CINXE.COM
Special reports - BBC News
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-GB" id="responsive-news"> <head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#"><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special_reports","20190821014004","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1566351604"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" /> <!-- End Wayback Rewrite JS Include --> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=1"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <title>Special reports - BBC News</title> <meta name="description" content="BBC special reports: - Get the latest background, news, features, reaction, Q & A, analysis and in-depth coverage, including interactive reports and infographics from BBC News correspondents and experts."> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://static.bbc.co.uk/news/1.287.03360/stylesheets/services/news/compact.css" media="(max-width: 599px)"> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://static.bbc.co.uk/news/1.287.03360/stylesheets/services/news/tablet.css" media="(min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1007px)"> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://static.bbc.co.uk/news/1.287.03360/stylesheets/services/news/wide.css" media="(min-width: 1008px)"> <script> window.orb_fig_blocking = true; </script> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://fig.bbc.co.uk/frameworks/fig/2/fig.js?callback=orb.orb_fig"> <link href="//web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://static.bbci.co.uk/" rel="preconnect" crossorigin> <link href="//web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://static.bbc.co.uk/" rel="preconnect" crossorigin> <link href="//web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/" rel="preconnect" crossorigin> <link href="//web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/" rel="preconnect" crossorigin> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://ssl.bbc.co.uk/"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://sa.bbc.co.uk/"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://edigitalsurvey.com/"> <meta name="x-country" content="us"> <meta name="x-audience" content="Domestic"> <meta name="CPS_AUDIENCE" content="Domestic"> <meta name="CPS_CHANGEQUEUEID" content="143371253"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special_reports"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-gb" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special_reports"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.com/news/special_reports"> <meta property="og:title" content="Special reports - BBC News"/> <meta property="og:type" content="website"/> <meta property="og:description" content="BBC special reports: - Get the latest background, news, features, reaction, Q & A, analysis and in-depth coverage, including interactive reports and infographics from BBC News correspondents and experts."/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="BBC News"/> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_GB"/> <meta property="article:author" content="https://www.facebook.com/bbcnews"/> <meta property="article:section" content="Special reports"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.com/news/special_reports"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004im_/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/2015/newsspec_10857/bbc_news_logo.png?cb=1"/> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="BBC News"/> <meta property="fb:pages" content="1143803202301544,317278538359186,1392506827668140,742734325867560,185246968166196,156060587793370,137920769558355,193435954068976,21263239760,156400551056385,929399697073756,154344434967,228735667216,80758950658,260212261199,294662213128,1086451581439054,283348121682053,295830058648,239931389545417,304314573046,310719525611571,647687225371774,1159932557403143,286567251709437,1731770190373618,125309456546,163571453661989,285361880228,512423982152360,238003846549831,176663550714,260967092113,118450564909230,100978706649892,15286229625,122103087870579,120655094632228,102814153147070,124715648647,153132638110668,150467675018739"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@BBCNews"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Special reports - BBC News"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="BBC special reports: - Get the latest background, news, features, reaction, Q & A, analysis and in-depth coverage, including interactive reports and infographics from BBC News correspondents and experts."> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@BBCNews"> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/2015/newsspec_10857/bbc_news_logo.png?cb=1"> <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="BBC News"/> <meta name="twitter:domain" content="www.bbc.co.uk"> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190821014004\/http:\/\/schema.org","@type":"WebPage","url":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190821014004\/https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/special_reports","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","name":"BBC News","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190821014004\/https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/special\/2015\/newsspec_10857\/bbc_news_logo.png?cb=1"}},"description":"BBC special reports: - Get the latest background, news, features, reaction, Q & A, analysis and in-depth coverage, including interactive reports and infographics from BBC News correspondents and experts.","name":"Special reports - BBC News"} </script> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190821014004\/http:\/\/schema.org","@type":"ItemList","url":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190821014004\/https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/special_reports","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"url":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190821014004\/https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/special_reports"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"url":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190821014004\/https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/special_reports"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"url":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190821014004\/https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/special_reports"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"url":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190821014004\/https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/special_reports"}]} </script> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="BBC News"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="57x57" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004im_/https://static.bbc.co.uk/news/1.287.03360/apple-touch-icon-57x57-precomposed.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004im_/https://static.bbc.co.uk/news/1.287.03360/apple-touch-icon-72x72-precomposed.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004im_/https://static.bbc.co.uk/news/1.287.03360/apple-touch-icon-114x114-precomposed.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004im_/https://static.bbc.co.uk/news/1.287.03360/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004im_/https://static.bbc.co.uk/news/1.287.03360/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" href="https://static.bbc.co.uk/news/1.287.03360/web-app-launch-icon.png"> <meta name="application-name" content="BBC News"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="BBC News"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#bb1919"> <meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"> <meta http-equiv="cleartype" content="on"> <meta name="robots" content="NOODP,NOYDIR"/> <meta name="theme-color" content="#bb1919"> <script type="text/javascript">var _sf_startpt=(new Date()).getTime()</script> <script> (function() { if (navigator.userAgent.match(/IEMobile\/10\.0/)) { var msViewportStyle = document.createElement("style"); msViewportStyle.appendChild( document.createTextNode("@-ms-viewport{width:auto!important}") ); document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(msViewportStyle); } })(); </script> <script>window.fig = window.fig || {}; window.fig.async = true;</script> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1609039196070050"/> <script type="text/javascript">window.bbcredirection={geo:true}</script><!-- Nav Env: live --> <!-- Analytics Web Module: 0.0.1-329.9c7ecd5 --> <!-- NavID Web Module: 0.2.0-75.de8f099 --> <!-- Detectview Web Module: 0.0.1-329.9c7ecd5 --> <!-- Searchbox Web Module: 3.0.0-4.9a69f1b --> <!-- Promo Web Module: 3.0.0-13.dc6b5c1 --> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta property="fb:admins" content="100004154058350"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004cs_/https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/orbit/3.0.0-652.2de69620/css/orb-ltr.min.css"><!--[if (lt IE 9) & (!IEMobile)]> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/orbit/3.0.0-652.2de69620/css/orb-ie-ltr.min.css"> <![endif]--><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ window.orb = { lang: 'en', bbcBaseUrl: 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk', bbcUrlPrefix: 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.', staticHost: 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/orbit/3.0.0-652.2de69620', figUrl: 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://fig.bbc.co.uk/frameworks/fig/2/fig.js', partialCookieOvenUrl: 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://cookie-oven.api.bbc' }; document.documentElement.className += (document.documentElement.className? ' ' : '') + 'orb-js'; window.orb.worldwideNavlinks = '<li class="orb-nav-homedotcom"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.com/">Home</a></li><li class="orb-nav-newsdotcom"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.com/news">News</a></li><li class="orb-nav-sport"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.com/sport">Sport</a></li><li class="orb-nav-reeldotcom"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.com/reel">Reel</a></li><li class="orb-nav-worklife"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.com/worklife">Worklife</a></li><li class="orb-nav-traveldotcom"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.com/travel">Travel</a></li><li class="orb-nav-future"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.com/future">Future</a></li><li class="orb-nav-culture"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.com/culture">Culture</a></li><li class="orb-nav-music"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.com/culture/music">Music</a></li><li class="orb-nav-tv"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/schedules/p00fzl9m">TV</a></li><li class="orb-nav-weather"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.com/weather">Weather</a></li><li class="orb-nav-sounds"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds">Sounds</a></li>'; /*]]>*/</script><script>// Promise polyfill from https://github.com/bramstein/promis (function(){'use strict';var f,g=[];function l(a){g.push(a);1==g.length&&f()}function m(){for(;g.length;)g[0](),g.shift()}f=function(){setTimeout(m)};function n(a){this.a=p;this.b=void 0;this.f=[];var b=this;try{a(function(a){q(b,a)},function(a){r(b,a)})}catch(c){r(b,c)}}var p=2;function t(a){return new n(function(b,c){c(a)})}function u(a){return new n(function(b){b(a)})}function q(a,b){if(a.a==p){if(b==a)throw new TypeError;var c=!1;try{var d=b&&b.then;if(null!=b&&"object"==typeof b&&"function"==typeof d){d.call(b,function(b){c||q(a,b);c=!0},function(b){c||r(a,b);c=!0});return}}catch(e){c||r(a,e);return}a.a=0;a.b=b;v(a)}} function r(a,b){if(a.a==p){if(b==a)throw new TypeError;a.a=1;a.b=b;v(a)}}function v(a){l(function(){if(a.a!