CINXE.COM
Development of Collimation Simulations for the FCC-ee - CERN Document Server
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <!--[if IEMobile 7]><html class="iem7" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="it" xml:lang="it" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"><![endif]--> <!--[if lte IE 6]><html class="ie6 ie6-7 ie6-8" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="it" xml:lang="it" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"><![endif]--> <!--[if (IE 7)&(!IEMobile)]><html class="ie7 ie6-7 ie6-8" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="it" xml:lang="it" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"><![endif]--> <!--[if IE 8]><html class="ie8 ie6-8" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="it" xml:lang="it" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"><![endif]--> <!--[if (gte IE 9)|(gt IEMobile 7)]><!--><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="it" xml:lang="it" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"><!--<![endif]--> <head> <title>Development of Collimation Simulations for the FCC-ee - CERN Document Server</title> <link href='https://framework.web.cern.ch/framework/2.0/fonts/PTSansWeb/PTSansWeb.css' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://cds.cern.ch/img/invenio.css?v=20141127" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_theme/css/cern_theme.css?v=20141127" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet"href="/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_toolbar/css/toolbar.css" type="text/css" /> <!--[if lt IE 8]> <link href="http://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_toolbar/css/toolbar-ie.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <![endif]--> <!--[if lt IE 8]> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://cds.cern.ch/img/invenio-ie7.css" /> <![endif]--> <!--[if gt IE 8]> <style type="text/css">div.restrictedflag {filter:none;}</style> <![endif]--> <link rel="canonical" href="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2845884" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="el" href="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2845884?ln=el" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2845884?ln=fr" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="bg" href="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2845884?ln=bg" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-TW" href="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2845884?ln=zh_TW" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pt" href="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2845884?ln=pt" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="no" href="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2845884?ln=no" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="hr" href="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2845884?ln=hr" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ca" href="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2845884?ln=ca" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2845884?ln=de" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="it" href="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2845884?ln=it" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2845884?ln=zh_CN" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sv" href="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2845884?ln=sv" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="sk" href="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2845884?ln=sk" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2845884?ln=en" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="pl" href="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2845884?ln=pl" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ru" href="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2845884?ln=ru" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ka" href="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2845884?ln=ka" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" href="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2845884?ln=ja" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2845884?ln=es" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="CERN Document Server RSS" href="/rss?ln=it" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="http://cds.cern.ch/opensearchdescription" title="CERN Document Server" /> <link rel="unapi-server" type="application/xml" title="unAPI" href="http://cds.cern.ch/unapi" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="it" /> <meta name="description" content="A collimation system is under study for the FCC-ee to protect the machine from the multi-MJ electron and positron beams and limit the backgrounds to the detectors. One of the key aspects of the collimation system design is the setup of simulation studies combining particle tracking and scattering in the collimators. The tracking must include effects important for electron beam single-particle dynamics in the FCC-ee, such as synchrotron radiation. For collimation, an aperture model and particle-matter interactions for electrons are required. There are currently no established simulation frameworks that include all the required features. The latest developments of an integrated framework for multi-turn collimation studies in the FCC-ee are presented. The framework is based on an interface between tracking codes, pyAT and Xtrack, and a particle-matter interaction code, BDSIM, based on Geant4. Promising alternative simulation codes and frameworks are also discussed. The challenges are outlined, and the first results are presented, including preliminary loss maps for the FCC-ee. Abramov, Andrey; Bruce, Roderik; Carlier, Felix; Hofer, Michael; Iadarola, Giovanni; Nevay, Laurence; Pieloni, Tatiana; Rakic, Milica; Redaelli, Stefano; White, Simon" /> <meta name="keywords" content="collimation, simulation, radiation, framework, coupling" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://cds.cern.ch/js/jquery.min.js"></script> <!