bor – Luxembourg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bor" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boras" title="Boras – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Boras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boro" title="Boro – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Boro" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boor" title="Boor – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Boor" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolo" title="Bolo – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Bolo" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borum" title="Borum – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Borum" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jicmrboro" title="jicmrboro – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jicmrboro" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boro" title="Boro – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Boro" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3r" title="Bór – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bór" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (елемент) – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бор (елемент)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA" title="ബോറോൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബോറോൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%ABtiwha" title="Pūtiwha – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Pūtiwha" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="बोरॉन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बोरॉन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="بورون – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بورون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯕꯣꯔꯣꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯕꯣꯔꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A8ng" title="Bèng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Bèng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Бора – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Бора" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (химийн элемент) – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бор (химийн элемент)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ဘိုရွန် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘိုရွန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xacoiztatl" title="Xacoiztatl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Xacoiztatl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boor_(element)" title="Boor (element) – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Boor (element)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="बोरोन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बोरोन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9B%E3%82%A6%E7%B4%A0" title="ホウ素 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ホウ素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boor" title="Boor – Frisian Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Boor" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor_(grunnstoff)" title="Bor (grunnstoff) – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bor (grunnstoff)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grunnstoffet_bor" title="Grunnstoffet bor – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Grunnstoffet bor" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bore" title="Bore – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Bore" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B2r" title="Bòr – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bòr" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A8" title="ବୋରନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବୋରନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booroonii" title="Booroonii – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Booroonii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor_(unsur)" title="Bor (unsur) – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bor (unsur)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਬੋਰਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੋਰਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="बोरोन – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="बोरोन" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="بورون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بورون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ဘိုရွန် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဘိုရွန်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="بورون – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بورون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buoran" title="Buoran – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Buoran" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B2r" title="Bòr – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Bòr" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor_(Element)" title="Bor (Element) – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bor (Element)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor" title="Bor – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bor" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boro" title="Boro – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Boro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor_(element)" title="Bor (element) – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bor (element)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purun" title="Purun – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Purun" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (элемент) – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бор (элемент)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="बोरान – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="बोरान" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱵᱳᱨᱚᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱳᱨᱚᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boru" title="Boru – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Boru" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron" title="Boron – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Boron" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor" title="Bor – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Bor" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bori" title="Bori – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bori" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boru" title="Boru – Sicili" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Boru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="බෝරෝන් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බෝරෝන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron" title="Boron – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Boron" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="بورون – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بورون" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="rencana baik"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3r" title="Bór – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bór" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor_(element)" title="Bor (element) – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bor (element)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booron" title="Booron – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Booron" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%86%D9%86" title="بۆرۆن – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بۆرۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (хемијски елемент) – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бор (хемијски елемент)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor_(element)" title="Bor (element) – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bor (element)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron" title="Boron – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Boron" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boori" title="Boori – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Boori" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor" title="Bor – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bor" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron" title="Boron – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Boron" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="போரான் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="போரான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (элемент) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бор (элемент)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="బోరాన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బోరాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="โบรอน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โบรอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor" title="Bor – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bor" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80)" title="Бор (унсур) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бор (унсур)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor" title="Bor – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bor" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Бор – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бор" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="بورون – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بورون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بور – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="بور" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor_(himine_element)" title="Bor (himine element) – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Bor (himine element)" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borin" title="Borin – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Borin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="硼" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boro" title="Boro – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Boro" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="硼" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A8_(%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%98)" title="באר (עלעמענט) – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="באר (עלעמענט)" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3r%E1%BB%8D%CC%80n%C3%B9" title="Bórọ̀nù – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Bórọ̀nù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="硼" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="硼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%94" title="ⴰⴱⵓⵔ – Tamazight Maghribi Standard" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⴱⵓⵔ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamazight Maghribi Standard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q618#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan:Boron" rel="discussion" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Boron"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Peralatan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Boron"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Boron" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Boron" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Laman