=p)for(;a.f.length;){var b=a.f.shift(),c=b[0],d=b[1],e=b[2],b=b[3];try{0==a.a?"function"==typeof c?e(c.call(void 0,a.b)):e(a.b):1==a.a&&("function"==typeof d?e(d.call(void 0,a.b)):b(a.b))}catch(h){b(h)}}})}n.prototype.g=function(a){return this.c(void 0,a)};n.prototype.c=function(a,b){var c=this;return new n(function(d,e){c.f.push([a,b,d,e]);v(c)})}; function w(a){return new n(function(b,c){function d(c){return function(d){h[c]=d;e+=1;e==a.length&&b(h)}}var e=0,h=[];0==a.length&&b(h);for(var k=0;k<a.length;k+=1)u(a[k]).c(d(k),c)})}function x(a){return new n(function(b,c){for(var d=0;d<a.length;d+=1)u(a[d]).c(b,c)})};window.Promise||(window.Promise=n,window.Promise.resolve=u,window.Promise.reject=t,window.Promise.race=x,window.Promise.all=w,window.Promise.prototype.then=n.prototype.c,window.Promise.prototype["catch"]=n.prototype.g);}()); // Polyfill Event constructor for IE ref: https://jira.dev.bbc.co.uk/browse/ORBITEN-919 // see: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26596123 (function () { if (typeof window.CustomEvent === "function") { return false; } function CustomEvent(event, params) { params = params || { bubbles: false, cancelable: false, detail: undefined }; var evt = document.createEvent('CustomEvent'); evt.initCustomEvent(event, params.bubbles, params.cancelable, params.detail); return evt; } CustomEvent.prototype = window.Event.prototype; window.Event = CustomEvent; })(); //Element.prototype.matches polyfill //from https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/matches#Polyfill if (!Element.prototype.matches) { Element.prototype.matches = Element.prototype.msMatchesSelector || Element.prototype.webkitMatchesSelector; } //NodeList.forEach Polyfill //from https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/NodeList/forEach#Polyfill if (window.NodeList && !NodeList.prototype.forEach) { NodeList.prototype.forEach = Array.prototype.forEach; } // Object.assign polyfill from https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/assign#Polyfill if (typeof Object.assign != 'function') { // Must be writable: true, enumerable: false, configurable: true Object.defineProperty(Object, "assign", { value: function assign(target, varArgs) { // .length of function is 2 'use strict'; if (target == null) { // TypeError if undefined or null throw new TypeError('Cannot convert undefined or null to object'); } var to = Object(target); for (var index = 1; index < arguments.length; index++) { var nextSource = arguments[index]; if (nextSource != null) { // Skip over if undefined or null for (var nextKey in nextSource) { // Avoid bugs when hasOwnProperty is shadowed if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(nextSource, nextKey)) { to[nextKey] = nextSource[nextKey]; } } } } return to; }, writable: true, configurable: true }); } if (typeof window.CustomEvent !== 'function') { function CustomEvent(event, params) { params = params || { bubbles: false, cancelable: false, detail: null }; var evt = document.createEvent('CustomEvent'); evt.initCustomEvent(event, params.bubbles, params.cancelable, params.detail); return evt; } CustomEvent.prototype = window.Event.prototype; window.CustomEvent = CustomEvent; } (function() { var language = 'en'; language = 'en'; var modal = false; var istatsLabels = {name: 'news.special_reports.page' || undefined}; istatsLabels['pal_route'] = 'asset'; istatsLabels['language'] = 'en-GB'; istatsLabels['pal_webapp'] = 'tabloid'; istatsLabels['prod_name'] = 'news'; istatsLabels['app_name'] = 'news'; istatsLabels['cps_asset_id'] = '10282696'; istatsLabels['page_type'] = 'Index'; istatsLabels['section'] = '%2Fnews%2Fspecial_reports'; istatsLabels['first_pub'] = '2010-06-10T08%3A54%3A56%2B00%3A00'; istatsLabels['last_editorial_update'] = '2019-03-28T15%3A19%3A51%2B00%3A00'; istatsLabels['curie'] = 'b5c53243-ae79-e059-e040-850a02846523%2Fmobile%2Fdomestic'; istatsLabels['for_nation'] = 'us'; istatsLabels['app_version'] = '1.287.0'; istatsLabels['app_type'] = 'responsive'; istatsLabels['bbc_site'] = 'news'; function getMetaValue(propertyName) { var metaTag = document.querySelector( "meta[property='" + propertyName + "'], " + "meta[name='" + propertyName + "']"); if (metaTag) { return metaTag.getAttribute("content"); } else { throw new Error('No meta tag called: ' + propertyName) } } function generateCountername() { var pathName = window.location.pathname .replace(/\/$/, "") .replace(/^\//, "") .replace(/\//g, '.'); return pathName + '.page'; } var additionalPageProperties = {}; additionalPageProperties['content_language'] = 'en-gb'; additionalPageProperties['custom_var_1'] = '2010-07-28T07:51:39+00:00'; additionalPageProperties['custom_var_2'] = '2019-03-28T15:19:51+00:00'; additionalPageProperties['app_name'] = 'news'; var page = { name: 'news.special_reports.page' || istatsLabels.name || generateCountername(), destination: 'NEWS_PS' || null, producer: 'NEWS' || null, section: 'special_reports' || null, site: '' || istatsLabels.bbc_site || istatsLabels.app_name || istatsLabels.prod_name || null, contentId: 'urn:bbc:cps:b5c53243-ae79-e059-e040-850a02846523' || null, contentType: 'index-section' || null, edition: '' || null, additionalProperties: additionalPageProperties }; function updatePageData(newData) { page = Object.assign(page, newData); } document.addEventListener('bbc-page-reset', function(event) { if (event.detail && event.detail.page) { updatePageData(event.detail.page); } document.dispatchEvent(new Event('bbc-page-updated')); }); window.bbcpage = { loadModule: function(deps) { return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) { window.require(deps, function () { resolve.apply(this, arguments); }, function (error) { reject(error); }); }) }, loadCSS: function (url, timeout) { return window.bbcpage.loadModule(['orb/lib/_$']) .then(function($) { return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { var stylesheet = loadCSS(url); $.onloadCSS(stylesheet, function() { resolve(); }); if (timeout) { setTimeout(function () { reject(); }, timeout); } }); }); }, isModal: function () { return modal; }, getLanguage: function () { return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { resolve(language); }); }, trackRegion: function (region, labels) { return window.bbcpage.loadModule(['istats-1']) .then(function(istats) { var trackLabels = { region: region }; for (var label in labels) { trackLabels[label] = labels[label]; } var linkType = labels.linkType || 'internal'; istats.track(linkType, trackLabels); }); }, getName: function() { return Promise.resolve(page.name); }, getDestination: function() { return Promise.resolve(page.destination); }, getProducer: function() { return Promise.resolve(page.producer); }, getSite: function() { return Promise.resolve(page.site); }, getSection: function() { return Promise.resolve(page.section); }, getContentType: function() { return Promise.resolve(page.contentType); }, getContentId: function() { return Promise.resolve(page.contentId); }, getEdition: function() { return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) { if (page.edition) { resolve(page.edition); return; } try { resolve(getMetaValue('x-audience').toLowerCase()); } catch (err){ // This property is related to Chartbeat; see http://support.chartbeat.com/docs/ if (window._sf_async_config) { resolve(window._sf_async_config.region || null); } } resolve(null); }); }, getReferrer: function() { return Promise.resolve(window.orb && window.orb.referrer ? window.orb.referrer : document.referrer); }, getAdditionalProperties: function() { return Promise.resolve(page.additionalProperties); } }; var country; var sanitiseCountry = function(country) { return country ? country.replace(/ /g, '') : undefined; } window.bbcuser = { getHashedId: function() { if (modal) { return undefined; } return window.bbcpage.loadModule(['idcta-v2/idcta-1']) .then(function(idcta) { return idcta.getCookieInstance().getHidFromCookie(); }); }, getCountry: function() { if (country) { return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { resolve(sanitiseCountry(country)); }) } else { return window.bbcpage.loadModule(['orb/fig']) .then(function(orbFig) { return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { orbFig.load(function (fig) { if (fig.geo.isUK()) { resolve('GB'); } else if (fig.geo.isEU()) { resolve('EU'); } else { resolve(undefined); } }, function () { reject('Error determining country. Timeout?'); }); }); }); } }, isUKCombined: function(inputCountry) { return window.bbcpage.loadModule(['orb/bbcuser']) .then(function(service) { return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { if (inputCountry) { resolve(service.isUKCombined(sanitiseCountry(inputCountry))); } else { window.bbcuser.getCountry().then(function(fetchedCountry){ resolve(service.isUKCombined(fetchedCountry)); }) } }); }); }, isSignedIn: function() { return window.bbcpage.loadModule(['idcta-v2/idcta-1']) .then(function(idcta) { return (idcta && idcta.getCookieInstance().hasCookie()); }); }, allowsPerformanceCookies: function() { return window.bbcpage.loadModule(['orb/cookies']) .then(function(bbccookies) { return !!bbccookies.cookiesEnabled() && !!bbccookies.readPolicy('performance'); }); }, allowsFunctionalCookies: function() { return window.bbcpage.loadModule(['orb/cookies']) .then(function(bbccookies) { return !!bbccookies.cookiesEnabled() && !!bbccookies.readPolicy('personalisation'); }); }, getCookieValue: function(cookieName) { return window.bbcpage.loadModule(['orb/cookies']) .then(function(bbccookies) { return bbccookies.get(cookieName); }); }, resetCookiesPreferences: function() { return window.bbcpage.loadModule(['orb/cookies']) .then(function(bbccookies) { bbccookies.setDefaultCookiesSingleDomain(); }); }, hasCookiesEnabled: function() { return window.bbcpage.loadModule(['orb/cookies']) .then(function(bbccookies) { return !!bbccookies.cookiesEnabled(); }); }, hasSeenCookieBanner: function() { return window.bbcpage.loadModule(['orb/cookies']) .then(function (bbccookies) { return !!bbccookies.isCookiePolicySet(); }); }, logEvent: function (verb, noun, extraLabels) { return window.bbcuser.hasCookiesEnabled() .then(function(allowsCookies) { if (allowsCookies) { return window.bbcpage.loadModule(['istats-1']) .then(function(istats) { istats.log(verb, noun, extraLabels); }); } else { throw new Error('User cannot be tracked due to cookies preferences.'); } }); }, }; }());</script><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004js_/https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/orbit/3.0.0-652.2de69620/js/require.min.js"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004js_/https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/orbit-webmodules/0.0.1-329.9c7ecd5/cookie-banner/cookie-library.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">if (window.define !== undefined) { define('orb/cookies', function() { return window.bbccookies; }); }</script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004js_/https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/orbit/3.0.0-652.2de69620/js/api.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">window.bbcFlagpoles_istats="ON",require.config({paths:{"istats-1":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/orbit-webmodules/0.0.1-329.9c7ecd5/istats/istats-1"}}),require(["istats-1","orb/cookies"],function(t,a){if(a.isAllowed("s1")){var e=(c=document.location.href.match(/^(?:https|http):\/\/\w*\.(?:(int|test|stage|live|)\.)?bbc\.(?:co\.uk|com)/))?void 0===c[1]||""===c[1]||"live"===c[1]?"//web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://sa.bbc.co.uk/bbc/bbc/s":"//web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://sa.bbc.co.uk/bbc/"+c[1]+"/s":"//web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://sa.bbc.co.uk/bbc/test/s";t.addCollector({name:"default",url:e,separator:"&"});var s="news.special_reports.page";t.setCountername(s),window.istats_countername&&t.setCountername(window.istats_countername),t.addLabels("ml_name=webmodule&ml_version=0.0.1-329.9c7ecd5&blq_e=orbit&blq_r=orbit&blq_s=orbit&blq_v=default&language=en&pal_route=asset&language=en-GB&pal_webapp=tabloid&prod_name=news&app_name=news&cps_asset_id=10282696&page_type=Index§ion=%2Fnews%2Fspecial_reports&first_pub=2010-06-10T08%3A54%3A56%2B00%3A00&last_editorial_update=2019-03-28T15%3A19%3A51%2B00%3A00&curie=b5c53243-ae79-e059-e040-850a02846523%2Fmobile%2Fdomestic&for_nation=us&app_version=1.287.0&app_type=responsive&bbc_site=news")}var c});</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004cs_/https://mybbc.files.bbci.co.uk/s/id/account-idcta/1.19.0/style/id-cta.css"><!--[if IE 8]><link href="https://mybbc.files.bbci.co.uk/s/id/account-idcta/1.19.0/style/ie8.css" rel="stylesheet"/> <![endif]--><script type="text/javascript">(function() {if (!window.require) {throw new Error('idcta: could not find require module');}if (typeof(map) == 'undefined') {var map = {};}if (!!document.createElementNS && !!document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'svg').createSVGRect) {document.documentElement.className += ' id-svg';}var ptrt = new RegExp("[\\?&]ptrt=([^&]*)").exec(document.location.href);var ENDPOINT_URL = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://idcta.api.bbc.co.uk';var ENDPOINT_CONFIG = ('/idcta/config?callback=&ptrt=' + encodeURIComponent((ptrt ? ptrt[1] : document.location.href))).replace(/\&/g, '&');var ENDPOINT_TRANSLATIONS = '/idcta/translations?callback=';function hasPromise() {var P = window.Promise;var promiseToString = null;if (P) {try {promiseToString = Object.prototype.toString.call(P.resolve());} catch(e) {/*silently ignored*/}}return (promiseToString === '[object Promise]' && !P.cast);}if (hasPromise()) {define('idcta/es6-promise', function() {return window.Promise;});define('idcta-v2/es6-promise', function() {return window.Promise;});}map['idcta-v2'] = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://mybbc.files.bbci.co.uk/s/id/account-idcta/1.19.0/modules/idcta-v2';map['idcta-v2/config'] = ENDPOINT_URL + ENDPOINT_CONFIG;map['idcta-v2/translations'] = ENDPOINT_URL + ENDPOINT_TRANSLATIONS;map['idcta'] = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://mybbc.files.bbci.co.uk/s/id/account-idcta/1.8.2/modules/idcta';map['idcta-v2/idcta-1'] = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://mybbc.files.bbci.co.uk/s/id/account-idcta/1.19.0/modules/idcta-v2/dist/idcta-1.min';const idctaShim = {deps: ['idcta-v2/idcta-1'],};require({shim: {'idcta-v2/statusbar': idctaShim,'idcta-v2/id-config': idctaShim},map: {'*': {'idcta/idcta-1': 'idcta-v2/idcta-1','idcta': 'idcta-v2',}},paths: map});window.idctaBaseUrl = ENDPOINT_URL;define('idcta/config', ['idcta-v2/config'], function(data) {return data;});define('idcta/translations', ['idcta-v2/translations'], function(data) {return data;});})();</script> <!