-- WebNews CSS library --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://cds.cern.ch/img/webnews.css" type="text/css" /> <!-- WebNews JS library --> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://cds.cern.ch/js/webnews.js?v=20131009"></script> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="137353533001720"/> <script type="text/x-mathjax-config"> MathJax.Hub.Config({ tex2jax: {inlineMath: [['$','$']], processEscapes: true}, showProcessingMessages: false, messageStyle: "none" }); </script> <script src="/MathJax/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS_CHTML" type="text/javascript"> </script> <!-- GoogleScholar --> <meta content="Development of Collimation Simulations for the FCC-ee" name="citation_title" /> <meta content="Abramov, Andrey" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Carlier, Felix" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Nevay, Laurence" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Pieloni, Tatiana" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="White, Simon" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Bruce, Roderik" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Redaelli, Stefano" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Iadarola, Giovanni" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Rakic, Milica" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="Hofer, Michael" name="citation_author" /> <meta content="10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST016" name="citation_doi" /> <meta content="JACoW IPAC" name="citation_journal_title" /> <meta content="2022" name="citation_volume" /> <meta content="1718-1721" name="citation_firstpage" /> <meta content="2022" name="citation_publication_date" /> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2023/01/11"> <meta content="10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST016" name="citation_doi" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2845884/files/document.pdf" /> <!-- OpenGraph --> <meta content="Development of Collimation Simulations for the FCC-ee" property="og:title" /> <meta content="website" property="og:type" /> <meta content="website" property="og:type" /> <meta content="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2845884" property="og:url" /> <meta content="CERN Document Server" property="og:site_name" /> <meta content="A collimation system is under study for the FCC-ee to protect the machine from the multi-MJ electron and positron beams and limit the backgrounds to the detectors. One of the key aspects of the collimation system design is the setup of simulation studies combining particle tracking and scattering in the collimators. The tracking must include effects important for electron beam single-particle dynamics in the FCC-ee, such as synchrotron radiation. For collimation, an aperture model and particle-matter interactions for electrons are required. There are currently no established simulation frameworks that include all the required features. The latest developments of an integrated framework for multi-turn collimation studies in the FCC-ee are presented. The framework is based on an interface between tracking codes, pyAT and Xtrack, and a particle-matter interaction code, BDSIM, based on Geant4. Promising alternative simulation codes and frameworks are also discussed. The challenges are outlined, and the first results are presented, including preliminary loss maps for the FCC-ee." property="og:description" /> <meta content="JACoW" property="og:description" /> <!-- Twitter Card --> <meta content="summary" name="twitter:card" /> <meta content="summary" name="twitter:card" /> <style></style> </head> <body class="CERN32Document32Server search" lang="it"> <!-- toolbar starts --> <div id="cern-toolbar"> <h1><a href="http://cern.ch" title="CERN">CERN <span>Accelerating science</span></a></h1> <ul> <li class="cern-accountlinks"><a class="cern-account" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/login?ln=it&referer=http%3A//cds.cern.ch/record/2845884%3Fln%3Dit" title="Sign in to your CERN account">Sign in</a></li> <li><a class="cern-directory" href="http://cern.ch/directory" title="Search CERN resources and browse the directory">Directory</a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- toolbar ends --> <!-- Nav header starts--> <div role="banner" class="clearfix" id="header"> <div class="header-inner inner"> <hgroup class="clearfix"> <h2 id="site-name"> <a rel="home" title="Home" href="/"><span>CERN Document Server</span></a> </h2> <h3 id="site-slogan">Access articles, reports and multimedia content in HEP</h3> </hgroup><!