khas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&oldid=6222576" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Boron&id=6222576&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBoron"><span>Dapatkan URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBoron"><span>Muat turun kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Boron"><span>Cipta buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Boron&action=show-download-screen"><span>Muat turun sebagai PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Boron" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q618" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><p><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Sistem_koordinat_geografi" title="Sistem koordinat geografi">Koordinat</a>: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Boron&params=35_2_34.447_N_117_40_45.412_W_type:landmark_globe:earth_region:US-CA&title=Rio+Tinto+Borax+Mine"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Peta, gambar udara, dan lain-lain data untuk lokasi ini"><span class="latitude">35°2′34.447″N</span> <span class="longitude">117°40′45.412″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Peta, gambar udara, dan lain-lain data untuk lokasi ini">35.04290194°N 117.67928111°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.04290194; -117.67928111</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Rio Tinto Borax Mine</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></span> </p> <table align="right" border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold">5</span> </td> <td align="center" style="padding-left:2em"><span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium">berilium</a></span> ← <span style="font-size:120%">boron</span> → <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size:95%">-</span><br />↑<br /><span style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold">B</span><br />↓<br /><span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a></span> </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:B-TableImage.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/B-TableImage.svg/300px-B-TableImage.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/B-TableImage.svg/450px-B-TableImage.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/B-TableImage.svg/600px-B-TableImage.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="202" /></a></span><div align="right"><a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala" title="Jadual berkala">Jadual berkala</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#cccc99; color:black">Umum </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_nama" title="Senarai unsur mengikut nama">Nama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_simbol" title="Senarai unsur mengikut simbol">Simbol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_nombor" class="mw-redirect" title="Senarai unsur mengikut nombor">Nombor</a> </td> <td>boron, B, 5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Siri_kimia" title="Siri kimia">Siri kimia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metaloid" title="Metaloid">metaloid</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_Jadual_Berkala" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumpulan Jadual Berkala">Kumpulan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kala_Jadual_Berkala" class="mw-redirect" title="Kala Jadual Berkala">Kala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blok_Jadual_Berkala" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok Jadual Berkala">Blok</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unsur_kumpulan_13&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unsur kumpulan 13 (laman tidak wujud)">13</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kala_2" title="Unsur kala 2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blok-p" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-p">p</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Warna" title="Warna">Rupa</a></td> <td>hitam/perang <br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:B,5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/B%2C5.jpg/125px-B%2C5.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/B%2C5.jpg/188px-B%2C5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/B%2C5.jpg/250px-B%2C5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="309" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jisim atom</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=1_E-26_kg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1 E-26 kg (laman tidak wujud)">10.811</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_unsur_berdasarkan_nombor_atom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai unsur berdasarkan nombor atom (laman tidak wujud)">(7)</a> g/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>Konfigurasi elektron</td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bilangan elektron per petala</td> <td>2, 3 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#cccc99; color:black">Sifat fizikal </th></tr> <tr> <td>Keadaan</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pepejal" title="Pepejal">pepejal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ketumpatan" title="Ketumpatan">Ketumpatan</a> (sekitar <a href="/wiki/Suhu_bilik" title="Suhu bilik">suhu bilik</a>)</td> <td>2.34 g/cm³ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ketumpatan cecair pada takat lebur</td> <td>2.08 g/cm³ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Takat_lebur" title="Takat lebur">Takat lebur</a></td> <td>2349 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a><br />(2076 °<a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">C</a>, 3769 °<a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">F</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Takat didih</td> <td>4200 K <p>(3927 °C, 7101 °F) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Haba pelakuran</td> <td>50.2 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>Haba pengewapan</td> <td>480 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>Muatan haba</td> <td>(25 °C) 11.087 J/(mol·K) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table width="100%" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Tekanan_wap" title="Tekanan wap">Tekanan wap</a> </caption> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td><i>P</i>/Pa</td> <td>1</td> <td>10</td> <td>100</td> <td>1 k</td> <td>10 k</td> <td>100 k </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>pada <i>T</i>/K</td> <td>2348</td> <td>2562</td> <td>2822</td> <td>3141</td> <td>3545</td> <td>4072 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#cccc99; color:black">Sifat atom </th></tr> <tr> <td>Struktur hablur</td> <td>rombohedral </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Keadaan_pengoksidaan" title="Keadaan pengoksidaan">Keadaan pengoksidaan</a></td> <td>3<br />(oksida <a href="/wiki/Asid" title="Asid">asid</a> lemah) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Keelektronegatifan</td> <td>2.04 (skala Pauling) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/Tenaga_pengionan" title="Tenaga pengionan">Tenaga pengionan</a> </td> <td>pertama: 800.6 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>kedua: 2427.1 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>ketiga: 3659.7 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jejari atom</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1_E-11_m" class="mw-redirect" title="1 E-11 m">85</a> pm </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jejari atom (kiraan)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1_E-11_m" class="mw-redirect" title="1 E-11 m">87</a> pm </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jejari kovalen</td> <td><a href="/wiki/1_E-11_m" class="mw-redirect" title="1 E-11 m">82</a> pm </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#cccc99; color:black">Lain-lain </th></tr> <tr> <td>Sifat kemagnetan</td> <td>tak magnetik </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rintangan elektrik</td> <td>(20 °C) 150 µΩ·m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Keberkonduktan_haba" class="mw-redirect" title="Keberkonduktan haba">Keberkonduktan haba</a></td> <td>(300 K) 27.4 W/(m·K) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pengembangan terma</td> <td>(25 °C) 5–7 µm/(m·K) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kelajuan_bunyi" title="Kelajuan bunyi">Kelajuan bunyi</a> (rod halus)</td> <td>(20 °C) 16200 <a href="/w/index.php?title=M/s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M/s (laman tidak wujud)">m/s</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Modulus_pukal" title="Modulus pukal">Modulus pukal</a></td> <td>(β form) 185 GPa </td></tr> <tr> <td>Skala kekerasan Mohs</td> <td>9.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kekerasan Vickers</td> <td>49000 MPa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nombor_CAS" class="mw-redirect" title="Nombor CAS">Nombor CAS</a></td> <td>7440-42-8 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#cccc99; color:black">Isotop </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table width="100%" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">iso</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kelimpahan_semulajadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelimpahan semulajadi">NA</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Separuh_hayat" title="Separuh hayat">separuh hayat</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cara_reputan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cara reputan (laman tidak wujud)">DM</a> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenaga_reputan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenaga reputan (laman tidak wujud)">DE</a> <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Electron_volt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electron volt (laman tidak wujud)">MeV</a>)</small> </th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasil_reputan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasil reputan (laman tidak wujud)">DP</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><sup>10</sup>B </td> <td>19.9%* </td> <td colspan="4">B <a href="/wiki/Isotop_stabil" title="Isotop stabil">stabil</a> dengan 5 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>11</sup>B </td> <td>80.1%* </td> <td colspan="4">B <a href="/wiki/Isotop_stabil" title="Isotop stabil">stabil</a> dengan 6 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6" align="center">*<small>Kandungan boron-10 boleh menjadi serendah 19.2% dan <br />setinggi 20.3% dalam sampel semulajadi. Boron-11 adalah<br />adalah baki dalam kes-kes sedemikian.