-- BBCDOTCOM head --><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ var _sf_startpt = (new Date()).getTime(); /*]]>*/</script><style type="text/css">.bbccom_display_none{display:none;}</style><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ var bbcdotcomConfig, googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || [], bbcdotcomScripts = [], tp = window.tp || []; var bbcdotcom = false; (function(){ if(typeof require !== 'undefined') { require({ paths:{ "bbcdotcom":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://static.bbc.co.uk/bbcdotcom/2.7.0/script" } }); } })(); /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ var bbcdotcom = { adverts: { keyValues: { set: function() {} } }, advert: { write: function () {}, show: function () {}, isActive: function () { return false; }, layout: function() { return { reset: function() {} } } }, config: { init: function() {}, isActive: function() {}, setSections: function() {}, isAdsEnabled: function() {}, setAdsEnabled: function() {}, isAnalyticsEnabled: function() {}, setAnalyticsEnabled: function() {}, setAssetPrefix: function() {}, setFlagpoles: function() {}, setVersion: function () {}, setJsPrefix: function() {}, setSwfPrefix: function() {}, setCssPrefix: function() {}, setConfig: function() {}, getAssetPrefix: function() {}, getJsPrefix: function () {}, getSwfPrefix: function () {}, getCssPrefix: function () {}, isOptimizelyEnabled: function() {} }, survey: { init: function(){ return false; } }, data: {}, init: function() {}, objects: function(str) { return false; }, locale: { set: function() {}, get: function() {} }, setAdKeyValue: function() {}, utils: { addEvent: function() {}, addHtmlTagClass: function() {}, log: function () {} }, addLoadEvent: function() {} }; /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ (function(){ if (typeof orb !== 'undefined' && typeof orb.fig === 'function') { if (orb.fig('ad') && orb.fig('uk') == 0) { bbcdotcom.data = { ads: (orb.fig('ad') ? 1 : 0), stats: (orb.fig('uk') == 0 ? 1 : 0), statsProvider: orb.fig('ap') }; } } else { document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.com/wwscripts/data">\x3C/script>'); } })(); /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ (function(){ if (typeof orb === 'undefined' || typeof orb.fig !== 'function') { bbcdotcom.data = { ads: bbcdotcom.data.a, stats: bbcdotcom.data.b, statsProvider: bbcdotcom.data.c }; } if (bbcdotcom.data.ads == 1) { document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.com/wwscripts/flag">\x3C/script>'); } })(); /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ (function(){ if (window.bbcdotcom && (typeof bbcdotcom.flag == 'undefined' || (typeof bbcdotcom.data.ads !== 'undefined' && bbcdotcom.flag.a != 1))) { bbcdotcom.data.ads = 0; } if (/[?|&]ads/.test(window.location.href) || /(^|; )ads=on; /.test(document.cookie) || /; ads=on(; |$)/.test(document.cookie)) { bbcdotcom.data.ads = 1; bbcdotcom.data.stats = 1; } if (window.bbcdotcom && (bbcdotcom.data.ads == 1 || bbcdotcom.data.stats == 1)) { bbcdotcom.assetPrefix = "https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://static.bbc.co.uk/bbcdotcom/2.7.0/"; if (/(sandbox|int)(.dev)*.bbc.co*/.test(window.location.href) || /[?|&]ads-debug/.test(window.location.href) || document.cookie.indexOf('ads-debug=') !== -1) { document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://static.bbc.co.uk/bbcdotcom/2.7.0/script/dist/bbcdotcom.dev.js">\x3C/script>'); } else { document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://static.bbc.co.uk/bbcdotcom/2.7.0/script/dist/bbcdotcom.js">\x3C/script>'); } } })(); /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.data.stats == 1) { document.write('<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://secure-us.imrworldwide.com/">'); document.write('<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://me-cdn.effectivemeasure.net/">'); document.write('<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://ssc.api.bbc.com/">'); } if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.data.ads == 1) { document.write('<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.googletagservices.com/">'); document.write('<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://bbc.gscontxt.net/">'); document.write('<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://tags.crwdcntrl.net/">'); document.write('<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://ad.crwdcntrl.net/">'); }</script><script type="text/javascript">if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.data.ads == 1) { document.write('<meta name="google-site-verification" content="auTeTTwSt_KBY_4iDoR00Lwb7-qzx1IgzJy6ztaWgEI" />'); }</script><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ (function(){ if (window.bbcdotcom && (bbcdotcom.data.ads == 1 || bbcdotcom.data.stats == 1)) { bbcdotcomConfig = {"adFormat":"standard","adKeyword":"","adMode":"smart","adsEnabled":true,"appAnalyticsSections":"","asyncEnabled":true,"disableInitialLoad":false,"advertInfoPageUrl":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190821014004\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/privacy\/cookies\/international\/","advertisementText":"Advertisement","analyticsEnabled":true,"sherlockEnabled":false,"appName":"","assetPrefix":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190821014004\/https:\/\/static.bbc.co.uk\/bbcdotcom\/2.7.0\/","customAdParams":[],"customStatsParams":[],"headline":"","id":"","inAssociationWithText":"in association with","keywords":"","language":"","orbTransitional":false,"lotameWSEnabled":false,"optimizelyEnabled":true,"palEnv":"live","productName":"","sections":[],"comScoreEnabled":true,"comscoreSite":"bbc","comscoreID":"19293874","comscorePageName":"","slots":"","sponsoredByText":"is sponsored by","adsByGoogleText":"Ads by Google","summary":"","type":"","features":{"testfeature":{"name":"testfeature","envs":["sandbox","int","test"],"on":true,"options":{},"override":null},"lxadverts":{"name":"lxadverts","envs":[],"on":true,"options":{},"override":null}},"staticBase":"\/bbcdotcom","staticHost":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190821014004\/https:\/\/static.bbc.co.uk","staticVersion":"2.7.0","staticPrefix":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190821014004\/https:\/\/static.bbc.co.uk\/bbcdotcom\/2.7.0","dataHttp":"tps.bbc.com","dataHttps":"www.bbc.com","flagHttp":"www.bbc.co.uk","flagHttps":"www.bbc.co.uk","analyticsHttp":"sa.bbc.com","analyticsHttps":"ssa.bbc.com"}; bbcdotcom.config.init(bbcdotcomConfig, bbcdotcom.data, window.location, window.document); bbcdotcom.config.setFlagpoles(bbcdotcom.flag || {}); bbcdotcom.config.setAssetPrefix("https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://static.bbc.co.uk/bbcdotcom/2.7.0/"); bbcdotcom.config.setVersion("2.7.0"); document.write('<!--[if IE 7]><script type="text/javascript">bbcdotcom.config.setIE7(true);\x3C/script><![endif]-->'); document.write('<!--[if IE 8]><script type="text/javascript">bbcdotcom.config.setIE8(true);\x3C/script><![endif]-->'); document.write('<!--[if IE 9]><script type="text/javascript">bbcdotcom.config.setIE9(true);\x3C/script><![endif]-->'); if (/[?|&]ex-dp/.test(window.location.href) || document.cookie.indexOf('ex-dp=') !== -1) { bbcdotcom.utils.addHtmlTagClass('bbcdotcom-ex-dp'); } } })(); /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">var initOptimizely = (function(isEnabled){ if(!isEnabled) return; var logger = window.bbcdotcom.Logger('bbcdotcom:head:optimizely'); /* Allow Optimizely in these paths */ var allowPaths = ['/', '/wwhp']; /* Only run on optimizely on homepage */ if (bbcdotcom.utils && allowPaths.indexOf(window.location.pathname) !== -1 && window.bbccookies && bbccookies.readPolicy('necessary') ){ /* set correct OptimizelyURL for prod or sandbox */ var optimizelyURL = "https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://cdn.optimizely.com/public/4621041136/s/bbccom_sandbox.js"; if(window.location.hostname === 'www.bbc.com') { optimizelyURL = "https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://cdn.optimizely.com/public/4621041136/s/bbccom_prod.js"; } /* Set cookie to 1 year */ window['optimizely'] = window['optimizely'] || []; window['optimizely'].push({ "type": "cookieExpiration", "cookieExpirationDays": 365 }); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="'+optimizelyURL+'">\x3C/script>'); } })( bbcdotcom.config.isOptimizelyEnabled() );</script><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ if ( window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.data && bbcdotcom.data.ads && bbcdotcom.data.ads == 1 && bbcdotcom.config && bbcdotcom.config.isGrapeshotEnabled && bbcdotcom.config.isGrapeshotEnabled() && bbcdotcom.config.isWorldService && !bbcdotcom.config.isWorldService() ) { var gs_channels="DEFAULT"; (function () { var gsurl = window.location.href.split("?")[0]; bbcdotcomScripts.push({src:'https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://bbc.gscontxt.net/?url='+encodeURIComponent(gsurl)}); })(); } /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.data && bbcdotcom.data.stats && bbcdotcom.data.stats == 1 && bbcdotcom.config && bbcdotcom.config.isLotameEnabled && bbcdotcom.config.isLotameEnabled()){ (function () { var clientId, lotameUrl, lotameAudienceUrl; clientId = (bbcdotcom.config.isWorldService && bbcdotcom.config.isWorldService()) ? '10826' : '10816'; lotameUrl = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://tags.crwdcntrl.net/c/'+clientId+'/cc.js?ns='+clientId; lotameAudienceUrl = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://ad.crwdcntrl.net/5/c=10815/pe=y/var=ccauds'; bbcdotcomScripts.push({src:lotameUrl,id:"LOTCC"+clientId}); bbcdotcomScripts.push({src:lotameAudienceUrl}); })(); } /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ /** * ASYNC waits to make any gpt requests until the bottom of the page */ if ( window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.data && bbcdotcom.data.ads && bbcdotcom.data.ads == 1 && bbcdotcom.config && bbcdotcom.config.isAsync && bbcdotcom.config.isAsync() ) { (function () { bbcdotcomScripts.push({src:'https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js'}); })(); } /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ /* Load Lotame, Grapeshot and GPT without blocking rendering but executing in order */ if ( bbcdotcomScripts && bbcdotcomScripts.length > 0 ) { (function () { bbcdotcomScripts.forEach(function(item) { var script = document.createElement('script'); script.async = false; if(item.id) script.id = item.id; script.src = item.src; document.head.appendChild(script); }); })(); } /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript" async="true">/*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.data && bbcdotcom.data.stats && bbcdotcom.data.stats == 1 && bbcdotcom.config && bbcdotcom.config.isLotameEnabled && bbcdotcom.config.isLotameEnabled() && bbcdotcom.lotame){ (function () { bbcdotcom.lotame.callback(); })(); } /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { window.bbcdotcom.head = true; }()); /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">// Globally available search context window.SEARCHBOX={"variant":"default","locale":"en","navSearchboxStaticPrefix":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/searchbox/3.0.0-4.9a69f1b","searchboxAppStaticPrefix":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/searchbox/3.0.0-4.9a69f1b/drawer","searchFormHtml":"<div tabindex=\"-1\" data-reactroot=\"\" data-reactid=\"1\" data-react-checksum=\"729995048\"><div data-reactid=\"2\"><section class=\"se-searchbox-panel\" data-reactid=\"3\"><div class=\"se-g-wrap\" data-reactid=\"4\"><div class=\"se-g-layout\" data-reactid=\"5\"><div class=\"se-g-layout__item se-searchbox-title\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-reactid=\"6\">search</div><div class=\"se-g-layout__item se-searchbox\" data-reactid=\"7\"><form accept-charset=\"utf-8\" id=\"searchboxDrawerForm\" method=\"get\" action=\"https://search.bbc.co.uk/search\" data-reactid=\"8\"><label class=\"se-searchbox__input\" for=\"se-searchbox-input-field\" data-reactid=\"9\"><span class=\"se-sr-only\" data-reactid=\"10\">Search Term</span><input type=\"text\" name=\"q\" value=\"\" id=\"se-searchbox-input-field\" class=\"se-searchbox__input__field\" maxlength=\"512\" autocomplete=\"off\" autocorrect=\"off\" autocapitalize=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-reactid=\"11\"/></label><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"scope\" value=\"\" data-reactid=\"12\"/><button type=\"submit\" class=\"se-searchbox__submit\" tabindex=\"0\" data-reactid=\"13\">Search</button><button type=\"button\" class=\"se-searchbox__clear se-searchbox__clear--visible\" tabindex=\"0\" data-reactid=\"14\">Close</button></form></div></div></div></section><div aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\" class=\"se-suggestions-container\" data-reactid=\"15\"><section class=\"se-g-wrap\" data-reactid=\"16\"></section></div></div></div>","searchScopePlaceholder":"<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"scope\" id=\"orb-search-scope\" value=\"all\">","searchScopeParam":"?scope=all","searchScopeTemplate":"all","searchPlaceholderWrapperStart":"","searchPlaceholderWrapperEnd":""}; window.SEARCHBOX.suppress = false; window.SEARCHBOX.searchScope = SEARCHBOX.searchScopeTemplate.split('-')[0];</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004cs_/https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/searchbox/3.0.0-4.9a69f1b/css/main.css"><!