-- /#name-and-slogan --> <div role="navigation" id="main-navigation" class="cdsmenu"> <h2 class="element-invisible">Main menu</h2><ul class="links inline clearfix"> <li class="menu-386 first active-trail"><a class="active-trail" href="http://cds.cern.ch/?ln=it">Cerca</a></li> <li class="menu-444 "><a class="" title="" href="http://cds.cern.ch/submit?ln=it">Sottometti</a></li> <li class="menu-426 "><a class="" href="http://cds.cern.ch/help/?ln=it">Aiuto</a></li> <li class="leaf hassubcdsmenu"> <a hreflang="en" class="header" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/display?ln=it">Personalizza</a> <ul class="subsubcdsmenu"><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/youralerts/list?ln=it">I tuoi avvisi</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/yourbaskets/display?ln=it">I tuoi cestini</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/yourcomments?ln=it">Your comments</a></li><li><a href="https://cds.cern.ch/youralerts/display?ln=it">Le tue ricerche</a></li></ul></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Nav header ends--> <table class="navtrailbox"> <tr> <td class="navtrailboxbody"> <a href="/?ln=it" class="navtrail">Pagina principale</a> > Development of Collimation Simulations for the FCC-ee </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div class="pagebody"><div class="pagebodystripemiddle"> <div class="detailedrecordbox"> <div class="detailedrecordtabs"> <div> <ul class="detailedrecordtabs"><li class="on first"><a href="/record/2845884/?ln=it">Informazioni </a></li><li class=""><a href="/record/2845884/files?ln=it">File </a></li></ul> <div id="tabsSpacer" style="clear:both;height:0px"> </div></div> </div> <div class="detailedrecordboxcontent"> <div class="top-left-folded"></div> <div class="top-right-folded"></div> <div class="inside"> <!--<div style="height:0.1em;"> </div> <p class="notopgap"> </p>--> <abbr class="unapi-id" title="2845884"></abbr> <style type="text/css"> <!-- ul.detailedrecordtabs li.on a{background-color:#4D94CC;color:#fff !important;border-bottom:1px solid #4D94CC!important;} div.detailedrecordboxcontent {padding-top:0px !important;} --> </style> <table class="formatRecordTableFullWidth" > <tr> <td class="formatRecordHeader" style="background-image: url('http://cds.cern.ch/img/journals.jpg');" colspan="2"> <!--YTD: record may have more than one 690C.a tag--> Article </td> </tr> <script type="text/javascript"> $( document ).ready(function() { $('.showAuthor').on('click', function() { var author = '<p>' + $(this).data('name') + '</p>'; var affiliation = $(this).data('affiliation') + '</br>'; var contribution = $(this).data('contribution') + '</br>'; $.magnificPopup.open({ items: { src: '<div id="ovelary-mathjax" class="overlay-white oc-content overlay-white-500">' + author + affiliation + contribution + '</div>', type: 'inline' }, callbacks: { open: function() { var div = document.getElementById("overlay-mathjax") MathJax.Hub.Queue(["Typeset", MathJax.Hub, div]); }, } }) }) }); </script> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Title </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><b>Development of Collimation Simulations for the FCC-ee</b></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> Author(s) </span> </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="http://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Abramov%2C%20Andrey&ln=it">Abramov, Andrey</a> (CERN) ; <a href="http://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Bruce%2C%20Roderik&ln=it">Bruce, Roderik</a> (CERN) ; <a href="http://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Carlier%2C%20Felix&ln=it">Carlier, Felix</a> (Ecole Polytechnique, Lausanne) ; <a href="http://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Hofer%2C%20Michael&ln=it">Hofer, Michael</a> (CERN) ; <a href="http://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Iadarola%2C%20Giovanni&ln=it">Iadarola, Giovanni</a> (CERN) ; <a href="http://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Nevay%2C%20Laurence&ln=it">Nevay, Laurence</a> (JAI, UK) ; <a href="http://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Pieloni%2C%20Tatiana&ln=it">Pieloni, Tatiana</a> (Ecole Polytechnique, Lausanne) ; <a href="http://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Rakic%2C%20Milica&ln=it">Rakic, Milica</a> (Ecole Polytechnique, Lausanne) ; <a href="http://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=Redaelli%2C%20Stefano&ln=it">Redaelli, Stefano</a> (CERN) ; <a href="http://cds.cern.ch/search?f=author&p=White%2C%20Simon&ln=it">White, Simon</a> (ESRF, Grenoble)</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Publication </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">2022</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Number of pages </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">4</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> In: </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST016"><i>JACoW IPAC</i> 2022 (2022) 1718-1721</a> </a></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> In: </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="http://cds.cern.ch/record/2806400">13th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC 2022)</a>, Bangkok, Thailand, 12 - 17 Jun 2022, pp.1718-1721</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> DOI </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST016" title="DOI" target="_blank">10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2022-WEPOST016</a> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Subject category </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">Accelerators and Storage Rings</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Accelerator/Facility, Experiment </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="http://cds.cern.ch/search?p=CERN%20FCC&f=693__a">CERN FCC</a></td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Abstract </td><td style="padding-left:5px;">A collimation system is under study for the FCC-ee to protect the machine from the multi-MJ electron and positron beams and limit the backgrounds to the detectors. One of the key aspects of the collimation system design is the setup of simulation studies combining particle tracking and scattering in the collimators. The tracking must include effects important for electron beam single-particle dynamics in the FCC-ee, such as synchrotron radiation. For collimation, an aperture model and particle-matter interactions for electrons are required. There are currently no established simulation frameworks that include all the required features. The latest developments of an integrated framework for multi-turn collimation studies in the FCC-ee are presented. The framework is based on an interface between tracking codes, pyAT and Xtrack, and a particle-matter interaction code, BDSIM, based on Geant4. Promising alternative simulation codes and frameworks are also discussed. The challenges are outlined, and the first results are presented, including preliminary loss maps for the FCC-ee.</td></tr> <tr><td class="formatRecordLabel"> Copyright/License </td><td style="padding-left:5px;"><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">CC-BY-3.0</a></td></tr> </table> <br/>Corresponding record in: <a href="http://inspirehep.net/record/2137163">Inspire</a> <small> </small> <br/> <br/><br/><div align="right"><div style="padding-bottom:2px;padding-top:30px;"><span class="moreinfo" style="margin-right:10px;"> <a href="" class="moreinfo">Back to search</a> </span></div></div> <div class="bottom-left-folded"><div class="recordlastmodifiedbox" style="position:relative;margin-left:1px"> Record creato 2023-01-11, modificato l'ultima volta il 2023-01-11</div></div> <div class="bottom-right-folded" style="text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px;"> <span class="moreinfo" style="margin-right:10px;"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> <br/> <br /> <div class="detailedrecordminipanel"> <div class="top-left"></div><div class="top-right"></div> <div class="inside"> <div id="detailedrecordminipanelfile" style="width:33%;float:left;text-align:center;margin-top:0"> <div><small class="detailedRecordActions">Testo completo:</small> <br /><a href="/record/2845884/files/document.pdf"><img style="border:none" src="/img/file-icon-text-34x48.gif" alt="Scarica documento" /><br />PDF</a><br /></div> </div> <div id="detailedrecordminipanelreview" style="width:30%;float:left;text-align:center"> </div> <div id="detailedrecordminipanelactions" style="width:36%;float:right;text-align:right;"> <ul class="detailedrecordactions"> <li><a href="/yourbaskets/add?ln=it&recid=2845884">Aggiungi ad un cestino personale</a></li> <li>Esporta come <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2845884/export/hx?ln=it">BibTeX</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2845884/export/hm?ln=it">MARC</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2845884/export/xm?ln=it">MARCXML</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2845884/export/xd?ln=it">DC</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2845884/export/xe?ln=it">EndNote</a>, <!-- <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2845884/export/xe8x?ln=it">EndNote (8-X)</a>,--> <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2845884/export/xn?ln=it">NLM</a>, <a style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal" href="/record/2845884/export/xw?ln=it">RefWorks</a> </li> </ul> <div style='padding-left: 13px;'> <!-- JQuery Bookmark Button BEGIN --> <div id="bookmark"></div> <div id="bookmark_sciencewise"></div> <style type="text/css"> #bookmark_sciencewise, #bookmark {float: left;} #bookmark_sciencewise li {padding: 2px; width: 25px;} #bookmark_sciencewise ul, #bookmark ul {list-style-image: none;} </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jquery.bookmark.min.js"></script> <style type="text/css">@import "/css/jquery.bookmark.css";</style> <script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ $.bookmark.addSite('sciencewise', 'ScienceWise.info', 'http://cds.cern.ch/img/sciencewise.png', 'en', 'bookmark', 'http://sciencewise.info/bookmarks/cds:2845884/add'); $('#bookmark_sciencewise').bookmark({sites: ['sciencewise']}); $('#bookmark').bookmark({ sites: ['facebook', 'twitter', 'linkedin', 'google_plusone'], icons: '/img/bookmarks.png', url: 'http://cds.cern.ch/record/2845884', addEmail: true, title: "Development of Collimation Simulations for the FCC-ee", description: "A collimation system is under study for the FCC-ee to protect the machine from the multi-MJ electron and positron beams and limit the backgrounds to the detectors. One of the key aspects of the collimation system design is the setup of simulation studies combining