</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:#cccc99; color:black"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_elements_data_references">Rujukan</a> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Boron</b> (<a href="/wiki/Tulisan_Jawi" title="Tulisan Jawi">Jawi</a>: <span dir="rtl" style="font-size:100%;">‏<span title="Melayu (bahasa makro)-language text"><span lang="ms"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5953951">.mw-parser-output .script-Adlm{font-family:"Noto Sans Adlam"}.mw-parser-output .script-Aghb{font-family:"Noto Sans Caucasian Albanian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Ahom{font-family:"Noto Serif Ahom"}.mw-parser-output .script-Arab{font-family:"Scheherazade New",Scheherazade,Lateef,LateefGR,Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh",Harmattan,"Arabic Typesetting","Traditional Arabic","Simplified Arabic","Times New Roman",Arial,"Sakkal Majalla","Microsoft 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.script-Cyrs{font-family:"Ponomar Unicode","Ponomar Unicode TT","Acathist","Triodion Unicode","Menaion Unicode","Menaion Unicode TT","Shafarik","Fedorovsk Unicode","Fedorovsk Unicode TT","Monomakh Unicode","Monomakh Unicode TT",BukyVede,"Kliment Std","RomanCyrillic Std","Monomachus","Old Standard","Old Standard TT",Dilyana,Menaion,"Menaion Medieval",Lazov,Code2000,"DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif",Code2001,"FreeSerif","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Chrysanthi Unicode","Bitstream Cyberbit","Bitstream CyberBase",Thryomanes,"Lucida Grande","FreeSans","Arial Unicode MS","Microsoft Sans Serif","Lucida Sans Unicode"}</style><span class="script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">بورون</span>‎</span></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: ms is deprecated </span>‎</span>) adalah <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kimia" title="Unsur kimia">unsur kimia</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala" title="Jadual berkala">jadual berkala</a> yang mempunyai simbol <b>B</b> dan <a href="/wiki/Nombor_atom" title="Nombor atom">nombor atom</a> 5. Ia juga unsur <a href="/wiki/Metaloid" title="Metaloid">metaloid</a>, dan ia wujud dengan banyaknya dalam bijih <a href="/wiki/Tingkal" title="Tingkal">tingkal</a> (dinamakan sekias unsur <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a> turunan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">borax</i><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: la is deprecated </span> dari nama <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">Arab</a> tingkal <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5953951"><span class="script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">بَوْرَق</span>‎ <i>bawraq</i> serapan lanjut <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Parsi" title="Bahasa Parsi">Parsi</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5953951"><span class="script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">بوره</span>‎</span>, <small>rumi: </small><span title="Parsi-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">bōra</i></span><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: fa is deprecated </span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Terdapat beberapa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alotropi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alotropi (laman tidak wujud)">alotrop</a> boron; boron amorfus ialah sejenis serbuk berwarna perang, logam boron pula berwarna hitam. Jenis boron logam adalah keras (9.3 pada skala Mohs) dan pengalir yang tak baik pada suhu bilik. Ia tidak pernah dijumpai dalam bentuk tulen dalam alam semulajadi. <a href="/wiki/Hablur" title="Hablur">Hablur</a> boron wujud dalam kebanyakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polimorf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polimorf (laman tidak wujud)">polimorf</a>. Dua jenis bentuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rombohedral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rombohedral (laman tidak wujud)">rombohedral</a>, α-boron dan β-boron masing-masing mengandungi 12 dan 106.7 atom-atom dalam sel unit rombohedral, bersama dengan boron <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetragonal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetragonal (laman tidak wujud)">tetragonal</a> beratom 50, ialah tiga jenis bentuk hablur yang paling diperincikan. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sifat_utama">Sifat utama</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Sifat utama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sifat utama"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boron ialah unsur yang kurang elektron, dan mempunyai <a href="/w/index.php?title=P-block&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P-block (laman tidak wujud)">p-orbital</a> yang kosong. Ia bersifat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Electrofilik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electrofilik (laman tidak wujud)">electrofilik</a>. Sebatian boron sering berkelakuan seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asid_Lewis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asid Lewis (laman tidak wujud)">asid Lewis</a>, iaitu sedia untuk terikat dengan bahan kaya elektron untuk memenuhi kecenderungan boron untuk mendapatkan elektron. </p><p>Ciri-ciri optik unsur ini termasuklah penghantaran cahaya <a href="/wiki/Inframerah" class="mw-redirect" title="Inframerah">inframerah</a>. Pada suhu piawai boron adalah <a href="/wiki/Pengalir_elektrik" title="Pengalir elektrik">pengalir elektrik</a> yang tidak baik tetapi pengalir yang baik pada suhu yang tinggi. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron_nitrida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boron nitrida (laman tidak wujud)">Boron nitrida</a> boleh digunakan untuk menghasilkan bahan sekeras <a href="/wiki/Berlian" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlian">berlian</a>. Nitrida juga berperanan sebagai penebat <a href="/wiki/Elektrik" title="Elektrik">elektrik</a> tetapi mengalirkan haba sama seperti <a href="/wiki/Logam" title="Logam">logam</a>. Unsur ini juga mempunyai sifat <a href="/wiki/Pelincir" title="Pelincir">pelincir</a> sama seperti <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a>. Boron juga sama sepeti <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a> denga kemampuannya untuk membentuk rangkaian molekul <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_kovalen" title="Ikatan kovalen">ikatan kovalen</a> yang stabil. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kegunaan">Kegunaan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Kegunaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kegunaan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sebatian boron yang paling penting dari segi ekonomi adalah: </p> <ul><li>Natrium tetraborat pentahidrat (<a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a><sub>2</sub>B<sub>4</sub><a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">O</a><sub>7</sub> · 5<a href="/wiki/Air_(molekul)" title="Air (molekul)">H<sub>2</sub>O</a>), yang digunakan dengan banyaknya dalam menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Kaca_gentian" title="Kaca gentian">kaca gentian</a> penebat dan <a href="/wiki/Peluntur" title="Peluntur">peluntur</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natrium_perborat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natrium perborat (laman tidak wujud)">natrium perborat</a> ,</li> <li>Asid ortoborik (<a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">H</a><sub>3</sub>B<a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">O</a><sub>3</sub>) atau <a href="/wiki/Asid_borik" title="Asid borik">asid borik</a>, digunakan dalam penghasilan tekstil <a href="/wiki/Kaca_gentian" title="Kaca gentian">kaca gentian</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paparan_panel_rata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paparan panel rata (laman tidak wujud)">paparan panel rata</a> atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cecair_mata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cecair mata (laman tidak wujud)">cecair mata</a>, antara lain-lain kegunaan, dan</li> <li>Natrium tetraborat dekahidrat (<a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a><sub>2</sub>B<sub>4</sub><a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">O</a><sub>7</sub> · 10<a href="/wiki/Air_(molekul)" title="Air (molekul)">H<sub>2</sub>O</a>) atau <a href="/wiki/Boraks" class="mw-redirect" title="Boraks">boraks</a>, digunakan dalam penghasilan pelekat, dalam sistem antikakisan dan lain-lain kegunaan.</li></ul> <p>Di bawah ialah sebahagian daripada beratus-ratus kegunaan sebatian boron: </p> <ul><li>Boron ialah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikronutrien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikronutrien (laman tidak wujud)">mikronutrien</a> penting, memainkan peranan penting dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembajaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembajaan (laman tidak wujud)">pembajaan</a> tumbuhan dan pembinaan struktur <a href="/wiki/Dinding_sel" title="Dinding sel">dinding sel</a>, dan sering digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Pertanian" title="Pertanian">pertanian</a>.</li> <li>Oleh kerana ciri istimewa nyalaan hijaunya, boron amorfus digunakan dalam kilauan <a href="/wiki/Piroteknik" title="Piroteknik">piroteknik</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asid_borik" title="Asid borik">Asid borik</a> ialah sebatian penting dalam produk <a href="/wiki/Tekstil" title="Tekstil">tekstil</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asid_borik" title="Asid borik">Asid borik</a> sebelum ini digunakan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Racun_serangga" title="Racun serangga">racun serangga</a>, terutamanya menentang <a href="/wiki/Semut" title="Semut">semut</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Lipas" title="Lipas">lipas</a>.</li> <li>Sebatian boron digunakan secara meluas dalam sintesis organik dan pembuatan kaca <a href="/w/index.php?title=Borosilikat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borosilikat (laman tidak wujud)">borosilikat</a> dan kaca <a href="/w/index.php?title=Borofosfosilikat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borofosfosilikat (laman tidak wujud)">borofosfosilikat</a>.</li> <li>Lain-lain sebatiannya digunakan sebagai pengawet <a href="/wiki/Kayu" title="Kayu">kayu</a>, dan selalunya adalah agak menarik dalam segi ini kerana ia mempunyai <a href="/wiki/Ketoksikan" title="Ketoksikan">ketoksikan</a> yang rendah.</li> <li>Boron-10 juga digunakan untuk membantu dalam pengawalan <a href="/wiki/Reaktor_nuklear" title="Reaktor nuklear">reaktor nuklear</a>, sejenis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelindungan_radiasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelindungan radiasi (laman tidak wujud)">pelindung</a> daripada <a href="/wiki/Reputan_radioaktif" title="Reputan radioaktif">sinaran</a> dan dalam pengesanan <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a>.</li> <li>Boron-11 yang ditulenkan (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron_susut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boron susut (laman tidak wujud)">Boron susut</a>) digunakan dalam pembuatan <a href="/wiki/Kaca_borosilikat" title="Kaca borosilikat">kaca borosilikat</a> dalam bidang elektronik <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengerasan_sinaran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengerasan sinaran (laman tidak wujud)">pengerasan sinaran</a>.</li> <li>Kajian sedang dilakukan dalam memperolehi kuasa lakuran melalui tindakbalas antara hidrogen dan boron. Kebaikan yang mungkin boleh didapati termasuklah reaktor yang secara relatifnya lebih kecil dan tidak rumit dan memungkinkan keselamatan lebih terjamin.