--[if IE 8]> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/searchbox/3.0.0-4.9a69f1b/script/html5shiv.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window['searchboxIEVersion'] = 8;</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/searchbox/3.0.0-4.9a69f1b/css/ie8.css"> <![endif]--><!--[if IE 9]> <script type="text/javascript">window['searchboxIEVersion'] = 9;</script> <![endif]--><script type="text/javascript">require.config({ "paths": { "orb/async/_footerpromo": 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/navpromo/3.0.0-13.dc6b5c1/js/async/_footerpromo' } });</script> <script type="text/javascript">"use strict";require.config({paths:{reverb:"https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://mybbc-analytics.files.bbci.co.uk/reverb-client-js/reverb-0.10.0"}}),function(){var i=function(r,a){require(["reverb"],function(e){if(r&&r.detail){var i=r.detail.label,t=r.detail.type,n=r.detail.elem,c=r.detail.originalEvent;r.detail.isClick&&(a=r.detail.isClick),e.invoke(!1).then(function(){e.userActionEvent(t,i,r.detail,n,c,a)})}})};document.addEventListener("bbc-user-event",function(e){i(e,!1)}),document.addEventListener("bbc-user-click",function(e){i(e,!0)}),document.addEventListener("bbc-page-updated",function(){require(["reverb"],function(e){e.invoke(!0)})})}();</script> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004cs_/https://static.bbc.co.uk/news/1.287.03360/stylesheets/services/news/core.css"> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.bbc.co.uk/news/1.287.03360/stylesheets/services/news/old-ie.css"> <script src="https://static.bbc.co.uk/news/1.287.03360/js/vendor/html5shiv/html5shiv.js"></script> <![endif]--> <script id="news-loader"> if (document.getElementById("responsive-news")) { window.bbcNewsResponsive = true; } var isIE = (function() { var undef, v = 3, div = document.createElement('div'), all = div.getElementsByTagName('i'); while ( div.innerHTML = '<!--[if gt IE ' + (++v) + ']><i></i><![endif]-->', all[0] ); return v > 4 ? v : undef; }()); var modernDevice = 'querySelector' in document && 'localStorage' in window && 'addEventListener' in window, forceCore = document.cookie.indexOf('ckps_force_core') !== -1; window.cutsTheMustard = modernDevice && !forceCore; if (window.cutsTheMustard) { document.documentElement.className += ' ctm'; var insertPoint = document.getElementById('news-loader'), config = {"asset":{"asset_id":"10282696","asset_locator":"urn:bbc:cps:asset:10282696","asset_uri":"\/news\/special_reports","original_asset_uri":null,"first_created":{"date":"2010-06-10 09:54:56","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe\/London"},"first_published":{"date":"2010-07-28 08:51:39","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe\/London"},"last_updated":{"date":"2019-03-28 15:19:51","timezone_type":3,"timezone":"Europe\/London"},"options":{"allowAdvertising":true},"section":{"name":"Special reports","id":"100048","uri":"\/news\/special_reports","urlIdentifier":"\/news\/special_reports"},"language":"en-gb","edition":"Domestic","audience":"domestic","iStats_counter_name":"news.special_reports.page","type":"IDX","curie":"asset:b5c53243-ae79-e059-e040-850a02846523\/mobile\/domestic"},"smpBrand":null,"staticHost":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190821014004\/https:\/\/static.bbc.co.uk","environment":"live","locatorVersion":"0.46.3","pathPrefix":"\/news","staticPrefix":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190821014004\/https:\/\/static.bbc.co.uk\/news\/1.287.03360","jsPath":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190821014004\/https:\/\/static.bbc.co.uk\/news\/1.287.03360\/js","cssPath":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190821014004\/https:\/\/static.bbc.co.uk\/news\/1.287.03360\/stylesheets\/services\/news","cssPostfix":"","dynamic":null,"features":{"localnews":true,"video":true,"liveeventcomponent":true,"mediaassetpage":true,"gallery":true,"sportstories":true,"radiopromo":true,"fromothernewssites":true,"locallive":true,"weather":true},"features2":{"apple_smart_banner":true,"svg_brand":true,"waf_deprecation_notice":true,"local_news_cta":true,"chartbeat":true,"connected_stream":true,"connected_stream_promo":true,"dynatrace_beacon":true,"nav":true,"pulse_survey":false,"local_survey":true,"correspondents":true,"blogs":true,"open_graph":true,"follow_us":true,"marketdata_markets":true,"marketdata_shares":true,"nations_pseudo_nav":true,"politics_election2015_topic_pages":true,"responsive_breaking_news":true,"live_event":true,"most_popular":true,"most_popular_tabs":true,"routing":true,"radiopromonownext":true,"config_based_layout":true,"orbit":true,"map_most_watched":true,"top_stories_promo":true,"features_and_analysis":true,"section_labels":true,"index_title":true,"share_tools":true,"extracted_share_tools":true,"local_live_promo":true,"adverts":true,"adverts_async":true,"adexpert":true,"igor_geo_redirect":true,"igor_device_redirect":true,"live":true,"comscore_mmx":true,"find_local_news":true,"comments":true,"comments_enhanced":true,"browser_notify":true,"stream_grid_promo":true,"breaking_news":false,"top_stories_max_volume":true,"contact_form":true,"channel_page":true,"portlet_global_variants":true,"suppress_lep_timezone":true,"story_sticky_player":true,"story_end_slate":true,"story_smp_preview":true,"embed_player_pid":true,"cedexis":true,"mpulse":true,"story_single_column_layout":true,"story_image_copyright_labels":true,"ovp_resolve_primary_media_vpids":false,"media_player":true,"services_bar":true,"live_v2_stream":true,"ldp_tag_augmentation":true,"map_related_topic_tags":true,"olympics_tables":true,"embedephant-social-embeds":true,"interactive-social-embeds":true,"social-embeds":true,"amp_link":true,"https_redirect":true,"preload_fig":true,"preconnect_oftused_domains":true,"ati_analytics":true},"configuration":{"showtimestamp":"1","showweather":"1","showsport":"1","showolympics":"1","showfeaturemain":"1","candyplatform":"EnhancedMobile","showwatchlisten":"1","showspecialreports":"","videotopiccandyid":"","showvideofeedsections":"1","showstorytopstories":"","showstoryfeaturesandanalysis":"1","showstorymostpopular":"","showgallery":"1","cms":"cps","channelpagecandyid":"10318089"},"pollingHost":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190821014004\/https:\/\/polling.bbc.co.uk","service":"news","locale":"en-GB","locatorHost":null,"locatorFlagPole":true,"local":{"allowLocationLookup":true},"isWorldService":false,"isChannelPage":false,"languageVariant":"","commentsHost":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190821014004\/https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk","search":null,"comscoreAnalytics":null}; config.configuration['get'] = function (key) { return this[key.toLowerCase()]; }; var bootstrapUI=function(){var e=function(){if(navigator.userAgent.match(/(Android (2.0|2.1))|(Nokia)|(OSRE\/)|(Opera (Mini|Mobi))|(w(eb)?OSBrowser)|(UCWEB)|(Windows Phone)|(XBLWP)|(ZuneWP)/))return!1;if(navigator.userAgent.match(/MSIE 10.0/))return!0;var e,t=document,n=t.head||t.getElementsByTagName("head")[0],r=t.createElement("style"),s=t.implementation||{hasFeature:function(){return!1}};r.type="text/css",n.insertBefore(r,n.firstChild),e=r.sheet||r.styleSheet;var i=s.hasFeature("CSS2","")?function(t){if(!e||!t)return!1;var n=!1;try{e.insertRule(t,0),n=!/unknown/i.test(e.cssRules[0].cssText),e.deleteRule(e.cssRules.length-1)}catch(r){}return n}:function(t){return e&&t?(e.cssText=t,0!==e.cssText.length&&!/unknown/i.test(e.cssText)&&0===e.cssText.replace(/\r+|\n+/g,"").indexOf(t.split(" ")[0])):!1};return i('@font-face{ font-family:"font";src:"font.ttf"; }')}();e&&(document.getElementsByTagName("html")[0].className+=" ff"),function(){var e=document.documentElement.style;("flexBasis"in e||"WebkitFlexBasis"in e||"msFlexBasis"in e)&&(document.documentElement.className+=" flex")}();var t,n,r,s,i,a={},o=function(){var e=document.documentElement.clientWidth,n=window.innerWidth,r=n>1.5*e;t=r?e:n},u=function(e){var t=document.createElement("link");t.setAttribute("rel","stylesheet"),t.setAttribute("type","text/css"),t.setAttribute("href",n+e+r+".css"),t.setAttribute("media",i[e]),s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s),delete i[e]},c=function(e,n,r){n&&!r&&t>=n&&u(e),r&&!n&&r>=t&&u(e),n&&r&&t>=n&&r>=t&&u(e)},l=function(e){if(a[e])return a[e];var t=e.match(/\(min\-width:[\s]*([\s]*[0-9\.]+)(px|em)[\s]*\)/),n=e.match(/\(max\-width:[\s]*([\s]*[0-9\.]+)(px|em)[\s]*\)/),r=t&&parseFloat(t[1])||null,s=n&&parseFloat(n[1])||null;return a[e]=[r,s],a[e]},f=function(){var e=0;for(var t in i)e++;return e},m=function(){f()||window.removeEventListener("resize",d,!1);for(var e in i){var t=i[e],n=l(t);c(e,n[0],n[1])}},d=function(){o(),m()},h=function(e,t){i=e,n=t.path+("/"!==t.path.substr(-1)?"/":""),r=t.postfix,s=t.insertBefore,o(),m(),window.addEventListener("resize",d,!1)};return{stylesheetLoaderInit:h}}(); var stylesheets = {"compact":"(max-width: 599px)","tablet":"(min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1007px)","wide":"(min-width: 1008px)"}; bootstrapUI.stylesheetLoaderInit(stylesheets, { path: 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://static.bbc.co.uk/news/1.287.03360/stylesheets/services/news', postfix: '', insertBefore: insertPoint }); var loadRequire = function(){ var js_paths = {"jquery-1.9":"vendor\/jquery-1\/jquery","jquery-1":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190821014004\/https:\/\/static.bbc.co.uk\/frameworks\/jquery\/0.4.1\/sharedmodules\/jquery-1.7.2","demi-1":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190821014004\/https:\/\/static.bbc.co.uk\/frameworks\/demi\/0.10.1\/sharedmodules\/demi-1","swfobject-2":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190821014004\/https:\/\/static.bbc.co.uk\/frameworks\/swfobject\/0.1.10\/sharedmodules\/swfobject-2","jquery":"vendor\/jquery-2\/jquery.min","domReady":"vendor\/require\/domReady","translation":"module\/translations\/en-GB","bump-3":"\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190821014004\/https:\/\/emp.bbci.co.uk\/emp\/bump-3\/bump-3"}; js_paths.navigation = 'module/nav/navManager'; require.config({ baseUrl: 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://static.bbc.co.uk/news/1.287.03360/js', map: { 'vendor/locator': { 'module/bootstrap': 'vendor/locator/bootstrap', 'locator/stats': 'vendor/locator/stats', 'locator/locatorView': 'vendor/locator/locatorView' } }, paths: js_paths, waitSeconds: 30 }); define('config', function () { return config; }); require(["compiled\/all"], function() { require(['domReady'], function (domReady) { domReady(function () { require(["module\/dotcom\/handlerAdapter","module\/stats\/statsSubscriberAdapter","module\/alternativeJsStrategy\/controller","module\/iconLoaderAdapter","module\/polyfill\/location.origin","module\/components\/breakingNewsAdapter","module\/indexTitleAdaptor","module\/navigation\/handlerAdaptor","module\/noTouchDetectionForCss","module\/components\/commentCountAdapter","module\/components\/fauxBlockLink","module\/components\/responsiveImage","module\/components\/timestampAdaptor"], function() { require(["module\/strategiserAdaptor"]); }); }); }); }); }; loadRequire(); } else { var l = document.createElement('link'); l.href = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://static.bbc.co.uk/news/1.287.03360/icons/generated/icons.fallback.css'; l.rel = 'stylesheet'; document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(l); } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ bbcdotcom.init({adsToDisplay:['leaderboard', 'sponsor_section', 'mpu', 'mpu_bottom', 'adsense', 'native_slice_l', 'infeed_news_index'], asyncEnabled:true }); /*]]>*/ </script> <noscript><link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004cs_/https://static.bbc.co.uk/news/1.287.03360/icons/generated/icons.fallback.css" rel="stylesheet"></noscript> </head> <!--[if IE]><body id="asset-type-idx" class="ie device--feature"><![endif]--> <!--[if !IE]>--><body id="asset-type-idx" class="device--feature"><!--<![endif]--> <div class="direction"> <noscript><p style="position: absolute; top: -999em"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004im_/https://a1.api.bbc.co.uk/hit.xiti?&col=1&from=p&ptag=js&s=598253&p=special_reports::news.special_reports.page&x1=[urn:bbc:cps:b5c53243-ae79-e059-e040-850a02846523]&x2=[responsive]&x3=[bbc_website]&x4=[en]&x7=[index-section]&x8=[reverb-0.10.0-nojs]&x10=[NEWS_PS]&x11=[NEWS]" height="1" width="1" alt=""></p></noscript> <!-- BBCDOTCOM bodyFirst --><div id="bbccom_interstitial_ad" class="bbccom_display_none"></div><div id="bbccom_interstitial" class="bbccom_display_none"><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.config.isActive('ads')) { googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('bbccom_interstitial'); }); } }()); /*]]>*/</script></div><div id="bbccom_wallpaper_ad" class="bbccom_display_none"></div><div id="bbccom_wallpaper" class="bbccom_display_none"><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { var wallpaper; if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.config.isActive('ads')) { if (bbcdotcom.config.isAsync()) { googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('bbccom_wallpaper'); }); } else if (typeof googletag !