particle tracking and scattering in the collimators. The tracking must include effects important for electron beam single-particle dynamics in the FCC-ee, such as synchrotron radiation. For collimation, an aperture model and particle-matter interactions for electrons are required. There are currently no established simulation frameworks that include all the required features. The latest developments of an integrated framework for multi-turn collimation studies in the FCC-ee are presented. The framework is based on an interface between tracking codes, pyAT and Xtrack, and a particle-matter interaction code, BDSIM, based on Geant4. Promising alternative simulation codes and frameworks are also discussed. The challenges are outlined, and the first results are presented, including preliminary loss maps for the FCC-ee." }); // ]]> </script> <!-- JQuery Bookmark Button END --> </div> </div> <div style="clear:both;margin-bottom: 0;"></div> </div> <div class="bottom-left"></div><div class="bottom-right"></div> </div> </div></div> <footer id="footer" class="pagefooter clearfix"> <!-- replaced page footer --> <div class="pagefooterstripeleft"> CERN Document Server :: <a class="footer" href="http://cds.cern.ch/?ln=it">Cerca</a> :: <a class="footer" href="http://cds.cern.ch/submit?ln=it">Sottometti</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cds.cern.ch/youraccount/display?ln=it">Personalizza</a> :: <a class="footer" href="http://cds.cern.ch/help/?ln=it">Aiuto</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=privacy_policy&se=CDS-Service" target="_blank">Privacy Notice</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://repository.cern/content-policy" target="_blank">Content Policy</a> :: <a class="footer" href="https://repository.cern/terms" target="_blank">Terms and Conditions</a> <br /> Fornita da <a class="footer" href="http://invenio-software.org/">Invenio</a> <br /> Mantenuto da <a class="footer" href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=service_element&name=CDS-Service">CDS Service</a> - Need help? Contact <a href="https://cern.service-now.com/service-portal?id=service_element&name=CDS-Service">CDS Support</a>. <br /> </div> <div class="pagefooterstriperight"> <div class="cern-logo"> <a id="logo" href="http://cern.ch" title="CERN" rel="CERN" ><img src="http://cds.cern.ch/img/cern_theme/img/cern-logo-large.png" alt="CERN" /></a> </div> <div class="cern-languagebox"> Questo sito è disponibile anche nelle lingue seguenti:<br /><a href="/record/2845884?ln=bg" class="langinfo">Български</a> <a href="/record/2845884?ln=ca" class="langinfo">Català</a> <a href="/record/2845884?ln=de" class="langinfo">Deutsch</a> <a href="/record/2845884?ln=el" class="langinfo">Ελληνικά</a> <a href="/record/2845884?ln=en" class="langinfo">English</a> <a href="/record/2845884?ln=es" class="langinfo">Español</a> <a href="/record/2845884?ln=fr" class="langinfo">Français</a> <a href="/record/2845884?ln=hr" class="langinfo">Hrvatski</a> <span class="langinfo">Italiano</span> <a href="/record/2845884?ln=ja" class="langinfo">日本語</a> <a href="/record/2845884?ln=ka" class="langinfo">ქართული</a> <a href="/record/2845884?ln=no" class="langinfo">Norsk/Bokmål</a> <a href="/record/2845884?ln=pl" class="langinfo">Polski</a> <a href="/record/2845884?ln=pt" class="langinfo">Português</a> <a href="/record/2845884?ln=ru" class="langinfo">Русский</a> <a href="/record/2845884?ln=sk" class="langinfo">Slovensky</a> <a href="/record/2845884?ln=sv" class="langinfo">Svenska</a> <a href="/record/2845884?ln=zh_CN" class="langinfo">中文(简)</a> <a href="/record/2845884?ln=zh_TW" class="langinfo">中文(繁)</a> </div> </div> <!-- replaced page footer --> </footer> <script type="text/javascript"> var SyndeticsBookCovers = (function() { var SMALL_SIZE = "sc.gif", MEDIUM_SIZE = "mc.gif", RAW_URL = "https://secure.syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=THEISBN/THESIZE&client=cernlibrary"; replaceCover = function(imgElement, isbns, hdFormat) { var img = new Image(), size = hdFormat ? MEDIUM_SIZE : SMALL_SIZE; var _isbns = isbns.sort(function(a, b) { // sort from shortest to longest ISBN (more modern) return a.length > b.length ? 1 : -1; }); function next() { var isbn = _isbns.pop(); if (isbn) { var url = RAW_URL.replace("THEISBN", isbn).replace("THESIZE", size); img.src = url; } } function done() { imgElement.src = img.src; } img.onload = function() { if (this.width > 1) { done(); } else { next(); } }; next(); }; return { replaceCover: replaceCover }; })(); $(document).ready(function() { // get book covers $("img.book-cover").each(function() { var $this = $(this), strIsbns = $this.data("isbns") || "", isbnsArray = String(strIsbns).split(","), hdFormat = $this.hasClass("hd"); SyndeticsBookCovers.replaceCover(this, isbnsArray, hdFormat); }); // WebNews tooltips $.ajax({ url: "/news/tooltips", success: function(data) { create_tooltips(data); }, dataType: "json", cache: false }); }); </script> <!-- Feedback script --> <script src="//cds.cern.ch/js/feedback.js"></script> <!-- Feedback script --> <!-- Matomo --> <script> var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="https://webanalytics.web.cern.ch/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '756']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.async=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script> <!-- End Matomo Code --> </body> </html>