</li> <li>Filamen boron adalah bahan berkekuatan tinggi dan ringan, yang biasanya digunakan dalam struktur <a href="/wiki/Aeroangkasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeroangkasa">aeroangkasa</a> maju sebagai komponen <a href="/wiki/Bahan_komposit" title="Bahan komposit">bahan komposit</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natrium_borohidrida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natrium borohidrida (laman tidak wujud)">Natrium borohidrida</a> (NaBH<sub>4</sub>) ialah <a href="/wiki/Redoks" class="mw-redirect" title="Redoks">agen penurun</a> kimia yang popular, digunakan (contohnya) untuk menurunkan <a href="/wiki/Aldehid" title="Aldehid">aldehid</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Keton" title="Keton">keton</a> menjadi <a href="/wiki/Alkohol" title="Alkohol">alkohol</a>.</li> <li>Boron pada kandungan surih digunakan sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendopan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendopan (laman tidak wujud)">pendopan</a> untuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semikonduktor_jenis_P&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semikonduktor jenis P (laman tidak wujud)">semikonduktor jenis P</a>.</li></ul> <p>Sebatian boron sedang dikaji untuk penggunaan yang lebih meluas, termasuklah komponen dalam membran telap gula, pengesan <a href="/wiki/Karbohidrat" title="Karbohidrat">karbohidrat</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biokonjugat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biokonjugat (laman tidak wujud)">biokonjugat</a>. Penggunaan dalam bidang perubatan sedang diteroka seperi dalam terapi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tawanan_neutron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tawanan neutron (laman tidak wujud)">tawanan neutron</a> boron dan penghantaran <a href="/wiki/Drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug">drug</a>. Sebatian boron lain sedan dikaji dan dijumpai mempunyai kemungkinan cerah dalam perawatan penyakit <a href="/wiki/Artritis" class="mw-redirect" title="Artritis">artritis</a>. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borane (laman tidak wujud)">Hidrida boron</a> mudah <a href="/wiki/Pengoksidaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengoksidaan">teroksida</a> dan menjanakan <a href="/wiki/Tenaga" title="Tenaga">tenaga</a> yang banyak. Ia kini dikaji dalam pembuatan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahan_api_roket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahan api roket (laman tidak wujud)">bahan api roket</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sebatian boron (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">Bahasa Arab</a> <i>Buraq</i> daripada <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Parsi" title="Bahasa Parsi">Bahasa Parsi</a> <i>Burah</i>) telah diketahui semenjak berkurun-kurun lamanya. Pada zaman Mesir awal, <a href="/wiki/Pengawetan_mayat" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengawetan mayat">pengawetan mayat</a> bergantung kepada sejenis bijih yang dipanggil <a href="/wiki/Natron" title="Natron">natron</a>, yang mengandungi borat dan juga lain-lain kandungan garam. Licauan tingkal pernah digunakan di <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> sejak 300 AD, dan sebatian boron digunakan dalam pembuatan kaca pada zaman Rom lama. </p><p>Unsur ini tidak pernah diasingkan sehinggalah pada <a href="/wiki/1808" title="1808">1808</a> oleh Sir <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Louis_Gay-Lussac" title="Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac">Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Jacques_Th%C3%A9nard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Jacques Thénard (laman tidak wujud)">Louis Jacques Thénard</a>, sehingga mencapai ketulenan sebanyak 50 peratus. Para saintis ini tidak menganggap bahan ini sebagai unsur. Hanyalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B6ns_Jakob_Berzelius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius (laman tidak wujud)">Jöns Jakob Berzelius</a> pada 1824 yang telah mengenal pasti boron sebagai sejenis unsur. Boron tulen pertama dihasilkan oleh ahli kimia W. Weintraub dalam tahun 1909. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ragam_kewujudan">Ragam kewujudan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Ragam kewujudan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Ragam kewujudan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Borax_crystals.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Borax_crystals.jpg/100px-Borax_crystals.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Borax_crystals.jpg/150px-Borax_crystals.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Borax_crystals.jpg/200px-Borax_crystals.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Borax crystals</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Amerika_Syarikat" title="Amerika Syarikat">Amerika Syarikat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a> ialah pengeluar boron terbesar di dunia. Boron tidak wujud dalam bentuk aslinya dalam alam semulajadi, tetapi dijumpai dalam bentuk campuran dalam <a href="/wiki/Boraks" class="mw-redirect" title="Boraks">boraks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asid_borik" title="Asid borik">asid borik</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Colemanit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colemanit (laman tidak wujud)">colemanit</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kernit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kernit (laman tidak wujud)">kernit</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uleksit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uleksit (laman tidak wujud)">uleksit</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Borat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borat (laman tidak wujud)">borat</a>. Asid borik kadang kala dijumpai dalm mata air <a href="/wiki/Gunung_berapi" title="Gunung berapi">gunung berapi</a>. Ulexite ialah garam galian borat yang secara semulajadinya mempunyai sifat seperti <a href="/wiki/Gentian_optik" title="Gentian optik">gentian optik</a>. </p><p>Sunber penting dari segi ekonomi adalah daripada bijih rasorite (kernite) dan tincal (bijih boraks) yang dijumpai di <a href="/wiki/Gurun_Mojave" title="Gurun Mojave">Gurun Mojave</a> di <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> iaitu boraks ialah sumber yang paling penting. <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a> adalah tempat lain yang mempunyai longgokan boraks yang meluas. </p><p>Boron tulen dalam bentuk unsur tidak mudah untuk disediakan. Cara terawal adalah melalui penggunaan tindak balas penurunan antara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Borik_oksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borik oksida (laman tidak wujud)">borik oksida</a> dengan logam seperti <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>. Akan tetapi hasil ini seringkali dicemari dengan logam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Borida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borida (laman tidak wujud)">borida</a>. (Tindak balas tersebut agak menakjubkan). Boron tulen boleh disediakan dengan menurunkan Halogenida boron yang mudah meruap dengan <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a> pada suhu tinggi. </p><p>Dalam tahun 1997 <a href="/wiki/Hablur" title="Hablur">hablur</a> boron (99% tulen) bernilai sebanyak <a href="/wiki/Dolar_Amerika" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolar Amerika">US$</a>5 per <a href="/wiki/Gram" title="Gram">gram</a> dan boron <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amorfus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amorfus (laman tidak wujud)">amorfus</a> bernilai sebanyak US$2 per gram. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isotop">Isotop</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Isotop" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Isotop"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boron mempunyai dua <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">isotop</a> yang stabil dan terhasil secara semulajadi, <sup>11</sup>B (80.1%) dan <sup>10</sup>B (19.9%). Perbezaan jisim menyebabkan julat nilai δB-11 yang besar dalam air semulajadi, daripada -16 hingga kepada +59. Terdapat 13 jenis isotop boron yang diketahui, isotop dengan jangka hayat terpendek ialah <sup>7</sup>B yang mereput melalui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancaran_proton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pancaran proton (laman tidak wujud)">pancaran proton</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Reputan_alfa" class="mw-redirect" title="Reputan alfa">reputan alfa</a>. Ia mempunyai <a href="/wiki/Separuh_hayat" title="Separuh hayat">separuh hayat</a> 3.26500x10<sup>-22</sup> <a href="/wiki/Saat" title="Saat">s</a>. Pemeringkatan isotop boron dikawal melalui tindak balas penukargantian spesis boron B(<a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">O</a><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">H</a>)<sub>3</sub> dan B(OH)<sub>4</sub>. Pemeringkatan isotop boron juga berlaku dalam penghabluran garam galian, semasa fasa H<sub>2</sub>O berubah dalam sistem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrotermal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidrotermal (laman tidak wujud)">hidrotermal</a>, dan semasa perubahan hidroterma <a href="/wiki/Batuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Batuan">batuan</a>. Perubahan hidroterma memberi kesan kepada kecenderungan pengeluaran spesis <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ion</a> <sup>10</sup>B(OH)<sub>4</sub> ke dalam tanah liat lalu mengakibatkan kandungan larutan yang kaya dengan <sup>11</sup>B(OH)<sub>3</sub>, mungkin juga penyebab kepada pengayaan <sup>11</sup>B dalam air laut berbanding dengan teras dasar <a href="/wiki/Lautan" title="Lautan">lautan</a> dan teras <a href="/wiki/Benua" title="Benua">benua</a>; perbezaan ini boleh bertindak sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengenalan_isotop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengenalan isotop (laman tidak wujud)">pengenalan isotop</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boron_susut">Boron susut</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Boron susut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Boron susut"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Isotop boron-10 berkesan dalam penawanan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutron_terma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neutron terma (laman tidak wujud)">neutron terma</a> daripada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinaran_kosmik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinaran kosmik (laman tidak wujud)">sinaran kosmik</a> atau dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=PWR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PWR (laman tidak wujud)">PWR</a> (Reaktor Air bertekanan, -<i>P</i>ressurized <i>W</i>ater <i>R</i>eactor- sejenis reaktor janakuasa nuklear). Ia kemudiannya menjalani <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembelahan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembelahan (laman tidak wujud)">pembelahan</a> - menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Sinar_gama" title="Sinar gama">sinar gama</a>, satu <a href="/wiki/Zarah_alfa" title="Zarah alfa">zarah alfa</a>, dan ion <a href="/wiki/Litium" title="Litium">litium</a>. Apabila ini berlaku dalam sebuah <a href="/wiki/Litar_bersepadu" title="Litar