== "undefined" && typeof googletag.display === "function") { googletag.display("wallpaper"); } wallpaper = bbcdotcom.adverts.adRegister.getAd('wallpaper'); } }()); /*]]>*/</script></div><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.config.isActive('ads')) { document.write(unescape('%3Cscript id="gnlAdsEnabled" class="bbccom_display_none"%3E%3C/script%3E')); } if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.config.isActive('analytics')) { document.write(unescape('%3Cscript id="gnlAnalyticsEnabled" class="bbccom_display_none"%3E%3C/script%3E')); } }()); /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { window.bbcdotcom.bodyFirst = true; }()); /*]]>*/</script> <div id="cookiePrompt"></div> <!--[if (gt IE 8) | (IEMobile)]><!--><header id="orb-banner" role="banner" aria-label="BBC"><!--<![endif]--><!--[if (lt IE 9) & (!IEMobile)]> <![if (IE 8)]> <header id="orb-banner" role="banner" class="orb-old-ie orb-ie8" aria-label="BBC"> <![endif]> <![if (IE 7)]> <header id="orb-banner" role="banner" class="orb-old-ie orb-ie7" aria-label="BBC"> <![endif]> <![if (IE 6)]> <header id="orb-banner" role="banner" class="orb-old-ie orb-ie6" aria-label="BBC"> <![endif]> <![endif]--><div id="orb-header" class="orb-nav-pri orb-nav-pri-white orb-nav-empty" dir="ltr"><div class="orb-nav-pri-container b-r b-g-p"><div class="orb-nav-section orb-nav-blocks"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/">Homepage</a></div><section><div class="orb-skip-links"><h2>Accessibility links</h2><ul><li><a href="#page">Skip to content</a></li><li><a id="orb-accessibility-help" href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/accessibility/">Accessibility Help</a></li></ul></div></section><div id="mybbc-wrapper" class="orb-nav-section orb-nav-id orb-nav-focus orb-nav-id-default"><div id="idcta-statusbar" class="orb-nav-section orb-nav-focus"><a id="idcta-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://account.bbc.com/account?ptrt=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special_reports"><span id="idcta-username">BBC Account</span></a></div><script type="text/javascript">require(['idcta/statusbar'], function (statusbar) {new statusbar.Statusbar({id: 'idcta-statusbar', publiclyCacheable: true});});</script><!-- Because we are now loading the notification bell CSS asynchronously, we need this inline style hack to ensure that the notification div is hidden by default, and shown only if and when the bell code is loaded from notification-ui --><a id="notification-link" class="js-notification-link animated three" href="#" style="display: none"><span class="hidden-span">Notifications</span><div class="notification-link--triangle"></div><div class="notification-link--triangle"></div><span id="not-num"></span></a></div><nav role="navigation" aria-label="BBC" class="orb-nav"><div class="orb-nav-section orb-nav-links orb-nav-focus" id="orb-nav-links"><ul><li class="orb-nav-home"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/">Home</a></li><li class="orb-nav-news"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news">News</a></li><li class="orb-nav-sport"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport">Sport</a></li><li class="orb-nav-weather"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/weather">Weather</a></li><li class="orb-nav-iplayer"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer">iPlayer</a></li><li class="orb-nav-sounds"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds">Sounds</a></li><li class="orb-nav-cbbc"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/cbbc">CBBC</a></li><li class="orb-nav-cbeebies"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/cbeebies">CBeebies</a></li><li class="orb-nav-food"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/food">Food</a></li><li class="orb-nav-bitesize"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize">Bitesize</a></li><li class="orb-nav-arts"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/arts">Arts</a></li><li class="orb-nav-taster"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/taster">Taster</a></li><li class="orb-nav-local"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/localnews">Local</a></li><li class="orb-nav-tv"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/tv">TV</a></li><li class="orb-nav-radio"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio">Radio</a></li><li class="orb-nav-three"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcthree">Three</a></li><li id="orb-nav-more" style="width: 88px" aria-controls="orb-panel-more"><a href="#orb-footer" data-alt="More" class="istats-notrack">Menu<span class="orb-icon orb-icon-arrow"></span></a></li></ul></div></nav><div class="orb-nav-section orb-nav-search"><a class="orb-search__button" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://search.bbc.co.uk/search?scope=all" title="Search the BBC">Search</a><form class="b-f" id="orb-search-form" role="search" method="get" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://search.bbc.co.uk/search" accept-charset="utf-8"><div><input type="hidden" name="scope" id="orb-search-scope" value="all"><label for="orb-search-q">Search the BBC</label><input id="orb-search-q" type="text" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" name="q" placeholder="Search"><button id="orb-search-button" class="orb-search__button">Search the BBC</button><input type="hidden" name="suggid" id="orb-search-suggid"></div></form></div></div><div id="orb-panels"></div></div></header> <!-- Styling hook for shared modules only --> <div id="orb-modules"> <div id="site-container"> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <div class="browser-notify"> <div class="browser-notify__banner"> <div class="browser-notify__icon"></div> <span>This site is optimised for modern web browsers, and does not fully support your version of Internet Explorer</span> </div> </div> <![endif]--> <div class="site-brand site-brand--height" role="banner" aria-label="BBC News"> <div class="site-brand-inner site-brand-inner--height"> <div class="navigation navigation--primary"> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news" id="brand"> <svg class="brand__svg" width="102" height="30" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"> <image xlink:href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004im_/https://static.bbc.co.uk/news/1.287.03360/img/brand/generated/news-light.svg" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004im_/https://static.bbc.co.uk/news/1.287.03360/img/brand/generated/news-light.png" width="100%" height="100%"/> </svg> <span class="off-screen">News</span> </a> <h2 class="navigation__heading off-screen">BBC News Navigation</h2> <div class="nav-buttons"> <a href="#core-navigation" class="navigation__section navigation__section--core" data-event="header"> <div class="navigation__section--icon"> <span class="off-screen">Sections</span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="navigation navigation--wide"> <ul class="navigation-wide-list" role="navigation" aria-label="BBC News" data-panel-id="js-navigation-panel-primary"> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>Home</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk" data-panel-id="js-navigation-panel-UK" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>UK</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world" data-panel-id="js-navigation-panel-World" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>World</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business" data-panel-id="js-navigation-panel-Business" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>Business</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics" data-panel-id="js-navigation-panel-Politics" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>Politics</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>Tech</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science_and_environment" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>Science</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>Health</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education" data-panel-id="js-navigation-panel-Family___Education" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>Family & Education</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment_and_arts" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>Entertainment & Arts</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/stories" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>Stories</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/video_and_audio/headlines" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>Video & Audio</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in_pictures" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>In Pictures</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/newsbeat" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>Newsbeat</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/realitycheck" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>Reality Check</span> </a> </li> <li class="selected"> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special_reports" class="navigation-wide-list__link navigation-arrow--open"> <span>Special Reports</span> </a> <span class="off-screen">selected</span> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/explainers" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>Explainers</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/the_reporters" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>The Reporters</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/have_your_say" class="navigation-wide-list__link"> <span>Have Your Say</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/disability" class="navigation-wide-list__link navigation-wide-list__link--last"> <span>Disability</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="bbccom_leaderboard_1_2_3_4" class="bbccom_slot " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.adverts && bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync('leaderboard', [1,2,3,4]); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> <div id="breaking-news-container" data-polling-url="https://polling.bbc.co.uk/news/latest_breaking_news?audience=Domestic" aria-live="polite"></div> <div id="page" class="configurable index " data-story-id="special_reports"> <div role="main"> <div class="container-width-only"> <h1 class="index-title index-title--redundant " id="comp-index-title" data-index-title-meta="{"id":"comp-index-title","type":"index-title","handler":"indexTitle","deviceGroups":null,"opts":{"alwaysVisible":false,"onFrontPage":false},"template":"index-title"}">Special reports</h1> <div id="bbccom_sponsor_section_1_2_3_4" class="bbccom_slot " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.adverts && bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync('sponsor_section', [1,2,3,4]); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="column--single"> <div id="comp-candy-asset-munger" class="distinct-component-group container-kestrel"> <h2 class="group-title off-screen " data-entityid="#top_stories"> Top Stories </h2> <div class="kestrel kestrel__dark faux-block-link"> <div class="kestrel-item" data-entityid="top_stories#1"> <div class="kestrel__image"> <div class="responsive-image responsive-image--16by9"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/B3CC/production/_99282064_gettyimages-815062310.jpg" class="js-image-replace" alt="Two chess pieces on a chess board, one enclosed in the EU flag, one enclosed in the union jack." width="2048" height="1152"/> </div> </div> <div class="kestrel__body"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics/uk_leaves_the_eu" class="title-link"> <h3 class="title-link__title"> <span class="title-link__title-text">Brexit</span> </h3> </a> <p class="kestrel__summary">What you need to know about the UK leaving the EU</p> <div class="kestrel__info"> <ul class="mini-info-list"> <li class="mini-info-list__item"><div class="date date--v2" data-seconds="1514553754" data-datetime="29 December 2017">29 December 2017</div></li> </ul> </div> </div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics/uk_leaves_the_eu" class="faux-block-link__overlay-link" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true">Full article Brexit</a> </div> </div> <div class="sparrow-container sparrow-columns"> <div class="sparrow sparrow__3 sparrow__dark"> <div class="sparrow-item faux-block-link" data-entityid="top_stories#2"> <div class="sparrow-item__image"> <div class="responsive-image responsive-image--16by9"> <div class="js-delayed-image-load" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004oe_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/337A/production/_98087131_100_women_facewall_promo2_976.jpg" data-width="976" data-height="549" data-alt="100 Women"></div> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/337A/production/_98087131_100_women_facewall_promo2_976.jpg" class="js-image-replace" alt="100 Women" width="976" height="549" /> <![endif]--> </div> </div> <div class="sparrow-item__body"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/topics/c779dqxlxv2t/100-women" class="title-link"> <h3 class="title-link__title"> <span class="title-link__title-text">100 Women</span> </h3> </a> <div class="sparrow-item__info"> <ul class="mini-info-list"> <li class="mini-info-list__item"><div class="date date--v2" data-seconds="1506776835" data-datetime="30 September 2017">30 September 2017</div></li> </ul> </div> </div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/topics/c779dqxlxv2t/100-women" class="faux-block-link__overlay-link" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true">Full article 100 Women</a> </div> <div class="sparrow-item faux-block-link" data-entityid="top_stories#3"> <div class="sparrow-item__image"> <div class="responsive-image responsive-image--16by9"> <div class="js-delayed-image-load" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004oe_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/10E62/production/_96481296_de27-3.jpg" data-width="976" data-height="549" data-alt="Grenfell Tower Fire"></div> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/10E62/production/_96481296_de27-3.jpg" class="js-image-replace" alt="Grenfell Tower Fire" width="976" height="549" /> <![endif]--> </div> </div> <div class="sparrow-item__body"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-40294993" class="title-link"> <h3 class="title-link__title"> <span class="title-link__title-text">Grenfell Tower fire</span> </h3> </a> <div class="sparrow-item__info"> <ul class="mini-info-list"> <li class="mini-info-list__item"><div class="date date--v2" data-seconds="1497610548" data-datetime="16 June 2017">16 June 2017</div></li> </ul> </div> </div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-40294993" class="faux-block-link__overlay-link" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true">Full article Grenfell Tower fire</a> </div> <div class="sparrow-item faux-block-link" data-entityid="top_stories#4"> <div class="sparrow-item__image"> <div class="responsive-image responsive-image--16by9"> <div class="js-delayed-image-load" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004oe_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/9364/production/_96423773_uk_election_heat_map_promo_v3.png" data-width="624" data-height="351" data-alt="promo image for 2017 election result in maps"></div> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/9364/production/_96423773_uk_election_heat_map_promo_v3.png" class="js-image-replace" alt="promo image for 2017 election result in maps" width="624" height="351" /> <![endif]--> </div> </div> <div class="sparrow-item__body"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-42441405" class="title-link"> <h3 class="title-link__title"> <span class="title-link__title-text">2017 in graphics</span> </h3> </a> <div class="sparrow-item__info"> <ul class="mini-info-list"> <li class="mini-info-list__item"><div class="date date--v2" data-seconds="1514561434" data-datetime="29 December 2017">29 December 2017</div></li> </ul> </div> </div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-42441405" class="faux-block-link__overlay-link" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true">Full article 2017 in graphics</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="bbccom_mpu_1_2_3" class="bbccom_slot mpu-ad" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.adverts && bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync('mpu', [1,2,3]); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container--primary-and-secondary-columns column-clearfix"> <div class="column--primary"> <div id="bbccom_mpu_1_2_3" class="bbccom_slot mpu-ad mpu-ad-beside" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.adverts && bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync('mpu', [1,2,3]); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> <div id="comp-candy-asset-munger-3" class="distinct-component-group features--special-reports"> <h2 class="group-title " data-entityid="#long_reads"> Long reads </h2> <div class="sparrow-container sparrow-columns"> <div class="sparrow sparrow__2 sparrow__light"> <div class="sparrow-item faux-block-link" data-entityid="feature-main#1"> <div class="sparrow-item__image"> <div class="responsive-image responsive-image--16by9"> <div class="js-delayed-image-load" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004oe_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/4998/production/_99404881_gettyimages-693938448.jpg" data-width="2048" data-height="1152" data-alt="Theresa May on 9 June 2017"></div> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/4998/production/_99404881_gettyimages-693938448.jpg" class="js-image-replace" alt="Theresa May on 9 June 2017" width="2048" height="1152" /> <![endif]--> </div> </div> <div class="sparrow-item__body"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-sh/General_election" class="title-link"> <h3 class="title-link__title"> <span class="title-link__title-text">The triumph that wasn't</span> </h3> </a> <div class="sparrow-item__info"> <ul class="mini-info-list"> <li class="mini-info-list__item"><div class="date date--v2" data-seconds="1514554694" data-datetime="29 December 2017">29 December 2017</div></li> </ul> </div> </div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-sh/General_election" class="faux-block-link__overlay-link" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true">Full article The triumph that wasn't</a> </div> <div class="sparrow-item faux-block-link" data-entityid="feature-main#2"> <div class="sparrow-item__image"> <div class="responsive-image responsive-image--16by9"> <div class="js-delayed-image-load" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004oe_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/BEC8/production/_99404884_gettyimages-866097736.jpg" data-width="2048" data-height="1152" data-alt="Chinese President Xi Jinping"></div> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/BEC8/production/_99404884_gettyimages-866097736.jpg" class="js-image-replace" alt="Chinese President Xi Jinping" width="2048" height="1152" /> <![endif]--> </div> </div> <div class="sparrow-item__body"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-sh/Thoughts_Chairman_Xi" class="title-link"> <h3 class="title-link__title"> <span class="title-link__title-text">The thoughts of Chairman Xi</span> </h3> </a> <div class="sparrow-item__info"> <ul class="mini-info-list"> <li class="mini-info-list__item"><div class="date date--v2" data-seconds="1514555308" data-datetime="29 December 2017">29 December 2017</div></li> </ul> </div> </div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-sh/Thoughts_Chairman_Xi" class="faux-block-link__overlay-link" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true">Full article The thoughts of Chairman Xi</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sparrow-container sparrow-columns"> <div class="sparrow sparrow__2 sparrow__light"> <div class="sparrow-item faux-block-link" data-entityid="feature-main#3"> <div class="sparrow-item__image"> <div class="responsive-image responsive-image--16by9"> <div class="js-delayed-image-load" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004oe_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/FBF8/production/_98640546_rtr3nhp8.jpg" data-width="976" data-height="549" data-alt="North Korean female officer in green uniform and gun looks at camera"></div> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/FBF8/production/_98640546_rtr3nhp8.jpg" class="js-image-replace" alt="North Korean female officer in green uniform and gun looks at camera" width="976" height="549" /> <![endif]--> </div> </div> <div class="sparrow-item__body"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/stories-41778470" class="title-link"> <h3 class="title-link__title"> <span class="title-link__title-text">Rape and no periods in N Korea's army</span> </h3> </a> <div class="sparrow-item__info"> <ul class="mini-info-list"> <li class="mini-info-list__item"><div class="date date--v2" data-seconds="1514562010" data-datetime="29 December 2017">29 December 2017</div></li> </ul> </div> </div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/stories-41778470" class="faux-block-link__overlay-link" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true">Full article Rape and no periods in N Korea's army</a> </div> <div class="sparrow-item faux-block-link" data-entityid="feature-main#4"> <div class="sparrow-item__image"> <div class="responsive-image responsive-image--16by9"> <div class="js-delayed-image-load" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004oe_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/16468/production/_99204219_robin_young-promo2.jpg" data-width="976" data-height="549" data-alt="Robin King as a young boy"></div> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/16468/production/_99204219_robin_young-promo2.jpg" class="js-image-replace" alt="Robin King as a young boy" width="976" height="549" /> <![endif]--> </div> </div> <div class="sparrow-item__body"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/stories-42256465" class="title-link"> <h3 class="title-link__title"> <span class="title-link__title-text">The mystery of the baby in the box</span> </h3> </a> <div class="sparrow-item__info"> <ul class="mini-info-list"> <li class="mini-info-list__item"><div class="date date--v2" data-seconds="1514562126" data-datetime="29 December 2017">29 December 2017</div></li> </ul> </div> </div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/stories-42256465" class="faux-block-link__overlay-link" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true">Full article The mystery of the baby in the box</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="bbccom_native_slice_l_1_2_3_4_5" class="bbccom_slot nativeslicel-ad nativeinfeed-ad" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.adverts && bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync('native_slice_l', [1,2,3,4,5]); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> <div id="bbccom_infeed_news_index_1_2_3_4_5" class="bbccom_slot infeednewsindex-ad nativeinfeed-ad" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.adverts && bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync('infeed_news_index', [1,2,3,4,5]); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column--secondary"> <div id="bbccom_mpu_4" class="bbccom_slot mpu-ad" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.adverts && bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync('mpu', [4]); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> <div id="bbccom_mpu_4" class="bbccom_slot mpu-ad" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.adverts && bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync('mpu', [4]); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> <div class="features-and-analysis" id="comp-features-and-analysis"> <h2 class="features-and-analysis__title"> America </h2> <div class="features-and-analysis__stories promo-unit-spacer"> <div class="features-and-analysis__story" data-entityid="features-and-analysis#1"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-41826022" class="bold-image-promo"> <div class="bold-image-promo__image"> <div class="responsive-image responsive-image--16by9"> <div class="js-delayed-image-load" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004oe_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/304/cpsprodpb/9236/production/_98603473_political_climate_vertical_index_v2.jpg" data-width="976" data-height="549" data-alt="Former US President Ronald Reagan and US President Donald Trump."></div> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/304/cpsprodpb/9236/production/_98603473_political_climate_vertical_index_v2.jpg" class="js-image-replace" alt="Former US President Ronald Reagan and US President Donald Trump." width="976" height="549" /> <![endif]--> </div> </div> <h3 class="bold-image-promo__title">The clues to Donald Trump's victory</h3> </a> </div> <div class="features-and-analysis__story" data-entityid="features-and-analysis#2"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-40709270" class="bold-image-promo"> <div class="bold-image-promo__image"> <div class="responsive-image responsive-image--16by9"> <div class="js-delayed-image-load" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004oe_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/304/cpsprodpb/554C/production/_98063812_the_russian_investigation_976.jpg" data-width="976" data-height="549" data-alt="Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin"></div> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/304/cpsprodpb/554C/production/_98063812_the_russian_investigation_976.jpg" class="js-image-replace" alt="Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin" width="976" height="549" /> <![endif]--> </div> </div> <h3 class="bold-image-promo__title">Who's who in the Russia-Trump drama?</h3> </a> </div> <div class="features-and-analysis__story" data-entityid="features-and-analysis#3"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-42242839" class="bold-image-promo"> <div class="bold-image-promo__image"> <div class="responsive-image responsive-image--16by9"> <div class="js-delayed-image-load" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004oe_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/304/cpsprodpb/BD85/production/_99071584_gettyimages-885622008.jpg" data-width="976" data-height="549" data-alt="Donald Trump speaks at the Rotunda of the Utah State Capitol on December 4, 2017 in Salt Lake City, Utah"></div> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/304/cpsprodpb/BD85/production/_99071584_gettyimages-885622008.jpg" class="js-image-replace" alt="Donald Trump speaks at the Rotunda of the Utah State Capitol on December 4, 2017 in Salt Lake City, Utah" width="976" height="549" /> <![endif]--> </div> </div> <h3 class="bold-image-promo__title">Is Donald Trump winning?