bersepadu">litar bersepadu</a>, hasil pembelahan mungkin akan membuang cas ke struktur cip berdekatan, menyebabkan kehilangan data (singkapan bit (<i>bit flipping</i>), atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peristiwa_keterbalikan_tunggal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peristiwa keterbalikan tunggal (laman tidak wujud)">peristiwa keterbalikan tunggal</a> <i>(single event upset)</i>). Dalam rekaan <a href="/wiki/Semikonduktor" class="mw-redirect" title="Semikonduktor">semikonduktor</a> kritikal, <b>boron susut</b> - yang terdiri daripada hampir semuanya boron-11 - digunakan, untuk mengelakkan kesan ini, sebagai salah satu langkah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengerasan_sinaran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengerasan sinaran (laman tidak wujud)">pengerasan sinaran</a>. Boron-11 ialah hasil sampingan dalam <a href="/wiki/Tenaga_nuklear" title="Tenaga nuklear">industri nuklear</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Karakteristik">Karakteristik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bahagian: Karakteristik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Karakteristik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alotrop">Alotrop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bahagian: Alotrop" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Alotrop"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5614044">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alotrop_boron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alotrop boron (laman tidak wujud)">Alotrop boron</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Bor_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Bor_1.jpg/220px-Bor_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Bor_1.jpg/330px-Bor_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Bor_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="334" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Ketulan boron </figcaption></figure> <p>Boron mempunyai kerana kemampuan <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_kovalen" title="Ikatan kovalen">mengikat ganda</a> molekul stabil seperti <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a>, bahkan boron yang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amorf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amorf (laman tidak wujud)">tidak teratur</a> mengandung boron <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikosahedron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikosahedron (laman tidak wujud)">ikosahedra</a> biasa yang terikat secara acak satu sama lain tanpa urutan jarak jauh.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hablur boron sangat keras dengan titik lebur melebihi 2000 °C. Ia membentuk empat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alotropi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alotropi (laman tidak wujud)">alotrop</a> utama: α-rombohedron dan β-rombohedron (α-R dan β-R), γ-ortorombik (γ), dan β-tetragon (β-T). Keempat-empat fasa ini stabil pada <a href="/wiki/Suhu_dan_tekanan_piawai" title="Suhu dan tekanan piawai">suhu dan tekanan piawai</a> terutamanya β-rombohedron. Fasa α-tetragon (α-T) juga wujud tetapi sangat sukar dihasilkan dari mula secara tulen tanpa pencemaran persekitaran yang signifikan. Sebagian besar fasa tersebut didasarkan pada ikosahedra B<sub>12</sub>, tetapi fasa γ dapat digambarkan sebagai susunan tipe <a href="/wiki/Natrium_klorida" title="Natrium klorida">garam batu</a> dari pasangan atom ikosahedra dan B<sub>2</sub>.<sup id="cite_ref-oganov_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oganov-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ia dapat diproduksi dengan mengompresi fasa boron lainnya hingga 12–20 GPa dan memanaskannya hingga suhu 1500–1800 °C; ia tetap stabil setelah melepaskan suhu dan tekanan. Fasa β-T dihasilkan pada tekanan yang sama, tetapi pada suhu yang lebih tinggi, yaitu 1800–2200 °C. Fasa α-T dan β-T mungkin kowujud berdampingan pada kondisi sekitar, dengan fasa β-T menjadi yang lebih stabil.<sup id="cite_ref-oganov_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oganov-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-widom_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-widom-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mengompresi boron di atas 160 GPa akan menghasilkan fasa boron dengan struktur yang belum diketahui, dan fasa ini merupakan sebuah <a href="/wiki/Keberaliran_lampau" title="Keberaliran lampau">adipengalir</a> pada suhu di bawah 6–12 K.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Borosferena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borosferena (laman tidak wujud)">Borosferena</a> (molekul B<sub>40</sub> yang berbentuk seperti <a href="/wiki/Fulerena" title="Fulerena">fulerena</a>) dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Borofena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borofena (laman tidak wujud)">borofena</a> (struktur yang berbentuk seperti <a href="/wiki/Grafena" title="Grafena">grafena</a> yang diusulkan) telah dijelaskan pada tahun 2014. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Fasa boron </th> <th>α-R </th> <th>β-R </th> <th>γ </th> <th>β-T </th></tr> <tr> <th>Simetri </th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rombohedron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rombohedron (laman tidak wujud)">Rombohedron</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rombohedron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rombohedron (laman tidak wujud)">Rombohedron</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistem_kristal_ortorombus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistem kristal ortorombus (laman tidak wujud)">Ortorombik</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistem_kristal_tetragon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistem kristal tetragon (laman tidak wujud)">Tetragon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Sel atom/unit<sup id="cite_ref-oganov_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oganov-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>12 </td> <td>~105 </td> <td>28 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jisim jenis (g/cm<sup>3</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-wentorf_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wentorf-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-talley_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-talley-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>2,46 </td> <td>2,35 </td> <td>2,52 </td> <td>2,36 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uji_kekerasan_Vickers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uji kekerasan Vickers (laman tidak wujud)">Kekerasan Vickers</a> (GPa)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-prl_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prl-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>42 </td> <td>45 </td> <td>50–58 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Modulus mampatan (GPa)<sup id="cite_ref-prl_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prl-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>185 </td> <td>224 </td> <td>227 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sela_pita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sela pita (laman tidak wujud)">Sela pita</a> (eV)<sup id="cite_ref-prl_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prl-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>2 </td> <td>1,6 </td> <td>2,1 </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sifat_kimia">Sifat kimia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bahagian: Sifat kimia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sifat kimia"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat juga: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Senyawa_boron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Senyawa boron (laman tidak wujud)">Kategori:Senyawa boron</a></div><p>Boron elemental jarang dan kurang dipelajari kerana bahan murninya sangat sulit untuk disiapkan. Sebagian besar studi mengenai "boron" melibatkan sampel yang mengandung sejumlah kecil karbon. Perilaku kimia boron lebih <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_diagonal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan diagonal (laman tidak wujud)">menyerupai</a> <a href="/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon">silikon</a> daripada <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>. Boron kristal secara kimiawi lengai dan tahan terhadap serangan dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asid_fluorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asid fluorida (laman tidak wujud)">asid fluorida</a> atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_klorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam klorida (laman tidak wujud)">klorida</a> yang mendidih. Ketika dibahagi halus, ia diserang secara perlahan oleh <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen_peroksida" title="Hidrogen peroksida">hidrogen peroksida</a> pekat panas, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asid_nitrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asid nitrat (laman tidak wujud)">asid nitrat</a> pekat panas, asid sulfat panas, atau campuran panas asid sulfat dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_kromat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam kromat (laman tidak wujud)">kromat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Laubengayer_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laubengayer-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tahap kelajuan pengoksidaan boron tergantung pada kepenghabluran, ukuran zarah, tahap ketulenan unsur asal dan suhu. Boron tidak bertindak balas dengan udara pada suhu bilik, tetapi pada suhu yang lebih tinggi ia akan terbakar dan membentuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron_trioksida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boron trioksida (laman tidak wujud)">boron trioksida</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>4 B + 3 O<sub>2</sub> → 2 B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Tetraborate-xtal-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Tetraborate-xtal-3D-balls.png/220px-Tetraborate-xtal-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Tetraborate-xtal-3D-balls.png/330px-Tetraborate-xtal-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Tetraborate-xtal-3D-balls.png/440px-Tetraborate-xtal-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1048" data-file-height="1199" /></a><figcaption>Model bola dan tongkat anion tetraborat, [B<sub>4</sub>O<sub>5</sub>(OH)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2−</sup>, seperti yang terjadi pada kristal boraks, Na<sub>2</sub>[B<sub>4</sub>O<sub>5</sub>(OH)<sub>4</sub>]·8H<sub>2</sub>O. Atom boron berwarna merah muda, dengan oksigen penghubung berwarna merah, dan empat hidrogen hidroksil berwarna putih. Perhatikan dua boron merupakan sp<sup>2</sup> yang terikat secara trigonal tanpa muatan formal, sedangkan dua boron lainnya merupakan sp<sup>3</sup> yang terikat secara tetrahedral, masing-masing membawa muatan formal −1. Nombor pengoksidaan semua boron adalah III. Campuran bilangan koordinasi boron dan muatan formal ini merupakan karakteristik mineral boron alam.