</h3> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ugc-promo-title" class="group-title-component "> <h2 class="group-title"> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/have_your_say" class="group-title__link">Share with BBC News</a> </h2></div> <ul class="simple-list"> <li class="simple-list__item"> <span class="simple-list__item-icon svg-icon svg-icon--mobile-smart" data-grunticon-embed></span> <span class="simple-list__item-label">Send an SMS or MMS to 61124</span> </li> <li class="simple-list__item"> <span class="simple-list__item-icon svg-icon svg-icon--email" data-grunticon-embed></span> <span class="simple-list__item-label">Email us at <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/mailto:haveyoursay@bbc.co.uk" class="simple-list__link">haveyoursay@bbc.co.uk</a> </span> </li> <li class="simple-list__item"> <span class="simple-list__item-icon svg-icon svg-icon--twitter" data-grunticon-embed></span> <span class="simple-list__item-label">Follow Have Your Say on <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://twitter.com/BBC_HaveYourSay" class="simple-list__link">Twitter</a> </span> </li> </ul> <div id="comp-candy-asset-munger-14" class="distinct-component-group container-heron"> <h2 class="group-title " data-entityid="#elsewhere_on_the_bbc"> Elsewhere on the BBC </h2> <div class="heron"> <div class="heron__item faux-block-link" data-entityid="hyper-promotional-content#1"> <div class="heron__item-image"> <div class="responsive-image responsive-image--16by9"> <div class="js-delayed-image-load" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004oe_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/420C/production/_108380961_franksinatra.jpg" data-width="624" data-height="351" data-alt="Frank Sinatra"></div> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/420C/production/_108380961_franksinatra.jpg" class="js-image-replace" alt="Frank Sinatra" width="624" height="351" /> <![endif]--> </div> </div> <div class="heron__item-body"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/p06x3rhbxtor=CS7-61-%5BSounds~C~p06x3rhb~Evil_Genius_Sinatra%5D-%5BNews_Promo%5D-%5BNews_Promo%5D-%5BPodcast%5D" class="title-link"> <h3 class="title-link__title"> <span class="title-link__title-text">Evil Genius</span> </h3> </a> <p class="heron__item-summary">Frank Sinatra, saint or sinner?</p> </div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/p06x3rhbxtor=CS7-61-%5BSounds~C~p06x3rhb~Evil_Genius_Sinatra%5D-%5BNews_Promo%5D-%5BNews_Promo%5D-%5BPodcast%5D" class="faux-block-link__overlay-link" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true">Full article Evil Genius</a> </div> <div class="heron__item faux-block-link" data-entityid="hyper-promotional-content#2"> <div class="heron__item-image"> <div class="responsive-image responsive-image--16by9"> <div class="js-delayed-image-load" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004oe_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/9F99/production/_108175804_news_daily-nc.png" data-width="522" data-height="294" data-alt="BBC News Daily"></div> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/200/cpsprodpb/9F99/production/_108175804_news_daily-nc.png" class="js-image-replace" alt="BBC News Daily" width="522" height="294" /> <![endif]--> </div> </div> <div class="heron__item-body"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/4g8c0mkNmM190Zl00VdXTTb/bbc-news-daily-email" class="title-link"> <h3 class="title-link__title"> <span class="title-link__title-text">Daily news briefing direct to your inbox</span> </h3> </a> <p class="heron__item-summary">Sign up for our newsletter</p> </div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/4g8c0mkNmM190Zl00VdXTTb/bbc-news-daily-email" class="faux-block-link__overlay-link" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true">Full article Daily news briefing direct to your inbox</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="bbccom_native_1_2_3_4" class="bbccom_slot native-ad"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.adverts && bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync('native', [1,2,3,4]); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> <div id="bbccom_mpu_bottom_1_2_3_4" class="bbccom_slot mpu-bottom-ad" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.adverts && bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync('mpu_bottom', [1,2,3,4]); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> <div id="bbccom_adsense_1_2_3_4" class="bbccom_slot adsense-ad" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="bbccom_advert"> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.adverts && bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync) { bbcdotcom.adverts.slotAsync('adsense', [1,2,3,4]); } })(); /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column--single-bottom"> <div id="comp-digest-2" class="hidden" data-post-load-url="/news/pattern-library-components?config_path=idx%2Fnews%2Fspecial_reports&component_id=digest-2&presenter=pattern-library-presenter"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="core-navigation" class="navigation--footer"> <h2 class="navigation--footer__heading">BBC News Navigation</h2> <nav id="navigation--bottom" class="navigation navigation--bottom " role="navigation" aria-label="BBC News"> <span class="navigation-core-title">Sections</span> <ul class="navigation--bottom__toplevel"> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news" class=""> <span>Home</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk" data-panel-id="js-navigation-panel-UK" class="navigation-arrow"> <span>UK</span> </a> <div class="navigation-panel navigation-panel--closed js-navigation-panel-UK"> <div class="navigation-panel__content"> <ul class="navigation-panel-secondary"> <li><a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk"><span>UK Home</span></a></li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/england"><span>England</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/northern_ireland"><span>N. Ireland</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/scotland"><span>Scotland</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/naidheachdan"><span>Alba</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/wales"><span>Wales</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/cymrufyw"><span>Cymru</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/localnews"><span>Local News</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world" data-panel-id="js-navigation-panel-World" class="navigation-arrow"> <span>World</span> </a> <div class="navigation-panel navigation-panel--closed js-navigation-panel-World"> <div class="navigation-panel__content"> <ul class="navigation-panel-secondary"> <li><a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world"><span>World Home</span></a></li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world/africa"><span>Africa</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world/asia"><span>Asia</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world/australia"><span>Australia</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world/europe"><span>Europe</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world/latin_america"><span>Latin America</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world/middle_east"><span>Middle East</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world/us_and_canada"><span>US & Canada</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business" data-panel-id="js-navigation-panel-Business" class="navigation-arrow"> <span>Business</span> </a> <div class="navigation-panel navigation-panel--closed js-navigation-panel-Business"> <div class="navigation-panel__content"> <ul class="navigation-panel-secondary"> <li><a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business"><span>Business Home</span></a></li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business/your_money"><span>Your Money</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business/market-data"><span>Market Data</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business/companies"><span>Companies</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business/economy"><span>Economy</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics" data-panel-id="js-navigation-panel-Politics" class="navigation-arrow"> <span>Politics</span> </a> <div class="navigation-panel navigation-panel--closed js-navigation-panel-Politics"> <div class="navigation-panel__content"> <ul class="navigation-panel-secondary"> <li><a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics"><span>Politics Home</span></a></li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics/parliaments"><span>Parliaments</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics/uk_leaves_the_eu"><span>Brexit</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology" class=""> <span>Tech</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science_and_environment" class=""> <span>Science</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health" class=""> <span>Health</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education" data-panel-id="js-navigation-panel-Family___Education" class="navigation-arrow"> <span>Family & Education</span> </a> <div class="navigation-panel navigation-panel--closed js-navigation-panel-Family___Education"> <div class="navigation-panel__content"> <ul class="navigation-panel-secondary"> <li><a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education"><span>Family & Education Home</span></a></li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/schoolreport"><span>Young Reporter</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-12686570"><span>Global Education</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment_and_arts" class=""> <span>Entertainment & Arts</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/stories" class=""> <span>Stories</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/video_and_audio/headlines" class=""> <span>Video & Audio</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in_pictures" class=""> <span>In Pictures</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/newsbeat" class=""> <span>Newsbeat</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/realitycheck" class=""> <span>Reality Check</span> </a> </li> <li class="selected "> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special_reports" class="navigation-arrow--open"> <span>Special Reports</span> </a> <span class="off-screen">selected</span> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/explainers" class=""> <span>Explainers</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/the_reporters" class=""> <span>The Reporters</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/have_your_say" class=""> <span>Have Your Say</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/disability" class=""> <span>Disability</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div id="comp-pattern-library-2" class="distinct-component-group "> <div id="bbc-news-services" class="blue-tit" role="navigation" aria-label="BBC News Services"> <div class="blue-tit__inner"> <h2 class="blue-tit__title">BBC News Services</h2> <ul class="blue-tit__list"> <li class="blue-tit__list-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10628994" class="blue-tit__list-item-link mobile">On your mobile</a> </li> <li class="blue-tit__list-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/help-17655000" class="blue-tit__list-item-link connected-tv">On your connected tv</a> </li> <li class="blue-tit__list-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10628323" class="blue-tit__list-item-link newsletter">Get news alerts</a> </li> <li class="blue-tit__list-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/20039682" class="blue-tit__list-item-link contact-us">Contact BBC News</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- closes #site-container --> </div> <div id="orb-footer" class="orb-footer" dir="ltr"><div id="navp-orb-footer-promo"></div><aside role="complementary"><div id="orb-aside" class="orb-nav-sec b-r b-g-p"><div class="orb-footer-inner" role="navigation" aria-label="BBC"><h2 class="orb-footer-lead">Explore the BBC</h2><div class="orb-footer-primary-links"><ul><li class="orb-nav-home"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/">Home</a></li><li class="orb-nav-news"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news">News</a></li><li class="orb-nav-sport"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport">Sport</a></li><li class="orb-nav-weather"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/weather">Weather</a></li><li class="orb-nav-iplayer"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer">iPlayer</a></li><li class="orb-nav-sounds"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds">Sounds</a></li><li class="orb-nav-cbbc"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/cbbc">CBBC</a></li><li class="orb-nav-cbeebies"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/cbeebies">CBeebies</a></li><li class="orb-nav-food"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/food">Food</a></li><li class="orb-nav-bitesize"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize">Bitesize</a></li><li class="orb-nav-arts"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/arts">Arts</a></li><li class="orb-nav-taster"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/taster">Taster</a></li><li class="orb-nav-local"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/localnews">Local</a></li><li class="orb-nav-tv"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/tv">TV</a></li><li class="orb-nav-radio"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio">Radio</a></li><li class="orb-nav-three"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcthree">Three</a></li></ul></div></div></div></aside><footer role="contentinfo"><div id="orb-contentinfo" class="orb-nav-sec b-r b-g-p"><script>window.orb.worldwideFooterlinks = '<li class="orb-footer-ads"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://advertising.bbcworldwide.com/">Advertise with us<'+'/a><'+'/li><li class="orb-footer-adchoices"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.com/usingthebbc/cookies/how-does-the-bbc-use-cookies-for-advertising/">Ad choices<'+'/a><'+'/li>';</script><div class="orb-footer-inner"> <ul><li class="orb-footer-terms"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/usingthebbc/terms/">Terms of Use</a></li><li class="orb-footer-about"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc">About the BBC</a></li><li class="orb-footer-privacy"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/usingthebbc/privacy/">Privacy Policy</a></li><li class="orb-footer-cookies"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/usingthebbc/cookies/">Cookies</a></li><li class="orb-footer-accessibility"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/accessibility/">Accessibility Help</a></li><li class="orb-footer-parental"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/guidance">Parental Guidance</a></li><li class="orb-footer-contact"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/contact">Contact the BBC</a></li><li class="orb-footer-newsletter"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcnewsletter">Get Personalised Newsletters</a></li></ul><small><em class="orb-hilight">Copyright © 2019 BBC.</em> The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. <span class="orb-footer-links"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://www.bbc.co.uk/help/web/links/" class="orb-hilight">Read about our approach to external linking.</a></span></small></div></div></div></footer></div><script id="orb-js-script" data-assetpath="https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/orbit/3.0.0-652.2de69620/" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004js_/https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/orbit/3.0.0-652.2de69620/js/orb.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">require(['orb/lib/_$'], function($) { $.ready(function() { initialiseFooter(); }); var scrollCheckTimer; var didScroll; var previousPosition = 0; var delta = 5; var PROMO_SHOW_BREAKPOINT = 1500; var pageLength = 0; function initialiseFooter() { // Suppress this feature on browsers we no longer test var myNav = navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(); var oldIE = (myNav.indexOf('msie') !== -1) && parseInt(myNav.split('msie')[1], 10) <= 10; if (!oldIE) { require(['orb/cookies'], function (bbccookies) { var disabledByCookie = (parseInt(bbccookies.get('ckns_nav_promofail')) || 0) >= 3; if (!disabledByCookie) { require(['orb/fig'], function (orbFig) { orbFig.load(function (fig) { if (fig.geo.isUK()) { setUpLazyLoading(); } }); }); } }); } } function setUpLazyLoading() { // offsetHeight is expensive to calculate, only do it once. pageLength = Math.abs(document.body.offsetHeight); if (pageLength < getViewportHeight() + 300 || pageLength - getCurrentPosition() < PROMO_SHOW_BREAKPOINT) { loadPromo(); } else { window.onscroll = function () { didScroll = true; }; scrollCheckTimer = setInterval(function () { if (didScroll) { hasScrolled(); didScroll = false; } }, 250); } } function loadPromo() { clearInterval(scrollCheckTimer); require(['orb/async/_footerpromo'], function(promo) { promo.init('https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://navpromo.api.bbci.co.uk', ''); }); } function getViewportHeight() { return window.innerHeight; } function getCurrentPosition() { return Math.abs(window.scrollY || document.body.scrollTop || document.documentElement.scrollTop); } function hasScrolled() { var currentPosition = getCurrentPosition(); if (Math.abs(previousPosition - currentPosition) <= delta) { return; } if (currentPosition > previousPosition) { if ((pageLength - currentPosition) <= PROMO_SHOW_BREAKPOINT) { loadPromo(); } } previousPosition = currentPosition; } })</script><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ require(['orb/fig', 'orb/nav'], function(fig, nav) { fig.load(function(fig) { if (fig.geo.isUK()) { nav.loadJs('https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/orbit/3.0.0-652.2de69620/js/edr.min.js'); } }); }); /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">require.config({ paths: { "mybbc/templates": '//web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://mybbc.files.bbci.co.uk/notification-ui/3.9.9/templates', "mybbc/notifications": '//web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://mybbc.files.bbci.co.uk/notification-ui/3.9.9/js' } }); require(['mybbc/notifications/NotificationsMain', 'idcta/idcta-1'], function (NotificationsMain, idcta) { var loadNotifications = function (isUK) { if (isUK) { window.bbcpage.loadCSS('//web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://mybbc.files.bbci.co.uk/notification-ui/3.9.9/css/main.min.css').then(function() { NotificationsMain.run(idcta, '//web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://mybbc.files.bbci.co.uk/notification-ui/3.9.9/'); }); } }; if (window.bbcuser && window.bbcuser.isUKCombined && typeof(window.bbcuser.isUKCombined) === 'function') { // Use new API from Orbit if available window.bbcuser.isUKCombined().then(function(isUK) { loadNotifications(isUK); }); } else { // Fallback to fig (ORB support) var orbFig = window.orb.fig; loadNotifications(orbFig.geo.isUK()); } });</script><!-- BBCDOTCOM bodyLast --><div class="bbccom_display_none"><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && window.bbcdotcom.analytics && bbcdotcom.config && !bbcdotcom.config.isSportApp() && !bbcdotcom.config.isReel()) { bbcdotcom.analytics.page(); } /*]]>*/</script><noscript><img src="//web.archive.org/web/20190821014004im_/https://ssc.api.bbc.com/?c1=2&c2=19293874&ns_site=bbc&name=" height="1" width="1" alt=""></noscript><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.currencyProviders) { bbcdotcom.currencyProviders.write(); } /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.currencyProviders) { bbcdotcom.currencyProviders.postWrite(); } /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.data && bbcdotcom.data.stats && bbcdotcom.data.stats === 1 && bbcdotcom.utils && window.location.pathname === '/' && window.bbccookies && bbccookies.readPolicy('necessary') ) { var wwhpEdition = bbcdotcom.utils.getMetaPropertyContent('wwhp-edition'); var _sf_async_config={}; /** CONFIGURATION START **/ _sf_async_config.uid = 50924; _sf_async_config.domain = "bbc.co.uk"; _sf_async_config.title = "Homepage"+(wwhpEdition !== '' ? ' - '+wwhpEdition : ''); _sf_async_config.sections = "Homepage"+(wwhpEdition !== '' ? ', Homepage - '+wwhpEdition : ''); _sf_async_config.region = wwhpEdition; _sf_async_config.path = "/"+(wwhpEdition !== '' ? '?'+wwhpEdition : ''); /** CONFIGURATION END **/ (function(){ function loadChartbeat() { window._sf_endpt=(new Date()).getTime(); var e = document.createElement("script"); e.setAttribute("language", "javascript"); e.setAttribute("type", "text/javascript"); e.setAttribute('src', '//web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://static.chartbeat.com/js/chartbeat.js'); document.body.appendChild(e); } var oldonload = window.onload; window.onload = (typeof window.onload != "function") ? loadChartbeat : function() { oldonload(); loadChartbeat(); }; })(); } /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { window.bbcdotcom.bodyLast = true; }()); /*]]>*/</script></div><!-- BBCDOTCOM all code in page --><script type="text/javascript">if (window.SEARCHBOX.suppress === false && window.SEARCHBOX.locale && /^en-?.*?/.test(window.SEARCHBOX.locale)) { require.config({ paths: { "search/searchbox": window.SEARCHBOX.searchboxAppStaticPrefix, } }); if (bbcuser && bbcuser.isUKCombined) { bbcuser.isUKCombined().then(function (isUK) { if (isUK) { require(['search/searchbox/searchboxDrawer'], function (SearchboxDrawer) { SearchboxDrawer.run(window.SEARCHBOX); }); } }); } }</script> <script type="text/javascript">window.COOKIES_STATIC_HOST = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/orbit-webmodules/0.0.1-329.9c7ecd5/cookie-banner//cookie-prompt/';</script><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004js_/https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/orbit-webmodules/0.0.1-329.9c7ecd5/cookie-banner/cookie-banners.bundle.js" async=""></script><script type="text/javascript">require(["istats-1","orb/cookies"],function(o,t){if(t.isAllowed("s1"))try{if(!require.s.contexts._.config.paths.idcta)return void i();require(["idcta/idcta-1"],function(t){t&&"function"==typeof t.getIStatsLabels&&o.addLabels(t.getIStatsLabels()),i()},function(t){throw t})}catch(t){console&&"function"==typeof console.log&&console.log("an exception occurred while adding idcta labels to istats, invoking istats without them",t),i()}function i(){o.invoke()}});</script><script type="text/javascript">"use strict";require(["reverb"],function(e){return e.invoke(!1)});</script><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004js_/https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/orbit-webmodules/0.0.1-329.9c7ecd5/detectview/detectview.bundle.js" async=""></script> </div><!-- closes .direction --> <script> window.old_onload = window.onload; window.onload = function() { if(window.old_onload) { window.old_onload(); } window.loaded = true; }; </script> <!-- Chartbeat Web Analytics code - start --> <script type="text/javascript"> /** CONFIGURATION START **/ var _sf_async_config = {}; _sf_async_config.uid = "50924"; _sf_async_config.domain = "www.bbc.co.uk"; _sf_async_config.sections = "News, News - special-reports, News - IDX, News - special-reports - IDX, News - unknown"; <!-- if page is an index, add the edition to the path --> _sf_async_config.path = "bbc.co.uk/news/special_reports/?domestic"; _sf_async_config.title = "BBC News - Special reports - domestic"; (function() { var cookiePrefix = 'ckns_sylphid'; _sf_async_config.idSync = _sf_async_config.idSync || {}; if (document.cookie.indexOf(cookiePrefix) !== -1) { var cookieSplit = document.cookie.split(';'); var cookieLength = cookieSplit.length; while (cookieLength--) { var cookie = cookieSplit[cookieLength].replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g, ''); var cookieName = cookie.split('=')[0]; if (cookieName.indexOf(cookiePrefix) === 0) { _sf_async_config.idSync.bbc_hid = cookieSplit[cookieLength].split('=')[1]; break; } } } }()); /** CONFIGURATION END **/ (function(){ function loadChartbeat() { window._sf_endpt=(new Date()).getTime(); var e = document.createElement("script"); e.setAttribute("language", "javascript"); e.setAttribute("type", "text/javascript"); e.setAttribute('src', '//web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://static.chartbeat.com/js/chartbeat.js'); document.body.appendChild(e); } var oldonload = window.onload; window.onload = (typeof window.onload != "function") ? loadChartbeat : function() { oldonload(); loadChartbeat(); }; }()); </script> <!-- Chartbeat Web Analytics code - end --> <!-- comscore mmx - start --> <script> var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "17986528"}); (function() { if ('object' === typeof bbccookies && bbccookies.cookiesEnabled() && bbccookies.readPolicy('performance')) { var s = document.createElement("script"); var el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004/https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); } })(); </script> <noscript> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190821014004im_/https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=17986528&cv=2.0&cj=1" alt="" class="image-hide"/> </noscript> <!-- comscore mmx - end --> </body> </html> <!-- FILE ARCHIVED ON 01:40:04 Aug 21, 2019 AND RETRIEVED FROM THE INTERNET ARCHIVE ON 02:11:12 Nov 25, 2024. JAVASCRIPT APPENDED BY WAYBACK MACHINE, COPYRIGHT INTERNET ARCHIVE. ALL OTHER CONTENT MAY ALSO BE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT (17 U.S.C. SECTION 108(a)(3)). --> <!-- playback timings (ms): captures_list: 0.72 exclusion.robots: 0.032 exclusion.robots.policy: 0.019 esindex: 0.012 cdx.remote: 6.319 LoadShardBlock: 168.167 (6) PetaboxLoader3.datanode: 144.276 (7) PetaboxLoader3.resolve: 211.954 (2) load_resource: 237.239 -->