</figcaption></figure> <p>Boron mengsemulajadi halogenasi untuk menghasilkan trihalida; misalnya, </p> <dl><dd>2 B + 3 Br<sub>2</sub> → 2 BBr<sub>3</sub></dd></dl> <p>Triklorida dalam praktek biasanya terbuat dari oksida.<sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Struktur_atom">Struktur atom</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bahagian: Struktur atom" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Struktur atom"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boron merupakan unsur paling ringan yang memiliki elektron dalam <a href="/wiki/Orbital_atom" title="Orbital atom">orbital-p</a> dalam keadaan dasarnya. Namun, tidak seperti kebanyakan <a href="/wiki/Blok-p" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-p">unsur-p</a> lainnya, ia jarang mematuhi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaedah_oktet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaedah oktet (laman tidak wujud)">kaedah oktet</a> dan biasanya hanya menempatkan enam elektron<sup id="cite_ref-Key_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Key-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (dalam tiga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbital_molekul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbital molekul (laman tidak wujud)">orbital molekul</a>) pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektron_valensi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektron valensi (laman tidak wujud)">kulit valensinya</a>. Boron merupakan purbarupa <a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_boron" title="Kumpulan boron">kumpulan boron</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_jadual_berkala" title="Kumpulan jadual berkala">kumpulan IUPAC</a> 13), meskipun anggota lain dari golongan ini merupakan logam dan unsur-p yang lebih khas (hanya aluminium yang sampai batas tertentu berbagi keengganan boron terhadap kaidah oktet). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sebatian_kimia">Sebatian kimia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bahagian: Sebatian kimia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sebatian kimia"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Boron-trifluoride-pi-bonding-2D.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Boron-trifluoride-pi-bonding-2D.png/220px-Boron-trifluoride-pi-bonding-2D.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Boron-trifluoride-pi-bonding-2D.png/330px-Boron-trifluoride-pi-bonding-2D.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Boron-trifluoride-pi-bonding-2D.png/440px-Boron-trifluoride-pi-bonding-2D.png 2x" data-file-width="893" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>Struktur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron_trifluorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boron trifluorida (laman tidak wujud)">boron (III) trifluorida</a>, menunjukkan orbital boron p yang "kosong" dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikatan_kovalen_koordinasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikatan kovalen koordinasi (laman tidak wujud)">ikatan kovalen koordinasi</a> tipe pi</figcaption></figure> <p>Dalam sebatian yang paling dikenal, boron memiliki bilangan pengoksidaan formal III. Mereka termasuk oksida, sulfida, nitrida, dan halida.<sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Trihalida membentuk struktur trigonal planar. Sebatian ini merupakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_dan_basa_Lewis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam dan basa Lewis (laman tidak wujud)">asid Lewis</a> yang siap membentuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aduk_(kimia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aduk (kimia) (laman tidak wujud)">aduk</a> dengan donor pasangan elektron, yang disebut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_dan_basa_Lewis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam dan basa Lewis (laman tidak wujud)">basa Lewis</a>. Misalnya, fluorida (F<sup>−</sup>) dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron_trifluorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boron trifluorida (laman tidak wujud)">boron trifluorida</a> (BF<sub>3</sub>) digabungkan untuk menghasilkan anion <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrafluoroborat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetrafluoroborat (laman tidak wujud)">tetrafluoroborat</a>, BF<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>. Boron trifluorida digunakan dalam industri petrokimia sebagai katalis. Halida ini bertindak balas dengan air dan membentuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_borat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam borat (laman tidak wujud)">asid borat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ia ditemukan di alam di Bumi hampir seluruhnya sebagai berbagai oksida B(III), sering dikaitkan dengan unsur-unsur lain. Lebih dari seratus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_borat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mineral borat (laman tidak wujud)">mineral borat</a> mengandung boron dalam bilangan pengoksidaan +3. Mineral ini menyerupai silikat dalam beberapa hal, meskipun sering ditemukan tidak hanya dalam koordinasi tetrahedral dengan oksigen, tetapi juga dalam konfigurasi trigonal planar. Tidak seperti silikat, mineral boron tidak pernah mengandungnya dengan bilangan koordinasi lebih besar dari empat. Motif khas telah dicontohkan oleh anion tetraborat dari mineral umum <a href="/wiki/Boraks" class="mw-redirect" title="Boraks">boraks</a>, yang ditunjukkan di sebelah kiri. Muatan negatif formal dari pusat borat tetrahedral diseimbangkan oleh kation logam dalam mineral, seperti natrium (Na<sup>+</sup>) dalam boraks.<sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Golongan turmalin borat-silikat juga merupakan golongan mineral pembawa boron yang sangat penting, dan sejumlah borosilikat juga diketahui wujud secara semulajadi.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/wiki/Borana" title="Borana">Borana</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Deltahedral-borane-cluster-array-numbered-3D-bs-17.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Deltahedral-borane-cluster-array-numbered-3D-bs-17.png/220px-Deltahedral-borane-cluster-array-numbered-3D-bs-17.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="503" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Deltahedral-borane-cluster-array-numbered-3D-bs-17.png/330px-Deltahedral-borane-cluster-array-numbered-3D-bs-17.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Deltahedral-borane-cluster-array-numbered-3D-bs-17.png/440px-Deltahedral-borane-cluster-array-numbered-3D-bs-17.png 2x" data-file-width="3478" data-file-height="7958" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_bola_dan_tongkat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Model bola dan tongkat (laman tidak wujud)">Model bola dan tongkat</a> menunjukkan struktur kerangka boron dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gugus_atom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gugus atom (laman tidak wujud)">gugus</a> <a href="/wiki/Borana" title="Borana">borana</a>. Struktur ini dapat dirasionalisasikan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teori_pasangan_elektron_rangka_polihedral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teori pasangan elektron rangka polihedral (laman tidak wujud)">teori pasangan elektron rangka polihedral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Borana merupakan sebatian kimia boron dan hidrogen, dengan rumus umum B<sub>x</sub>H<sub>y</sub>. Sebatian-sebatian ini tidak wujud semulajadi. Banyak borana mudah teroksida saat terdedah kepada udara, beberapa dengan keras. BH<sub>3</sub> yang merupakan anggota induk disebut borana, tetapi ia hanya diketahui dalam bentuk gas, dan dimerisasi untuk membentuk diborana, B<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>. Borana yang lebih besar semuanya terdiri dari gugus boron yang polihedral, beberapa di antaranya wujud sebagai isomer. Misalnya, isomer B<sub>20</sub>H<sub>26</sub> didasarkan pada fusi dua gugus 10 atom. </p><p>Borana yang paling penting adalah diborana B<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> dan dua produk pirolisisnya, pentaborana B<sub>5</sub>H<sub>9</sub> dan dekaborana B<sub>10</sub>H<sub>14</sub>. Sejumlah besar boron hidrida anionik telah diketahui, misalnya [B<sub>12</sub>H<sub>12</sub>]<sup>2−</sup>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nombor_pengoksidaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nombor pengoksidaan">Nombor pengoksidaan</a> formal dalam boran adalah positif, dan didasarkan pada asumsi bahwa hidrogen dihitung sebagai −1 seperti pada hidrida logam aktif. Nombor pengoksidaan rata-rata untuk boron kemudian hanyalah nsibah hidrogen terhadap boron dalam molekul. Sebagai contoh, dalam diborana B<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>, bilangan pengoksidaan boron adalah +3, tetapi dalam dekaborana B<sub>10</sub>H<sub>14</sub>, biloksnya <sup>7</sup>/<sub>5</sub> atau +1,4. Dalam sebatian ini bilangan pengoksidaan boron seringkali bukan bilangan bulat. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron_nitrida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boron nitrida (laman tidak wujud)">Boron nitrida</a></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron_nitrida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boron nitrida (laman tidak wujud)">Boron nitrida</a> terkenal kerana berbagai struktur yang mereka adopsi. Mereka menunjukkan struktur analog dengan berbagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alotrop_karbon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alotrop karbon (laman tidak wujud)">alotrop karbon</a>, termasuk grafit, intan, dan tabung nano. Dalam struktur seperti intan, yang disebut boron nitrida kubik (nama dagang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Borazon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borazon (laman tidak wujud)">Borazon</a>), atom boron ada dalam struktur tetrahedral atom karbon dalam intan, tetapi satu dari setiap empat ikatan B-N dapat dilihat sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikatan_kovalen_koordinasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikatan kovalen koordinasi (laman tidak wujud)">ikatan kovalen koordinasi</a>, di mana dua elektron disumbangkan oleh atom nitrogen yang bertindak sebagai bes Lewis pada ikatan ke pusat asid Lewis boron(III). Boron nitrida kubik, di antara aplikasi lain, digunakan sebagai bahan pengesat, kerana memiliki kekerasan yang sebanding dengan intan (kedua zat tersebut mampu menghasilkan goresan satu sama lain). Dalam sebatian BN analog grafit, boron nitrida heksagonal (h-BN), atom boron <a href="/wiki/Cas_elektrik" title="Cas elektrik">bercas</a> positif dan nitrogen bercas negatif di setiap bidang terletak berdekatan dengan atom bermuatan berlawanan di bidang berikutnya. Akibatnya, grafit dan h-BN memiliki sifat yang sangat berbeda, meskipun keduanya adalah pelumas, kerana bidang-bidang ini mudah tergelincir satu sama lain. Namun, h-BN merupakan pengalir elektrik dan suhu yang relatif lemah dalam arah planar.<sup id="cite_ref-dkg_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dkg-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-b1_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Kimia_organoboron">Kimia organoboron</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bahagian: Kimia organoboron" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kimia organoboron"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5614044"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_organoboron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia organoboron (laman tidak wujud)">Kimia organoboron</a></div> <p>Sejumlah besar sebatian organoboron telah diketahui dan banyak dari mereka yang berguna dalam <a href="/wiki/Sintesis_organik" title="Sintesis organik">sintesis organik</a>. Banyak yang dihasilkan dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reaksi_hidroborasi%E2%80%93oksidasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reaksi hidroborasi–oksidasi (laman tidak wujud)">hidroborasi</a>, yang menggunakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diborana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diborana (laman tidak wujud)">diborana</a>, B<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>, sebuah bahan kimia simple <a href="/wiki/Borana" title="Borana">borana</a> sederhana. Organoboron(III) biasanya berbentuk tetrahedral atau trigonal planar, misalnya, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrafenilborat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetrafenilborat (laman tidak wujud)">tetrafenilborat</a>, [B(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>−</sup> vs. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trifenilborana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trifenilborana (laman tidak wujud)">trifenilborana</a>, B(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub>. Namun, beberapa atom boron yang bertindak balas satu sama lain memiliki kecenderungan untuk membentuk struktur dodekahedral (12-sisi) dan ikosahedral (20-sisi) baru yang tersusun sepenuhnya dari atom boron, atau dengan jumlah heteroatom karbon yang bervariasi. </p><p>Kimia organoboron telah digunakan dalam penggunaan yang beragam, seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron_karbida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boron karbida (laman tidak wujud)">boron karbida</a> (lihat di bawah), sebuah keramik kompleks yang sangat keras yang terdiri dari anion dan kation gugus boron-karbon, hingga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karborana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karborana (laman tidak wujud)">karborana</a>, sebatian kimia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gugus_atom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gugus atom (laman tidak wujud)">gugus</a> karbon-boron yang dapat dihalogenasi untuk membentuk struktur reaktif termasuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asam_karborana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asam karborana (laman tidak wujud)">asid karborana</a>, sebuah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Superasam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superasam (laman tidak wujud)">superasid</a>. Sebagai salah satu contoh, karborana membentuk bagian molekul yang berguna yang menambahkan sejumlah besar boron ke biokimia lain untuk menyintesis sebatian yang mengandung boron compounds untuk digunakan dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terapi_penangkapan_neutron_boron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terapi penangkapan neutron boron (laman tidak wujud)">terapi penangkapan neutron boron</a> untuk pengobatan kanker. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Sebatian_B(I)_dan_B(II)"><span id="Sebatian_B.28I.29_dan_B.28II.29"></span>Sebatian B(I) dan B(II)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bahagian: Sebatian B(I) dan B(II)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sebatian B(I) dan B(II)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Seperti yang dijangkakan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diborana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diborana (laman tidak wujud)">gugus hidridanya</a>, boron membentuk berbagai sebatian stabil dengan bilangan pengoksidaan formal kurang dari tiga. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diboron_tetrafluorida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diboron tetrafluorida (laman tidak wujud)">B<sub>2</sub>F<sub>4</sub></a> dan B<sub>4</sub>Cl<sub>4</sub> telah dikarakterisasi dengan baik.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Magnesium-diboride-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Magnesium-diboride-3D-balls.png/220px-Magnesium-diboride-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Magnesium-diboride-3D-balls.png/330px-Magnesium-diboride-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Magnesium-diboride-3D-balls.png/440px-Magnesium-diboride-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="793" /></a><figcaption>Model bola dan tongkat dari superkonduktor magnesium diborida. Atom boron terletak pada lapisan seperti grafit aromatik heksagonal, dengan muatan −1 pada setiap atom boron. Ion magnesium(II) terletak di antara lapisan</figcaption></figure> <p>Sebatian boron logam duaan, borida logam, mengandung boron dalam bilangan pengoksidaan negatif. Rajah sebelah molekul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnesium_diborida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnesium diborida (laman tidak wujud)">magnesium diborida</a> (MgB<sub>2</sub>) tediri dari susunan atom boron yang memiliki cas formal −1 dan atom magnesium diberi cas formal +2. Dalam bahan ini, pusat boron adalah trigonal planar dengan ikatan rangkap tambahan untuk setiap boron, membentuk lembaran yang mirip dengan karbon dalam <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a>. Namun, tidak seperti boron nitrida heksagonal, yang kekurangan elektron pada petala atom kovalen, elektron terserak dalam magnesium diborida memungkinkannya mutu pengaliran arus elektrik yang mirip dengan grafit isoelektronik. Pada tahun 2001, bahan ini ditemukan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Keberaliran_lampau" title="Keberaliran lampau">adipengalir</a> suhu tinggi.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ia merupakan sebuah superkonduktor dalam pengembangan aktif. Sebuah proyek di <a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a> untuk membuat kabel MgB<sub>2</sub> telah menghasilkan kabel uji superkonduktor yang mampu membawa 20,000 <a href="/wiki/Ampere" title="Ampere">ampere</a> untuk tujuan penyebaran arus yang sangat tinggi, seperti versi kependaran tinggi yang dimaksudkan dari <a href="/wiki/Pelanggar_Hadron_Besar" title="Pelanggar Hadron Besar">Pelanggar Hadron Besar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Borida logam tertentu lainnya memiliki aplikasi khusus sebagai bahan utama keras yang sesuai menukang bilah alat pemotong.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seringkali boron dalam borida memiliki bilangan pengoksidaan pecahan, seperti −1/3 dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalsium_heksaborida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalsium heksaborida (laman tidak wujud)">kalsium heksaborida</a> (CaB<sub>6</sub>). </p><p>Dari perspektif struktural, sebatian kimia boron yang paling khas adalah hidrida. Yang termasuk ke dalam deret ini adalah sebatian gugus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dodekaborat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dodekaborat (laman tidak wujud)">dodekaborat</a> (<span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">B<sub>12</sub>H<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2−</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">12</sub></span></span>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dekaborana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dekaborana (laman tidak wujud)">dekaborana</a> (B<sub>10</sub>H<sub>14</sub>), dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karborana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karborana (laman tidak wujud)">karborana</a> seperti C<sub>2</sub>B<sub>10</sub>H<sub>12</sub>. Secara karakteristik, sebatian tersebut mengandung boron dengan bilangan koordinasi lebih besar dari empat.<sup id="cite_ref-HollemanAF_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Langkah_pengawasan">Langkah pengawasan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bahagian: Langkah pengawasan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Langkah pengawasan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unsur boron dan borat tidak beracun dan oleh sebab itu tidak memerlukan pengawasan istimewa semasa pengendalian. Sesetengah jenis sebatian yang agak jarang ditemui seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boran (laman tidak wujud)">boron hidrogen</a>, pula <i>adalah</i> toksik dan juga sangat mudah terbakar dan dengan itu memerlukan pengendalian khusus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bahagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekurangan_zat_Boron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekurangan zat Boron (laman tidak wujud)">Kekurangan zat Boron</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lihat: <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFde_Menten_de_Horne2013" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">de Menten de Horne, Pierre (2013). 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Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">14 Aug</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mindat.org&rft.atitle=Mindat.org+-+Mines%2C+Minerals+and+More&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindat.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABoron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWelch2013" class="citation journal cs1">Welch, Alan J. (2013). "The significance and impact of Wade's rules". <i>Chem. 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Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">15 Aug</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cfi%2FBer.+DKG&rft.atitle=Hexagonal+Boron+Nitride+%28hBN%29+%E2%80%93+Applications+from+Metallurgy+to+Cosmetics&rft.volume=84&rft.pages=D25&rft.date=2007&rft.issn=0173-9913&rft.au=Engler%2C+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esk.com%2Fuploads%2Ftx_userjspresseveroeff%2FPR_0712_CFI_12-2007_Hexagonales-BN_e_01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABoron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-b1-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-b1_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFGreim,_JochenSchwetz,_Karl_A.2005" class="citation book cs1">Greim, Jochen & Schwetz, Karl A. (2005). 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(2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cmp.physics.iastate.edu/canfield/pub/pt0303.pdf">"Magnesium Diboride: Better Late than Never"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Physics Today</i>. <b>56</b> (3): 34–40. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003PhT....56c..34C">2003PhT....56c..34C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1570770">10.1063/1.1570770</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120226233637/http://cmp.physics.iastate.edu/canfield/pub/pt0303.pdf">Diarkibkan</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> daripada yang asal pada 26 Februari 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">15 Aug</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+Today&rft.atitle=Magnesium+Diboride%3A+Better+Late+than+Never&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=34-40&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.1570770&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003PhT....56c..34C&rft.aulast=Canfield&rft.aufirst=Paul+C.&rft.au=Crabtree%2C+George+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcmp.physics.iastate.edu%2Fcanfield%2Fpub%2Fpt0303.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABoron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cds.cern.ch/journal/CERNBulletin/2014/16/News+Articles/1693853">"Category "News+Articles" not found - CERN Document Server"</a>. <i>cds.cern.ch</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220220075257/http://cds.cern.ch/journal/CERNBulletin/2014/16/News+Articles/1693853">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 20 Februari 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">15 Aug</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cds.cern.ch&rft.atitle=Category+%22News%2BArticles%22+not+found+-+CERN+Document+Server&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcds.cern.ch%2Fjournal%2FCERNBulletin%2F2014%2F16%2FNews%2BArticles%2F1693853&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABoron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCardarelli,_François2008" class="citation book cs1">Cardarelli, François (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PvU-qbQJq7IC&pg=PA638">"Titanium Diboride"</a>. <i>Materials handbook: A concise desktop reference</i>. m/s. 638–639. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-84628-668-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-84628-668-1"><bdi>978-1-84628-668-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170108051112/https://books.google.com/books?id=PvU-qbQJq7IC&pg=PA638">Diarkibkan</a> daripada yang asal pada 8 Januari 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">15 Aug</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Titanium+Diboride&rft.btitle=Materials+handbook%3A+A+concise+desktop+reference&rft.pages=638-639&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-84628-668-1&rft.au=Cardarelli%2C+Fran%C3%A7ois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPvU-qbQJq7IC%26pg%3DPA638&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABoron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div><p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/5.html">Los Alamos National Laboratory – Boron</a> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utama" class="extiw" title="commons:Laman Utama">Wikimedia Commons</a> mempunyai media berkaitan: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Boron" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Boron">Boron</a></b></i>.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.du.edu/~jcalvert/phys/boron.htm">Boron</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.compchemwiki.org/index.php?title=Boron">Computational Chemistry Wiki</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081009214537/http://www.compchemwiki.org/index.php?title=Boron">Diarkibkan</a> 2008-10-09 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc204.htm">Environmental Health Criteria 204: Boron (1998)</a> by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Programme_on_Chemical_Safety&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Programme on Chemical Safety (laman tidak wujud)">IPCS</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele005.html">It's Elemental – Boron</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npi.gov.au/database/substance-info/profiles/15.html">National Pollutant Inventory - Boron and compounds</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/B/index.html">WebElements.com – Boron</a></li></ul> <table class="navbox collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="32"><div style="float:left; text-align:left; width:6em;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style=""><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Jadual_berkala_padat" title="Templat:Jadual berkala padat"><span title="Lihat templat ini" style="">p</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan_templat:Jadual_berkala_padat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbincangan templat:Jadual berkala padat (laman tidak wujud)"><span title="Bincang templat ini" style="">b</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Jadual_berkala_padat&action=edit"><span title="Sunting templat ini" style="">s</span></a></li></ul></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><span style="padding-left: 1em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala" title="Jadual berkala">Jadual berkala</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">H</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" colspan="30">  </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Litium" title="Litium">Li</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24">  </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">B</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">C</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">O</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Fluorin" title="Fluorin">F</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24">  </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon">Si</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Fosforus" title="Fosforus">P</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfur">S</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin">Cl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">K</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium">Sc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Ti</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium">Cr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">Fe</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">Co</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">Ni</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">Cu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Zink" class="mw-redirect" title="Zink">Zn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Galium" title="Galium">Ga</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Arsenik" title="Arsenik">As</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Se</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin">Br</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a> </td> <td colspan="14">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Itrium" title="Itrium">Y</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Zirkonium" title="Zirkonium">Zr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Nb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Molibdenum" title="Molibdenum">Mo</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Teknetium" title="Teknetium">Tc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium">Ru</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Rodium" title="Rodium">Rh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Paladium" title="Paladium">Pd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Ag</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Timah" title="Timah">Sn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Antimoni" title="Antimoni">Sb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Telurium" title="Telurium">Te</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Iodin" title="Iodin">I</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Sesium" title="Sesium">Cs</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Lantanum" title="Lantanum">La</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Serium" title="Serium">Ce</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Praseodimium" title="Praseodimium">Pr</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Neodimium" title="Neodimium">Nd</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Prometium" title="Prometium">Pm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Disprosium" title="Disprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium">Tm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Iterbium" title="Iterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffbfff"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lu</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Ta</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">W</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Renium" title="Renium">Re</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">Pt</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">Au</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Raksa" title="Raksa">Hg</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Talium" title="Talium">Tl</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Plumbum" title="Plumbum">Pb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">Bi</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Astatin" title="Astatin">At</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Fransium" title="Fransium">Fr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Aktinium" title="Aktinium">Ac</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Torium" title="Torium">Th</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Protaktinium" title="Protaktinium">Pa</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">U</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Amerisium" title="Amerisium">Am</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Kurium" title="Kurium">Cm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Kalifornium" title="Kalifornium">Cf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc"><a href="/wiki/Lawrensium" title="Lawrensium">Lr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Ruterfordium" title="Ruterfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Hasium" title="Hasium">Hs</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0f0"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0f0"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0f0"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Kopernisium" title="Kopernisium">Cn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0f0"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0f0"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0f0"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0f0"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0f0"><a href="/wiki/Tennessin" title="Tennessin">Ts</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0f0"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="32"> <table border="1" align="center" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; border-collapse:collapse; font-size: smaller; width:100%" rules="all" cellpadding="1"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#ff6666" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">Logam alkali</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffdead" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_bumi" title="Logam alkali bumi">Logam alkali bumi</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffbfff" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Lantanid" title="Lantanid">Lantanid</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ff99cc" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Aktinid" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktinid">Aktinid</a> </td> <td 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